WO2023173558A1 - 弹性牵引系统 - Google Patents

弹性牵引系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023173558A1
WO2023173558A1 PCT/CN2022/090967 CN2022090967W WO2023173558A1 WO 2023173558 A1 WO2023173558 A1 WO 2023173558A1 CN 2022090967 W CN2022090967 W CN 2022090967W WO 2023173558 A1 WO2023173558 A1 WO 2023173558A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
traction
elastic
connecting rod
bow
traction wheel
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/090967
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱罡
许珂
安兴忠
白川
穆克文
田伟
Original Assignee
北京罗森博特科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 北京罗森博特科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京罗森博特科技有限公司
Priority to US18/558,003 priority Critical patent/US20240245433A1/en
Publication of WO2023173558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023173558A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/66—Alignment, compression or distraction mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6408—Devices not permitting mobility, e.g. fixed to bed, with or without means for traction or reduction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6441—Bilateral fixators, i.e. with both ends of pins or wires clamped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00407—Ratchet means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
    • A61B2017/00862—Material properties elastic or resilient

Definitions

  • the orthopedic lower limb traction system also known as the orthopedic traction frame
  • the orthopedic traction frame is a basic equipment in the orthopedic operating room. It can be connected to the operating bed to support the patient's body during orthopedic lower limb traction surgery and traction and reduction of the affected lower limb.
  • the structure of the traditional orthopedic lower limb traction system is too complex and takes up a large space around the operating bed, making it inconvenient for medical staff to perform surgical operations.
  • Most of the current orthopedic traction frames are manual traction, which is inconvenient to operate.
  • existing traction bows are basically rigid traction.
  • the traction wire is directly connected to the traction bow, and the traction mechanism pulls the traction bow through the traction wire, thereby pulling the distal end of the fracture.
  • rigid traction is not convenient for doctors to perform reduction operations.
  • the existing traction bow cannot well meet the needs of surgical operations.
  • the existing traction bow has a single function, poor flexibility, cannot quickly adjust the tension of the traction bow, and is very inconvenient to operate.
  • an elastic traction system including:
  • a connecting rod is connected to the output shaft of the driving mechanism and rotates with the output shaft;
  • Elastic draw bow attached to the draw line.
  • a tension puller bow has one end connected to the other end of the elastomer.
  • the elastic body includes an outer cylinder and an elastic member, wherein one end of the outer cylinder is provided with a movable part, the movable part is connected to the traction line, and the other end of the outer cylinder is provided with a connection part, the tension pulling bow is connected to the connecting part;
  • the elastic member is arranged in the outer cylinder, with one end fixedly connected to the connecting part and the other end fixedly connected to the movable part.
  • connection part includes:
  • the outer barrel of the interface is slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner barrel of the interface;
  • a plurality of steel balls are arranged between the inner cylinder of the interface and the outer cylinder of the interface and partially enter the through hole;
  • the steel balls When the outer cylinder of the interface slides relative to the inner cylinder of the interface, the steel balls extend into the interior of the inner cylinder of the interface or withdraw from the interior of the inner cylinder of the interface.
  • a locking mechanism is provided on the outside of the interface outer cylinder for locking the interface outer cylinder.
  • the activity part includes:
  • the flip cover is releasably assembled on the movable part. When the flip cover is opened, the slot is exposed. A wire slot is formed between the flip cover and the movable part body.
  • tension traction bow includes:
  • a pair of symmetrically arranged bow arms, the end of each bow arm is provided with a connecting portion connected to the bone needle;
  • a pair of tension arms symmetrically arranged near the front end of the bow arm, with one end of each tension arm rotatably connected to the bow arm;
  • Adjustment mechanism the two ends of the adjustment mechanism are respectively movably connected to the other ends of the pair of tension arms, and are used to adjust the relative or reverse movement of the pair of tension arms.
  • the adjustment mechanism includes:
  • a ratchet shaft is provided with ratchet teeth on the outside. Both ends of the ratchet shaft are movably connected to the other ends of the pair of tension arms.
  • the ratchet shaft is connected to the connecting arm through a sleeve;
  • the ratchet wrench is movably connected to the ratchet shaft through a sleeve.
  • the ratchet wrench is provided with a pawl, and the pawl can mesh with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet shaft.
  • the ratchet includes a first ratchet tooth and a second ratchet tooth.
  • the ratchet shaft can be rotated by rotating the ratchet wrench. One-way rotation counterclockwise or clockwise.
  • it also includes a pair of connectors, one end of which is movably connected to the other end of the pair of tension arms in the form of a rotating shaft, and the other end is provided with an internal thread hole or an external thread rod, and the thread directions of the two connectors are opposite;
  • the end of the ratchet shaft is provided with a section of externally threaded rod or internally threaded hole.
  • the thread directions at both ends are opposite.
  • the externally threaded rod or internally threaded hole is threadedly connected with the internally threaded hole or externally threaded rod respectively.
  • ratchet teeth are arranged in the middle of the ratchet shaft
  • the ratchet wrench is movably connected to the ratchet shaft through two wrench sleeves, the ratchet teeth are located in the middle of the two wrench sleeves, and the ratchet pawl is arranged in the middle of the ratchet wrench, corresponding to the ratchet teeth.
  • the ratchet wrench also includes:
  • the pawl shaft is rotatably arranged on the pawl shaft
  • the top block is arranged in the spring cavity of the ratchet wrench.
  • the outer end of the top block is pressed against the back of the pawl for pawl limitation.
  • the other end of the top block is provided with a spring.
  • connection part includes:
  • the clamp base is set on the bow arm
  • the clamp upper seat is correspondingly arranged on the upper side of the clamp base;
  • a needle groove is provided on the clamp base and/or the clamp upper seat.
  • the needle groove is provided on the front side of the screw.
  • clamp base is movably provided on the bow arm.
  • the traction system includes a retaining portion for maintaining the traction system in a stable state.
  • the retaining portion may comprise connecting means and/or supporting means.
  • the driving mechanism includes a worm gear mechanism, one end of the worm is connected to the handle, and the axis of the turbine is connected to the output shaft.
  • the traction system also includes:
  • the telescopic shaft is telescopically connected between the output shaft and the connecting rod.
  • the driving mechanism is provided on a base, the base is provided with two telescopic legs, and the upper end of the bracket is provided with a bed clamp.
  • annular sleeve is provided on the bracket, and the end of the telescopic shaft and the connecting rod are clamped in the annular sleeve.
  • the connecting rod may include a plurality of parts connected in series.
  • the traction wheels include:
  • the traction wheel body has a circular through hole in the middle;
  • Wire trough arranged on the outer circumference of the traction wheel body
  • a rotating clamping part for rotatably clamping the traction wheel on the connecting rod
  • the rotational engaging portion includes a plurality of elastic heads evenly distributed around the circular through hole, and the elastic heads can retractably extend into the circular through hole.
  • the rotational engaging portion includes:
  • Multiple spring cavities are evenly distributed around the circular through hole, penetrating the traction wheel body and communicating with the circular through hole;
  • Multiple springs are respectively arranged in multiple spring cavities
  • Multiple elastic heads are respectively arranged in multiple spring cavities, with one end extending into the circular through hole and the other end in contact with the spring;
  • a plurality of covers are provided on the traction wheel body to seal the spring chamber.
  • the fixed locking portion is a locking groove, which is provided at the bottom of the traction wheel body.
  • the traction wheels also include:
  • a swivel ring is rotatably provided on the traction wheel body and coaxial with the circular through hole;
  • the traction wheel also includes a wire clamping groove, which is elastically provided on the traction wheel body and is used to clamp the traction wire between the side of the traction wheel body and the wire clamping groove.
  • the head of the elastic head is hemispherical.
  • the traction wheel body has a cylindrical shape.
  • the wire groove is an annular groove.
  • the driving mechanism includes a motor and a reducer, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the connecting rod through the reducer.
  • the torque tester is connected between the reducer and the connecting rod through a coupling
  • the control unit is electrically connected to the torque tester and the motor.
  • the legs are electric push rods, and are electrically connected with the control unit.
  • the elastic traction system of the present invention has a simple structure.
  • An elastic body can be provided at the front end of the traction line to connect various traction tools.
  • the other end of the traction line is wrapped around the traction wheel, and the traction wheel is driven to rotate through the traction system, thereby completing the traction operation.
  • the elastic traction system of the present invention can be driven manually or driven by a motor.
  • the operation is easy and labor-saving, and a torque tester can be set up to accurately control the traction force and improve the safety of the traction operation.
  • the height of the stand can be adjusted to adapt to different operating table heights.
  • the traction wheel of the present invention can realize two connection states on the connecting rod by arranging the rotating snap-in part and the fixed snap-in part, and the two connection states can be freely switched.
  • the traction wheel When the traction wheel is rotated and engaged, the traction wheel can rotate on the connecting rod to facilitate line pay-off and take-up.
  • the traction wheel When the traction wheel is fixedly clamped, the traction wheel is clamped on the connecting rod and cannot rotate relative to the connecting rod but can rotate with the connecting rod. At this time, it can be used to implement traction.
  • the traction wheel of the present invention is provided with a baffle to block the outside of the wire trough to prevent the traction wire from popping out of the wire trough.
  • the traction wheel is also provided with a wire clamping groove, which is used to block the end of the traction wire after the wire is taken up to prevent the traction wire from loosening and spreading out.
  • the elastic traction bow of the present invention realizes elastic traction in fracture reduction surgery by adding elastomers, provides elastic movement space for surgical operations, and greatly facilitates doctors to perform various reduction operations during the traction process.
  • the elastic body of the present invention is detachably connected to the traction bow. If there is no need to use the elastic body, the traction wire can be directly connected to the traction bow, providing doctors with more ways to use the instrument. There is a quick interface between the elastomer and the traction bow, which is easy to install and disassemble. It also has a locking structure, making the connection safe and reliable.
  • the traction bow of the present invention is a tension traction bow.
  • the tension arm can be adjusted conveniently, thereby adjusting the tension of the traction bow.
  • a ratchet wrench that can rotate in both directions, the tension of the towing bow can be easily adjusted, especially during the towing process, the tension can be adjusted at will.
  • the clamp base and the clamp upper seat By arranging the clamp base and the clamp upper seat, the bone spicules can be easily clamped, and the bone spicules can be ensured not to loosen when the tension is increased.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the manual traction system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural diagram of the manual traction system of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the worm gear mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric traction system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric traction system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic connection diagram of the elastic traction bow according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection state between the elastic body and the connecting rod according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a connecting rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elastic body and the connecting rod according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elastomer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elastomer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the flip-open state of the movable part according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a tension traction bow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a tension traction bow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ratchet mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a connecting rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the traction wheel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the traction wheel assembled on the connecting rod according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the traction wheel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the traction wheel and the connecting rod in a rotationally engaged state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the traction wheel and the connecting rod in a fixed and engaged state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 300 ratchet wrench 301 bow arm, 302 clamp base, 303 clamp upper seat, 304 knob, 305 screw, 306 tension arm, 307 connecting arm, 308 bushing, 309 cap, 310 spring, 311 top block, 312 pawl, 313 Pawl shaft, 314 ratchet teeth, 315A first pawl tooth, 315B second pawl tooth, 316 connector, 317 ratchet shaft, 318 spring cavity, 319 first position, 320 second position;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium
  • it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the invention provides an elastic traction system, which includes: a driving mechanism for providing traction power; a connecting rod connected to the output shaft of the driving mechanism and rotating with the output shaft; and a traction wheel arranged on the connecting rod.
