WO2023169566A1 - 一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023169566A1
WO2023169566A1 PCT/CN2023/080837 CN2023080837W WO2023169566A1 WO 2023169566 A1 WO2023169566 A1 WO 2023169566A1 CN 2023080837 W CN2023080837 W CN 2023080837W WO 2023169566 A1 WO2023169566 A1 WO 2023169566A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
inorganic
organic
acid
particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/080837
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘继广
王如秀
杨亚飞
韩世萍
Original Assignee
北京服装学院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京服装学院 filed Critical 北京服装学院
Publication of WO2023169566A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023169566A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F112/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
    • C08F112/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
    • C08F112/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
    • C08F112/06—Hydrocarbons
    • C08F112/08—Styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F118/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F118/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F118/04—Vinyl esters
    • C08F118/08—Vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F120/10—Esters
    • C08F120/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F120/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/06—Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C08F4/22—Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
    • C08F4/74—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from refractory metals
    • C08F4/78—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from refractory metals selected from chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
    • C08F4/80—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of catalytic polymerization and relates to a catalyst for light-excited catalytic polymerization and its application. Specifically, it relates to a light-excited polymerization catalyzed by two-component catalyst particles of organic components and inorganic components. The resulting polymer.
  • Non-patent document 4 Angew. Chem. 2020, 132, 3235-3243.
  • Lei Xia et al. used poly(1,4-diphenyldiyne) as the catalyst and water-soluble trithiocarbonate as the chain transfer reagent to successfully realize acrylate and acrylamide monomers driven by visible light.
  • Living controllable polymerization reaction Non-patent document 5: Adv. Sci. 2020, 7, 1902451).
  • Non-patent literature 1 Jiangtao Kenward Amir Sivaprakash and Cyrille Boyer, A Robust and Versatile Photoinduced Living Polymerization of Conjugated and Unconjugated Monomers and Its Oxygen Tolerance, J.Am.Chem.Soc.2014,136,14,5508–5519
  • Non-patent literature 2 Alex Stafford, Dowon Ahn, Emily K. Raulerson, Kun-You Chung, Kaihong Sun, Danielle M. Cadena, Maria M. Forrister, Shane R. Yost, Sean T. Roberts, and Zachariah A. Page, Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Far-Red Light, J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,34,14733–14742
  • Non-patent literature 3 Qiang Ma1, Jinshuai Song 2, Xun Zhang1, Yu Jiang1, Li Ji3&Saihu Liao, Metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization with ppm catalyst loading under sunlight, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
  • Non-patent literature 4 Bonnie L. Buss, Chern-Hooi Lim und Garret M. Miyake, Dimethyl Dihydroacridines as Photocatalysts in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers, Angew.Chem.2020,132,3235–3243
  • Non-patent literature 5 Lei Xia, Bo-Fei Cheng, Tian-You Zeng, Xuan Nie, Guang Chen, Ze Zhang, Wen-Jian Zhang, Chun-Yan Hong, Ye-Zi You, Polymer Nanofibers Exhibiting Remarkable Activity in Driving the Living Polymerization under Visible Light and Reusability, Adv.Sci.2020,7,1902451.
  • the present invention develops an organic-inorganic composite catalyst, thereby achieving a breakthrough in the bottleneck of catalytic polymerization technology, achieving controllable large-scale preparation of polymers through corresponding processes, and preparing polymer products with specific properties. Furthermore, the present invention provides a light-induced polymerization reaction (photocatalytic polymerization reaction) catalyzed by the catalyst of the present invention, and a polymerization product obtained thereby.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for carrying out photo-excited catalytic polymerization under the catalysis of an organic-inorganic composite catalyst which includes the following steps: dispersing the organic-inorganic composite catalyst in an olefin monomer, and performing a polymerization reaction of the olefin monomer under photo-excitation conditions,
  • the organic-inorganic composite catalyst includes an organic part and an inorganic part, the inorganic part is dispersed in the form of inorganic particles on the surface and/or inside the organic part, and the size of the inorganic particles is 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • the present invention also provides a polymer obtained by the above method.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned polymer in color-changing fibers, color-changing sheets, color-changing films, color-changing inks, color-changing toners, color-changing adhesives, color-changing energy-saving windows, and camouflage and anti-counterfeiting.
  • the present invention also provides an organic-inorganic composite catalyst.
  • the catalyst includes an organic part and an inorganic part.
  • the inorganic part is dispersed on the surface and/or inside the organic part in the form of inorganic particles, and the size of the inorganic particles is 100 ⁇ m. the following.
  • the present invention also provides a supported catalyst, which includes a carrier and the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst located on the carrier.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst and/or supported catalyst in photocatalytic polymerization reaction, especially in photocatalytic active polymerization reaction.
  • the polymerization reaction of the present invention uses a light excitation source for polymerization control, it has the characteristics of a controllable reaction. In addition, it provides new routes and new methods for switch catalysis and controllable polymerization, and makes creative breakthroughs in the development of new smart materials. Since particles are used as catalysts, the catalyst can be separated and reused after the reaction, which is beneficial to significantly reducing catalyst costs. Since the polymerization reaction can be carried out at room temperature, the polymerization reaction not only saves energy, but also reduces the complexity of the equipment and the difficulty of the reaction in the polymerization process, which is especially suitable for and beneficial to large-scale industrial production. Therefore, this reaction method has important application value.
  • the prepared polymer has unique properties, such as controllable molecular weight distribution and color-changing properties, providing new polymer varieties for industrial products.
  • the polymer prepared by this method can be used for plates, polymer film materials, coatings, adhesives, leak-stopping agents, toners, organic glass, etc., especially color-changing coatings, color-changing inks, color-changing toners, color-changing adhesives, color-changing glues and color-changing films. tablets, etc., so it has a wide range of uses.
  • the present invention provides a supported catalyst. Since supported hybrid particles are used as catalysts, the supported catalyst is easy to recover after the reaction and is very suitable for reuse, which is beneficial to significantly reducing the cost of the catalyst. Polymers prepared using this supported catalyst have unique properties, such as controllable molecular weight distribution and higher molecular weights (eg, ultra-high molecular weights that can reach more than one million).
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the catalyst particles prepared in Example 1.
  • Figure 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the catalyst particles prepared in Example 4.
  • Figure 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the catalyst particles prepared in Example 5.
  • Figure 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the supported catalyst prepared in Example 5A.
  • Figure 5 is the NMR spectrum of Example 14.
  • Figure 6 is the infrared spectrum of Example 17.
  • Figure 7 is the NMR spectrum of Example 22.
  • Figure 8 is a molecular weight distribution diagram of Example 22.
  • Figure 9 is a molecular weight distribution diagram of Example 25.
  • Figure 10 is a comparison picture before and after the polymer changes color in Example 25.
  • the upper picture is a picture before the polymer changes color
  • the lower picture is a picture after the polymer changes color.
  • Figure 11 shows the molecular weight distribution of polymethyl methacrylate prepared with supported catalyst.
  • the present invention provides an organic-inorganic composite catalyst.
  • the catalyst includes an organic part and an inorganic part.
  • the inorganic part is dispersed in the form of inorganic particles on the surface and/or inside the organic part, and the inorganic part is dispersed in the form of inorganic particles.
  • the size of the particles is 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • the size of the inorganic particles is smaller than the volume of the organic portion.
  • the size of the inorganic particles is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, further preferably greater than 0 nm and 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the components of the organic part are selected from polymers, including but not limited to: homopolymers of olefin monomers containing amide groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups or ester groups; two or Copolymers of two or more olefin monomers containing amide groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups or ester groups; or cross-linked polymers formed by one or more olefin monomers containing amide groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups or ester groups and a cross-linking agent; Or a copolymer of more than one olefin monomer containing amide group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group or ester group and other monomers; or a derivative obtained by further reaction of the above polymer.
  • polymers including but not limited to: homopolymers of olefin monomers containing amide groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups or ester groups; two or Copolymers of two or more olefin monomers containing amide groups,
  • the olefin monomer containing an amide group includes but is not limited to at least one of the monomers represented by the following formula 1 or formula 2:
  • R is C n H 2n (n is an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0 to 28);
  • x is an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0 to 28.
  • amino group refers to -NH 2 and “amino group” refers to a group in which at least one H atom in -NH 2 is substituted by an alkyl group.
  • the olefin monomer containing an amide group particularly includes acrylamide and its derivatives, crotrylamide and its derivatives, pentacrylamide and its derivatives, pentadienamide and its derivatives , hexenamide and its derivatives.
  • “derivative” refers to a compound in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by a substituent.
  • the substituent may be a common substituent in the art, such as an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an alkyl group, Oxygen etc.
  • the olefin monomer containing an amide group is preferably selected from acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N-ethyl-2-methylacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, N-(3-methoxypropyl)acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide Amide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, cyclopropylmethacrylamide, N-[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, N-butyl Acrylamide, N-isobutylacrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-butoxymethacrylamide, N-(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide, N,N-dibutylacryl
  • the carboxyl-containing olefin monomer includes but is not limited to at least one of the monomers represented by the following formula 3 or formula 4:
  • x' and x" are independently an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0-18;
  • R 8 and R 9 are the same or different, and are independently R'-C y' H 2y' or R'-C y" H 2y"-1 (R' does not exist or is H, OH, COOH, C 3- 18 cycloalkyl, C 3-12 alkoxy, phenyl, C 3-12 cycloalkenyl; y' is an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0 to 18, y" is an integer greater than 0, preferably 1 ⁇ 18);
  • M is a metal ion, particularly an ion such as Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, etc.
  • the carboxyl group-containing olefin monomer is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethylacrylic acid, propylacrylic acid, 4-hydroxybutylacrylic acid, allylmalonic acid, 2 -At least one of acetamidoacrylic acid or its corresponding salt (for example, sodium acrylate, potassium acrylate, lithium acrylate, ammonium methacrylate, sodium methacrylate, potassium methacrylate, lithium methacrylate, sodium ethylacrylate) .
  • acetamidoacrylic acid or its corresponding salt for example, sodium acrylate, potassium acrylate, lithium acrylate, ammonium methacrylate, sodium methacrylate, potassium methacrylate, lithium methacrylate, sodium ethylacrylate
  • the hydroxyl-containing olefin monomer is selected from hydroxyethylacrylamide, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)acrylamide, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 5- Hydroxypentyl-acrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxydiacrylate, hydroxyoctyl acrylate, N-hydroxyethyl perfluorooctylamide acrylate, DL-2-hydroxy- 3-Butenoic acid methyl ester, 3-hydroxybutenoic acid- ⁇ -lactone, (z)-4-hydroxy-2-pentenoate, 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid tert-butyl ester, 3- Hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid ethyl ester, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-2-hexenoic acid-4-lactone, (2e)-5-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acid ethyl ester, 2-H
  • the olefin monomer containing an ester group includes but is not limited to at least one of the monomers represented by the following formula 5, formula 6 or formula 7:
  • x"' and x"" are independently an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0-18; y"' is an integer greater than 0, preferably 1-18;
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 are the same or different, and are independently R”-C z H 2z+1 , R”-C z’ H 2z’ , or R”-C z ”H 2z ” -1 , where z and z′ are independently an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0-18, z” is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably 1-18, R” does not exist Or H, OH, amino group, carboxyl group, C 3-12 alkoxy group, amino group, phenyl group, phenyl hydroxyl group, styryl group, C 3-8 cycloalkyl group (wherein, C 3-8 cycloalkyl group is preferably ring Propyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), C 3-12 cycloalkenyl (preferably cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopenteny
  • the olefin monomer containing an ester group particularly includes an olefin monomer containing an acrylate group, a crotenoate group, a pentenoate group, or a hexenoate group.
  • the olefin monomer containing an ester group is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylate N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, and polyethylene glycol monomer.
  • the cross-linking agent may include an olefin monomer containing at least two double bonds among the above monomers, such as N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, trimethylolpropane triacrylate , polyethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol phthalate diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinylbenzene.
  • olefin monomers containing at least two double bonds in one molecule may also be included, such as 1,5-hexadiene, butadiene, pentadiene, triallyl isocyanurate, and the like.
  • the added amount of the cross-linking agent is 0.01-90 wt% of the total amount of monomers forming the cross-linked polymer, preferably 0.1-50 wt%, and more preferably 1-30 wt. %.
  • the other monomers in the copolymer with other monomers are: for example, olefin monomers containing phenyl groups (such as styrene, methylstyrene, ethylstyrene), vinyl pyridine , Thiophene and its derivatives, pyrrole and its derivatives, aniline and its derivatives, divinylbenzene, N,N-hexenylamine, 2-octene-4,6-diynamide, alginic acid and its salts (such as sodium alginate, potassium alginate), polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose) , cyclodextrin and its cross-linked products, chitosan and its derivatives, chitin and its derivatives.
  • phenyl groups such as styrene, methylstyrene,
  • the addition amount of the other monomers is 0.01 to 95 wt% of the total amount of monomers forming the copolymer, preferably 0.1 to 50 wt%, and more preferably 1 to 30 wt%.
