WO2023178400A1 - Procédé intégré de pyrolyse et de gazéification de résidus et de leurs dérivés et équipement pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procédé intégré de pyrolyse et de gazéification de résidus et de leurs dérivés et équipement pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023178400A1
WO2023178400A1 PCT/BR2023/050030 BR2023050030W WO2023178400A1 WO 2023178400 A1 WO2023178400 A1 WO 2023178400A1 BR 2023050030 W BR2023050030 W BR 2023050030W WO 2023178400 A1 WO2023178400 A1 WO 2023178400A1
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Prior art keywords
waste
gases
gasification
derivatives
gasifier
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PCT/BR2023/050030
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Evandro JOSÉ LOPES
Original Assignee
Jose Lopes Evandro
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Publication of WO2023178400A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023178400A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B31/00—Charging devices
    • C10B31/02—Charging devices for charging vertically
    • C10B31/04—Charging devices for charging vertically coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B51/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes

Definitions

  • solid waste is defined as: waste in solid and semi-solid states, which result from activities of industrial, domestic, hospital, commercial, agricultural, service and sweeping origin.
  • This definition includes sludge from water treatment systems, those generated in pollution control equipment and installations, as well as certain liquids whose particularities make their release into the public sewage system or water bodies unfeasible, or require it to be released. solutions that are technically and economically unfeasible in the face of the best available technology.
  • energy recovery or energy use is defined as: “process of using thermal energy generated from the thermal oxidation of waste destined for combustion processes, gasification and/or pyrolysis, which fundamentally uses thermal energy for industrial purposes or electricity generation, carried out under controlled conditions and with due environmental control and monitoring”.
  • Drying is the endothermic process of removing water from waste and its derivatives, using in this process the heat resulting from the exothermic reactions of gasification processes.
  • Pyrolysis is an endothermic process, which requires an external source of heat. It consists of the thermal degradation of waste in the partial or total absence of an oxidizing agent (oxygen) and with process temperatures that vary, from 400°C, until the beginning of the gasification regime. Pyrolysis is used to transform polymers, or materials containing polymers, into products that at CNTP are liquid (condensable), gaseous (non-condensable) or solid (predominantly coal).
  • Gasification can be defined as partial oxidation of solid or semi-solid carbonaceous material (biomass/wood, waste, coal, etc.), into a combustible gas (synthesis gas, mainly H2, CO, N2, CO2), occurring at high temperature, that is, between 500°C and 1,400°C, and pressure varying between atmospheric and 33 bar.
  • synthesis gas mainly H2, CO, N2, CO2
  • Combustion is characterized by the combustion or oxidation zone established by the entry of oxygen into a reactor.
  • Oxygen reacts with pyrolysis and gasification products, releasing thermal energy (exothermic reaction), which provides heat to the other stages of the process and produces mainly CO2, H2O and N2.
  • the heat produced in the overall process covering the three operations can be used in industrial plants, producing thermal energy for the most varied applications, such as drying or evaporation of various materials, drying of sludge, production of process steam or production of electricity in Rankine cycle.
  • Incineration is one of the most frequent forms of thermal processing of waste and its derivatives that can be applied to a wide variety of types of materials. It occurs when there is a surplus of oxygen for complete oxidation. During the incineration of solid urban waste it is possible to reduce up to 90% of the volume and 75% of the initial weight of the waste.
  • Incineration consists of a high temperature thermal oxidation process, normally ranging between 800°C and 1,300°C. Facilities require additional air pollution control equipment and the energy released by combustion of waste may or may not be reused.
  • the performance of an incinerator is related to several factors, including the variation in the composition of the waste to be incinerated, the temperature, the residence time of the gases in the secondary chamber and the swirl or excess air. Therefore, the operation of an incinerator is based on the tripod of temperature x retention time x quantity of air, necessary for the complete burning of waste, resulting in satisfactory performance of the equipment with a large reduction in the emission of polluting gases.
  • incinerators seek to achieve complete combustion using temperatures in the range of 540 to 1,090°C, to capture the heat generated, and to manage emissions through pollution controls.
  • PCDD Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
  • PCDF Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
  • MSW Urban Solid Waste
  • the conveyor belt (1.1) elevates the RSU to the admission which is made by means of a drawer (1.2.1 - Figure 1 ) with a powerful hydraulic drive (1.2.1.1 - Figure 1 ).
  • the intake duct (1.3.1 Figure 1) is designed to always remain full of material compacted by the drawer, preventing the entry of air and the exit of gases into the atmosphere.