  • the end of the traction wheel can rotate with the connecting rod, and the traction wheel is connected with a traction line; the elastic traction bow is connected to the traction line.
  • the elastic traction bow of the present invention may include: an elastic body with one end connected to the traction wire; and a traction bow with one end connected to the other end of the elastic body.
  • the elastic body includes an outer cylinder and an elastic piece, wherein one end of the outer cylinder is provided with a movable part, the movable part is connected to the traction wire, and the other end of the outer cylinder is provided with a connection part, and the traction bow is connected to the connection part , the elastic member is arranged in the outer cylinder, one end is fixedly connected to the connecting part, and the other end is fixedly connected to the movable part.
  • the elastic member is connected between the movable part and the connecting part. The movement of the movable part relative to the outer cylinder needs to overcome the elastic force of the elastic member.
  • the elastic force of the elastic member can be selected according to surgical needs.
  • it also includes an inner cylinder disposed in the outer cylinder, one end of the inner cylinder is connected to the movable part, and the elastic member is disposed in the inner cylinder.
  • the inner cylinder When the movable part moves away from the outer cylinder under the action of traction force, the inner cylinder will move together with the movable part, and part of the inner cylinder will protrude from the outer cylinder without exposing the elastic member.
  • connection part is a quick interface, including: an inner barrel of the interface, with a plurality of through holes evenly arranged along the outer circumference; an outer barrel of the interface, slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner barrel of the interface; a plurality of steel balls, arranged on the interface Between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the interface, part of the through hole enters; when the outer cylinder of the interface slides relative to the inner cylinder of the interface, the steel ball extends into the interior of the inner cylinder of the interface, or withdraws from the interior of the inner cylinder of the interface.
  • the inner wall of the interface outer cylinder is provided with an inclined portion and a parallel portion, and the incline and parallel portions are relative to the outer wall of the interface inner cylinder.
  • An interface spring is provided at the rear of the interface outer cylinder to provide pre-thrust force for the interface outer cylinder, so that the interface outer cylinder is in a locked position and its end extends out of the end of the interface inner cylinder.
  • the steel ball is located between the through hole of the inner cylinder of the interface and the inclined part of the outer cylinder of the interface. The steel ball is squeezed by the inclined part and partially extends into the inner cylinder of the interface.
  • the interface outer cylinder When the interface outer cylinder slides relative to the interface inner cylinder, the interface outer cylinder resists the elastic force of the interface spring and moves to the unlocking position. At this time, the end of the interface outer cylinder is flush with the end of the interface inner cylinder, and the inclined part no longer squeezes the steel ball. , the steel ball is located between the parallel part and the through hole, and the part of the steel ball that extends into the inner barrel of the interface can be retracted. When the interface outer cylinder is released, the interface outer cylinder returns to the locked position under the elastic force of the interface spring.
  • One end of the connecting rod is provided with an annular slot.
  • the annular slot corresponds to the position of the through hole of the inner barrel of the interface and extends into the inner barrel of the interface.
  • the steel balls are clamped in the annular slot.
  • the connecting rod push the outer cylinder of the interface to the unlocking position.
  • the steel ball is retracted from the through hole of the inner cylinder of the interface.
  • the insertion end of the connecting rod can be inserted into the inner cylinder of the interface, and the outer cylinder of the interface is released. Under the elastic force of the interface spring, the outer cylinder of the interface returns to the locking position.
  • the steel ball under the squeeze of the inclined part, partially extends into the inner cylinder of the interface and is stuck in the annular groove of the connecting rod, completing the assembly.
  • the locking structure can be a locking sleeve, which is threadedly connected to the outer barrel.
  • the locking sleeve can be tightened. At this time, the outer barrel of the interface cannot slide.
  • the movable part may include a flip cover, which is releasably assembled on the movable part.
  • a card slot is exposed.
  • the card slot is located in the body of the movable part and is used to connect the traction line.
  • a clamp block is installed at one end of the traction line. Insert the card block into the card slot to complete the connection between the pulling wire and the movable part, which is easy to operate.
  • a wire trough is formed between the flip cover and the main body of the movable part, and the wire trough is connected with the card slot to facilitate the insertion of the pulling wire.
  • the tension traction bow of the present invention includes: a pair of symmetrically arranged bow arms, the end of each bow arm is provided with a connecting portion connected to the bone needle; the connecting arm is rotatably connected to the front end of each bow arm; a pair of tension arms , symmetrically arranged near the front end of the bow arm, one end of each tension arm is rotatably connected to the bow arm; an adjustment mechanism, the two ends of the adjustment mechanism are respectively movably connected to the other ends of the pair of tension arms , used to adjust the relative or reverse movement of a pair of tension arms.
  • the tension-drawing bow of the present invention adjusts the movement direction of a pair of tension arms through an adjustment mechanism, and can adjust the opening and retraction of the bow arms, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the tension.
  • the end of the ratchet shaft is provided with a section of externally threaded rod or internally threaded hole, and the threads at both ends are in opposite directions.
  • the end of the tension arm is provided with a movable connector, and the connector is provided with an internal threaded hole or an externally threaded rod, which is threadedly connected to the externally threaded rod or internally threaded hole at the end of the ratchet shaft. Therefore, when the ratchet shaft rotates in one direction, it can drive a pair of tension arms to move toward each other; when the ratchet shaft rotates in the opposite direction, it can drive a pair of tension arms to move in opposite directions.
  • a top block is provided to limit the position of the ratchet pawl.
  • the top block can be pressed against the first position or the second position of the back of the ratchet pawl.
  • the top block is pressed against the first position, the first ratchet teeth and the ratchet teeth
  • the top block is in the second position, the second ratchet teeth mesh with the ratchet teeth.
  • the top block is elastically arranged, so it is easy to switch the top block between the first position and the second position by turning the ratchet, thereby switching the rotation direction of the ratchet shaft, thereby completing the increase or decrease of the tension. Small.
  • connection part includes: a clamp base, arranged on the bow arm; a clamp upper seat, correspondingly arranged on the upper side of the clamp base; a knob and a screw, the knob is arranged at one end of the screw, and the screw passes through the clamp upper seat Attached to the base of the clamp. You can turn the knob to drive the screw to rotate to fasten the upper clamp base to the clamp base, or rotate the screw in the opposite direction to make the upper clamp base separate from the clamp base, making it easier to clamp or remove the bone spicule.
  • the clamp base and/or the clamp upper seat are provided with needle grooves to facilitate the fixation of the bone spicules and prevent the bone spicules from being easily displaced during the traction process.
  • the needle groove is arranged on the front side of the screw rod, that is, the side close to the traction bow. Therefore, even if the bone needle breaks away from the needle groove during traction, it will be blocked by the screw rod and will not break away from the traction bow.
  • the clamp base is movably arranged on the bow arm.
  • the clamp base can be rotated at a certain angle or moved forward and backward a certain distance, so that when the bone spicules are offset or skewed, the clamp base can still be adjusted so that the bone spicules can be placed in the needle grooves.
  • the upper clamp base and the screw rod are assembled on the clamp base and can be adjusted synchronously with the clamp base, so the clamp base and the upper clamp base can be aligned and clamped.
  • the traction wheel includes: a traction wheel body with a circular through hole in the middle; a wire groove provided on the outer circumference of the traction wheel body; and a rotational engaging portion for rotatably connecting the traction wheel. It is clamped on the connecting rod; the fixed clamping part is used to non-rotatably clamp the traction wheel on the connecting rod.
  • the traction wheel of the present invention can realize two connection states on the connecting rod by arranging the rotating snap-in part and the fixed snap-in part, and the two connection states can be freely switched.
  • the traction wheel When the traction wheel is rotated and engaged, the traction wheel can rotate on the connecting rod to facilitate line pay-off and take-up.
  • the traction wheel When the traction wheel is fixedly clamped, the traction wheel is clamped on the connecting rod and cannot rotate relative to the connecting rod but can rotate with the connecting rod. At this time, it can be used to implement traction.
  • the connecting rod is cylindrical and can match the circular through hole of the traction wheel, and the traction wheel is assembled on the connecting rod through the circular through hole.
  • the end of the connecting rod is provided with a first annular groove, a second annular groove and a tenon in sequence from top to bottom.
  • the rotational engaging portion includes a plurality of elastic heads evenly distributed around the circular through hole, and the elastic heads can retractably extend into the circular through hole.
  • the elastic head extends into the circular through hole and can be clamped in the first annular groove or the second annular groove.
  • the elastic head is in an elastically stretchable state, so it can switch between the first annular groove and the second annular groove.
  • the elastic head retracts and breaks away from the first annular groove.
  • the traction wheel moves downward along the connecting rod.
  • the elastic head moves to the second annular groove, the elastic head stretches out and snaps into place on the second annular groove. inside the two annular grooves.
  • the elastic head is pulled upward, the elastic head can be detached from the second annular groove.
  • the elastic head moves to the first annular groove, the elastic head stretches out and is locked in the first annular groove.
  • the rotational engaging portion includes a plurality of spring cavities, evenly distributed around the circular through hole, and the spring cavity can be formed by opening from the traction wheel body to the circular through hole in the middle.
  • a spring is installed in the spring cavity, the front end of the spring is provided with an elastic head, the rear end of the spring is against the cover, and the cover is installed on the traction wheel body to seal the spring cavity.
  • the front end of the elastic head can penetrate deep into the circular through hole.
  • the elastic head can retract into the spring cavity.
  • the traction wheel further includes a swivel ring, which can be disposed on the upper end surface of the traction wheel, can be coaxial with the circular through hole, and can rotate relative to the traction wheel.
  • the baffle is connected to the swivel and is located on the outside of the trunking. During the process of taking up and paying out the line, the traction wheel rotates. Since the baffle blocks the outside of the line trough, it can prevent the traction line from popping out of the line trough. Since the baffle can rotate relative to the traction wheel by being connected to the swivel, the baffle will not hinder the line take-up and pay-out operations.
  • the traction wheel further includes a wire clamping groove, a slot can be formed on the upper end surface of the traction wheel body, and one end opening of the wire clamping groove is connected to the wire trough.
  • the clamping slot is used to clamp the end of the pulling wire.