  • the polymer also includes a derivative polymer obtained by further reaction on the basis of the above polymer, such as a sulfonation product obtained by a sulfonation reaction, a hydrolysis product obtained by a hydrolysis reaction, etc.
  • a derivative polymer obtained by further reaction on the basis of the above polymer such as a sulfonation product obtained by a sulfonation reaction, a hydrolysis product obtained by a hydrolysis reaction, etc.
  • examples include: poly(acrylamide-styrene sulfonic acid) obtained by sulfonation reaction of poly(acrylamide-styrene); polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal or other polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked products of polyvinyl acetate hydrolysis things.
  • the components of the inorganic part of the catalyst of the present invention are, for example, selected from inorganic substances containing metal elements; the metal elements at least include metal elements with valence characteristics, such as selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, and scandium. , rhodium, vanadium, aluminum, manganese, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, europium, terbium, cerium, yttrium, and uranium.
  • at least one element selected from chromium, zinc, cadmium, phosphorus, sulfur, neodymium, thorium, strontium, gallium, indium, etc. may also be included.
  • the inorganic substance is at least one of the oxides, sulfides, hydroxides, sulfates, carbonates, metal oxyacids or salts of the above-mentioned metal elements; or, from soluble Metal compounds that are insoluble in water and organic solvents obtained by converting metal compounds include, for example: adding sodium sulfide to water containing zinc chloride to obtain zinc sulfide particles, adding acid to a sodium tungstate aqueous solution to obtain tungstic acid precipitation, and/ Or tungsten oxide, adding sodium hydroxide to the aqueous solution of ferric chloride to obtain iron hydroxide and/or iron oxide, etc.
  • the inorganic substance is selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, scandium oxide, rhodium oxide, uranium oxide, ferric chloride, ferric oxide, rhodium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and vanadium hydroxide.
  • vanadium oxide such as vanadium pentoxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadium dioxide
  • scandium trioxide scandium hydroxide
  • yttrium vanadate which can also be selected from iron oxide, zinc oxide, and manganese oxide , cadmium sulfide, cerium sulfide, vanadium sulfate, tungstic acid, sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, lithium tungstate, ammonium tungstate, aluminum tungstate, chromium tungstate, metatungstic acid, lithium metatungstate, sodium metatungstate , potassium metatungstate, ammonium metatungstate, molybdic acid, sodium molybdate, phosphotungstic acid, cesium phosphotungstate, phosphomolybdic acid, cesium phosphomolybdate, potassium molybdate, lithium molybdate, sodium molybdate, molybdic acid Ammonium, aluminum molybdate, chromium molybdate, molybdate, molybdate
  • the inorganic component of the organic-inorganic composite catalyst may also contain other inorganic components or auxiliaries, such as: titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, trioxide, etc. Antimony oxide, barium sulfate, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, strontium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lauric acid, etc.
  • auxiliaries such as: titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, trioxide, etc.
  • the mass ratio of the organic part to the inorganic part may be 1:100 ⁇ 10000:1, preferably 1:10 ⁇ 1000:1, and more preferably 1:1 ⁇ 100:1.
  • the organic-inorganic composite catalyst can be in various shapes such as block, irregular powder, spherical, porous, etc., preferably spherical, and further preferably spherical porous.
  • the components of the organic part may be polymer particles, preferably polymer particles having a certain shape, such as spherical, oblate spherical, flake, rod or needle, preferably spherical or oblate spherical.
  • the size of the organic-inorganic composite catalyst can be any size, generally greater than 0 nm and less than 10 cm; preferably more than 10 nm and less than 10 mm; more preferably 50 nm-100 ⁇ m; further preferably 100 nm- 50 ⁇ m.
  • the organic-inorganic composite catalyst is mainly used for catalyzing polymerization reactions, and in particular, can be used for photo-excited catalytic polymerization, especially photo-excited catalytic active polymerization.
  • the light excitation is, for example: visible light excitation, ultraviolet light excitation, infrared light excitation, sunlight excitation, x-ray excitation, etc.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned catalyst, which includes the following steps:
  • the components of the organic part are dispersed in a solvent, the components of the inorganic part are added, and after contact, the catalyst is obtained; or,
  • the monomer component of the organic part is dispersed in a solvent, the component of the inorganic part is added, and then a polymerization reaction is performed, and then a precipitating agent is added for reaction to obtain the catalyst.
  • the components of the organic part may be polymer particles, preferably polymer particles with a certain shape, such as spherical, oblate spherical, flake, rod or needle, preferably spherical or oblate spherical;
  • the monomer of the organic part is the monomer of the aforementioned organic part;
  • the component of the inorganic part is selected from inorganic substances containing metal elements, such as metal salts, metal salt solutions and/or soluble metal compound solutions.
  • a "soluble metal compound” means a metal compound other than a metal salt which is soluble in the said solvent.
  • the solvent may be: water, alcohols, ketones, amides, esters, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, ionic liquids and other solvents, specifically, such as water, ethanol, ethanol, etc.
  • Glycol isoprene glycol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, glycerol, pentanol, hexanol, acetone, butanone, pentanone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl Sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, pyrrolidine, dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, phenethyl alcohol, alkanes (such as heptane, hexane, dodecane, etc.).
  • the mass ratio of the components of the organic part and the component of the inorganic part may be 1:100 ⁇ 10000:1; preferably 1:10 ⁇ 1000:1, more preferably 1:1 ⁇ 100:1 .
  • the concentration of the metal salt solution and/or soluble metal compound solution is 0.0001wt% ⁇ 99.9wt%, preferably 0.001wt% ⁇ 50wt%, and more preferably 0.1wt% ⁇ 30wt%.
  • the precipitant is a substance that can react with the above-mentioned metal salt solution and/or soluble metal compound solution to form a precipitate, preferably a substance that can form a precipitate in an aqueous solution, and can be an acid, alkali, an acid ion or Complex ions, for example, can be selected from hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, dihydrogen carbonate Sodium, potassium dihydrogen carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, perchloric acid, potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate , potassium dichromat
  • the concentration of the precipitating agent may be 0.0001wt% ⁇ 99.9wt%, preferably 0.001wt% ⁇ 50wt%, and more preferably 0.1wt% ⁇ 30wt%.
  • a polymer is first prepared, and then the polymer is used to adsorb inorganic ions, and a precipitant is optionally further added to obtain an inorganic-organic composite hybrid catalyst. During this reaction, the dispersion and particle size of the inorganic particles in the polymer are controlled by adjusting the feeding method or reaction conditions.
  • reaction conditions for controlling the dispersion and particle size of inorganic particles in the polymer include:
  • the concentration of the metal salt solution and/or the soluble metal compound solution, the ratio of these solutions to the precipitant, and the reaction temperature and reaction time are controlled.
  • the concentration of the metal salt solution and/or the soluble metal compound solution can be greater than 0 And lower than the saturation concentration, but can preferably be 0.001wt% ⁇ 50wt%, more preferably 0.1wt% ⁇ 30wt%; the ratio of the above solution to the precipitant is 1:100 ⁇ 100:1, preferably 1:10 ⁇ 10 :1;
  • the reaction temperature is, for example, 0 to 210°C, preferably 30 to 150°C. If it exceeds 100°C, it can be carried out in a high-pressure reactor; the reaction time is, for example, 0.1 to 200 hours, preferably 0.5 to 48 hours.
  • feeding methods to control the dispersion and particle size of inorganic particles in the polymer can include:
  • the inorganic matter obtained by the preparation method is dispersed on the surface and/or inside of the organic matter, preferably in the form of inorganic particles dispersed on the surface and/or inside of the organic matter.
  • the size of the inorganic particles is generally smaller than the volume of the organic part, and is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably greater than 0 nm and 1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst can be in various shapes such as block, irregular powder, spherical shape, porous shape, etc., preferably spherical shape, and more preferably spherical porous shape.
  • the size of the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst can be any size, generally greater than 0 nm and less than 10 cm; preferably more than 10 nm and less than 10 mm; more preferably 50 nm-100 ⁇ m; still more preferably 100 nm-50 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention also provides a supported catalyst, which includes a carrier and the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst located on the carrier.
  • the carrier preferably has a porous structure and/or network structure, which can be embodied as a macroscopic and/or microscopic framework structure, a ring structure, a fibrous structure, or a network. structure or fabric structure.
  • the shape of the carrier is not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • Shapes known in the art can be used, such as planar structures known in the art (such as non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, etc.) , woven fabric, silk mesh, fishing net, porous film, sheet or plate), and for example, a three-dimensional structure known in the art (for example, porous microspheres, cylinders, cubes, cuboids, triangles, strips), Grid, ring and other irregular shapes.
  • the size of the supported catalyst in any direction is preferably greater than 0.1 micron, further preferably less than 100 centimeters, further preferably 1 micron to 10 centimeters, and more preferably 2 microns to 1 Centimeters are, for example, 10 microns, 50 microns, 100 microns, and 500 microns.
  • connection method between the organic-inorganic composite catalyst and the carrier includes any one or more of chemical bonding, adhesive bonding, and supramolecular interaction, preferably chemical bonding, especially carrier Surface reaction occurs through chemical bonds with chemical groups on the surface of the organic part (especially the polymer of the organic part) in the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst.
  • the surface reaction includes esterification, addition, amidation, click chemical reaction or other surface reactions known in the art that can combine the organic-inorganic composite catalyst and the carrier.
  • the organic-inorganic composite catalyst is distributed on the surface of the carrier, the internal and external surfaces of the porous structure and/or the network structure, for example, distributed on the surface of fibers, fiber textiles or non-woven fabrics. or in voids, on the inner and outer surfaces of framework structures or porous membranes.
  • the mass ratio of the organic-inorganic composite catalyst and the carrier is greater than 0 and less than 5:1, preferably 0.0000001:1 ⁇ 1:1, more preferably 0.00001:1 ⁇ 1:10, More preferably, it is 0.00001:1 to 1:100.
  • the material of the carrier is selected from inorganic materials and/or polymeric materials, especially materials with porous structure, network structure, frame structure or fabric structure.
  • the inorganic material is, for example, silica, aluminum oxide, rock wool, zeolite, MXene, molecular sieve, or metal mesh.
  • the polymeric material is, for example, at least one of polyester fiber, nylon fiber, cotton fiber, bamboo fiber, spandex fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, vinylon fiber, chlorine fiber, and sponge.
  • the carrier is at least one of silica, alumina, rock wool, zeolite, MXene, molecular sieve or sponge with a porous structure, or a metal mesh with a mesh structure, Or a fiber fabric or non-woven fabric with a frame or mesh structure.
  • the carrier may also be selected from aerogels, hydrogels, and the like.
  • the carrier is selected from silica aerogel, phenolic aerogel, silicone sponge, polyurethane sponge, etc.
  • the carrier may also be selected from fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and fiber fabrics of the polymer material.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing the supported catalyst, which method includes the following steps: after dispersing the organic-inorganic composite catalyst in a solvent, adding a precursor solution of the carrier, adding a reaction reagent or a precipitant to generate surface Reaction, causing the precursor solution of the carrier to precipitate or solidify to obtain the supported catalyst; or,
  • the components of the organic part and the carrier are dispersed in a solvent for surface reaction, and then the components of the inorganic part are added, and then a precipitant is added and the reaction proceeds to obtain a supported catalyst in situ.
  • the precursor solution of the carrier refers to a solution containing the carrier or a solution from which the carrier can be prepared, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • the surface reaction includes esterification, addition, amidation, click chemical reaction or other surface reactions known in the art that can combine the organic-inorganic composite catalyst and the carrier.
  • the conditions for the surface reaction can be carried out by methods known in the art, and are not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • the present invention also mainly provides the application of the above-mentioned catalyst in catalytic polymerization, in particular, the application in photo-excited catalytic polymerization. That is, the present invention provides a method for performing photo-excitation under the catalysis of the above-mentioned catalyst. Methods for catalyzing polymerization reactions.
  • the method for carrying out photoexcited catalytic polymerization reaction under the catalysis of the above catalyst includes the following steps:
  • the method includes the following steps: dispersing the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite catalyst in an olefin monomer, and performing a polymerization reaction of the olefin monomer under light-excited conditions.
  • the method includes the following steps: dispersing the above-mentioned supported catalyst in an olefin monomer, and performing a polymerization reaction of the olefin monomer under light-excited conditions.
  • the olefin monomer or the solution containing the olefin monomer is continuously flowed through the supported catalyst or circulated through the supported catalyst, and the polymerization or copolymerization reaction of the olefin monomer is performed under light excitation.
  • the catalyst is dispersed in "olefin monomer", where “olefin monomer” includes the body, solution, dispersion, emulsion or other possible existence forms of olefin monomer.
  • the mass ratio of the catalyst to the olefin monomer only needs to be greater than 0, preferably 10:1 to 1:10 8 , and more preferably 1:10 to 1:10 6 .
  • the catalyst may be dispersed in bulk, solution, dispersion or emulsion of olefin monomers.
  • the polymerization reaction of the olefin monomer can be a homopolymerization reaction of one monomer, or a copolymerization reaction of two or more monomers, wherein the copolymerization reaction also includes the following steps: Then another monomer or several monomers are added together or successively to carry out the copolymerization reaction of polymerization.