  • This catalyst set is necessary for the process C1 1000573-0, as it requires an increase in the calorific value of the gas generated.
  • this catalyst set will be dispensed with and will not be part of the required process, because this new model allows for better conditions for endothermic reactions, producing a gas with better calorific value compared to conventional gasifiers.
  • the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION” presents a new way of achieving this effect appropriately for the proposed process.
  • the pyrolysis process is still at the state of the art.
  • products with added values are generated, such as oil, gases and coal that can be used as a source of fuel or in other uses related to industry.
  • the carbonization pyrolysis process (slow pyrolysis) is aimed specifically at the production of coal
  • fast pyrolysis is considered an advanced process, in which, by controlling the process parameters, considerable quantities of oil can be obtained.
  • it is an endothermic process, it requires that amounts of heat be consumed proportional to the masses of waste and its derivatives for its decomposition.
  • the addition of heat is commonly done indirectly, that is, the heat conductor, whether by steam, thermal oil or even gases, which do not come into contact with the material to be processed. .
  • the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION” was developed to solve the problem of treating fine, powdery, pasty, iodine and liquid waste, which can be treated individually or in blends with other waste such as urban, commercial or industrial solid waste. Such residues with reduced particle size cannot be processed in conventional grid gasification processes.
  • the present invention also offers a comprehensive destination for waste processed by the pyrolysis technique, which generates coals that end up having no application or use when derived from waste containing heavy metals or other organic molecules.
  • the present invention proposes to solve both problems by integrating two distinct processes for a treatment integral, being able to meet a demand for waste that today basically only finds disposal in landfills and also greatly reduce the solid by-products of pyrolytic processes for waste treatment.
  • the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION” aims to make waste treatment with energy recovery available to the market, through an integrated process, in integrated equipment, with capacity to meet the demands for waste that is currently sent to landfills without being used.
  • waste generators with a process that includes waste with characteristics that do not conform to conventional processes with additional energy use, and that fully complies with environmental laws and standards. [0041] Make available to the market a process that effectively treats waste with energy recovery, ensuring the non-production of pollutants such as dioxins and furans.
  • the novelty of the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, comprises the integration of two distinct processes that enables the optimization of the pyrolysis technique, increasing its efficiency in terms of mass effectiveness of treated waste and also increases the range of waste that can be treated by the grid gasification technique, offering: a) an integrated process that allows the treatment of waste in different particle sizes, such as fine waste, powder, pasty, sludge and liquids that may be treated individually or in blends with other waste such as urban, commercial or industrial solid waste; b) an integrated process that allows pyrolytic gases and oils to be produced from waste, without leaving a coal liability that ends up without being used; c) solution for the coal produced in the pyrolysis process to be consumed in the downstream gasification process, to produce thermal energy to be consumed in the pyrolysis reactions; d) the operating conditions of both pyrolysis and gasification do not provide conditions for the
  • Figure 1 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a general schematic drawing in side view in section of the complete set (1), in the best proposed solution, specifying its main parts.
  • Figure 2 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a schematic drawing in side section of the feeding set (1.1).
  • Figure 3 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION”, a schematic drawing in side section of the rotating pyrolysis drum assembly (1.2).
  • Figure 4 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION”, a schematic drawing in side section of the gasifier assembly (1.3).
  • Figure 5 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a schematic drawing in side section of the combustor assembly (1.4).
  • Figure 6 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PROCESS OF PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT TO CARRY IT OUT”, a schematic drawing, in side view, of the location of the sensors of the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION”, a perspective of a section (1 .3.1) of fixed grids (1 .3.1 .1) and furniture(1 .3.1 .2).
  • Figure 8 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a perspective of a fixed grid (1 .3.1.1) or mobile grid (1 .3.1. two).
  • Figure 9 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a perspective of a fixed grid (1 .3.1.1) or mobile grid (1 .3.1. two).
  • Figure 10 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a general schematic drawing in side view in section of the complete set (1), in the composition of 1 â variant, with exhaust fan (1 .4.1 1 ), specifying its main parts.
  • Figure 1 1 shows the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR ITS REALIZATION”, a general schematic drawing in a side view in section of the complete set (1), in the composition of the 2 – variant, without the burner (1.4), specifying its main parts.
  • the EQUIPMENT of the present invention presents its functional technical composition comprising 04 basic parts: material feeding and dosing and gas removal set (1.1), rotating pyrolysis set (1.2), gasification set (1. 3) and combustion assembly for the gases generated (1.4).