  • the wire clamping groove can be elastically assembled with the side of the traction wheel. When the wire needs to be clamped, pull out the wire clamping slot, put the traction wire into the wire clamping slot, release the wire clamping slot, and the wire clamping slot will be pulled out by the elastic pulling force. The bottom will be close to the side of the traction wheel, thereby clamping the traction line. The traction line and the traction wheel need to be disinfected before the traction operation.
  • the traction line is wrapped in the groove of the traction wheel.
  • the traction line is usually a steel wire rope, which is very elastic, so it is easy to loosen, making it inconvenient for disinfection operations.
  • the traction wire By clamping the end of the traction wire in the wire slot and fixing it, the traction wire can be wound up neatly, which facilitates the disinfection operation.
  • the traction wire fixing part there is a pulling wire fixing part in the wire trough.
  • One end of the traction wire is fixedly connected to the wire trough, the traction wire is wound in the wire trough, and the other end can be connected to the traction bow.
  • the traction system of the present invention is driven by a motor.
  • the motor drives the connecting rod to rotate, driving the traction wheel to rotate, thereby tightening the traction line and completing the traction.
  • the driving mechanism includes a motor and a reducer, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the connecting rod through the reducer.
  • the height of the traction system of the present invention is adjustable, and specifically includes two or more outriggers.
  • the outriggers are preferably electric push rods and are electrically connected to the control unit.
  • the length of the electric actuator can be controlled so that the upper end of the bracket is connected to the operating table through the bed clamp, and the legs are supported on the ground to maintain connection and support functions.
  • the electric traction system further includes a torque tester, which is connected between the output shaft and the connecting rod through a coupling, and the torque tester is electrically connected to the control unit.
  • a torque tester which is connected between the output shaft and the connecting rod through a coupling, and the torque tester is electrically connected to the control unit.
  • the bracket and the base of the present invention are connected together, and more than two universal wheels can be provided on the base to facilitate the movement of the electric traction system.
  • the universal wheels can be locked.
  • the bracket is provided with an annular sleeve, and the end of the telescopic shaft and the connecting rod are clamped in the annular sleeve.
  • the position of the annular sleeve is lower than the position of the bed clamp, and the connecting rod above the annular sleeve is detachable.
  • the bed clamp is the highest point of the traction system.
  • the bed clamp of the traction system is connected to the operating bed board, and the part below it does not need to be sterilized.
  • the bed clamp and part of the bracket are covered with sterilized sheets to achieve the sterile area requirements above the bed surface.
  • the connecting rod may comprise a plurality of parts connected in series.
  • the connecting rods can be connected in series in a multi-section pluggable manner.
  • the single connecting rod should not be too long, and each connecting rod should be easily put into a sterilization container for disinfection.
  • the electric traction system includes a controller, which can be electrically connected to the control unit in a wireless or wired manner.
  • the controller includes a display screen and control buttons, which can be mechanical buttons or touch buttons.
  • the display screen can display the traction force value in real time, and the traction force value can be calculated based on the torque value measured by the torque tester.
  • the controller is equipped with an emergency stop button that can stop the electric traction system with one click.
  • the driving mechanism may be manually driven.
  • the driving mechanism includes a worm gear mechanism, one end of the worm is connected to the handle, and the axis of the turbine is connected to the output shaft.
  • the worm gear is matched with a simple and reliable structure.
  • the output shaft can be rotated by manually turning the worm gear.
  • the worm gear is connected to the output shaft through a universal coupling.
  • the handle and the worm can be connected through a ratchet mechanism, and the ratchet mechanism can be bidirectionally adjustable, so that by adjusting the ratchet mechanism, the rotation direction of the worm driven by the handle can be easily adjusted to increase or reduce the traction force.
  • the traction system further includes: a base, a bracket and a telescopic rod, the telescopic rod being telescopically connected between the base and the bracket; a telescopic shaft telescopically connected between the output shaft and the connecting rod.
  • the height of the traction system of the present invention is adjustable. Specifically, a telescopic rod is provided between the bracket and the base, preferably two parallel telescopic rods. Adjust the length of the telescopic rod so that the upper end of the bracket is connected to the operating table through the bed clamp and the base is supported on the ground. Then lock the telescopic rod to maintain the connection and support functions.
  • a telescopic shaft is set at one end of the output shaft, and the length of the telescopic shaft can be adjusted to meet application scenarios of different heights.
  • an outer shaft cylinder and an inner shaft cylinder can be set, and the inner shaft cylinder is assembled inside the outer shaft cylinder, relative to the outer shaft.
  • the barrel cannot rotate but can telescopically move along the axis.
  • One end of the outer shaft barrel can be connected to the output shaft, and one end of the inner shaft barrel can be connected to the connecting rod, thereby ensuring that the driving force of the output shaft is transmitted to the connecting rod.
  • the telescopic shaft is connected to the connecting rod through a universal coupling.
  • the driving mechanism is provided on the base, the base is provided with two telescopic legs, and the upper end of the bracket is provided with a bed clamp. More than two universal wheels can also be provided on the base to facilitate moving the traction system. When the traction system moves to the traction position, the universal wheels can be locked.
  • the legs can be lowered and supported to the ground to make the base of the traction system more stable.
  • the legs are telescopic structures and are provided with leg knobs for locking or loosening the legs. When using, first loosen the outrigger knobs, adjust the outriggers to be stably supported on the ground, and then lock the outrigger knobs to maintain the support status of the outriggers.
  • the traction bow on the patient's traction site, insert the connecting rod into the annular sleeve, and rotate the traction wheel to connect to the connecting rod. At this time, the traction wheel can rotate around the connecting rod, making it easier to lead the traction line from the traction wheel to the traction bow. . Then, the traction wheel is fixedly clamped on the connecting rod. At this time, the traction wheel is fixed and cannot rotate relative to the connecting rod. The driving mechanism is started to output the driving force to the connecting rod, thereby causing the connecting rod to rotate.
  • the traction wheel rotates together with the connecting rod, and the traction wire is wrapped in the groove of the traction wheel, thereby tightening the traction wire, and the traction operation of the patient's part is realized through the traction bow at the front end.
  • the driving mechanism is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction, and the output shaft drives the connecting rod to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the traction wheel rotates in the opposite direction, and the traction line is released from the traction wheel.
  • the traction line can be separated from the traction bow.
  • rotate the traction wheel to the connecting rod rotate the traction wheel to take up the line, and clamp the end of the traction line in the line slot.
  • the traction system of this embodiment includes a connecting rod 4, the upper end of which is equipped with a traction wheel 1, and the traction wire 19 is wound around the traction wheel 1.
  • One end of the traction bow 3 is connected to a connecting arm 20 for connecting to the elastic body 2, and the other end of the elastic body 2 is connected to the traction wire 19.
  • the connecting arm 20 is detachably connected between the traction bow 3 and the elastic body 2 .
  • the connecting rod 4 is plugged into the annular sleeve 18.
  • the connecting rod has two sections, which are plugged together in series.
  • the bed clamp 5 is arranged at the end of the bracket 6, and the annular sleeve 18 is arranged on the bracket 6 at a position lower than the bed clamp 5.
  • a telescopic rod 21 is provided between the bracket 6 and the base 14.
  • Two universal wheels 10 and two legs 9 are provided on the base 14.
  • the legs 9 are telescopic structures and include locking and loosening levers.
  • the bed clamp 5, the support legs 9 and the universal wheel 10 can form a holding part for maintaining a stable state during operation of the traction system.
  • the driving mechanism is arranged on the base 14 .
  • it is a manual driving mechanism, including a matching worm gear 24 and a worm 23 .
  • One end of the worm 23 is connected to the handle 26 .
  • the worm gear 24 is connected to the output shaft 27 through a coupling.
  • the telescopic shaft 25 is telescopically connected to the output shaft 27.
  • the telescopic shaft 25 cannot rotate relative to the output shaft 27 but can telescopically move along the axial direction.
  • the telescopic shaft 25 is connected to the connecting rod 4 through a coupling 12 .
  • the operating handle 26 rotates the worm 23 to drive the worm wheel 24 to rotate, so that the output shaft 27 rotates and drives the connecting rod 4 to rotate, completing the driving force transmission.
  • the elastic traction system of this embodiment is electrically driven and includes a connecting rod 4.
  • the upper end is equipped with a traction wheel 1, and the traction wire 19 is wound around the traction wheel 1.
  • the other end of the pulling wire 19 is connected to the elastic body 2 .
  • the connecting rod 4 is plugged into the annular sleeve 18.
  • the connecting rod has two sections, which are plugged together in series.
  • the bed clamp 5 is arranged at the end of the bracket 6, and the annular sleeve 18 is arranged on the bracket 6 at a position lower than the bed clamp 5.
  • the bracket 6 and the base 14 are vertically connected together.
  • the motor 11 is arranged on the base 14.
  • the output shaft of the motor 11 is connected to the reducer 13.
  • the output shaft of the reducer 13 is vertically upward and connected to the torque tester 8 through the coupling 12.
  • the other end of the torque tester 8 passes through the coupling.
  • the device 7 is connected to one end of the transmission shaft 17, and the other end of the transmission shaft 17 is located in the annular sleeve 18, and is clamped with the connecting rod 4 in the annular sleeve 18.
  • Three universal wheels 10 are provided on the base 14 .
  • Two outriggers 9 are provided on both sides of the traction system, and the outriggers 9 have an electric push rod structure.
  • the control unit 15 is arranged on the bracket 6 and is electrically connected to the torque tester 8 through the signal line 16 .
  • the control unit 15 is electrically connected to the motor 11 and the support leg 9 respectively. According to the height of the operating table, the control unit 15 can be used to control the height of the support legs 9 so that the bed clamp 5 is clamped on the bed board. At this time, the support legs 9 are supported on the ground.
  • the bed clamp 5 and the legs 9 can form a holding part for maintaining a stable state during operation of the traction system.
  • one end of the elastic traction bow 3 is connected to a connecting arm 20 for connecting to the elastic body 2.
  • the other end of the elastic body 2 is connected to the traction wire 19, and the traction wire 19 can be connected to the traction system.
  • the connecting arm 20 is detachably connected between the traction bow 3 and the elastic body 2 .
  • the draw bow 3 includes a ratchet wrench 300 for adjusting tension.
  • the ratchet wrench 300 can be adjusted in two directions, so it is convenient to adjust the tension.
  • the elastic body 2 includes an outer cylinder 201, which is cylindrical.
  • a movable part 203 is provided at one end of the outer cylinder 201, and a flip cover 215 is provided on the movable part 302.
  • a connecting ring 205 is provided at the end of the movable part 203, which can be used to connect the pulling wire 19.
  • the other end of the elastic body 2 is provided with a connecting portion, and the connecting arm 20 is inserted into the connecting portion.
  • a locking sleeve 207 is provided on the outside of the connecting part.
  • one end of the connecting arm 20 is provided with a connecting head 218 for connecting to the traction bow 3 , and the other end is provided with an annular slot 219 for connecting to the connection interface of the elastic body 2 .
  • the connector has a U-shaped structure and is provided with connection holes 220 on the upper and lower side walls respectively.