  • the solvent used to form the solution, dispersion or emulsion of the olefin monomer may be water, alcohols, ketones, amides, esters, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, ionic liquids and other solvents , specifically, for example, water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isoprene glycol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, glycerol, pentanol, hexanol, acetone, butanone, pentanone, dimethyl Formamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, pyrrolidine, dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, phenethyl alcohol, alkanes (such as heptane, hexane, dodecane alkane, etc.).
  • the polymerization reaction of the olefin monomer may be at least one of a variety of polymerization reactions such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and precipitation polymerization of the olefin monomer.
  • the reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction can be room temperature, high temperature or low temperature; preferably -80 ⁇ 150°C (such as room temperature, low temperature or high temperature), more preferably -30 ⁇ 100°C, further preferably - 10 to 60°C, more preferably -15 to 40°C, that is, room temperature (low temperature or room temperature).
  • an additional initiator in addition to using the above catalyst, may or may not be added. Additional addition of initiator may result in more complex polymers (eg polymers of broader molecular weight), but it is preferred that no additional initiator be added.
  • the initiator can be a common photoinitiator in the art, such as azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide, 2,4,6(trimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-1-propanone, benzene Methyl formylformate, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl acetone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-[4 -(Methylthio)phenyl]-1-propanone.
  • azobisisobutyronitrile such as azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide, 2,4,6(trimethylbenzoy
  • the polymerization reaction can be carried out under normal pressure, negative pressure or even high pressure.
  • the pressure can be selected according to different olefin monomers, and generally speaking, normal pressure is preferred. However, for low-boiling ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butene, hexene, and octene, it is preferably carried out under high pressure.
  • the pressure is preferably 50Pa-100MPa, preferably 100Pa-10MPa, more preferably 1KPa-8Mpa, and even more preferably
  • the light excitation in the polymerization reaction includes but is not limited to the following excitation modes: ultraviolet light irradiation, sunlight irradiation, visible light irradiation, infrared light irradiation, X-ray irradiation, etc.; preferably, ultraviolet light irradiation, Visible light irradiation, sunlight irradiation, or X-ray irradiation.
  • the photo-excited polymerization reaction is suitable for almost all olefin polymerization reactions.
  • the olefin monomers in the polymerization reaction include but are not limited to olefin monomers represented by the following formula 8:
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 may be the same or different, and are independently R 20 -C z”' H 2z”' or R 20 -C z””H2z””-1 (z ”' is an integer greater than or equal to 0, preferably 0 to 28; z”’ is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably 1 to 28),
  • R 20 is absent or H, phenyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide group, ester group, acid chloride, cyano group, C 3-18 cycloalkyl group (preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloalkyl Octyl, cycloheptyl), C 3-18 cycloalkenyl (preferably cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl), (where * represents a
  • the photo-excited polymerization reaction can also be applied to monomers containing other polymerizable groups, such as: alkanes containing alkynyl groups, thiophene and its derivatives, aniline and its derivatives, pyrrole and its derivatives, cyclic olefins and Its derivatives, allylmalonic acid and its derivatives, cumulative dienes and their derivatives (such as allene, compounds represented by the following formula 9 (where w' is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably 1-18)), conjugated dienes and their derivatives, isolated dienes and their derivatives, etc.
  • alkanes containing alkynyl groups such as: alkanes containing alkynyl groups, thiophene and its derivatives, aniline and its derivatives, pyrrole and its derivatives, cyclic olefins and Its derivatives, allylmalonic acid and its derivatives, cumulative dienes and their derivatives (such as allene, compounds represented by the following formula 9
  • the olefin monomers specifically include, but are not limited to, the following olefin monomers:
  • Alpha-olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, isobutylene, isopentene, tert-pentene, isohexene, tert-hexene, new Hexene, allylcyclopentane;
  • Styrene and its derivatives such as styrene, methylstyrene, dimethylstyrene, divinylbenzene, styrene, phenylacrylic acid, 4-phenyl-1-butene, ethylstyrene, propyl Styrene, butylstyrene, hydroxystyrene, trans- ⁇ -methylstyrene, carboxystyrene, 4,4-stilbenedicarboxylic acid;
  • Vinyl acetate and its derivatives such as vinyl acetate, vinyl methyl acetate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl bromoacetate, and allyl acetate;
  • Olefin monomers containing siloxane groups such as vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, tert-butyloyloxyethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane Ethoxysilane, tetrakis(acryloyloxyethoxy)silane, methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇ -(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, Vinyl tris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane, etc.
  • siloxane groups such as vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, tert-butyloyloxyethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane Ethoxysilane, tetrakis(acryloyloxyethoxy)silane, methacryloyl
  • the monomers containing other polymerizable groups specifically include but are not limited to the following monomers that can undergo free radical polymerization, such as: vinyl pyridine, thiophene and its derivatives, pyrrole and its derivatives, aniline and its derivatives, Acetylene, propyne, propyne cyanide, diarylethylene, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, allylmalonic acid, etc.
  • the present invention also provides a polymer obtained by the above method.
  • the polymer has controllable molecular weight distribution and discoloration properties.
  • the molecular weight distribution of the polymer can be adjusted in the range of 500-2000000, and further can be adjusted in the range of 1000-1000000, PDI can be 1-10, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-2.
  • Color-changing performance means that it can change from colorless, white or light yellow to blue, red or green under visible light or ultraviolet light.
  • the present invention also provides applications of the above-mentioned polymers in color-changing fibers, color-changing sheets, color-changing films, color-changing inks, color-changing toners, color-changing adhesives, color-changing energy-saving windows, and camouflage and anti-counterfeiting.
  • the shape of inorganic particles can be spherical.
  • Example 2 Add the catalyst particles of Example 2 to heptane, then add 100g of cotton fiber fabric, then add 0.1g of epoxy resin, react at room temperature for 4 hours, then take out the fiber fabric, wash and dry with ethanol to obtain an organic-inorganic composite particle-loaded catalyst, the catalyst
  • the mass ratio of particles to carrier is 1:30.
  • Example 3 Disperse 1 g of tungsten oxide/poly(acrylamide-N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) catalyst particles in Example 3 in 100 ml of ethanol, then add 100 g of zeolite as a carrier, and then add 1 g of glycidyl methacrylate. , fully react for 3 hours, then take out the zeolite and wash it with ethanol and water to obtain a supported catalyst.
  • the mass ratio of catalyst particles to carrier is 1:200.
  • Example 5 Disperse the catalyst particles of Example 5 in water, add 0.2g each of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide, and then add to the surface
  • the polyester fiber fabric containing amino groups is reacted at 20-70°C for 6 hours, and then the fiber fabric is taken out to obtain a supported catalyst.
  • the mass ratio of the catalyst particles to the polyester fiber fabric is 1:1000, as shown in Figure 4.
  • Example 7 Add the catalyst particles of Example 7 to ethanol, add 0.1 square meters of polyurethane non-woven fabric, and then 10 g of glycidyl methacrylate, and react fully for 6 hours to obtain a supported catalyst.
  • the mass ratio of the catalyst particles to the polyester fiber fabric is 1:1000.
  • catalyst particles of Example 8 Add the catalyst particles of Example 8 to ethanol, add 0.1 square meters of glass mesh, then add 5g each of ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and glycidyl methacrylate, and fully react for 6 hours to obtain the supported type
  • the mass ratio of catalyst, catalyst particles and glass mesh is 1:10000.
  • Example 1 Disperse 0.05g of the catalyst particles of Example 1 in a 500mL toluene solution containing 0.01g azobisisobutyronitrile and 1g octene, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, use a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at room temperature for 36 hours while stirring, and then Add ethanol to precipitate to obtain polyoctene (see the NMR image in Figure 5, the molecular weight is about 100,000).
  • Example 2 Disperse 0.2g of the catalyst particles of Example 2 in 100 mL of water containing 0.005g of potassium persulfate. After flowing nitrogen for 30 minutes, evacuate the gas in the bottle, then continue to flow in propylene gas, and irradiate under a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp. Reaction 5 After an hour, ethanol was added to precipitate to obtain polypropylene particles (molecular weight approximately 60,000).
  • Example 2A Disperse 0.5g of the supported catalyst of Example 2A in a 500mL toluene solution containing 0.01g azobisisobutyronitrile and 1g octene, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at room temperature for 36 hours while stirring. Then add ethanol to precipitate to obtain polyoctene (molecular weight is about 100,000).
  • Example 2 Disperse 0.5g of the catalyst particles of Example 2 in 50 mL of water. After flowing nitrogen for 30 minutes, evacuate the gas in the bottle, then continue to flow in ethylene gas, and irradiate it under a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, add ethanol to precipitate. Polyethylene pellets were obtained.
  • Example 4 Disperse 0.5g of the catalyst particles of Example 4 in 50 mL of water. After passing nitrogen for 30 minutes, evacuate the gas in the bottle, then continue to pass in propylene gas, and irradiate it under a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, add ethanol to precipitate. Polypropylene was obtained (see the infrared spectrum of Figure 6).
  • Example 5 Disperse 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 5 in a solution of 500 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide containing 10 g of methyl methacrylate, and irradiate it under a 3-watt ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, ethanol is added to precipitate to obtain polymethacrylic acid. Methyl ester (molecular weight about 60,000).
  • Example 5 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 5 was dispersed in a solution of 500mL N,N-dimethylacetamide containing 10g of styrene, and irradiated under a 3-watt ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, ethanol was added to precipitate to obtain polyphenylene. Ethylene particles (molecular weight approximately 5000).
  • Example 6 Disperse 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 6 in a 500mL aqueous solution containing 1g N-isopropylacrylamide and 0.2g N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, purge nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 3-watt ultraviolet lamp. After irradiation and reaction for 5 hours, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) polymer particles (cross-linked polymer particles) were obtained by centrifugation.
  • Example 7A Disperse 1g of the supported catalyst particles of Example 7A in a 500mL aqueous solution containing 2g acrylamide and 0.2g N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, irradiate under a 3W ultraviolet lamp, and react for 5 hours to obtain polyacrylamide (Molecular weight 600,000).
  • Example 7A Disperse 1 g of the supported catalyst particles of Example 7A in 500 mL of ethanol, add 10 g of methyl methacrylate, and irradiate the mixture under a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, polymethyl methacrylate is obtained.
  • Example 6 Disperse 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 6 in 500 mL of tetrahydrofuran solution containing 1 g of glycidyl methacrylate, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, irradiate under a 24-watt ultraviolet lamp, react for 5 hours, and centrifuge to obtain poly(methyl) Glycidyl acrylate) polymer (molecular weight approximately 1 million).
  • Example 3A Disperse 2 g of the supported catalyst of Example 3A in 100 mL of ethanol. After flowing nitrogen for 30 minutes, evacuate the gas in the bottle, then continue to add 5 g of styrene, and irradiate it under a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, polystyrene is obtained. ene particles. (Molecular weight is about 200,000).
  • Example 4 Disperse 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 4 in a 500mL aqueous solution containing 5g of acrylamide, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, and irradiate with an X-ray lamp at 0°C for 12 hours while stirring to obtain a polyacrylamide gel (molecular weight is about 10 Ten thousand).
  • Example 5 Disperse 0.002g of the catalyst particles of Example 5 in a 500mL aqueous solution containing 1g of methyl methacrylate and 0.1g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, ventilate with nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 3W ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at room temperature for 36 hours while stirring. , to obtain polymethyl methacrylate (see the molecular weight distribution diagram in Figure 9, the molecular weight is about 30,000).
  • Example 9 Disperse 0.002g of the catalyst particles of Example 9 in a 250mL aqueous solution containing 0.5g of N-isopropylacrylamide, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 3W UV lamp to irradiate at 5°C for 36 hours while stirring to obtain polyN- Isopropylacrylamide (molecular weight approximately 60,000).
  • Example 10 Disperse 0.002g of the catalyst particles of Example 10 in 250 mL of toluene solution containing 2g of 3-propyl butenoate, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 3-watt ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at 80°C for 36 hours while stirring to obtain poly3- Propyl crotonate (molecular weight approximately 60,000).
  • Example 11 Disperse 0.05g of the catalyst particles of Example 11 in 2500mL of toluene solution containing 200g of acrylic acid and 0.5g of divinylbenzene, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at room temperature for 36 hours while stirring to obtain poly(acrylic acid- divinylbenzene) particles (molecular weight approximately 10,000).
  • Example 12 Disperse 0.05g of the catalyst particles of Example 12 in 1000 mL of tetrahydrofuran solution containing 200 g of polyethylene glycol acrylate, vent nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at 40°C for 6 hours while stirring to obtain poly(polyethylene) glycol acrylate) particles (molecular weight approximately 100,000).
  • Example 8 Disperse 0.05g of the catalyst particles of Example 8 in 100 mL of ethanol solution containing 2g of methyl methacrylate, ventilate nitrogen for 30 minutes, and use a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp to irradiate at 20 degrees for 36 hours while stirring to obtain poly(methacrylic acid) Methyl ester), filtered and washed to obtain polymer (molecular weight 80,000).