  • the material feeder and doser and gas removal assembly (1.1) comprises: a) feeder (1.1.1); b) upper hopper (1 .1 .2); c) valve (1 .1 .3) to control the material input volume; d) lower hopper (1 .1 .4); e) pyrolysis rotary drum feeder (1 .1 .5) comprising:
  • the pyrolysis rotating drum assembly (1.2) comprises: a) rotating drum (1 .2.1) comprising:
  • the gasification set (1.3) comprises: a) sections (1 .3.1 ), comprising:
  • the combustion assembly for the gases generated (1.4) comprises: a) extraction fan (1.4.1); b) Venturi(1 .4.3); c) recovery gas supply line (1 .4.4); d) pilot burner for startup (1 .4.5); e) burner fan (1 .4.6); f) damper valve (1 .4.7); g) combustion chamber (1 .4.8) comprising tangential inlet of produced gases (1 .4.8.1); h) hot gas outlet (1 .4.9); i) natural gas or LPG input line for startup (1 .4.10); j) set of sensors (1.5) comprising:
  • the present invention called “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT TO CARRY IT OUT”, integrates the processes of pyrolysis in a rotating drum (1 .2) and gasification on mobile grills in the gasifier (1 .3).
  • the equipment components (l) are built with materials suitable for each phase of the overall process, according to temperature, humidity, electrochemical corrosivity and abrasiveness.
  • control is carried out over the gas exhaust fan (1 .4.1 1).
  • the basic instrumentation seen in Figure 6, comprises: a) pressure transmitter (1 .5.1 ); b) temperature transmitter (1 .5.2); c) O2 analyzer and transmitter (1.5.3), also known as lambda probe ( ⁇ ).
  • Such sensors will be controlled by a control loop that will control the frequency inverters of the fans and exhaust fans (1 .4.1), (1 .4.1 1), (1 .3.9) and (1 .4.6), the frequency inverter of the gear motor (1 .2.2) that drives the rotation of the drum (1 .2.1), the valves (1.1.3), (1.1 .5.3), (1.1 .5.5), (1.3.5), (1.3.10) and (1 .4.7), and the movement of the mobile grates (1 .3.1 .2) by the hydraulic unit (1 .3.3) managing the entire operation of the equipment (1 ).
  • the upper hopper (1 .1 .2) acts as a funnel receiving the material to be processed, which then finds the valve (1 .1 .3) to control the volume of material input.
  • the lower hopper (1 .1 .4) directs the dosed material to the feeder inlet of the rotating pyrolysis drum (1 .1 .5).
  • the feeder of the rotating pyrolysis drum (1 .1 .5) has a body (1 .1 .5.1) with several functions which include offering the material to be processed the path to the assembly (1 .2) through the hopper (1 .1 .5.1 .1 ), and the path of counterflow gases to the exit (1 .1 .5.4) through the valve (1 .1 .5.5).
  • Attached to the body (1 .1.) is also the safety valve (1 .1 .5.2), which directs, in cases of emergencies/abrupt stops, the gases to the chimney (1 .1 .5.3).
  • the feeder/drum seal (1 .1 .5.6) in the region of separation between the moving part of the drum (1 .2.1) and the fixed part of the body (1 .1 .5.1) prevents false air from entering the system.
  • the rotating drum assembly (1 .2) performs the function of pyrolysis of the material in process, which, for this purpose, has its body (1 .2.1 .1) rotated, by the gear motor (1 .2.2), on the clues(1 .2.1.2).
  • the dosing feeder(1 .1) feeds the rotating drum(1 .2) for the pyrolysis reactions, where the seal(1 .1 .5.6) of the feeder assembly /doser(1 .1 ) and the seal(1 .3.1 1 ) of the gasifier assembly(1 .3) guarantee the absence of false air passage and gas leakage between moving parts of the rotating drum(1 .2) and the fixed ones on both sides of this.
  • the gear motor (1 .2.2) determines the rotation speed of the rotating drum (1 .2.1) which provides the revolving and movement of the material so that good pyrolysis occurs and the material is forwarded to the gasifier assembly (1 .3 ).
  • the gasification set (1 .3) comprises sets of grid sections (1 .3.1 ), where, in the direction of material flow, the odd lines are with fixed grids (1 .3.1 .1 ) and the lines pairs are with movable grids (1 .3.1 .2).
  • the movement of the grill sets (1 .3.1 .2) is done by hydraulic actuators (1 .3.2), these can be cylinders or hydraulic motors, where the propulsion is offered by the hydraulic unit with pump and reservoir (1 .3.3 ).