  • the elastic body 2 includes a spring 204, which is arranged in the outer cylinder 201. One end is fixedly connected to the connecting part through a spring hanging point 206, and the other end is fixedly connected to the movable part 203 through a spring hanging point 212.
  • the elastic body 2 also includes an inner cylinder 202, which is disposed inside the outer cylinder 201. One end of the inner cylinder 202 is connected to the movable part 203, and the spring 204 is partially disposed in the inner cylinder 202.
  • the connection part of the elastic body 2 includes an interface inner cylinder 209 and an interface outer cylinder 213.
  • the interface outer cylinder 213 is sleeved on the outside of the interface inner cylinder 209.
  • the interface inner cylinder 209 is evenly provided with a plurality of through holes along the outer circumference.
  • the steel ball 211 is disposed between the interface inner cylinder 209 and the interface outer cylinder 213, and partially enters the through hole. When the interface outer cylinder 213 slides relative to the interface inner cylinder 209 , the steel ball 211 can extend into the interior of the interface inner cylinder 209 or withdraw from the interior of the interface inner cylinder 209 .
  • the inner wall of the interface outer cylinder 213 is provided with an inclined portion 210 and a parallel portion, and the two are naturally transitionally connected.
  • An interface spring 208 is provided at the rear of the interface outer cylinder 213 to provide pre-thrust force for the interface outer cylinder 213.
  • the steel ball 211 is located between the through hole of the interface inner cylinder 209 and the inclined part 210 of the interface outer cylinder 213.
  • the steel ball 211 is squeezed by the inclined part 210 and partially extends into the interface inner cylinder 209.
  • the interface outer cylinder 213 resists the elastic force of the interface spring 208 and moves to the unlocking position.
  • the inclined part 210 of the interface outer cylinder 213 no longer squeezes the steel ball 211, and the steel ball 211 is in a parallel position. Between the bottom and the through hole, the part of the steel ball 211 that extends into the inner barrel 209 of the interface can be retracted.
  • annular slot 219 is provided at one end of the connecting arm 20.
  • the annular slot 219 is inserted into the interface inner barrel 209.
  • the annular slot 219 corresponds to the position of the through hole of the interface inner barrel 209 and extends into the connecting arm 20.
  • the steel ball 211 inside the interface inner cylinder 209 is clamped in the annular slot 219.
  • the locking sleeve 207 is set on the outside of the interface outer cylinder 213 and is threadedly connected to the outer cylinder 201.
  • the locking sleeve 207 is rotated to lock the interface out.
  • the barrel 213 is locked to prevent the outer barrel 213 of the interface from sliding and causing the connecting arm 20 to detach due to misoperation.
  • the movable part 203 includes a flip cover 215.
  • One end of the flip cover 215 is pivotally connected to the movable part 203, and the other end of the flip cover 215 is openably clamped on the movable part.
  • the clamping end is provided with a locking hole 217 for locking the flip cover. 215.
  • the flip cover 215 When the flip cover 215 is closed, the movable part 203 and the flip cover 215 have a cylindrical shape.
  • the card slot 204 and the wire slot 216 provided inside the movable part 203 can be exposed.
  • One end of the wire slot 216 is connected with the card slot 204 and the other end is connected with the wire hole on the surface of the movable part 203 .
  • the card slot 204 is used to facilitate the connection of the pulling wire 19 .
  • the traction bow 3 includes a pair of symmetrically arranged bow arms 301, and a clamp base 302 is provided at the end of each bow arm 301.
  • the front end of the bow arm 301 has an arc shape, and the connecting arm 307 is rotatably connected to the front ends of the two bow arms 301.
  • the connecting arm 307 is connected to the connecting head 218 of the connecting arm 20.
  • a pair of tension arms 306 are symmetrically arranged.
  • One end of each tension arm 306 is rotatably connected to the bow arm 301.
  • the other end of the tension arm 306 is rotatably connected to a connector 316.
  • the connector 316 is rotatably connected to the bow arm 301.
  • One end of 316 is connected to the tension arm 306 in the form of a rotating shaft, and the other end is provided with an externally threaded rod. The threading directions of the externally threaded rods of the two connectors 316 are opposite.
  • the ratchet shaft 317 is connected to the connecting arm 307 through a sleeve 308.
  • the two ends of the ratchet shaft 317 are respectively provided with internal threaded holes, and the thread directions at the two ends are opposite.
  • the internal threaded hole is threadedly connected to the externally threaded rod of the connector 316 .
  • Ratchet teeth 314 are provided on the outside of the ratchet shaft 317 .
  • the ratchet teeth 314 are located in the middle of the ratchet shaft 317 and surround the ratchet shaft 317 .
  • the ratchet wrench 300 is connected to the ratchet shaft 317 through two wrench sleeves 321, so that the ratchet wrench 300 can rotate around the ratchet shaft 317.
  • a pawl 312 is provided in the middle of the ratchet wrench 300, corresponding to the position of the ratchet teeth 314.
  • a clamp base 302 is provided near the end of the bow arm 301, and the clamp base 302 is movably provided on the bow arm 301.
  • the clamp base 302 is provided with a needle groove, and the surface of the needle groove can be provided with texture to increase friction.
  • the clamp upper seat 303 is correspondingly arranged on the upper surface of the clamp base 302.
  • the knob 304 is connected to one end of the screw rod 305.
  • the screw rod 305 passes through the clamp upper seat 303 and is connected to the clamp base 302.
  • the bone needle can be placed in the needle groove of the clamp base 302, and the upper clamp base 303 can be tightly connected to the clamp base 302 by turning the knob 304, thereby clamping the bone needle.
  • the pawl 312 includes a first pawl tooth 315A and a second pawl tooth 315B.
  • the pawl 312 is arranged on the pawl rotating shaft 313 and can be rotated such that the first pawl tooth 315A or the second pawl tooth 315B.
  • the two ratchet teeth 315B are meshed with the ratchet teeth 314.
  • the ratchet wrench 300 is rotated to drive the ratchet shaft 317 to rotate through the ratchet 312.
  • the first ratchet teeth 315A and the second ratchet teeth 315B are used to achieve bidirectional rotation of the ratchet shaft 317 by the ratchet wrench 300 .
  • the top block 311 is used to limit the position of the pawl 312.
  • the top block 312 is pressed against the first position 319 or the second position 320 (the two pit positions in the figure) on the back of the pawl 312.
  • the top block 311 is pressed against the first
  • the push block 311 is at the second position 320
  • the first ratchet teeth 315A mesh with the ratchet teeth 314 .
  • a spring cavity 318 is provided in the middle of the ratchet wrench 300.
  • the spring 310 is arranged in the spring cavity 318.
  • the top block 311 is located at the front end of the spring 310.
  • the sealing cap 309 seals the spring cavity 318.
  • the spring 310 provides pre-thrust force for the top block 311.
  • the top block 311 is elastically arranged, so it is easy to switch the top block between the first position 319 and the second position 320 by turning the pawl 312, thereby switching the rotation direction of the ratchet shaft 317, thereby completing the increase in tension. or decrease.
  • the connecting rod 4 is cylindrical and matches the through hole 101 of the traction wheel 1.
  • the traction wheel 1 is assembled on the connecting rod 4 through the through hole 101.
  • the connecting rod 4 is provided with a first annular groove 401, a second annular groove 402 and a cross tenon 403 at its end from top to bottom.
  • the traction wheel 1 includes a traction wheel body, which is a substantially cylindrical structure with a through hole 101 in the middle.
  • the traction wheel 1 is assembled on the connecting rod 4 through the through hole 101.
  • a wire trough 103 is provided on the outer circumference of the traction wheel body.
  • One end of the traction wire 19 is fixedly connected to the wire trough 103 and the traction wire 19 is wound in the wire trough 103 .
  • a cross slot 104 is provided at the bottom of the traction wheel body, and the cross slot 104 communicates with the through hole 101 .
  • a plurality of spring cavities 108 are provided in the middle of the traction wheel body. The spring cavities 108 are opened from the traction wheel body to the through hole 101 in the middle. The plurality of spring cavities 108 are evenly distributed around the through hole 101 .
  • a spring is installed in the spring cavity 108. The front end of the spring is provided with an elastic head 102, and the rear end of the spring abuts against the cover 107. The cover 107 is installed on the traction wheel body to seal the spring cavity 108.
  • the spring provides pre-thrust force for the elastic head 102 .
  • the front end of the elastic head 102 is hemispherical and can elastically extend into the through hole 101 or retract into the spring cavity 108 .
  • the traction wheel 1 also includes a swivel ring 109 .
  • the swivel ring 109 is disposed on the upper end surface of the traction wheel 1 , is coaxial with the through hole 101 , and is rotatable relative to the traction wheel 1 .
  • the baffle 105 is connected to the swivel 109 and is located outside the wire trough 103 .
  • the traction wheel 1 and the connecting rod 4 are in a rotationally engaged state.
  • the elastic head 201 is locked in the first annular groove 401 of the connecting rod 4, and the traction wheel 1 can rotate around the connecting rod 4.
  • the pulling wire 19 rotates around the connecting rod 4 to realize the take-up and pay-off of the pulling wire 19 .
  • the traction wheel 1 and the connecting rod 4 are in a fixed locked state.
  • the elastic head 201 is locked in the second annular groove 402 of the connecting rod 4 .
  • the cross slot 104 of the traction wheel 1 is engaged with the cross tenon 403 of the connecting rod 4, so that the traction wheel 1 cannot rotate around the connecting rod 4.