  • 0.001g of the catalyst particles of Example 9 was dispersed in 200 mL of ethanol solution containing 2g of vinyl triacetoxysilane, and nitrogen was circulated for 30 minutes. During stirring, a 12-watt ultraviolet lamp was used to irradiate at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain poly(vinyl) Triacetoxysilane), filtered and washed to obtain the polymer.
  • Example 4 Disperse 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 4 in a solution of 500mL of N,N-dimethylacetamide containing 3g of styrene and 3g of acrylamide, and irradiate it under a 3W ultraviolet lamp. After 5 hours of reaction, ethanol is added to precipitate. , to obtain poly(styrene-acrylamide) copolymer (molecular weight about 5000).
  • Example 5 Disperse 0.01g of the catalyst particles of Example 5 in 500mL of tetrahydrofuran solution containing 5g of methyl methacrylate, and irradiate it under a 3W ultraviolet lamp. After the reaction for 5 hours, add 3g of styrene, and then continue the polymerization reaction for 10 hours. It is then precipitated with ethanol to obtain a polymethylmethacrylate-polystyrene copolymer.
  • Example 25 The polymer of Example 25 was irradiated for ten minutes under the UV lamp of a portable UV detector ZF-7A. As shown in Figure 10, the color of the polymer changed visibly with the naked eye.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的有机无机复合催化剂颗粒及其应用。本发明的有机无机复合催化剂包括有机部分和无机部分，所述无机部分以无机颗粒的形式分散在有机部分的表面和/或内部，并且所述无机颗粒的尺寸为100μm以下。本发明还公开了一种在上述催化剂催化下进行光激发催化聚合反应的方法及其得到的产物。该聚合反应过程中使用有机无机复合的催化剂进行光激发的催化聚合反应，可适用于大多数烯烃聚合。本发明通过激发聚合反应制备的聚合物可用于变色纤维、变色板材、变色油墨以及防伪和伪装等多个领域。

Description

一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用
本申请要求2022年3月11日向中国国家知识产权局提交的，专利申请号为202210239605.0，发明名称为“一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用”的在先申请的优先权。所述在先申请的全文通过引用的方式结合于本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于催化聚合领域，涉及一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用，具体涉及一种在有机组分和无机组分的双组分催化剂颗粒催化下的光激发聚合反应和由此得到的聚合物。
背景技术
在材料化学领域，催化剂及其催化工艺的研究一直是人们研究的重点，当今聚合反应领域的发展方向主要有自由基聚合、配位聚合、阳离子聚合和阴离子聚合等，这些聚合反应一般都需要催化剂或引发剂。然而，迄今为止，引发剂或催化剂仅限于有限的几种，每种引发剂或催化剂仅适用于有限的几种烯烃单体的聚合，而且各自存在一定的局限性。例如，配位聚合催化剂在烯烃聚合中得到广泛应用，但是一般需要高压反应，且配位聚合催化剂易失活，储存困难。阴离子引发剂引发聚合往往需要无水无氧操作，反应条件苛刻。
近年来，一类可进行控制的光催化聚合反应引起人们的重视。光催化聚合具有反应温度低、易控制等优点，显示出明显的优势和吸引力。但是该类催化反应研究较少，迄今为止仅停留在初步研究阶段。例如，Jiangtao Xu等人以RAFT和铱族复合催化剂进行光诱导活性聚合，实现了甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯等多种烯烃单体的聚合，但是反应产率低(非专利文献1：J.Am.Chem.Soc.2014,136,14,5508–5519)。此外，Alex Stafford等人将次甲基、氮杂修饰的硼基二吡咯亚甲基用于丙烯酸异冰片酯的聚合，虽然获得了很高的双键转化率，但是并没有分子量和分子量分布的数据(非专利文献2：J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,34,14733–14742)。Qiang Ma等人将氧杂蒽并蒽类光催化剂用于甲基丙烯酸甲酯的活性聚合,可以获得较好的催化活性，但是分子量一般较低(非专利文献3：NATURE COMMUNICATIONS|(2021)12:429)。Bonnie L.Buss等人有机催化原子自由基催化丙烯酸酯类单体聚合，但分子量较低(非专利文献4：Angew.Chem.2020,132,3235–3243)。Lei Xia等人以聚(1,4-二苯基连二炔)为催化剂，以水溶性三硫代碳酸酯为链转移试剂，在可见光驱动下，成功实现了丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺类单体的活性可控聚合反应(非专利文献5：Adv.Sci.2020,7,1902451)。
但是，受限于催化剂的性能，已经报道的光催化聚合反应大多仅适用于有限的几种烯烃单体。而且，迄今为止，由于光催化剂合成复杂、价格昂贵和稳定性差等缺点，大规模工业化的光催化聚合鲜有报道。因此，需要一种合成简单、成本低廉的光激发催化剂(光催化剂)，从而实现聚合物的可控大量制备。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1：JiangtaoKenwardAmirSivaprakashand Cyrille Boyer，A Robust and Versatile Photoinduced Living Polymerization of Conjugated and Unconjugated Monomers and Its Oxygen Tolerance，J.Am.Chem.Soc.2014,136,14,5508–5519
非专利文献2：Alex Stafford,Dowon Ahn,Emily K.Raulerson,Kun-You Chung,Kaihong Sun,Danielle M.Cadena,Elena M.Forrister,Shane R.Yost,Sean T.Roberts,and Zachariah A.Page，Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Far-Red Light，J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,34,14733–14742
非专利文献3：Qiang Ma1,Jinshuai Song 2,Xun Zhang1,Yu Jiang1,Li Ji3&Saihu Liao，Metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization with ppm catalyst loading under sunlight，NATURE COMMUNICATIONS|(2021)12:429.
非专利文献4：Bonnie L.Buss,Chern-Hooi Lim und Garret M.Miyake，Dimethyl Dihydroacridines as Photocatalysts in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers，Angew.Chem.2020,132,3235–3243
非专利文献5：Lei Xia,Bo-Fei Cheng,Tian-You Zeng,Xuan Nie,Guang Chen,Ze Zhang,Wen-Jian Zhang,Chun-Yan Hong,Ye-Zi You，Polymer Nanofibers Exhibiting Remarkable Activity in Driving the Living Polymerization under Visible Light and Reusability，Adv.Sci.2020,7,1902451.
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明开发了一种有机无机复合催化剂，从而实现了催化聚合技术瓶颈的突破，并通过相应工艺实现了聚合物的可控大量制备，并制备了具有特定性能的聚合产物。进一步的，本发明提供了一种在本发明的催化剂催化下的光激发聚合反应(光催化聚合反应)，以及由此得到的聚合产物。
具体的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种在有机无机复合催化剂的催化下进行光激发催化聚合反应的方法，其包括以下步骤：将有机无机复合催化剂分散在烯烃单体中，在光激发的条件下进行烯烃单体的聚合反应，其中，所述有机无机复合催化剂包括有机部分和无机部分，所述无机部分以无机颗粒的形式分散在有机部分的表面和/或内部，并且所述无机颗粒的尺寸为100μm以下。
本发明还提供一种利用上述的方法得到的聚合物。
本发明还提供上述的聚合物在变色纤维、变色板材、变色薄膜、变色油墨、变色墨粉、变色胶粘剂、变色节能窗以及伪装和防伪中的应用。
本发明还提供一种有机无机复合催化剂，所述催化剂包括有机部分和无机部分，所述无机部分以无机颗粒的形式分散在有机部分的表面和/或内部，并且所述无机颗粒的尺寸为100μm以下。
本发明还提供一种负载型催化剂，所述负载型催化剂包括载体和位于所述载体上的上述有机无机复合催化剂。
本发明还提供一种上述的有机无机复合催化剂和/或负载型催化剂在光催化聚合反应中的应用，特别是在光催化活性聚合反应中的应用。
本发明所具有的有益效果包括：
由于本发明的聚合反应使用光激发源进行聚合控制，因而具有可控反应的特点。另外，为开关催化和可控聚合提供了新的路线和新手段，为开发新型智能材料做出了创造性突破。由于使用颗粒作为催化剂，反应后催化剂是可以分离重复使用的，因而有利于大幅降低催化剂成本。由于聚合反应可以在常温下进行，因此该聚合反应不仅具有节省能源的特点，而且在聚合工艺中减少了设备的复杂程度和反应难度，尤其适用于并有利于大规模工业化生产。因而该反应方式具有重要的应用价值。
另外，由于该聚合反应中的特殊的催化剂，制备得到的聚合物具有独特的性质，例如可控的分子量分布以及变色性能，为工业产品提供了新的聚合物品种。该方法制备的聚合可用于板材、聚合物膜材料、涂料、胶粘剂、堵漏剂、墨粉、有机玻璃等，特别是变色涂料、变色油墨、变色墨粉、变色胶粘剂、变色胶浆以及变色膜片等方面，因而用途广泛。
再有，本发明提供一种负载型催化剂，由于使用负载杂化颗粒作为催化剂，反应后负载型催化剂易于回收且是可以十分适合重复使用的，因而有利于大幅降低催化剂成本。使用该负载型催化剂制备的聚合物具有独特的性质，例如可控的分子量分布、具有更高的分子量(具有例如可达到百万以上的超高分子量)。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中制备的催化剂颗粒的扫描电镜图。
图2为实施例4中制备的催化剂颗粒的透射电镜图。
图3为实施例5中制备的催化剂颗粒的扫描电镜图。
图4为实施例5A中制备的负载型催化剂的扫描电镜图。
图5为实施例14的核磁谱图。
图6为实施例17的红外谱图。
图7为实施例22的核磁谱图。
图8为实施例22的分子量分布图。
图9为实施例25的分子量分布图。
图10为实施例25的聚合物变色前后对比图，其中，上图为聚合物变色前的图片，下图为聚合物变色后的图片。
图11为负载型催化剂制备的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的分子量分布。
具体实施方式
[有机无机复合催化剂]
如前所述，本发明提供了一种有机无机复合催化剂，所述催化剂包括有机部分和无机部分，所述无机部分以无机颗粒的形式分散在有机部分的表面和/或内部，并且所述无机颗粒的尺寸为100μm以下。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述无机颗粒的尺寸小于有机部分的体积。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述无机颗粒的尺寸优选为10μm以下，更优选为5μm以下，进一步优选为大于0nm且0.1μm以下。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机部分的成分例如选自聚合物，所述聚合物包括但不限于：含有酰胺基、羟基、羧基或酯基的烯烃单体的均聚物；两种或两种以上含有酰胺基、羟基、羧基或酯基的烯烃单体的共聚物；或一种以上含有酰胺基、羟基、羧基或酯基的烯烃单体与交联剂形成的交联聚合物；或一种以上含有酰胺基、羟基、羧基或酯基的烯烃单体与其它单体的共聚物；或上述聚合物进一步反应得到的衍生物。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有酰胺基的烯烃单体包括但不限于如下述式1或式2所示的单体的至少一种：
其中，式1中，R为CnH2n(n为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0～28)；
R1、R2、R3相同或不相同，彼此独立地为R4-CmH2m(其中，m为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0-16)，R4可以不存在或为H、氨基、胺基、羧基、卤素、OR5[R5为H、Cm'H2m'+1(m'＝1～18)、Cm”H2m”(m”＝1～18)或Cm”’H2m”'-1(m”'＝1～18)]、NR6R7[R6、R7相同或不相同，彼此独立地为H、Cn'H2n'+1(n'＝1～18)、Cn”H2n”(n”＝1～18)或Cn”’H2n”'-1(n”'＝1～18)]、苯基、苯羟基、苯乙烯基、萘基、C3-18环烷基(其中，C3-18环烷基优选环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基)、C3-12环烯基(优选为环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环戊二烯基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基)、吡咯烷基或(*表示连结位点)，
式2中，x为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0～28。
需要说明的是，在本发明中，“氨基”指的是-NH2，“胺基”指的是-NH2中的至少一个H原子被烷基取代的基团。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有酰胺基的烯烃单体特别是包括丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、丁烯酰胺及其衍生物、戊烯酰胺及其衍生物、戊二烯酰胺及其衍生物、己烯酰胺及其衍生物。
需要说明的是，在本发明中，“衍生物”是指氢原子被取代基取代而得到的化合物，所述取代基可以为本领域常见的取代基，例如为烷基、羟基、氨基、烷氧基等。
具体而言，所述含有酰胺基的烯烃单体优选为选自丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N，N-二乙基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基-2-甲基丙烯酰胺、N-正丙基丙烯酰胺、N-(3-甲氧基丙基)丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、环丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]丙烯酰胺、二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-丁基丙烯酰胺、N-异丁基丙烯酰胺、N-(1,1-二甲基-3-氧代丁基)丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、N-丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(异丁氧基甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二丁基丙烯酰胺、4-羟基丁基丙烯酰胺、N-戊基丙烯酰胺、环戊基丙烯酰胺、N-正己基丙烯酰胺、N-己基羟肟酸丙烯酰胺、N-环己基丙烯酰胺、N-正辛基丙烯酰胺、N-叔辛基丙烯酰胺、N-十二烷基丙烯酰胺、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N'-(1,2-二羟乙烯)二丙烯酰胺、N,N-双(2-羟基乙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(2- 羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、2-甲基-N-(2-苯基乙基)-2-丙烯酰胺、N-(p-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-环丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-吡咯烷基丙烯酰胺、α-溴代丙烯酰胺、N,N-二缩水甘油基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二缩水甘油基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(4-环氧丙氧基丁基)丙烯酰胺、N-(4-环氧丙氧基丁基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(5-环氧丙氧基戊基)丙烯酰胺、丁烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丁烯酰胺、N-乙基-N-(2-甲基苯基)-2-丁烯酰胺、(2E)-2-丁烯酰胺、4-甲基-2-戊烯酰胺、N-苯甲基-4-氯-N-异丁基-2-戊烯酰胺、N-甲氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-乙氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-丙氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-丁氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、(2S,4E)-5-氯-N,N-二甲基-2-异丙基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-乙基E2,E4-己二烯酰胺、N-环丙基E2,E4-己二烯酰胺、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酰胺、3-丁烯酰胺、氟丁烯酰胺、和N-(1-萘基)丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有羧基的烯烃单体包括但不限于如下述式3或式4所示的单体的至少一种：