  • the movable grilles (1 .3.1 .2) move with the upper sliding-fitting flaps (1 .3.1 .1 .4) sliding over the adjacent lower sliding-fitting flaps (1 .3.1 .1 .3), promoting the necessary sealing.
  • ash collectors (1.3.4) residual from the process, which, like hoppers, direct such ash to the ash collection valves (1.3.5), screw conveyor of ash(1 .3.6), and finally, by Redler type conveyor(1 .3.8), out of the equipment(l).
  • the Redler-type conveyor (1.3.8) has its lower part covered by a water seal (1.3.7) preventing false air from entering the equipment (1).
  • the air blown into the gasifier (1 .3) is controlled by a frequency inverter that operates the blower (1 .3.9) and drives the blown air damper valves (1 .3.10).
  • the gasifier/drum seal (1 .3.1 1) prevents the entry of fake air.
  • the level sensor/switch (1 .3.12) maintains the seal level at such a height that it does not allow false air to enter through the gasifier Redler (1 .3.8) (1 .3).
  • each grille section (1.3.1) there is a pressure sensor (1.5.1), also providing data for equipment automation (1). Based on the signals from these sensors, the blown air damper valves (1.3.10) are opened, the purpose of which is to maintain constant pressure at these points.
  • the endothermic pyrolysis process that occurs in the set (1.2), and the consequent thermal decomposition of the waste and its derivatives, will be thermally fed with the heat of the gases produced in the exothermic gasification reactions of the set (1. 3).
  • the gas removal duct (1 .1 .5.4), best seen in Figure 2 will be arranged next to the entry of materials into the rotating drum (1 .2.1), so that the flow of gases are countercurrent in relation to solid, pasty and liquid material.
  • Controlling the speed of rotation of the drum (1 .2.1) and controlling the amount of material to be processed must maintain the temperature of the mixture of gasification gases in the set (1 .3) plus the pyrolytic gases in the set (1 .2) at an average value of 400°C (between 300 and 500°C), in order to avoid condensation of the pyrolytic gases.
  • the O2 measuring cell by lambda probe (1.5.3) interconnected to the operating system, allows control and guarantees that there will be no oxygen available for complete combustion in the pyrolysis chamber (1.2).
  • the internal working temperature of the rotating drum (1 .2.1) for pyrolysis reactions should be around 400°C on average, in the gasifier (1 .3) the average internal working temperature will be around 650 °C.
  • blower air insufflation (1 .3.9) which is controlled by the temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration given by sensors (1 .5) above each section (1 .3.1) of grilles and by the pressure sensor (1 .5.1 ) below each section (1 .3.1 ) of grilles.
  • the control will be carried out by the pressure above the grilles (1.3.1) of the gasification chamber, which must be below atmospheric pressure to guarantee a vacuum process.
  • the Venturi effect guarantees the flow of gases and pressure throughout the process, as well as providing the torsional combustor (1.4) with the mixture of combustible gases from the pyrolysis and gasification processes plus the oxidizing atmospheric air coming from the blower (1 .4.6).
  • blower (1 .4.6) is controlled by the valve (1 .4.7) together with a frequency inverter.
  • This ash contains the inorganic fraction present in the waste and its derivatives.
  • the composition of the ash and its quantity will depend on the type of waste to be processed and must be characterized/classified and disposed of appropriately.
  • the gasifier (1 .3) has the function of conditioning the material from the rotating drum (1 .2) for substoichiometric reactions for gas production operating at average temperatures of 650°C, and, for this purpose , it is coated with ceramic material to maintain conditions at these temperatures and not be attacked by corrosive gases.
  • the fixed (1 .3.1 .1 ) and movable (1 .3.1 .2) grates of the gasifier (1 .3) are made of cast iron with special alloys and have the function of pushing the materials.
  • the individual grilles have tabs and recesses on the side edges of the male (1 .3.1 .1 .3) and female (1 .3.1 .1 .4) type, with the purpose of not allowing the passage of fine materials through the gaps and also not allowing air flow.
  • each section (1.3.1) of grids can be activated individually, according to the responses to the sets of sensors (1.5.) located on each set of grids.
  • the ash collectors (1 .3.4) of the gasifier (1 .3) are intended to remove ash, directing it to valves (1 .3.5) that control the ash output flow.
  • valves (1 .3.5) When the valves (1 .3.5) are opened, the ash falls onto a collector (1 .3.6) with a screw conveyor, which directs it to the entrance of a Redler-type conveyor (1 .3.8) submerged by a seal of water with level(1 .3.7).