  • the connecting rod 4 can rotate under the drive of the driving device, the traction wheel 1 rotates together with the connecting rod 4, and the traction wire 19 is wound around the wire groove 103 of the traction wheel 1 and continuously tightened, thereby tightening the traction bow and achieving alignment. Traction maneuvers on the patient's body.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种弹性牵引系统，包括：驱动机构，用于提供牵引动力；连接杆，与所述驱动机构的输出轴连接，随所述输出轴转动；牵引轮，设置在所述连接杆的端部，能够随连接杆转动，所述牵引轮上连接有牵引线；弹性牵引弓，连接到牵引线。本发明的弹性牵引系统结构简单，可以在牵引线前端设置弹性体，用于连接各种牵引工具，牵引线的另一端缠绕在牵引轮上，通过牵引系统带动牵引轮转动，从而完成牵引操作。本发明的弹性牵引弓，通过增加弹性体，实现了骨折复位手术的弹性牵引，为手术操作提供弹性活动空间，极大地方便了医生在牵引过程中进行各种复位操作。

Description

弹性牵引系统 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械领域，尤其涉及一种用于骨折复位手术的弹性牵引系统。
背景技术
在骨科疾病中，医生经常会采用牵引进行治疗各种病症。骨科下肢牵引系统又称为骨科牵引架，属于骨科手术室的基础设备，可与手术床连接，在骨科下肢牵引手术中支撑患者身体，并对患侧下肢进行牵引复位。但是传统的骨科下肢牵引系统结构过于复杂，在手术床周围占用了较大的空间，不方便医务人员进行手术操作。此外，在牵引过程中也容易影响C型臂对牵引复位部位进行术中摄像拍片。目前的骨科牵引架多为手动牵引，操作不便。
此外，现有的牵引弓基本上都是刚性牵引。牵引线直接连接到牵引弓，牵引机构通过牵引线拉动牵引弓，从而牵拉骨折远端。但是在一些骨折复位手术中，刚性牵引不便于医生进行复位操作。例如，在骨盆骨折复位手术中，在将患者骨折一侧下肢牵拉到一定位置后，需要使骨盆骨折端向骨盆健侧端逐渐移动，直至达到闭合位置。此时，现有的牵引弓不能很好地满足手术操作需求。此外，现有的牵引弓功能单一，灵活性差，不能快速调节牵引弓的张力大小，操作十分不方便。
因此，本领域需要设计一种新型的弹性牵引系统，便于在牵引过程中实施各种复位手术操作。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种弹性牵引系统，包括：
驱动机构，用于提供牵引动力；
连接杆，与所述驱动机构的输出轴连接，随所述输出轴转动；
牵引轮，设置在所述连接杆的端部，能够随连接杆转动，所述牵引轮上连接有牵引线；
弹性牵引弓，连接到牵引线。
进一步地，所述弹性牵引弓包括：
弹性体，一端连接到牵引线；
张力牵引弓，一端连接到所述弹性体的另一端。
进一步地，所述弹性体包括外筒体和弹性件，其中所述外筒体的一端设置有活动部，所述活动部连接到所述牵引线，所述外筒体的另一端设置有连接部，所述张力牵引弓连接到所述连接部；
所述弹性件设置在所述外筒体内，一端固定连接到连接部，另一端固定连接到活动部。
进一步地，还包括内筒体，设置在所述外筒体内，所述内筒体一端连接到所述活动部，所述弹性件设置在所述内筒体内。
进一步地，还包括连接杆，可拆卸地连接在所述弹性体与牵引弓之间，所述连接杆的一 端设置有环形卡槽。
进一步地，所述连接部包括：
接口内筒，沿外圆周均匀设置有多个通孔；
接口外筒，可滑动地套设在所述接口内筒外部；
多个钢珠，设置在所述接口内筒与接口外筒之间，部分地进入所述通孔；
所述接口外筒相对于接口内筒滑动时，所述钢珠伸入到接口内筒内部，或者从所述接口内筒内部退出。
进一步地，还包括锁止机构，设置在所述接口外筒的外部，用于锁止所述接口外筒。
进一步地，所述活动部包括：
卡槽，用于连接牵引线；
翻盖，可掀开地装配在活动部上，翻盖打开后露出所述卡槽，所述翻盖与活动部本体之间形成有线槽。
进一步地，所述张力牵引弓，包括：
对称设置的一对弓臂，每个弓臂末端设置有与骨针连接的连接部；
连接臂，与每个弓臂的前端可转动地连接；
一对张力臂，对称地设置在弓臂靠近前端的部位，每个张力臂的一端可转动地连接到弓臂上；
调整机构，所述调整机构的两端分别与所述一对张力臂的另一端活动连接，用于调整一对张力臂相向或者反向运动。
进一步地，所述调整机构包括：
棘轮轴，外部设置有棘轮齿，棘轮轴的两端分别与所述一对张力臂的另一端活动连接，所述棘轮轴通过轴套连接到所述连接臂；
棘轮扳手，通过轴套活动连接到棘轮轴上，棘轮扳手上设置有棘爪，所述棘爪能够与所述棘轮轴的棘轮齿啮合。
进一步地，所述棘爪包括第一棘爪齿和第二棘爪齿，通过转动棘爪使第一棘爪齿或第二棘爪齿与所述棘轮齿啮合，转动棘轮扳手能够实现棘轮轴逆时针或顺时针单向转动。
进一步地，还包括一对连接件，一端分别与所述一对张力臂的另一端转轴方式活动连接，另一端设置有内螺纹孔或外螺纹杆，两个连接件的螺纹方向相反；
所述棘轮轴的端部设有一段外螺纹杆或内螺纹孔，两端的螺纹方向相反，所述外螺纹杆或内螺纹孔分别与内螺纹孔或外螺纹杆螺纹连接。
进一步地，所述棘轮齿设置在棘轮轴的中部；
所述棘轮扳手通过两个扳手轴套活动连接到棘轮轴上，所述棘轮齿位于两个扳手轴套中间，所述棘爪设置在棘轮扳手的中间，与所述棘轮齿对应。
进一步地，所述棘轮扳手还包括：
棘爪转轴，棘爪可转动的设置在棘爪转轴上；
顶块，设置在所述棘轮扳手的弹簧腔内，顶块的外端顶在所述棘爪的背部用于棘爪限位，顶块的另一端设置有弹簧。
进一步地，所述连接部包括：
夹具底座，设置在弓臂上；
夹具上座，对应地设置在所述夹具底座的上面；
旋钮和螺杆，旋钮设置在螺杆的一端，所述螺杆穿过所述夹具上座连接到所述夹具底座上。
进一步地，所述夹具底座和/或夹具上座上设置有针槽。
进一步地，所述针槽设置在所述螺杆的前侧。
进一步地，所述夹具底座可移动地设置在所述弓臂上。
进一步地，牵引系统包括保持部，用于使牵引系统保持在稳定状态。保持部可以包括连接装置和/或支撑装置。
进一步地，所述驱动机构包括蜗轮蜗杆机构，所述蜗杆的一端与手柄连接，所述涡轮的轴心与所述输出轴连接。
进一步地，牵引系统还包括：
底座、支架和伸缩杆，所述伸缩杆可伸缩地连接在底座和支架之间；
伸缩轴，可伸缩地连接在输出轴与连接杆之间。
进一步地，所述驱动机构设置在底座上，所述底座设置有两个可伸缩的支腿，所述支架的上端设置有床夹。
进一步地，所述支架上设置有环形套，所述伸缩轴的端部与所述连接杆在所述环形套内卡接。
进一步地，所述连接杆可以包括多个串联连接的部分。
进一步地，所述牵引轮包括：
牵引轮本体，中部具有贯穿的圆形通孔；
线槽，设置在所述牵引轮本体的外圆周上；
转动卡接部，用于将所述牵引轮可转动地卡接在连接杆上；
固定卡接部，用于将所述牵引轮不可转动地卡接在连接杆上。
进一步地，所述转动卡接部包括多个弹性头，均匀地分布在圆形通孔周围，所述弹性头能够可缩回地伸入圆形通孔中。
进一步地，所述转动卡接部包括：
多个弹簧腔，均匀地分布在圆形通孔周围，贯穿所述牵引轮本体与所述圆形通孔连通；
多个弹簧，分别设置在多个弹簧腔内；
多个弹性头，分别设置在多个弹簧腔内，一端伸入到圆形通孔中，另一端与弹簧抵接；
多个封盖，设置在所述牵引轮本体上，封住所述弹簧腔。
进一步地，所述固定卡接部为卡槽，设置在所述牵引轮本体的底部。
进一步地，牵引轮还包括：
转环，可转动地设置在所述牵引轮本体上，与所述圆形通孔同轴；
挡板，连接到所述转环，所述挡板位于所述线槽的外侧。
进一步地，牵引轮还包括卡线槽，弹性地设置在所述牵引轮本体上，用于将牵引线夹在 所述牵引轮本体侧面与卡线槽之间。
进一步地，所述弹性头的头部为半球形。
进一步地，所述牵引轮本体外形为圆柱形。
进一步地，所述线槽为环形凹槽。
进一步地，所述线槽内具有牵引线固定部。
进一步地，所述驱动机构包括电机和减速器，所述电机的输出轴通过减速器连接到所述连接杆。
进一步地，还包括控制单元和扭力测试仪，所述扭力测试仪通过联轴器连接到所述减速器与连接杆之间，所述控制单元与所述扭力测试仪和电机电性连接。
进一步地，还包括两个以上的支腿，所述支腿为电推杆，与所述控制单元电性连接。
本发明的弹性牵引系统结构简单，可以在牵引线前端设置弹性体，用于连接各种牵引工具，牵引线的另一端缠绕在牵引轮上，通过牵引系统带动牵引轮转动，从而完成牵引操作。
本发明的弹性牵引系统可以采用手动驱动或采用电机驱动方式。采用电机驱动时操作简便省力，且可设置扭力测试仪，能够精准控制牵引力，提高牵引操作的安全性。
此外，通过设置电动支腿或者伸缩杆，可以调整支架的高度，适应不同的手术床高度。
本发明的牵引轮，通过设置转动卡接部和固定卡接部，可以使牵引轮在连接杆上实现两种连接状态，且两种连接状态可以自由转换。当牵引轮转动卡接时，牵引轮可以在连接杆上转动，方便放线和收线。当牵引轮固定卡接时，牵引轮卡接在连接杆上，相对于连接杆不可转动但是可随连接杆转动，此时可用于实施牵引。
本发明的牵引轮设置有挡板，挡在线槽外侧，防止牵引线从线槽弹出。牵引轮还设置有卡线槽，用于在收线后卡住牵引线的末端，防止牵引线松脱散开。
本发明的弹性牵引弓，通过增加弹性体，实现了骨折复位手术的弹性牵引，为手术操作提供弹性活动空间，极大地方便了医生在牵引过程中进行各种复位操作。
此外，本发明的弹性体与牵引弓为可拆卸地连接，如果不需要使用弹性体，可以将牵引线直接连接到牵引弓，给医生提供了更多的器械使用方式。弹性体与牵引弓之间具有快接口，安装和拆卸便捷，且具有锁止结构，连接后安全可靠。
本发明的牵引弓为张力牵引弓，通过设置调整机构，可方便地调整张力臂，从而调整牵引弓的张力。通过采用可双向转动的棘轮扳手，可以方便调整牵引弓的张力，尤其是在牵引过程中，可随意调整张力的大小。通过设置夹具底座和夹具上座，能够方便夹紧骨针，在增加张力的情况下，能够保证骨针不松脱。