其中，x'、x”彼此独立地为大于或等于0的整数,优选为0-18；
R8、R9相同或不同，彼此独立地为R'-Cy'H2y'或R'-Cy”H2y”-1(R'不存在或为H、OH、COOH、C3-18环烷基、C3-12烷氧基、苯基、C3-12环烯基；y'为大于或等于0的整数,优选为0～18，y”为大于0的整数，优选1～18)；
M为金属离子，特别是Na、K、Li、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Zn、Ni、Co、Cu等的离子。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有羧基的烯烃单体特别是优选为选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、丙基丙烯酸、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸、烯丙基丙二酸、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸或其相应盐(例如，丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸钾、丙烯酸锂、甲基丙烯酸铵、甲基丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钾、甲基丙烯酸锂、乙基丙烯酸钠)中的至少一种。
所述的含有羟基的烯烃单体选自羟乙基丙烯酰胺、N-(2-羟基丙基)丙烯酰胺、4-羟丁基丙烯酸酯、2-丙烯酸-2-羟基丙基酯、5-羟基戊基-丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸-2-羟乙基酯、羟二丙烯酸酯、羟辛基丙烯酸酯、N-羟乙基全氟辛酰胺丙烯酸酯、DL-2-羟基-3-丁烯酸甲酯、3-羟基丁烯酸-β-内酯、(z)-4-羟基-2-戊烯酸酯、3-羟基-4-戊烯酸叔丁酯、3-羟基-4-戊烯酸乙酯、2,3,4,5,6-五羟基-2-己烯酸-4-内酯、(2e)-5-羟基-2-戊烯酸乙酯、2-羟基-4-戊烯酸、丙烯酰胺-聚乙二醇-羟基、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(乙二醇)甲基醚丙烯酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有酯基的烯烃单体包括但不限于如下述式5、式6或式7所示的单体的至少一种：

其中，x”'、x””彼此独立地为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0-18；y”'为大于0的整数，优选为1-18；
R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15相同或不同，彼此独立地为R”-CzH2z+1、R”-Cz'H2z'、或R”-Cz”H2z”-1，其中的z、z'彼此独立地为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0-18，z”为大于或等于1整数，优选为1-18，R”不存在或为H、OH、氨基、羧基、C3-12烷氧基、胺基、苯基、苯羟基、苯乙烯基、C3-8环烷基(其中，C3-8环烷基优选环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基)、C3-12环烯基(优选为环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环戊二烯基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有酯基的烯烃单体特别是包括含有丙烯酸酯基、丁烯酸酯基、戊烯酸酯基、己烯酸酯基的烯烃单体。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述含有酯基的烯烃单体特别是优选为选自丙烯酸酯N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸环己酯、聚乙二醇单丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、乙二醇丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酸乙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、N-二甲氨基乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯、烯丙基丙二酸二乙酯、甲基烯丙基二乙酸酯、甲基烯丙基二乙酸酯、4-烯丙基邻苯二酚二乙酸盐、2-甲基烯丙基二乙酸酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸甲酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸乙酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸丙酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸丁酯、丁烯酸苯酯、2-丁烯酸己酯、4-戊烯酸丙酯、4-戊烯酸乙酯、5-氯-3-戊烯酸酯、反-3-戊烯酸甲酯、2-己烯酸甲酯、3-己烯酸甲酯、反-3-己烯酸乙酯、4-己烯酸乙酯中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述交联剂可以包括上述单体中含有至少两个双键的烯烃单体，例如N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二乙烯基苯。此外，也可以包括其它在1分子中含有至少两个双键的烯烃单体，例如1,5-己二烯、丁二烯、戊二烯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯等。
在与交联剂形成交联聚合物时，所述交联剂的添加量为形成交联聚合物的单体总量的0.01-90wt％，优选为0.1-50wt％，更优选为1-30wt％。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述与其它单体的共聚物中的其它单体为：例如含有苯基的烯烃单体(如苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯)、乙烯基吡啶、噻吩及其衍生物、吡咯及其衍生物，苯胺及其衍生物、二乙烯基苯、N,N-己烯胺、2-辛烯-4,6-二炔酰胺、海藻酸及其盐(如海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾)、聚乙二醇、聚醋酸乙烯、聚乙烯醇、纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素)、环糊精及其交联物、壳聚糖及其衍生物、甲壳素及其衍生物。
在含有其它单体时，所述其它单体的添加量为形成共聚物的单体总量的0.01～95wt％,优选为0.1～50wt％,更优选为1～30wt％。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述聚合物还包括在上述聚合物的基础上进一步反应得到的衍生聚合物，如发生磺化反应得到的磺化产物、发生水解反应得到的水解产物等，例如可举出：聚(丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯)进行磺化反应得到的聚(丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯磺酸)；聚醋酸乙烯的水解产物聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩醛或其它聚乙烯醇交联物。
根据本发明的实施方案，本发明所述的催化剂中的无机部分的成分例如选自含有金属元素的无机物；所述金属元素至少包括具有变价特征的金属元素，例如选自钨、钼、钪、铑、钒、铝、锰、铱、锇、钌、铕、铽、铈、钇、铀中的至少一种金属。此外，也可以包括选自铬、锌、镉、磷、硫、钕、钍、锶、镓、铟等中的至少一种元素。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述无机物为上述金属元素的氧化物、硫化物、氢氧化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、金属含氧酸或其盐中的至少一种；或者，由可溶性金属化合物转化得到的在水中和有机溶剂中不溶的金属化合物，例如可举出：向含有氯化锌的水中加入硫化钠得到硫化锌颗粒、向钨酸钠水溶液中加入酸得到钨酸沉淀和/或氧化钨、向三氯化铁的水溶液中加入氢氧化钠得到氢氧化铁和/或氧化铁等。
具体而言，所述无机物例如选自氧化钨、氧化钼、氧化钪、氧化铑、氧化铀、三氯化铁、四氧化三铁、氢氧化铑、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化钒、氧化钒(如五氧化二钒、三氧化钒、二氧化钒)、三氧化二钪、氢氧化钪、和钒酸钇中的至少一种，也可以选自氧化铁、氧化锌、氧化锰、硫化镉、硫化铈、硫酸钒，钨酸、钨酸钠、钨酸钾、钨酸锂、钨酸铵、钨酸铝、钨酸铬、偏钨酸、偏钨酸锂、偏钨酸钠、偏钨酸钾、偏钨酸铵、钼酸、钼酸钠、磷钨酸、磷钨酸铯、磷钼酸、磷钼酸铯、钼酸钾、钼酸锂、钼酸钠、钼酸铵、钼酸铝、钼酸铬、钼酸、偏钼酸、偏钼酸锂、偏钼酸钠、偏钼酸钾、偏钼酸铵、氯铹酸铵、氯铹酸、铬酸钾、铬酸钠、铬酸锂、重铬酸钾、重铬酸钠、高锰酸钾、高锰酸钠、高锰酸锂、氧化钒、钒酸铵、钒酸钠、钒酸钾、钒酸锂、钒酸镁、钒酸钙、钒酸铁、钒酸钇、掺钕钒酸钇、GaN、InN和InGaN等中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂中的所述无机部分的成分还可以含有其它无机组分或助剂，例如：二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化镁、三氧化二锑、硫酸钡、氧化锆、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锶、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铁、盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、草酸、甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、月桂酸等。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机部分与无机部分的质量比可以为1:100～10000:1，优选为1:10～1000:1，更优选为1:1～100:1。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂可以是块状、不规则粉末、球形、多孔等多种形状，优选为球形，进一步优选为球形多孔形态。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机部分的成分可以为聚合物颗粒，优选为具有一定形状的聚合物颗粒，如球形、扁球形、片状、棒状或针状，优选为球形或扁球形。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂的尺寸可以为任意尺寸，一般而言为大于0nm且小于10cm；优选为10nm以上且10mm以下；更优选为50nm-100μm；进一步优选为100nm-50μm。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂主要用于催化聚合反应，特别是可用于光激发催化聚合、尤其是光激发催化活性聚合。所述的光激发例如为：可见光激发、紫外光激发、红外光激发、太阳光激发、x光激发等。
[有机无机复合催化剂的制备]
如前所述，本发明还提供了一种上述催化剂的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将所述有机部分的成分分散在溶剂中，加入无机部分的成分，进行接触后，得到所述催化剂；或者，
将所述有机部分的成分分散在溶剂中，加入无机部分的成分，然后加入沉淀剂进行反应，得到所述催化剂；或者，
将所述有机部分的单体成分分散在溶剂中，加入无机部分的成分，然后进行聚合反应，得到所述催化剂；或者，
将所述有机部分的单体成分分散在溶剂中，加入无机部分的成分，然后进行聚合反应，然后再加入沉淀剂进行反应，得到所述催化剂。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机部分的成分可以为聚合物颗粒，优选为具有一定形状的聚合物颗粒，如球形、扁球形、片状、棒状或针状，优选为球形或扁球形；所述有机部分的单体为前述有机部分的单体；所述无机部分的成分选自含有金属元素的无机物，例如可以为金属盐、金属盐溶液和/或可溶金属化合物溶液。
需要说明的是，在本发明中，“可溶金属化合物”是指除了金属盐之外的可溶于所述溶剂中的金属化合物。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述溶剂可以为：水、醇类、酮类、酰胺类、酯类、烷烃类、芳烃类、离子液体类以及其它溶剂，具体而言，例如水、乙醇、乙二醇、异戊二醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、丙三醇、戊醇、己醇、丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、吡咯烷、二氧六环、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙醇、烷烃(如庚烷、己烷、十二烷等)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机部分的成分与无机部分的成分的质量比可以为1:100～10000：1；优选为1：10～1000：1，更优选1：1～100：1。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述金属盐溶液和/或可溶金属化合物溶液的浓度为0.0001wt％～99.9wt％，优选为0.001wt％～50wt％，更优选为0.1wt％～30wt％。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述沉淀剂为能够与上述金属盐溶液和/或可溶金属化合物溶液反应生成沉淀的物质，优选在水溶液中生成沉淀的物质，可以为酸、碱、酸根离子或络合离子，例如可选自盐酸、草酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸二氢钠、碳酸二氢钾、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸铵、硝酸钠、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、高氯酸、高锰酸钾、高锰酸钠、重铬酸钾、重铬酸钠、氨水、硫化钠、硫化钾、硫化氢、氯化氢、二氧化碳、尿素、硫脲、三氯化铁、二氯化铁、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾或柠檬酸钠中的至少一种。
所述沉淀剂的浓度可以为0.0001wt％～99.9wt％，优选为0.001wt％～50wt％，更优选为0.1wt％～30wt％。
根据本发明的实施方案，首先制备聚合物，然后使用聚合物吸附无机离子，任选进一步加入沉淀剂得到无机有机复合的杂化催化剂。在此反应过程中，通过调整加料方式或反应条件来控制无机颗粒在聚合物中的分散状况和颗粒大小。
根据本发明的实施方案，控制无机颗粒在聚合物中的分散状况和颗粒大小的反应条件包括：
对金属盐溶液和/或可溶金属化合物溶液的浓度、这些溶液与沉淀剂的比例以及、反应温度和反应时间进行控制，例如金属盐溶液和/或可溶金属化合物溶液的浓度可以为大于0且低于饱和浓度，但可优选为0.001wt％～50wt％，更优选为0.1wt％～30wt％；上述溶液与沉淀剂的比例为1:100～100:1，优选为1:10～10:1；反应温度例如为0～210℃，优选为30～150℃，超过100℃可以在高压反应釜中进行；反应时间例如为0.1～200小时，优选为0.5～48小时。
此外，控制无机颗粒在聚合物中的分散状况和颗粒大小的加料方式可以包括：
(1)将所述的无机物加入溶剂中，然后加入聚合物单体和引发剂，引发聚合，最后从溶液中分离得到催化剂；或
(2)将所述的无机物前驱体加入溶剂中，然后加入聚合物单体和引发剂，引发聚合，然后加入能与无机物前驱体反应产生沉淀的物质(即沉淀剂)，最后将产物从溶液中分离得到催化剂；或
(3)在溶剂中加入聚合物单体和引发剂，引发聚合，然后加入无机物，进行分散，最后将产物从溶液中分离得到催化剂；或
(4)在溶剂中加入聚合物单体和引发剂，引发聚合，然后加入无机物前驱体溶液，然后加入可与无机物前驱体反应产生沉淀的物质(即沉淀剂)，最后将产物从溶液中分离得到催化剂；或
(5)将所述聚合物的颗粒分散在溶剂中，加入所述无机物，进行溶解或分散，最后分离得到催化剂；或
(6)将所述聚合物的颗粒分散在溶剂中，加入所述无机物前驱体，然后加入可与无机物前驱体反应产生沉淀的物质(即沉淀剂)，最后将产物从溶液中分离得到催化剂。
利用所述制备方法得到的无机物分散在有机物的表面和/或内部，优选为以无机颗粒分散在有机物的表面和/或内部。无机颗粒的尺寸一般而言小于有机部分的体积，优选为10μm以下，更优选为5μm以下，进一步优选为大于0nm且1μm以下。
上述的有机无机复合催化剂可以是块状、不规则粉末、球形、多孔等多种形状，优选为球形，进一步优选为球形多孔形态。
上述有机无机复合催化剂的尺寸可以为任意尺寸，一般为大于0nm小于10cm；优选为10nm以上且10mm以下；更优选为50nm-100μm；更进一步优选为100nm-50μm。
[负载型催化剂及其制备]
本发明还提供一种负载型催化剂，所述负载型催化剂包括载体和位于所述载体上的上述有机无机复合催化剂。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述载体优选具有多孔结构和/或网络结构，所述多孔结构和/或网络结构可以体现为宏观和/或微观的框架结构、环状结构、纤维状结构、网状结构或织物结构。