  • the blower (1 .3.9) is below the grill (1 .3.1), and ensures the appropriate amount of air in each section of it through the damper valves (1 .3.10), in order to keep substoichiometric reactions controlled in each section of the gasifier (1 .3).
  • the gas removal duct (1 .1 .5.4) carries gases from the pyrolysis and gasification processes towards the combustion set (1 .4).
  • the air blower (1 .4.1) is controlled by a frequency inverter.
  • the duct closing safety valve (1 .1 .5.5) acts to close the duct (1 .1 .5.4) in the event of a sudden stop/emergency.
  • the safety chimney (1 .1 .5.3) has the purpose of evacuating the pyrolysis and gasification chambers, with the concomitant action of the chimney opening safety valve (1 .1 .5.2).
  • the combustion assembly (1.4) has the purpose of conditioning perfect combustion of gases produced in the pyrolysis and gasification processes, it is coated with ceramic material in order to withstand temperature conditions of up to 1,400°C.
  • the pilot burner (1 .4.5) operates only for initial heating of the chamber (1 .4.8) or to act in the case of a flame extinguishing emergency.
  • the air blowers (1 .4.6) serve to supply the concentration of air necessary for combustion, this concentration being controlled by the valve (1 .4.7) and frequency inverters.
  • the gases produced (from pyrolysis and gasification) have a tangential entry (1 .4.8.1) into the combustion chamber (1 .4.8), which has this arrangement so that such gases are directed to the internal walls of the combustor in torsional movement or swirl and, consequently, increase turbulence to increase burning efficiency.
  • the hydraulic control unit (1.3.3) has the purpose of activating the mobile grilles, a set of registers with pneumatic actuators.
  • valves (1.3.10) have the function of opening and closing the upward air flow in each section of the gasifier.
  • the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION” receives waste and its derivatives, carries out the pyrolysis and gasification process sequentially, producing a mixture of gases with combustible contents, which now we can call it “Waste-Derived Combustible Gases” (GCDR).
  • GCDR Wave-Derived Combustible Gases
  • the combustion chamber (1.4) is sized in terms of diameter and length so that it obtains a minimum retention time of 1.5 seconds for the gases inside the chamber at temperatures between 1,000°C and 1,400°C. °C.
  • These combustible gases can be used in different ways, the most common being in industrial dryers, in industrial steam production, in Rankine cycle electrical energy production, or others that can be compatible with these characteristics.
  • step 1 feeding the dosing feeder process (1.1) with waste and/or its derivatives
  • step 2 dose the waste and its derivatives to be inserted into the rotating drum assembly (1 .2)
  • step 3 by action of gases from the exothermic reactions of the gasifier set (1 .3) at a temperature of around 650 °C carry out the endothermic pyrolysis processes of waste and its derivatives in the rotating drum set (1 .2)
  • step 4 direct materials that were not pyrolyzed under the conditions imposed in the rotating drum (1 .2) to the gasifier (1 .3) by rotating the drum (1 .2.1);
  • step 5 move the material in process in the gasifier (1.3) by the advancing and retreating action of the mobile grill sets (1 .3.1 .2), so that they are subjected to the partial oxidation reaction with atmospheric air, used as an
  • the 1st variant of the process is characterized by the fact that it comprises: a) step 1: feeding the dosing feeder process (1.1) with waste and/or its derivatives; b) step 2: dose the waste and its derivatives to be inserted into the rotating drum assembly (1 .2); c) step 3: by action gases from exothermic reactions of the gasifier set (1 .3) at a temperature of around 650°C carry out the endothermic pyrolysis processes of waste and its derivatives in the rotating drum set (1 .2); d) step 4: direct materials that were not pyrolyzed under the conditions imposed in the rotating drum (1 .2) to the gasifier (1 .3) by rotating the drum (1 .2.1); e) step 5: move the material in process in the gasifier (1.3) by the advancing and retreating action of the mobile grill sets (1 .3.1.2), so that they are subjected to the partial oxidation reaction with atmospheric air, used as an agent gasifier, blown by the air blower(1.3.9) in
  • Figure 6 shows the first variant of the invention “INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION PROCESS OF WASTE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AND THE EQUIPMENT TO CARRY IT OUT”, here called equipment(2).
  • the exhaust fan (1.4.1 1) maintains constant pressure in the integrated pyrolysis and gasification processes. In this case, the injection of combustion air will be made exclusively at the inlet of the combustion chamber, by the blower (1.4.6).