除了上面所描述的本发明解决的技术问题、构成的技术方案的技术特征以及有这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的优点之外，本发明的其他技术特征及这些技术特征带来的优点，将结合附图作出进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的手动牵引系统的结构示意图。
图2是本发明第一实施的手动牵引系统的局部结构示意图。
图3是本发明第一实施例的蜗轮蜗杆机构剖面示意图。
图4是本发明第二实施例的电动牵引系统的结构示意图。
图5是本发明第二实施例的电动牵引系统的结构示意图。
图6是本发明实施例的弹性牵引弓的连接示意图。
图7是本发明实施例的弹性体与连接杆连接状态的示意图。
图8是本发明实施例的连接杆的示意图。
图9是本发明实施例的弹性体与连接杆的剖面示意图。
图10是本发明实施例的弹性体的剖面示意图。
图11是本发明实施例的弹性体的剖面示意图。
图12是本发明实施例的活动部的翻盖打开状态的示意图。
图13是本发明实施例的张力牵引弓的结构示意图。
图14是本发明实施例的张力牵引弓的结构示意图。
图15是本发明实施例的棘轮机构的剖面示意图。
图16是本发明实施例的连接杆的结构示意图。
图17是本发明实施例的牵引轮的结构示意图。
图18是本发明实施例的牵引轮装配在连接杆时的结构示意图。
图19是本发明实施例的牵引轮的剖面结构示意图。
图20是本发明实施例的牵引轮与连接杆转动卡接状态的剖面结构示意图。
图21是本发明实施例的牵引轮与连接杆固定卡接状态的剖面结构示意图。
附图标记：
1牵引轮、2弹性体、3牵引弓、4连接杆、5床夹、6支架、7联轴器、8扭力测试仪、9支腿、10万向轮、11电机、12联轴器、13减速器、14底座、15控制单元、16信号线、17传动轴、18环形套、19牵引线、20连接臂、21伸缩杆、22支腿旋钮、23蜗杆、24涡轮、25伸缩轴、26手柄、27输出轴；
101通孔、102弹性头、103线槽、104十字卡槽、105挡板、106卡线槽、107封盖、108弹簧腔、109转环；
201外筒体、202内筒体、203活动部、204弹簧、205连接环、206弹簧挂点、207锁止套筒、208接口弹簧、209接口内筒、210倾斜部、211钢珠、212弹簧挂点、213接口外筒、214卡槽、215翻盖、216线槽、217锁止孔、218连接头、219环形卡槽、220连接孔；
300棘轮扳手、301弓臂、302夹具底座、303夹具上座、304旋钮、305螺杆、306张力臂、307连接臂、308轴套、309封帽、310弹簧、311顶块、312棘爪、313棘爪转轴、314棘轮齿、315A第一棘爪齿、315B第二棘爪齿、316连接件、317棘轮轴、318弹簧腔、319第一位置、320第二位置；
401第一环形凹槽、402第二环形凹槽、403十字卡榫。
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、 “连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”、“多根”、“多组”的含义是两个或两个以上，“若干个”、“若干根”、“若干组”的含义是一个或一个以上。
本发明提供了一种弹性牵引系统，包括：驱动机构，用于提供牵引动力；连接杆，与所述驱动机构的输出轴连接，随所述输出轴转动；牵引轮，设置在所述连接杆的端部，能够随连接杆转动，所述牵引轮上连接有牵引线；弹性牵引弓，连接到牵引线。
本发明的弹性牵引弓可以包括：弹性体，一端连接到牵引线；牵引弓，一端连接到所述弹性体的另一端。通过在牵引线和牵引弓之间增加弹性体，实现了骨折复位手术的弹性牵引，为手术操作提供弹性活动空间，极大地方便了医生在牵引过程中进行各种复位操作。
优选地，弹性体包括外筒体和弹性件，其中外筒体的一端设置有活动部，活动部连接到牵引线，外筒体的另一端设置有连接部，牵引弓连接到所述连接部，弹性件设置在外筒体内，一端固定连接到连接部，另一端固定连接到活动部。弹性件连接在活动部和连接部之间，活动部相对于外筒体活动需要克服弹性件的弹力，可以根据手术需要选择弹性件的弹力。
优选地，还包括内筒体，设置在外筒体内，内筒体一端连接到活动部，弹性件设置在内筒体内。当活动部在牵引力作用下远离外筒体时，内筒体会随着活动部一起运动，部分内筒体从外筒体内伸出，不会使弹性件暴露在外。
优选地，连接部为快接口，包括：接口内筒，沿外圆周均匀设置有多个通孔；接口外筒，可滑动地套设在接口内筒外部；多个钢珠，设置在所述接口内筒与接口外筒之间，部分地进入所述通孔；接口外筒相对于接口内筒滑动时，钢珠伸入到接口内筒内部，或者从所述接口内筒内部退出。
具体地，接口外筒的内壁设有倾斜部和平行部，倾斜和平行是相对接口内筒的外壁而言。接口外筒后部设置有接口弹簧，为接口外筒提供预推力，使得接口外筒处于锁定位置，其端部伸出接口内筒的端部。此时，钢珠位于接口内筒的通孔与接口外筒的倾斜部之间，钢珠被倾斜部挤压部分地伸入接口内筒内。当接口外筒相对于接口内筒滑动，接口外筒对抗接口弹簧的弹力，移动至解锁位置，此时接口外筒的端部与接口内筒的端部平齐，倾斜部不再挤压钢珠，钢珠位于平行部与通孔之间，钢珠伸入接口内筒内的部分可以缩回。当松开接口外筒时，在接口弹簧的弹力作用下，接口外筒回到锁定位置。
连接杆的一端设置有环形卡槽，当插装连接杆时，环形卡槽端插入到接口内筒内，环形卡槽与接口内筒的通孔位置相对应，伸入到接口内筒内部的钢珠卡接在环形卡槽内。具体地，当需要安装连接杆时，将接口外筒推动至解锁位置，此时钢珠从接口内筒的通孔缩回，连接杆的插入端可以插入到接口内筒中，松开接口外筒，在接口弹簧的弹力作用下，接口外筒回到锁定位置，此时钢珠在倾斜部的挤压下，部分伸入到接口内筒中，卡在连接杆的环形卡槽内，完成装配。
更优选地，还包括锁止结构，可以将接口外筒锁止在锁定位置，防止接口外筒回因误操 作滑动导致连接杆脱离。例如，锁止结构可以是锁止套筒，螺纹连接在外筒体上，当接口外筒回到锁定位置后，可以拧紧锁止套筒，此时接口外筒不能滑动。
优选地，活动部可以包括翻盖，可掀开地装配在活动部上，翻盖打开后露出卡槽，卡槽位于活动部本体内，用于连接牵引线，例如在牵引线的一端安装卡块，将卡块嵌入卡槽中，就完成牵引线与活动部的连接，操作方便。翻盖与活动部本体之间形成有线槽，线槽与卡槽连通，方便牵引线嵌入。
本发明的张力牵引弓包括：对称设置的一对弓臂，每个弓臂末端设置有与骨针连接的连接部；连接臂，与每个弓臂的前端可转动地连接；一对张力臂，对称地设置在弓臂靠近前端的部位，每个张力臂的一端可转动地连接到弓臂上；调整机构，所述调整机构的两端分别与所述一对张力臂的另一端活动连接，用于调整一对张力臂相向或者反向运动。
本发明的张力牵引弓通过调整机构调整一对张力臂的运动方向，可以调整弓臂的张开和回收，从而调整张力的大小。
优选地，调整机构为棘轮机构，包括：棘轮轴，外部设置有棘轮齿，棘轮轴的两端分别与所述一对张力臂的另一端活动连接，所述棘轮轴通过轴套连接到所述连接臂；棘轮扳手，通过轴套活动连接到棘轮轴上，棘轮扳手上设置有棘爪，所述棘爪能够与所述棘轮轴的棘轮齿啮合。优选地，棘爪包括第一棘爪齿和第二棘爪齿，通过转动棘爪使第一棘爪齿或第二棘爪齿与所述棘轮齿啮合，转动棘轮扳手能够实现棘轮轴逆时针或顺时针单向转动。
优选地，棘轮轴的端部设有一段外螺纹杆或内螺纹孔，两端的螺纹方向相反。张力臂的端部设置有活动连接的连接件，连接件设置有内螺孔或外螺纹杆，与棘轮轴端部的外螺纹杆或者内螺纹孔螺纹连接。因此，当棘轮轴沿一个方向转动时，可以带动一对张力臂相向运动，当棘轮轴沿相反方向转动时，可以带动一对张力臂朝相反方向运动。
利用棘爪不同的棘爪齿与棘轮齿啮合，转动棘轮扳手可以实现棘轮轴按照预定方向转动，从而带动张力臂运动，调整弓臂的张开和回收，从而调整张力的大小。
优选地，设置顶块用于实现棘爪的限位，顶块可以顶在棘爪背部的第一位置或第二位置，当顶块顶在第一位置时，第一棘爪齿与棘轮齿啮合，当顶块顶在第二位置时，第二棘爪齿与棘轮齿啮合。优选地，顶块为弹性设置，因此很容易通过拨动棘爪实现顶块在第一位置和第二位置之间转换，从而可以实现棘轮轴转动方向的切换，进而完成张力的增大或减小。
优选地，连接部包括：夹具底座，设置在弓臂上；夹具上座，对应地设置在所述夹具底座的上面；旋钮和螺杆，旋钮设置在螺杆的一端，所述螺杆穿过所述夹具上座连接到所述夹具底座上。可以通过转动旋钮带动螺杆转动，将夹具上座紧固到夹具底座上，或者反向转动螺杆，使得夹具上座脱离夹具底座，便于夹紧或拆卸骨针。
优选地，夹具底座和/或夹具上座上设置有针槽，方便固定骨针，在牵引过程中骨针不容易发生移位。
优选地，针槽设置在螺杆的前侧，即靠近牵引弓的一侧，因此即使牵引过程中骨针脱离针槽，也会被螺杆挡住，不会从牵引弓上脱离。
优选地，夹具底座可移动地设置在弓臂上。夹具底座可以转动一定角度或者前后移动一定距离，以便在骨针出现偏移或歪斜时，仍能够通过调整夹具底座，使得骨针可以放置在针 槽内。夹具上座和螺杆装配在夹具底座上，可随夹具底座同步调整，因此可实现夹具底座和夹具上座的对准夹紧。
优选地，牵引轮包括：牵引轮本体，中部具有贯穿的圆形通孔；线槽，设置在所述牵引轮本体的外圆周上；转动卡接部，用于将所述牵引轮可转动地卡接在连接杆上；固定卡接部，用于将所述牵引轮不可转动地卡接在连接杆上。
本发明的牵引轮，通过设置转动卡接部和固定卡接部，可以使牵引轮在连接杆上实现两种连接状态，且两种连接状态可以自由转换。当牵引轮转动卡接时，牵引轮可以在连接杆上转动，方便放线和收线。当牵引轮固定卡接时，牵引轮卡接在连接杆上，相对于连接杆不可转动但是可随连接杆转动，此时可用于实施牵引。
连接杆为圆柱形，可以与牵引轮的圆形通孔配合，牵引轮通过圆形通孔装配在连接杆上。连接杆在其端部从上至下依次设置具有第一环形凹槽、第二环形凹槽以及卡榫。当转动卡接部卡接在连接杆的第一环形凹槽时，牵引轮与连接杆为转动连接状态，牵引轮可以围绕连接杆转动。当转动卡接部卡接在连接杆的第二环形凹槽时，固定卡接部与卡榫连接，固定卡接部为卡槽，设置在牵引轮本体的底部，此时牵引轮与连接杆为固定连接状态，牵引轮不能围绕连接杆转动。