根据本发明的实施方案，本发明中对所述载体的形状不做具体限定，可选用本领域已知的形状即可，例如为本领域已知的平面结构(例如为无纺布、针织物、机织物、丝网、渔网、多孔膜、片状或板状)，又例如为本领域已知的立体结构(例如为多孔微球、圆柱状、立方体、长方体、三角形、长条状)、网格状、环状以及其它不规则形状。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述负载型催化剂在任意方向上的尺寸优选为大于0.1微米，进一步优选为小于100厘米，再进一步优选为1微米到10厘米，更近一步优选为2微米到1厘米，例如为10微米、50微米、100微米、500微米。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂与所述载体的连接方式包括化学键结合、粘合剂粘结、超分子作用中的任一种或多种，优选为化学键结合，特别是载体通过化学键与上述有机无机复合催化剂中的有机部分(尤其是有机部分的聚合物)表面的化学基团发生表面反应。优选地，所述表面反应包括酯化、加成、酰胺化、点击化学反应或本领域已知的其它能够将有机无机复合催化剂和载体结合起来的表面反应。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂分布在所述载体的表面、多孔结构和/或网络结构的内外表面，例如分布在纤维状的表面、纤维纺织品或无纺布中纤维的表面或空隙中，框架结构或多孔膜的内外表面。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述有机无机复合催化剂和所述载体的质量比为大于0且小于5:1，优选为0.0000001：1～1:1，更优选为0.00001：1～1:10，再优选为0.00001：1～1:100。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述载体的材料选自无机材料和/或聚合材料，特别是具有多孔结构、网状结构、框架结构或织物结构的材料。优选地，所述无机材料例如为二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、岩棉、沸石、MXene、分子筛、金属网。优选地，所述聚合材料例如为涤纶纤维、锦纶纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维、氨纶纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、维纶纤维、氯纶纤维、海绵中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述载体为具有多孔结构的二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、岩棉、沸石、MXene、分子筛或海绵中的至少一种，或者是具有网状结构的金属网，或者是具有框架或网状结构的纤维织物或无纺布。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述载体还可以选自气凝胶、水凝胶等。
示例性地，所述载体例如选自二氧化硅气凝胶、酚醛气凝胶、有机硅海绵、聚氨酯海绵等。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述载体还可以选自所述聚合物材料的织物、无纺布、纤维织物。
本发明还提供了所述负载型催化剂的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将所述有机无机复合催化剂分散在溶剂中后，加入载体的前驱体溶液，加入反应试剂或沉淀剂后发生表面反应，使载体的前驱体溶液进行沉淀或凝固得到所述负载型催化剂；或者，
将所述有机无机复合催化剂和载体分散在溶剂中，然后加入粘合剂进行表面反应，得到所述负载型催化剂；或者，
将所述有机无机复合催化剂和载体分散在溶剂中，进行表面反应，得到所述负载型催化剂；或者，
将所述有机部分的成分和载体分散在溶剂中进行表面反应，然后加入无机部分的成分，然后加入沉淀剂后反应，原位得到负载型催化剂。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述载体的前驱体溶液是指含有所述载体的溶液或者可以制备得到所述载体的溶液，本发明中不做具体限定。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述表面反应包括酯化、加成、酰胺化、点击化学反应或本领域已知的其它能够将有机无机复合催化剂和载体结合起来的表面反应。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述表面反应的条件可选用本领域已知的方法进行，本发明中不做具体限定。
[有机无机复合催化剂或负载型催化剂的应用]
如前所述，本发明还主要提供了上述催化剂在催化聚合反应中的应用，特别是，在光激发催化聚合反应中的应用，即本发明提供了一种在上述催化剂的催化下进行光激发催化聚合反应的方法。
所述在上述催化剂的催化下进行光激发催化聚合反应的方法包括以下步骤：
在上述有机无机复合催化剂或负载型催化剂存在下，在光激发的条件下进行烯烃单体的聚合反应。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述方法包括以下步骤：将上述有机无机复合催化剂分散在烯烃单体中，在光激发的条件下进行烯烃单体的聚合反应。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述方法包括以下步骤：将上述负载型催化剂分散在在烯烃单体中，在光激发的条件下进行烯烃单体的聚合反应。
或者，将烯烃单体或含有烯烃单体的溶液不断流过负载型催化剂或者循环流过负载型催化剂，在光激发下进行烯烃单体的聚合或共聚合反应。
需要说明的是，在本发明中，将催化剂分散在“烯烃单体”中，此处的“烯烃单体”包括烯烃单体的本体、溶液、分散液、乳液或其它可能的存在形式。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述催化剂与烯烃单体的质量比大于0即可，优选为10:1～1:108，更优选为1:10～1:106。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述催化剂可以分散在烯烃单体的本体、溶液、分散液或乳液中。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述烯烃单体的聚合反应可以为一个单体的均聚反应，也可以为两种以上单体的共聚反应，其中，共聚反应还包括在一种单体聚合后再一并补加或逐次补加另外一种或几种单体进行聚合的共聚反应。
根据本发明的实施方案，用于形成烯烃单体的溶液、分散液或乳液的溶剂可以为水、醇类、酮类、酰胺类、酯类、烷烃类、芳烃类、离子液体类以及其它溶剂，具体而言，例如为水、乙醇、乙二醇、异戊二醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、丙三醇、戊醇、己醇、丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、吡咯烷、二氧六环、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙醇、烷烃(如庚烷、己烷、十二烷等)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述烯烃单体的聚合反应可以为烯烃单体的本体聚合、溶液聚合、悬浮聚合、沉淀聚合等多种聚合反应中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，聚合反应的反应温度可以为室温、高温或低温；优选为-80～150℃(如室温、低温、或高温)，更优选为-30～100℃，进一步优选为-10～60℃，更进一步优选为-15℃～40℃，即室温(低温或室温)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述光激发的聚合反应中，除使用上述催化剂以外，也可以另外添加引发剂或不另外添加引发剂。另外添加引发剂可以获得更复杂的聚合物(如更宽分子量的聚合物)，但优选不另外添加引发剂。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述引发剂可以为本领域通常的光引发剂，例如可举出偶氮二异丁腈、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过氧化苯甲酰、2,4,6(三甲基苯甲酰基)二苯基氧化膦、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-1-丙酮、苯甲酰甲酸甲酯、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、2-甲基-2-(4-吗啉基)-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-1-丙酮。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述聚合反应可以在常压、负压甚至高压下进行，可以根据不同的烯烃单体来选择压力，一般而言优选为常压。但是对于乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、己烯、辛烯等低沸点α-烯烃，优选在高压下进行，压力优选为50Pa-100MPa，优选为100Pa-10MPa，更优选为1KPa-8Mpa，进一步优选为
10KPa-2MPa。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述聚合反应中所述光激发包括但不限于如下激发模式：紫外光照射、太阳光照射、可见光照射、红外光照射、X光照射等；优选为紫外光照射、可见光照射、太阳光照射、或X光照射。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述光激发的催化聚合反应过程的具体示例如下：
(1)将有机无机复合催化剂加入烯烃单体的本体中，在-80～100℃的温度且大于0.5大气压的压力下进行光激发(例如，使用紫外光或可见光进行照射)，得到聚合产物。
(2)将有机无机复合催化剂加入烯烃单体的溶液中，在-80～100℃的温度下且大于0.5大气压的压力下进行光激发(例如，使用紫外光或可见光进行照射)，然后加入聚合物不溶的不良溶剂，沉淀得到聚合产物。
(3)将有机无机复合催化剂加入烯烃单体的分散液中，在-80-100℃的温度下且大于0.5大气压的压力下进行光激发(例如，使用紫外光或可见光进行照射)，得到聚合产物。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述光激发的聚合反应适用于几乎所有的烯烃的聚合反应，聚合反应中的烯烃单体包括但不限于如下述式8所示的烯烃单体：
其中，R16、R17、R18、R19可以相同也可以不同，彼此独立地为R20-Cz”'H2z”'、或R20-Cz””H2z””-1(z”'为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0～28；z”'为大于或等于1整数，优选为1～28)，R20为不存在或为H、苯基、羟基、羧基、酰胺基、酯基、酰氯、氰基、C3-18环烷基(优选为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环 辛基、环庚基)、C3-18环烯基(优选为环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环己烯基、环戊烯基、环戊二烯基)、(其中，*表示连结位点，R21＝CvH2v+1,v＝0-18；或Cv'H2v'-1,v'≥2,优选为2～18)。
所述光激发的聚合反应也可以适用于含有其它可聚合基团的单体，例如：含有炔基的烷烃、噻吩及其衍生物、苯胺及其衍生物、吡咯及其衍生物、环烯烃及其衍生物、烯丙基丙二酸及其衍生物、累积二烯烃及其衍生物(如丙二烯、下述式9所示的化合物(其中w’为大于或等于1的整数，优选为1-18))、共轭二烯烃及其衍生物、孤立二烯烃及其衍生物等。
所述烯烃单体具体包括但不限于如下烯烃单体：
α-烯烃单体，如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、己烯、庚烯、辛烯、壬烯、癸烯、异丁烯、异戊烯、叔戊烯、异己烯、叔己烯、新己烯、烯丙基环戊烷；
双烯烃或多烯烃、环烯烃及其衍生物，如丁二烯、戊二烯、癸二烯、1，2-戊二烯、1，3-戊二烯、1，4-戊二烯、1,5-己二烯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、4-乙烯-1-环己烯、环己烯、环丁烯、环戊二烯及其衍生物、双环戊二烯等；
苯乙烯及其衍生物，如苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、二甲基苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、苯丙烯、苯丙烯酸、4-苯基-1-丁烯、乙基苯乙烯、丙基苯乙烯、丁基苯乙烯、羟基苯乙烯、反式-β-甲基苯乙烯、羧基苯乙烯、4,4-二苯乙烯二羧酸；
醋酸乙烯及其衍生物，如醋酸乙烯、醋酸乙烯甲酯、乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙酸乙烯酯、溴乙酸乙烯酯、醋酸烯丙酯；
丙烯酸及其衍生物、丁烯酸及其衍生物、戊烯酸及其衍生物、己烯酸及其衍生物、辛烯酸及其衍生物，优选丙烯酸及其衍生物和丁烯酸及其衍生物，如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、丙基丙烯酸、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸、烯丙基丙二酸、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸及其相应盐、丁烯酸、甲基丁烯酸、顺式-2-甲基丁烯酸、2-甲基-2-丁烯酸、3-甲基-2-丁烯酸、2-乙基-2-丁烯酸、3-丁烯酸、2-丁烯酸、甲基丁烯二酸酐、反式丁烯酸、4-羟基-2-丁烯酸、丁烯酸苯酯、顺丁烯二酸酐、3-苯基-2-丁烯酸；
丙烯酸酯及其衍生物、丁烯酸酯及其衍生物、戊烯酸酯及其衍生物、己烯酸酯及其衍生物、辛烯酸酯及其衍生物，优选丙烯酸酯及其衍生物和丁烯酸酯及其衍生物，例如丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸二乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、2-(二甲基氨)乙基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸环氧丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、4-羟丁基丙烯酸酯、2-氰基-2-丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸异戊酯、丙烯酸环戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸乙氧基乙氧基乙酯(乙氧基乙氧基乙基丙烯酸酯)、β-羧乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟己基乙基丙烯酸酯、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯、2-(全氟己基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯 酸正戊酯、甲基丙烯酸异戊酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、N-异丙基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸乙二醇酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸单聚乙二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇单丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙二醇丙烯酸乙酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯醇聚氧乙烯醚、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、3-苯丙烯酸异戊酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酸乙酯、己内酯丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基环己基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯、二元醇二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酸乙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯、烯丙基丙二酸二乙酯、甲基烯丙基二乙酸酯、甲基烯丙基二乙酸酯、4-烯丙基邻苯二酚二乙酸盐、2-甲基烯丙基二乙酸酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸甲酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸乙酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸丙酯、2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酸丁酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、丁烯酸甲酯、2-丁烯酸酯、丁烯酸乙酯、丁烯酸丙酯、3-丁烯酸丙酯、2-丁烯酸烯丙酯、顺丁烯二酸酯、丁烯酸苯酯、丁烯酸丁酯、乙基-3-氨基丁烯酸酯、2-丁烯酸-1-环己基乙基酯、2-丁烯酸异丁酯、4-膦酰丁烯酸三乙脂、2-丁烯酸异丁酯；
丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、丁烯酰胺及其衍生物、戊烯酰胺及其衍生物、戊二烯酰胺及其衍生物、己烯酰胺及其衍生物，优选是丙烯酰胺及其衍生物，例如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N，N-二乙基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基-2-甲基丙烯酰胺、N-正丙基丙烯酰胺、N-(3-甲氧基丙基)丙烯酰胺、N-(2-羟基丙基)丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、环丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-[(3-二甲氨基)丙基]丙烯酰胺、二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-丁基丙烯酰胺、N-异丁基丙烯酰胺、N-(1,1-二甲基-3-氧代丁基)丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、N-丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(异丁氧基甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二丁基丙烯酰胺、4-羟基丁基丙烯酰胺、N-戊基丙烯酰胺、戊基苯甲酰胺、环戊基丙烯酰胺、N-正己基丙烯酰胺、N-己基羟肟酸丙烯酰胺、N-环己基丙烯酰胺、N-正辛基丙烯酰胺、N-叔辛基丙烯酰胺、N-十二烷基丙烯酰胺、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N'-(1,2-二羟乙烯)二丙烯酰胺、N,N-双(2-羟基乙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺、2-甲基-N-(2-苯基乙基)-2-丙烯酰胺、N-(p-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-环丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-吡咯烷基丙烯酰胺、α-溴代丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、N,N-二缩水甘油基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二缩水甘油基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(4-环氧丙氧基丁基)丙烯酰胺、N-(4-环氧丙氧基丁基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(5-环氧丙氧基戊基)丙烯酰胺、4-甲基-2-戊烯酰胺、N-苯甲基-4-氯-N-异丁基-2-戊烯酰胺、N-甲氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-乙氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-丙氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-丁氧基-4-戊烯酰胺、(2S,4E)-5-氯-N,N-二甲基-2-异丙基-4-戊烯酰胺、N-乙基E2,E4-己二烯酰胺、N-环丙基E2,E4-己二烯酰胺、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酰胺、N,N-己烯胺、2-辛烯-4,6-二炔酰胺、N-(1-萘)丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺、双丙酮丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸酯N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺；