  • the 2nd variant of the process is characterized by the fact that it comprises: a) step 1: feeding the dosing feeder process (1.1) with waste and/or its derivatives; b) step 2: dose the waste and its derivatives to be inserted into the rotating drum assembly (1 .2); c) step 3: by action gases from exothermic reactions of the gasifier set (1 .3) at a temperature of around 650°C carry out the endothermic pyrolysis processes of waste and its derivatives in the rotating drum set (1 .2); d) step 4: direct materials that were not pyrolyzed under the conditions imposed in the rotating drum (1 .2) to the gasifier (1 .3) by rotating the drum (1 .2.1 ); e) step 5: move the material in process in the gasifier (1.3) by the advancing and retreating action of the mobile grill sets (1 .3.1.2), so that they are subjected to the partial oxidation reaction with air atmospheric, used as a gasifying agent, blown by the air blower(1.3.9)
  • the second variant is configured by the equipment (3) not combusting the gases directly at the system outlet with Venturi (1 .4.3) of the best proposed solution or at the exhaust fan outlet (1 .4.1 1 ) of the first variant.
  • equipment (3) combustible gases derived from waste will be sent to the outlet (1 .4.15) by an exhaust fan (1 .41 1) controlled by a frequency inverter.
  • the present invention is from the waste treatment and energy recovery industry sector.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un procédé et un équipement intègrent de manière continue les procédés de pyrolyse dans un tambour rotatif à des températures moyennes allant de 300 à 500°C avec un gazéificateur à grilles mobiles à des températures moyennes allant de 500 à 800°C, dont le but est de produire un mélange de gaz destinés aux procédés de pyrolyse et de gazéification de résidus et de leurs dérivés. Dans ce procédé, le mélange de gaz appelé "gaz combustibles dérivés de résidus (GCDR) est extrait en continu par un système Venturi ou un système d'évacuation, et peut être dirigé vers un système de combustion ou de traitement et de séparation des fractions combustibles pour une récupération énergétique ultérieure. A partir de ce procédé et de ses caractéristiques inédites de traitement, des résidus pulvérulents, fins, chargés, pâteux ou liquides peuvent être traités thermiquement individuellement ou dans des mélanges avec d'autres résidus tels que des résidus solides urbains, commerciaux ou industriels, avec une valorisation énergétique supplémentaire.
PCT/BR2023/050030 2022-03-25 2023-01-27 Procédé intégré de pyrolyse et de gazéification de résidus et de leurs dérivés et équipement pour sa mise en oeuvre WO2023178400A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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BR102022005707-9A BR102022005707A2 (pt) 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 Processo integrado de pirólise e gaseificação de resíduos e seus derivados e o equipamento para sua realização
BR1020220057079 2022-03-25

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WO2023178400A1 true WO2023178400A1 (fr) 2023-09-28

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994029410A1 (fr) * 1993-06-04 1994-12-22 Biokat Corporation Gazeification de combustibles solides a faible valeur calorifique dans le but de produire de l'energie electrique
CN102703098A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2012-10-03 东南大学 生物质制取生物油的装置及其方法
BR112013001313B1 (pt) * 2010-07-20 2018-12-26 Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd. método e aparelho para pirólise de biomassa a baixa temperatura e gaseificação de biomassa a alta temperatura
BR112013001315B1 (pt) * 2010-07-20 2019-03-26 Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd. Método e aparelho para a pirólise e gaseificação da biomassa através de dois fornos interligados
BR112020006139A2 (pt) * 2017-10-13 2020-10-13 Cortus Ab processo e aparelho para produzir hidrocarbonetos a partir de biomassa.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994029410A1 (fr) * 1993-06-04 1994-12-22 Biokat Corporation Gazeification de combustibles solides a faible valeur calorifique dans le but de produire de l'energie electrique
BR112013001313B1 (pt) * 2010-07-20 2018-12-26 Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd. método e aparelho para pirólise de biomassa a baixa temperatura e gaseificação de biomassa a alta temperatura
BR112013001315B1 (pt) * 2010-07-20 2019-03-26 Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd. Método e aparelho para a pirólise e gaseificação da biomassa através de dois fornos interligados
CN102703098A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2012-10-03 东南大学 生物质制取生物油的装置及其方法
BR112020006139A2 (pt) * 2017-10-13 2020-10-13 Cortus Ab processo e aparelho para produzir hidrocarbonetos a partir de biomassa.

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