优选地，所述转动卡接部包括多个弹性头，均匀地分布在圆形通孔周围，所述弹性头能够可缩回地伸入圆形通孔中。弹性头伸入圆形通孔内，可以卡接在第一环形凹槽或第二环形凹槽内。弹性头处于弹性可伸缩的状态，因此可以在第一环形凹槽和第二环形凹槽之间切换。用力向下按压牵引轮时，弹性头缩回从而脱离第一环形凹槽，牵引轮沿着连接杆向下移动，当弹性头移动到第二环形凹槽时，弹性伸出从而卡接在第二环形凹槽内。向上拉拔牵引轮时，弹性头可以从第二环形凹槽脱离，当弹性头移动到第一环形凹槽时，弹性伸出从而卡接在第一环形凹槽内。
优选地，转动卡接部包括多个弹簧腔，均匀地分布在圆形通孔周围，可以从牵引轮本体打通到中间的圆形通孔形成弹簧腔。在弹簧腔内安装弹簧，弹簧的前端设置弹性头，弹簧的后端抵靠在封盖上，封盖安装在牵引轮本体上，封住弹簧腔。在弹簧弹力的作用下，弹性头的前端可深入到圆形通孔内，当受到的挤压力大于弹簧弹力时，弹性头可缩回弹簧腔内。
优选地，牵引轮还包括转环，转环可以设置牵引轮的上端面上，可以与圆形通孔同轴，相对于牵引轮可转动。挡板连接到转环，挡板位于线槽的外侧。在收线和放线过程中，牵引轮转动，由于挡板挡在线槽外侧，所以能够防止牵引线从线槽弹出。由于挡板通过与转环连接，可以相对于牵引轮转动，所以挡板不会妨碍收线与放线操作。
优选地，牵引轮还包括卡线槽，可以在牵引轮本体的上端面形成开槽，卡线槽的一端开口与线槽连通。卡线槽用于卡住牵引线的末端。更优选地，卡线槽可以与牵引轮侧面弹性装配，需要卡线时，将卡线槽拉出，将牵引线放入卡线槽后，松开卡线槽，卡线槽在弹性拉力作用下会贴紧牵引轮侧面，从而卡紧牵引线。牵引线和牵引轮在牵引操作之前需要消毒，此时牵引线缠绕在牵引轮的线槽内，牵引线通常为钢丝绳，弹性很大所以很容易松散开，不方便消毒操作。通过将牵引线的末端卡在卡线槽内固定，牵引线收线整齐，方便消毒操作。
优选地，线槽内具有牵引线固定部。牵引线的一端固定连接到线槽内，牵引线缠绕在线 槽内，另一端可以连接到牵引弓。使用时，从线槽放出牵引线，用完后收线到线槽内。
优选地，本发明的牵引系统采用电机驱动，通过电机驱动连接杆转动，带动牵引轮转动，从而拉紧牵引线，完成牵引。
优选地，驱动机构包括电机和减速器，所述电机的输出轴通过减速器连接到所述连接杆。
为了适配不同高度的手术床，本发明的牵引系统的高度可调节，具体地包括两个以上的支腿，支腿优选为电推杆，与控制单元电性连接。可以控制电推杆的长度，使支架的上端通过床夹连接到手术床，支腿支撑在地面，保持连接和支撑功能。
优选地，电动牵引系统还包括扭力测试仪，通过联轴器连接到所述输出轴与连接杆之间，扭力测试仪与控制单元电性连接。通过在传动轴路上设置扭力测试仪，可以精准检测输出扭矩的大小，从而可以精确控制牵引力，提高了牵引的安全性。
优选地，本发明的支架和底座连接在一起，底座上还可以设置两个以上万向轮，便于移动电动牵引系统，当牵引系统移动到牵引位置后，可以锁定万向轮。
优选地，支架上设置有环形套，伸缩轴的端部与所述连接杆在环形套内卡接。优选地，环形套的位置低于床夹的位置，环形套之上的连接杆是可拆卸的，换言之在拆卸状态下，床夹为牵引系统的最高点。此结构设计容易满足了手术室消毒要求。环形套之上的连接杆、牵引轮和牵引线需要消毒，每次使用前可拆卸单独消毒。牵引系统的床夹连接到手术床板上，其下的部分不需要消毒，手术牵引时通过消毒床单盖住床夹及部分支架，从而实现床面之上的无菌区要求。
更优选地，连接杆可以包括多个串联连接的部分。为了适用于不同高度的牵引操作，连接杆可以采用多节可插接的串联方式连接。单节连接杆不宜太长，每节连接杆应能便于放入消毒容器中消毒。
优选地，电动牵引系统包括控制器，可以无线或者有线方式与控制单元电性连接。控制器包括显示屏及控制按钮，控制按钮可以是机械式按钮或者触摸式按钮。显示屏可以实时显示牵引力的数值，牵引力的数值可以根据扭力测试仪测量的扭矩数值计算得出。可以通过操作按钮设定牵引力的预定值，然后点击启动按钮，电机将在控制单元的控制下转动，当牵引力达到预设值时，电机停止转动。还可以通过按钮调整牵引力的大小，例如增加或者减小，电机将在控制单元的控制下正向转动或者反向转动，当牵引力达到调整后的数值时，电机停止转动。控制器设置有急停按钮，可以一键停止电动牵引系统。
可选地，驱动机构可以是手动驱动方式。优选地，驱动机构包括蜗轮蜗杆机构，所述蜗杆的一端与手柄连接，所述涡轮的轴心与所述输出轴连接。涡轮蜗杆配合，结构简单可靠，手动转动蜗杆即可实现输出轴旋转。优选地，蜗轮通过万向联轴器与输出轴连接。优选地，手柄与蜗杆可以通过棘轮机构连接，棘轮机构可以是双向可调的，从而通过调整棘轮机构可以方便调整手柄带动蜗杆的转动方向，实现增大牵引力或者减小牵引力。
优选地，牵引系统还包括：底座、支架和伸缩杆，所述伸缩杆可伸缩地连接在底座和支架之间；伸缩轴，可伸缩地连接在输出轴与连接杆之间。为了适配不同高度的手术床，本发明的牵引系统的高度可调节，具体地在支架和底座之间设置可伸缩的杆，优选地设置两根平行的伸缩杆。调整伸缩杆的长度，使支架的上端通过床夹连接到手术床，底座支撑在地面， 然后锁紧伸缩杆，保持连接和支撑功能。对应地，在输出轴一端设置可伸缩轴，可以调整伸缩轴的长度，满足不同高度的应用场景，例如可以设置外轴筒和内轴筒，内轴筒装配在外轴筒内，相对于外轴筒不可转动但可以沿轴线伸缩运动。外轴筒的一端可以连接到输出轴，内轴筒的一端可以连接到连接杆，从而可以保证将输出轴的驱动力传递到连接杆。优选地，伸缩轴通过万向联轴器与连接杆连接。
优选地，驱动机构设置在底座上，底座设置有两个可伸缩的支腿，支架的上端设置有床夹。底座上还可以设置两个以上万向轮，便于移动牵引系统，当牵引系统移动到牵引位置后，可以锁定万向轮。优选地，可以放下支腿，支撑到地面，使得牵引系统的底座更加稳定。优选地，支腿是可伸缩结构，设置有支腿旋钮用于锁紧或松开支腿。使用时先松开支腿旋钮，将支腿调整到稳定支撑在地面后，锁紧支腿旋钮，保持支腿的支撑状态。
本发明的牵引系统工作过程如下：
将牵引弓安装在患者牵引部位，将连接杆插入环形套，将牵引轮转动卡接在连接杆上，此时牵引轮可以围绕连接杆转动，方便将牵引线从牵引轮引出连接到牵引弓上。然后，将牵引轮固定卡接在连接杆上，此时牵引轮相对于连接杆固定不可转动。启动驱动机构，将驱动力输出至连接杆，从而使得连接杆转动。牵引轮随连接杆一起转动，牵引线缠绕在牵引轮的线槽内，从而拉紧牵引线，通过前端的牵引弓实现对患者部位的牵引操作。当牵引结束后，控制驱动机构反向转动，输出轴带动连接杆反向转动，从而牵引轮反向转动，牵引线从牵引轮松开，此时可以将牵引线与牵引弓分离。然后将牵引轮与连接杆转动卡接，转动牵引轮实现收线操作，将牵引线末端卡在卡线槽内。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
第一实施例
如图1-3所示，本实施例的牵引系统包括连接杆4，上端部装配有牵引轮1，牵引线19缠绕在牵引轮1上。牵引弓3一端连接有连接臂20，用于连接到弹性体2，弹性体2的另一端连接牵引线19。连接臂20可拆卸地连接到牵引弓3和弹性体2之间。连接杆4插接在环形套18上，本实施例中连接杆为两节，串联插接在一起。
床夹5设置在支架6的端部，环形套18设置在支架6上，位置低于床夹5。在支架6和底座14之间设置有伸缩杆21，在底座14上设置有两个万向轮10和两个支腿9，支腿9为可伸缩结构，包括用于锁紧和松开的支腿旋钮22。床夹5、支腿9和万向轮10可构成保持部，用于使牵引系统工作中保持稳定状态。
驱动机构设置在底座14上，本实施例中为手动驱动机构，包括配合的蜗轮24和蜗杆23，蜗杆23的一端连接到手柄26。蜗轮24通过联轴器连接到输出轴27，伸缩轴25与输出轴27可伸缩的连接，伸缩轴25相对输出轴27不可转动但可沿轴向伸缩运动。伸缩轴25通过联轴器12连接到连接杆4。操作手柄26转动蜗杆23，带动蜗轮24转动，从而输出轴27转动，带动连接杆4转动，完成驱动力传动。
第二实施例
如图4-5所示，本实施例的弹性牵引系统为电驱动方式，包括连接杆4，上端部装配有牵引轮1，牵引线19缠绕在牵引轮1上。牵引线19的另一端连接弹性体2。连接杆4插接在环形套18上，本实施例中连接杆为两节，串联插接在一起。
床夹5设置在支架6的端部，环形套18设置在支架6上，位置低于床夹5。支架6和底座14垂直地连接在一起。电机11设置在底座14上，电机11的输出轴连接至减速器13，减速器13的输出轴垂直向上，通过联轴器12连接到扭力测试仪8，扭力测试仪8的另一端通过联轴器7连接到传动轴17的一端，传动轴17的另一端位于环形套18内，在环形套18内与连接杆4卡接。
在底座14上设置有三个万向轮10。在牵引系统的两侧设置有两个支腿9，支腿9电推杆结构。控制单元15设置在支架6上，通过信号线16与扭力测试仪8电连接。控制单元15分别与电机11和支腿9电连接。可以根据手术床的高度，通过控制单元15控制支腿9调整高度，使得床夹5夹紧在床板上，此时支腿9支撑在地面上。床夹5和支腿9可构成保持部，用于使牵引系统工作中保持稳定状态。
如图6所示，弹性牵引弓3，一端连接有连接臂20，用于连接到弹性体2，弹性体2的另一端连接牵引线19，牵引线19可连接到牵引系统。连接臂20可拆卸地连接到牵引弓3和弹性体2之间。牵引弓3包括棘轮扳手300，用于调整张力。棘轮扳手300能够实现双向调整，因此方便调整张力的大小。
如图7所示，弹性体2包括外筒体201，为圆柱形。外筒体201的一端设置有活动部203，活动部302上设置有翻盖215。在活动部203的端部设置有连接环205，可以用于连接牵引线19。弹性体2的另一端设置有连接部，连接臂20插接到连接部中。连接部的外部套设有锁止套筒207。
如图8所示，连接臂20一端设置有连接头218，用于连接到牵引弓3，另一端设置有环形卡槽219，用于连接到弹性体2的连接接口中。本实施例中，连接头为U型结构上下侧壁分别设置有连接孔220。
如图9-11所示，弹性体2包括弹簧204，设置在外筒体201内，一端通过弹簧挂点206固定连接到连接部，另一端通过弹簧挂点212固定连接到活动部203。弹性体2还包括内筒体202，设置在外筒体201内，内筒体202的一端连接到活动部203，弹簧204部分设置在内筒体202内。