含有硅氧烷基的烯烃单体，如乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、叔丁烯酰氧乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧硅烷、烯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、四(丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷等。
所述含有其它可聚合基团的单体具体包括但不限于如下可发生自由基聚合的单体，如：乙烯基吡啶、噻吩及其衍生物、吡咯及其衍生物，苯胺及其衍生物、乙炔、丙炔、丙炔氰、二芳基乙烯、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵、烯丙基丙二酸等。
[聚合物及其应用]
本发明还提供一种利用上述方法得到的聚合物。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述聚合物具有可控的分子量分布以及变色性能，例如所述聚合物的分子量分布可以在500-2000000的范围内调节，进一步可以在1000-1000000的范围内调节，PDI可以为1-10，优选为1-4，更优选为1-2。变色性能是指：在可见光或紫外光下可以由无色、白色或浅黄色变为蓝色、红色或绿色。
本发明还提供上述聚合物在变色纤维、变色板材、变色薄膜、变色油墨、变色墨粉、变色胶粘剂、变色节能窗以及伪装和防伪方面的应用。
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解，下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
1.催化剂制备实施例
实施例1
钼酸钠-三氯化铁/聚丙烯酰胺催化剂颗粒的制备
在50mL的烧瓶中加入20mL 0.1g聚丙烯酰胺的水溶液，加入1M(3.6％)的钼酸钠溶液5ml和0.1M的三氯化铁溶液，搅拌90min后，离心分离，干燥粉碎，得到负载有钼酸钠-三氯化铁的催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约0.1～5mm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为0.1～8μm，参见图1)
从图1可以看出，无机颗粒的形态可以为球形。
实施例1A
取100mL甲苯，加入多孔二氧化硅石5g，然后加入0.5g 3-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷，反应3小时，然后分离干燥，得到处理后的载体；取实施例1中的催化剂1g，然后加入10mL庚烷和5g上述处理后的载体，60℃加热反应2小时,得到负载型催化剂，催化剂颗粒和载体的质量比为1:5。经表征可知，在二氧化硅载体的表面含有粗糙表面，即为二氧化硅负载型催化剂。
实施例2
钼酸铵/聚(丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)催化剂颗粒的制备
将3g丙烯酰胺和0.6g N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸铵0.02g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，得到凝胶。取出，用清水洗涤、干燥、粉碎。然后将得到的聚(丙烯酰胺-N,N’- 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)颗粒加入2g钼酸铵和100mL水的溶液中，搅拌30分钟后加入10M(36％)的盐酸10mL，反应1小时后，离心分离，用水充分洗涤、干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约为1～5mm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为3～9μm)
实施例2A
钼酸铵/聚(丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)复合颗粒负载催化剂的制备
将实施例2的催化剂颗粒加入庚烷中，然后加入100g棉纤维织物，然后加入0.1g环氧树脂，常温反应4小时，然后取出纤维织物，用乙醇洗涤干燥得到有机无机复合颗粒负载催化剂，催化剂颗粒和载体的质量比为1:30。
实施例3
氧化钨/聚(丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)催化剂颗粒的制备
将2g钨酸钾、3g丙烯酰胺和0.6g N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸铵0.02g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，将产物加入1％的500mL硫酸溶液中，90度反应1小时。取出，用清水洗涤、干燥、粉碎，可得到约为1～20mm的催化剂颗粒(催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为1～20nm)。
实施例3A
将实施例3中的氧化钨/聚(丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)催化剂颗粒1g分散在100ml乙醇中，然后加入载体100g沸石，然后加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯1g，充分反映3小时，然后取出沸石，用乙醇和水洗涤得到负载型催化剂，催化剂颗粒和载体的质量比为1:200。
实施例4
氧化钨/聚(丙烯酰胺-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)催化剂颗粒的制备
将0.3g丙烯酰胺、1g N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、0.2g N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和0.005g钨酸钾等加入1L水中，然后加入过硫酸钾0.02g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应2小时，然后加入0.1M(0.36％)的盐酸10mL，加入，继续反应3小时，将颗粒取出，洗涤、干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约为0.1～1μm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为20～200nm，参见图2)
实施例5
氧化钨/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)催化剂颗粒的制备
将1g聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)颗粒加入1L水中，然后加入0.1g钨酸钠和0.1M(0.36％)盐酸10mL，通氮气后加热到70℃反应12小时，将颗粒取出，洗涤、干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约为100～500nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为1～50nm，参见图3)
实施例5A
将实施例5的催化剂颗粒分散在水中，加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺各0.2g，然后加入表面含有氨基的聚酯纤维织物，在20-70℃下反应6小时，然后取出纤维织物得到负载型催化剂，催化剂颗粒和聚酯纤维织物的质量比为1:1000形态参见图4。
实施例6
钨酸钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酰胺-N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)-壳聚糖催化剂颗粒的制备
将5g丙烯酰胺、1g N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、1g N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺，0.2g钨酸钠、0.1g壳聚糖加入1L水中，然后加入过硫酸铵0.02g和0.1M(0.36％)的盐酸1mL，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，得到凝胶。取出，洗涤、干燥、粉碎得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约为1～10μm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为100～500nm)
实施例7
氧化钨-氧化钼/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)催化剂颗粒的制备
在500mL烧瓶中加入10g聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)颗粒，加入1L水,充分分散后加入1g钨酸钾和1g钼酸钠，搅拌1小时后加入10M(36％)的盐酸10mL，反应10小时后，离心分离，用水充分洗涤、干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约100～500nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为10～50nm)
实施例7A
将实施例7的催化剂颗粒加入乙醇中，加入聚氨酯无纺布0.1平方米，然后甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯10g，充分反应6小时，得到负载型催化剂，催化剂颗粒和聚酯纤维织物的质量比为1:1000。
实施例8
磷钨酸/聚(丙烯酰胺-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-二乙烯基苯)催化剂颗粒的制备
将1g丙烯酰胺、0.5g二乙烯基苯、2g N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、0.2g磷钨酸加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸铵0.01g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，离心、洗涤、干燥、粉碎得到催化剂颗粒。(颗粒尺寸约50-1000nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为5～100nm)
实施例8A
将实施例8的催化剂颗粒加入乙醇中，加入玻璃丝网0.1平方米，然后加入γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯各5g，充分反应6小时，得到负载型催化剂，催化剂颗粒和玻璃丝网的质量比为1:10000。
实施例9
氧化锌-磷钼酸/聚(丙烯酸甲酯-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯)催化剂颗粒的制备
将1g丙烯酸甲酯、0.5g二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、2g N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、0.2g磷钼酸和0.1g氧化锌加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸铵0.01g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，离心、洗涤、干燥、粉碎得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约10nm～300nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为5～30nm)
实施例10
磷钨酸铯/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-羟甲基丙烯酰胺-二甲基苯乙烯)催化剂颗粒的制备
将1gN-异丙基丙烯酰胺、0.2g二甲基苯乙烯，0.5g羟甲基丙烯酰胺、0.2g磷钨酸加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸钾0.1g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，然后加入50mL 0.3M的氯化铯水溶液，90℃下反应1小时。然后离心、洗涤，干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约50～300nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为5～60nm)
实施例11
氧化铀/聚(丙烯酸甲酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)催化剂颗粒的制备
将10g丙烯酸甲酯、2g乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和0.1g三氯化铀加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸钾0.1g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，然后加入5％的氨水水溶液，90℃下反应1小时。然后离心、洗涤，干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约100～1000nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为5～40nm)
实施例12
硫化镉/聚(2-乙基-2-丁烯酸-三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯)催化剂颗粒的制备
将1g2-乙基-2-丁烯酸、0.2g三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯和0.1g硝酸镉加入500mL水中，然后加入过硫酸钠0.1g，通氮气后加热到70℃反应3小时，然后加入10mL 5％的硫脲水溶液，90℃下反应1小时。然后离心、洗涤，干燥得到催化剂颗粒。(催化剂尺寸约50nm～200nm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为5～60nm)
实施例13
氧化锌/聚(丙烯酰胺-三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯)催化剂颗粒的制备
0.1g醋酸锌加入乙醇中，将10g丙烯酰胺、1g三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯加入乙醇中，50℃下反应6小时，然后加入1mL5％的氨水溶液，继续在50℃下反应3小时。离心、洗涤、干燥得到催化剂。(颗粒尺寸约为100nm～1μm，催化剂中无机颗粒的尺寸为5～200nm)
2.聚合反应实施例
实施例14
将0.05g实施例1的催化剂颗粒分散在含有0.01g偶氮二异丁腈和1g辛烯的500mL甲苯溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于室温照射36小时，然后加入乙醇沉淀，获得聚辛烯(见图5的核磁图，分子量约为10万)。
实施例14A
将0.2g实施例1A的负载型催化剂加入50mL甲苯中,加入苯乙烯单体1g，在紫外光下照射获得聚苯乙烯(分子量约为20万)。
实施例15
将0.2g实施例2的催化剂颗粒分散在含有0.005g过硫酸钾的100mL水中，通氮气30分钟后，抽排瓶中气体，然后持续通入丙烯气体，使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入乙醇沉淀，得到聚丙烯颗粒(分子量约为6万)。
实施例15A
将0.5g实施例2A的负载型催化剂分散在含有0.01g偶氮二异丁腈和1g辛烯的500mL甲苯溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于室温照射36小时，然后加入乙醇沉淀，获得聚辛烯(分子量约为10万)。
实施例16
将0.5g实施例2的催化剂颗粒分散在50mL水中，通氮气30分钟后，抽排瓶中气体，然后持续通入乙烯气体，使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入乙醇沉淀，得到聚乙烯颗粒。
实施例17
将0.5g实施例4的催化剂颗粒分散在50mL水中，通氮气30分钟后，抽排瓶中气体，然后持续通入丙烯气体，使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入乙醇沉淀，得到聚丙烯(参见图6的红外谱图)。
实施例18
将0.01g实施例5的催化剂颗粒分散在含有10g甲基丙烯酸甲酯的500mL二甲亚砜的溶液中，使用3瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入乙醇沉淀，得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(分子量约6万)。
实施例18A
将1g实施例5A的负载型催化剂放入100mL甲苯中，通氮气30分钟后，抽排瓶中气体，然后加入5g甲基丙烯酸甲酯，使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应24小时后得到超高分子量的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合物。(分子量为306万，如图11所示)
实施例19
将0.01g实施例5的催化剂颗粒分散在含有10g苯乙烯的500mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的溶液中，使用3瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入乙醇沉淀，得到聚苯乙烯颗粒(分子量约5000)。
实施例20
将0.01g实施例6的催化剂颗粒分散在含有1g N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和0.2g N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的500mL水溶液中，通氮气30分钟，使用3瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，离心分离得到聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)聚合物颗粒(交联聚合物颗粒)。
实施例20A
将1g实施例7A的负载型催化剂颗粒分散在含有2g丙烯酰胺和0.2g N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的500mL水溶液中，使用3瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时得到聚丙烯酰胺(分子量60万)。
实施例20B
将1g实施例7A的负载型催化剂颗粒分散分散在500mL乙醇中，加入10g甲基丙烯酸甲酯，使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
实施例21
将0.01g实施例6的催化剂颗粒分散在含有1g甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的500mL四氢呋喃溶液中，通氮气30分钟，使用24瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，离心分离得到聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)聚合物(分子量约100万)。
实施例22
将0.1g实施例3的催化剂颗粒分散在含有0.005g过氧化苯甲酰和5g苯乙烯的250mL四氢呋喃溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中在太阳光下于40℃照射8小时，加入乙醇沉淀，获得聚苯乙烯(见图7的核磁图和图8的分子量分布图，分子量约为4万)。
从图7和8可以看出，获得了窄分子量分布的聚苯乙烯(PDI＝1.5)。
实施例22A
将2g实施例3A的负载型催化剂分散在乙醇100mL中，通氮气30分钟后，抽排瓶中气体，然后持续加入5g苯乙烯，使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后得到聚苯乙烯烯颗粒。(分子量约为20万)。
实施例23
将0.1g实施例3的催化剂颗粒分散在含有5g对甲基苯乙烯的250mL四氢呋喃溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中在太阳光下于40℃照射8小时，加入乙醇沉淀，获得聚对甲基苯乙烯(分子量约为5万)。
实施例24
将0.01g实施例4的催化剂颗粒分散在含有5g丙烯酰胺的500mL水溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用X光灯下于0℃照射12小时，获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(分子量约为10万)。
实施例25
将0.002g实施例5的催化剂颗粒分散在含有1g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.1g十二烷基硫酸钠的500mL水溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用3瓦紫外灯下于室温照射36小时，获得聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(见图9的分子量分布图，分子量约为3万)。
实施例26
将0.002g实施例9的催化剂颗粒分散在含有0.5g N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的250mL水溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用3瓦紫外灯下于5℃照射36小时，获得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(分子量约为6万)。
实施例27
将0.002g实施例10的催化剂颗粒分散在含有2g 3-丁烯酸丙酯的250mL甲苯溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用3瓦紫外灯下于80℃照射36小时，获得聚3-丁烯酸丙酯(分子量约为6万)。
实施例28
将0.002g实施例6的催化剂颗粒分散在含有200g醋酸乙烯的1000mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于室温照射36小时，然后加水沉淀得到聚醋酸乙烯(分子量约为6万)。
实施例29
将0.05g实施例11的催化剂颗粒分散在含有200g丙烯酸和0.5g二乙烯苯的2500mL甲苯溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于室温照射36小时，获得聚(丙烯酸-二乙烯基苯)颗粒(分子量约为1万)。
实施例30
将0.05g实施例12的催化剂颗粒分散在含有200g聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯的1000mL四氢呋喃溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于40℃照射6小时，获得聚(聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯)颗粒(分子量约为10万)。
实施例31
将0.05g实施例8的催化剂颗粒分散在含有2g甲基丙烯酸甲酯的100mL乙醇溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于20度照射36小时，获得聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)，过滤、洗涤得到聚合物(分子量8万)。
实施例31A
将1g实施例8A的负载型催化剂分散在100mL水中，通氮气30分钟后，然后加入乙烯醋酸乙烯酯10g， 使用12瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，得到聚乙烯醋酸乙烯。
实施例32
将0.001g实施例9的催化剂颗粒分散在含有2g乙烯基三乙酰氧硅烷的200mL乙醇溶液中，通氮气30分钟，搅拌中使用12瓦紫外灯下于60℃照射12小时，获得聚(乙烯基三乙酰氧硅烷)，过滤、洗涤得到聚合物。
实施例33
将0.01g实施例4的催化剂颗粒分散在含有3g苯乙烯和3g丙烯酰胺的500mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的溶液中，使用3瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入乙醇沉淀，得到聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺)共聚物(分子量约5000)。
实施例34
将0.01g实施例5的催化剂颗粒分散在含有5g甲基丙烯酸甲酯的500mL的四氢呋喃溶液中，使用3瓦紫外灯下照射，反应5小时后，加入3g苯乙烯，然后继续聚合反应，10小时后用乙醇沉淀，得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚苯乙烯的共聚物。
3.聚合物变色性能测试
将实施例25的聚合物在手提紫外检测仪ZF-7A紫外灯下照射十分钟，如图10所示，聚合物的颜色肉眼可见地发生变化。
以上，对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是，本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种在有机无机复合催化剂的催化下进行光激发催化聚合反应的方法，其包括以下步骤：
    将有机无机复合催化剂分散在烯烃单体中，在光激发的条件下进行烯烃单体的聚合反应，
    其中，所述有机无机复合催化剂包括有机部分和无机部分，所述无机部分以无机颗粒的形式分散在有机部分的表面和/或内部，并且所述无机颗粒的尺寸为100μm以下。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机无机复合催化剂中，所述有机部分的成分例如选自聚合物，所述聚合物包括但不限于：含有酰胺基、羧基、羟基或酯基的烯烃单体的均聚物；或两种以上含有酰胺基、羧基、羟基或酯基的烯烃单体的共聚物；或一种以上含有酰胺基、羧基、羟基或酯基的烯烃单体与交联剂形成的交联聚合物；或一种以上含有酰胺基、羧基、羟基或酯基的烯烃单体与其它单体的共聚物；或上述聚合物进一步反应得到的衍生物。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机无机复合催化剂中，无机部分的成分例如选自含有金属元素的无机物；所述金属元素至少包括具有变价特征的金属元素，例如选自钨、钼、钪、铑、钒、铝、锰、铱、锇、钌、铕、铽、铈、钇、铀中的至少一种金属，并且，还包括选自铬、锌、镉、磷、硫、钕、钍、锶、镓、铟等中的至少一种元素。
    优选地，所述有机部分与无机部分的质量比可以为1:100～10000:1，优选为1:10～1000:1，更优选为1:1～100:1。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂与烯烃单体的质量比大于0，优选为10:1～1:108，更优选为1:10～1:106。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述聚合反应中的烯烃单体包括但不限于如下述式8所示的烯烃单体：
    其中，R16、R17、R18、R19可以相同也可以不同，彼此独立地为R20-Cz”'H2z”'、或R20-Cz””H2z””-1(z”'为大于或等于0的整数，优选为0～28；z””为大于或等于1整数，优选为1～28)，R20为不存在或为H、苯基、羟基、羧基、酰胺基、酯基、酰氯、氰基、C3-18环烷基(优选为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环 辛基、环庚基)、C3-18环烯基(优选为环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环己烯基、环戊烯基、环戊二烯基)、(其中，*表示连结位点，R21＝CvH2v+1,v＝0-18；或Cv'H2v'-1,v'≥2,优选为2～18)。
  6. 一种利用权利要求1～5中任一项所述的方法得到的聚合物。
  7. 权利要求6所述的聚合物在变色纤维、变色板材、变色薄膜、变色油墨、变色墨粉、变色胶粘剂、变色节能窗以及伪装和防伪中的应用。
  8. 一种有机无机复合催化剂，其特征在于，所述催化剂包括有机部分和无机部分，所述无机部分以无机颗粒的形式分散在有机部分的表面和/或内部，并且所述无机颗粒的尺寸为100μm以下。
  9. 一种负载型催化剂，其特征在于，所述负载型催化剂包括载体和位于所述载体上的权利要求8所述有机无机复合催化剂。
  10. 一种权利要求8所述的有机无机复合催化剂或权利要求9所述负载型催化剂在光催化聚合反应中的应用，特别是在光催化活性聚合反应中的应用。
PCT/CN2023/080837 2022-03-11 2023-03-10 一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用 WO2023169566A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210239605 2022-03-11
CN202210239605.0 2022-03-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023169566A1 true WO2023169566A1 (zh) 2023-09-14

Family

ID=87936164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2023/080837 WO2023169566A1 (zh) 2022-03-11 2023-03-10 一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116813823A (zh)
WO (1) WO2023169566A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63254111A (ja) * 1987-04-11 1988-10-20 F S K Kk 親水性（メタ）アクリル酸誘導体類モノマ−用光重合触媒
CN102000610A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2011-04-06 常熟理工学院 钨系或钼系多金属氧酸盐超分子化合物及其制备方法和应用
CN104768646A (zh) * 2012-10-10 2015-07-08 阿尔比马尔欧洲有限公司 具有增强的活性的负载型加氢处理催化剂
CN105562116A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-05-11 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 一种负载的金属催化剂的制备方法
CN108034073A (zh) * 2017-12-06 2018-05-15 北京服装学院 一种智能变化的颗粒及其制备方法
CN114377727A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-22 安徽壹石通材料科学研究院有限公司 一种包埋型金属催化剂

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63254111A (ja) * 1987-04-11 1988-10-20 F S K Kk 親水性（メタ）アクリル酸誘導体類モノマ−用光重合触媒
CN102000610A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2011-04-06 常熟理工学院 钨系或钼系多金属氧酸盐超分子化合物及其制备方法和应用
CN104768646A (zh) * 2012-10-10 2015-07-08 阿尔比马尔欧洲有限公司 具有增强的活性的负载型加氢处理催化剂
CN105562116A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-05-11 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 一种负载的金属催化剂的制备方法
CN108034073A (zh) * 2017-12-06 2018-05-15 北京服装学院 一种智能变化的颗粒及其制备方法
CN114377727A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-22 安徽壹石通材料科学研究院有限公司 一种包埋型金属催化剂

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116813823A (zh) 2023-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Dadashi-Silab et al. Conjugated cross-linked phenothiazines as green or red light heterogeneous photocatalysts for copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization
CN101835811A (zh) 制备复合颗粒水性分散体的方法
TW201114813A (en) Method for one step immobilizing TiO2 crystalline nano-particles on polymer support and use of the same
CN105749762A (zh) 一种具有光催化活性的高分子复合膜材料及其制备方法
WO2020107933A1 (zh) 适合生产超细粒径聚烯烃的催化剂及其制备方法和应用
WO2016110699A2 (en) Sio2-layered double hydroxide microspheres and their use as catalyst supports in ethylene polymerisation
Zhang et al. UV-curable photosensitive silicone resins based on a novel polymerizable photoinitiator and GO-modified TiO2 nanoparticles
WO2023169566A1 (zh) 一种用于光激发催化聚合反应的催化剂及其应用
WO2023272792A1 (zh) 一种含氟交替聚合物的制备方法
CN109021246B (zh) 一种温度响应性金属有机框架纳米晶体及制备方法和应用
Mohammadi et al. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline using a magnetic polymer-ZnO composite
Najafidoust et al. The role of Diethanolamine as stabilizer in controlling morphology, roughness and photocatalytic activity of ZnO coatings in sonophotodegradation of methylene blue
Myint et al. A separation-free and pizza-structure PAM/GCN/PAA composite hydrogel (PCH) in wastewater treatment at visible light or solar light
CN102040769B (zh) 粘土增强聚丙烯釜内合金及其制备方法
Ali et al. Polyacrylamide hybrid nanocomposites hydrogels for efficient water treatment
Yu et al. Preparation of titanium dioxide/poly (methyl methacrylate‐co‐n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) hybrid composite particles via emulsion polymerization
Han et al. Tunable Nitrogen Defects on Graphitic Carbon Nitride toward the Visible-Light-Induced Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization
CN108034073B (zh) 一种智能变化的颗粒及其制备方法
Wang et al. Surface initiated graft polymerization from carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under sunlight illumination
CN105524193A (zh) 一种负载型茂金属催化剂及其制备方法
Lin et al. Polyselenonium salt as a heterogeneous catalyst for living/controlled cationic polymerization
CN106432581A (zh) 一种粒径分散窄的超细交联pmma微球的制备方法
CN110721746A (zh) 一种用酞菁修饰的磁性温敏纳米微球及合成方法
CN112588322B (zh) 超疏水聚合物/钛基光催化气凝胶块材及其制备方法
CN112831147A (zh) 一种变色颗粒及其制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23766143

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1