弹性体2的连接部包括接口内筒209和接口外筒213，接口外筒213套设在接口内筒209外部。接口内筒209沿外圆周均匀设置有多个通孔。钢珠211设置在接口内筒209与接口外筒213之间，部分地进入通孔。当接口外筒213相对于接口内筒209滑动时，钢珠211可以伸入到接口内筒209内部，或者从接口内筒209的内部退出。
如图所示，接口外筒213的内壁设有倾斜部210和平行部，二者自然过渡连接。接口外筒213后部设置有接口弹簧208，为接口外筒213提供预推力。接口外筒213处于锁定位置时，钢珠211位于接口内筒209的通孔与接口外筒213的倾斜部210之间，钢珠211被倾斜部210挤压部分地伸入接口内筒209内。当接口外筒213相对于接口内筒209滑动，接口外 筒213对抗接口弹簧208的弹力，移动至解锁位置，此时接口外筒213的倾斜部210不再挤压钢珠211，钢珠211位于平行部与通孔之间，钢珠211伸入接口内筒209内的部分可以缩回。
连接臂20的一端设置有环形卡槽219，当插装连接臂20时，环形卡槽219插入到接口内筒209内，环形卡槽219与接口内筒209的通孔位置相对应，伸入到接口内筒209内部的钢珠211卡接在环形卡槽219内。
锁止套筒207套设在接口外筒213的外部，与外筒体201螺纹连接，当完成连接臂20的连接，接口外筒213回到锁定位置后，转动锁止套筒207将接口外筒213锁止，防止接口外筒213回因误操作滑动导致连接臂20脱离。
如图12所示，活动部203包括翻盖215，翻盖215一端枢轴连接到活动部203，另一端可打开地卡接在活动部，卡接端设置有锁止孔217，用于锁止翻盖215。在翻盖215盖上的状态，活动部203与翻盖215具有圆柱体外形。翻盖215打开后，可以露出设置在活动部203内部的卡槽204和线槽216，线槽216一端与卡槽204连通，另一端与活动部203表面的线孔连通。卡槽204用于方便连接牵引线19。
如图13和14所示，牵引弓3包括对称设置的一对弓臂301，每个弓臂301的末端设置有夹具底座302。弓臂301的前端具有弧形，连接臂307可转动的连接在两个弓臂301的前端，连接臂307与连接臂20的连接头218连接。在弓臂301前端附近，对称地设置有一对张力臂306，每个张力臂306的一端可转动地连接到弓臂301上，张力臂306的另一端可转动地连接有连接件316，连接件316的一端以转轴方式连接到张力臂306，另一端设置有外螺纹杆，两个连接件316的外螺纹杆的螺纹方向相反。
棘轮轴317通过轴套308连接到连接臂307。棘轮轴317的两端分别设置有内螺纹孔，两端的螺纹方向相反。内螺纹孔与连接件316的外螺纹杆螺纹连接。棘轮轴317的外部设置有棘轮齿314，棘轮齿314位于棘轮轴317的中部，且围绕棘轮轴317一周。
棘轮扳手300通过两个扳手轴套321连接到棘轮轴317上，从而棘轮扳手300可以绕棘轮轴317转动。棘轮扳手300的中间设置有棘爪312，与棘轮齿314的位置对应。
弓臂301的末端附近设置有夹具底座302，夹具底座302可移动地设置在弓臂301上。夹具底座302上设置有针槽，针槽的表面可以设置纹路增加摩擦力。
夹具上座303对应地设置在夹具底座302的上面，旋钮304连接到螺杆305的一端，螺杆305穿过夹具上座303连接到夹具底座302上。使用时，骨针可放置在夹具底座302的针槽内，通过转动旋钮304可以将夹具上座303紧固连接到夹具底座302上，从而夹紧骨针。
如图15所示，棘爪312包括第一棘爪齿315A和第二棘爪齿315B，棘爪312设置在棘爪转轴313上，可以转动棘爪312，使得第一棘爪齿315A或者第二棘爪齿315B与棘轮齿314啮合，此时转动棘轮扳手300，通过棘爪312带动棘轮轴317转动。第一棘爪齿315A和第二棘爪齿315B用于实现通过棘轮扳手300完成棘轮轴317的双向转动。
顶块311用于实现棘爪312的限位，顶块312顶在棘爪312背部的第一位置319或第二位置320(图中两个凹坑位置)，当顶块311顶在第一位置319时，第一棘爪齿315A与棘轮齿314啮合，当顶块311顶在第二位置320时，第二棘爪齿315B与棘轮齿314啮合。
棘轮扳手300的中部设置有弹簧腔318，弹簧310设置在弹簧腔318内，顶块311位于弹簧310的前端，封帽309封住弹簧腔318，弹簧310为顶块311提供预推力。顶块311为弹性设置，因此很容易通过拨动棘爪312实现顶块在第一位置319和第二位置320之间转换，从而可以实现棘轮轴317转动方向的切换，进而完成张力的增大或减小。
如图16所示，连接杆4为圆柱形，与牵引轮1的通孔101配合，牵引轮1通过通孔101装配在连接杆4上。连接杆4在其端部从上至下依次设置具有第一环形凹槽401、第二环形凹槽402以及十字卡榫403。
如图17-19所示，牵引轮1包括牵引轮本体，牵引轮本体为大致圆柱形结构，中间具有贯穿的通孔101。牵引轮1通过通孔101装配在连接杆4上。牵引轮本体的外圆周设置有线槽103，牵引线19一端固定连接到线槽103上，牵引线19缠绕在线槽103内。
在牵引轮本体的底部设置有十字卡槽104，十字卡槽104与通孔101连通。在牵引轮本体的中部设置多个弹簧腔108，弹簧腔108从牵引轮本体打通到中间的通孔101，多个弹簧腔108围绕通孔101周围均匀分布。在弹簧腔108内安装弹簧，弹簧的前端设置弹性头102，弹簧的后端抵靠在封盖107上，封盖107安装在牵引轮本体上，封住弹簧腔108。弹簧为弹性头102提供预推力。弹性头102的前端为半球形，可以弹性地伸入通孔101内，或者缩回到弹簧腔108内。
牵引轮1还包括转环109，转环109设置牵引轮1的上端面上，与通孔101同轴，相对于牵引轮1可转动。挡板105连接到转环109，挡板105位于线槽103的外侧。
如图20所示，牵引轮1与连接杆4处于转动卡接状态。此时，弹性头201卡接在连接杆4的第一环形凹槽401内，牵引轮1可以围绕连接杆4转动。牵引线19围绕连接杆4转动，可以实现牵引线19的收线和放线。
如图8所示，牵引轮1与连接杆4处于固定卡接状态。此时，弹性头201卡接在连接杆4的第二环形凹槽402内。牵引轮1的十字卡槽104与连接杆4的十字凸榫403卡接，使得牵引轮1不能够围绕连接杆4转动。此时，连接杆4可以在驱动装置的带动下转动，牵引轮1随连接杆4一起转动，牵引线19缠绕在牵引轮1的线槽103内不断收紧，从而拉紧牵引弓，实现对患者部位的牵引操作。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，包括：
    驱动机构，用于提供牵引动力；
    连接杆，与所述驱动机构的输出轴连接，随所述输出轴转动；
    牵引轮，设置在所述连接杆的端部，能够随连接杆转动，所述牵引轮上连接有牵引线；
    弹性牵引弓，连接到所述牵引线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述弹性牵引弓包括：
    弹性体，一端连接到所述牵引线；
    张力牵引弓，一端连接到所述弹性体的另一端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述弹性体包括外筒体和弹性件，其中所述外筒体的一端设置有活动部，所述活动部连接到所述牵引线，所述外筒体的另一端设置有连接部，所述张力牵引弓连接到所述连接部；
    所述弹性件设置在所述外筒体内，一端固定连接到连接部，另一端固定连接到活动部。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述张力牵引弓包括：
    对称设置的一对弓臂，每个弓臂末端设置有与骨针连接的连接部；
    连接臂，与每个弓臂的前端可转动地连接；
    一对张力臂，对称地设置在所述弓臂靠近前端的部位，每个张力臂的一端可转动地连接到所述弓臂上；
    调整机构，所述调整机构的两端分别与所述一对张力臂的另一端活动连接，用于调整一对张力臂相向或者反向运动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述牵引轮包括：
    牵引轮本体，中部具有贯穿的圆形通孔；
    线槽，设置在所述牵引轮本体的外圆周上；
    转动卡接部，用于将所述牵引轮可转动地卡接在所述连接杆上；
    固定卡接部，用于将所述牵引轮不可转动地卡接在所述连接杆上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述转动卡接部包括多个弹性头，均匀地分布在所述圆形通孔周围，所述弹性头能够可缩回地伸入所述圆形通孔中。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述转动卡接部包括：
    多个弹簧腔，均匀地分布在所述圆形通孔周围，贯穿所述牵引轮本体与所述圆形通孔连通；
    多个弹簧，分别设置在所述多个弹簧腔内；
    多个弹性头，分别设置在所述多个弹簧腔内，一端伸入到所述圆形通孔中，另一端与所述弹簧抵接；
    多个封盖，设置在所述牵引轮本体上，封住所述弹簧腔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述驱动机构包括电机和减速器，所述电机的输出轴通过所述减速器连接到所述连接杆。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，进一步包括控制单元和扭力测试仪，所述扭力测试仪通过联轴器连接到所述减速器与所述连接杆之间，所述控制单元与所述扭力测试仪和所述电机电性连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的弹性牵引系统，其特征在于，所述驱动机构包括配合的蜗轮和蜗杆，所述蜗杆的一端与手柄连接，所述蜗轮的轴心与所述输出轴连接。
PCT/CN2022/090967 2022-03-16 2022-05-05 弹性牵引系统 WO2023173558A1 (zh)

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