WO2023169026A1 - 车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆 - Google Patents

车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023169026A1
WO2023169026A1 PCT/CN2022/138062 CN2022138062W WO2023169026A1 WO 2023169026 A1 WO2023169026 A1 WO 2023169026A1 CN 2022138062 W CN2022138062 W CN 2022138062W WO 2023169026 A1 WO2023169026 A1 WO 2023169026A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speaker
vehicle seat
box
seat according
sound
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/138062
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张鹏举
陶建成
邹海山
仲旭
吴晟
邱小军
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023169026A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023169026A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/64—Back-rests or cushions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/879—Head-rests with additional features not related to head-rest positioning, e.g. heating or cooling devices or loudspeakers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q5/00—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D33/00—Seats
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase

Definitions

  • the present application relates to smart vehicle technology, and in particular, to a vehicle seat, a speaker and a vehicle.
  • ANC Active noise control
  • the basic principle of active noise reduction control is based on the destructive interference phenomenon of sound waves. It uses artificially added anti-noise sources (also called secondary sound sources) to make the sound waves (also called anti-noise) emitted by the noise sources (also called anti-noise sources) interact with each other.
  • the noise emitted by the primary sound source (called the primary sound source) produces destructive interference, thereby achieving noise reduction.
  • This application provides a vehicle seat, a speaker and a vehicle, which can improve the noise reduction effect.
  • a first aspect of this application provides a vehicle seat, which includes a backrest and a speaker; the backrest includes a first frame and a skin; the speaker is installed on the first frame; and the skin is provided with a first opening. , viewed from the direction facing the first opening, the first opening coincides with the position of the speaker.
  • arranging the speakers as anti-noise sources in the backrest can achieve good noise reduction effects in a wider range than arranging the speakers in the headrests. Robustness to movement of the sitter's head.
  • the distance between the anti-noise source and the sitter's ears is appropriately increased, making the current noise of the active noise reduction system less impact on people's hearing, and improving noise reduction. Effect.
  • the backrest has more space, so it does not impose any major restrictions on the size and other specifications of the speaker, and avoids a decrease in the noise reduction effect.
  • the speaker in this solution is positioned at a more appropriate distance from the occupant's ears, which improves the noise reduction effect and reduces power consumption.
  • the speaker since the speaker is installed on the first frame of the backrest, the installation strength of the speaker can be improved, its position stability can be improved, and the noise reduction effect can be improved.
  • the first opening faces upward.
  • the noise reduction effect can be improved. Specifically, for example, compared with the first opening facing forward, it can be avoided that the seated person's back blocks the first opening, causing the noise resistance reaching the ears to be weakened and the noise reduction effect to be reduced.
  • the vehicle seat further includes a headrest, and the first opening is arranged staggered from the headrest in the left-right direction.
  • the first frame has a shoulder, a downwardly concave recess is provided on the shoulder, and the speaker is arranged in the recess.
  • the mounting strength of the speaker can be easily improved.
  • a shield is installed on the skin, the shield covers the first opening and is provided with a plurality of through holes.
  • the speaker can be prevented from being squeezed or scratched.
  • a mounting component is configured on the skin; the shield is installed on the skin by being mounted on the mounting component, and the shield is detachable. way to install on the mounting parts.
  • the shield is detachable, the speaker can be easily maintained or replaced.
  • the guard is mounted on the skin through the mounting member, and the guard can be easily installed.
  • the shield is circular and the mounting component is square.
  • the shield can be easily installed on the skin through the square mounting component, compared with a circular shield being directly installed on the skin.
  • the speaker includes a first cabinet; a second cabinet is configured on the first frame; the first cabinet is detachably inserted into the second cabinet. in the box.
  • the second box is disposed on the frame, and the first box of the speaker is inserted into the second box. In this way, the speaker can be easily maintained or replaced.
  • a first interface is provided on the first box; a second interface is provided on the second box, and the first interface and the second interface Electrical connection.
  • the first box is provided with a first interface
  • the second box is provided with a second interface.
  • the first interface and the second interface Electrical connections are also possible, allowing the speakers to be easily installed, maintained or replaced.
  • the speaker includes a first box and a sound-generating unit, the sound-generating unit is installed on the first box; the sound-generating unit is installed on the first box in a manner capable of performing a first rotation.
  • the first rotation is a rotation centered on a first axis arranged along the left-right direction.
  • the direction of the sound-emitting unit can be adjusted, thereby easily improving the noise reduction effect.
  • the vehicle seat further includes a first motor, the first motor being used to drive the sound-generating unit to perform the first rotation.
  • the direction of the sound unit can be automatically adjusted, thereby easily improving the noise reduction effect.
  • the vehicle seat further includes a control device that obtains the ear position information of the seated person and controls the first motor to drive the sound-generating unit to perform the desired operation according to the ear position information. Describe the first rotation.
  • the noise reduction effect can be improved by adjusting the direction of the sound-emitting unit according to the seated ear position information.
  • the speaker is installed on the first frame in a manner capable of performing a second rotation, and the second rotation is centered on a second axis arranged along the left-right direction. Turn.
  • the direction of the sound-emitting unit can be adjusted, thereby easily improving the noise reduction effect.
  • the vehicle seat further includes a second motor, the second motor being used to drive the speaker to perform the second rotation.
  • the direction of the sound unit can be automatically adjusted, thereby easily improving the noise reduction effect.
  • the vehicle seat further includes a control device that obtains the ear position information of the seated person and controls the second motor to drive the speaker according to the ear position information.
  • the second rotation is obtained by the vehicle seat.
  • the noise reduction effect can be improved by adjusting the direction of the sound-emitting unit according to the seated ear position information.
  • the speaker can move between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the speaker protrudes from the first opening outside the skin. outside the surface; in the second position, the speaker is submerged in the outer surface of the skin.
  • the speaker can be moved to a first position protruding outside the outer surface of the skin when active noise reduction control is performed, and the speaker can be submerged into all parts of the skin when active noise reduction control is not required. In this way, the speaker can be reliably prevented from being damaged due to collision or other reasons.
  • the vehicle seat further includes a third motor, the third motor being used to drive the speaker to move between the first position and the second position.
  • the speaker includes a diaphragm, and the diaphragm is arranged toward the front.
  • the diaphragm is arranged toward the front, which on the one hand can improve the noise reduction effect, and on the other hand, can reliably prevent the speaker from being damaged due to collisions and other reasons.
  • the backrest further includes a pad, an accommodation hole is provided on the pad, and the speaker is accommodated in the accommodation hole; the hole wall of the accommodation hole is in contact with the accommodation hole.
  • the minimum distance between the front surfaces of the pads is greater than 0.5 centimeters (cm).
  • the minimum distance between the hole wall of the accommodation hole and the front surface of the pad is greater than 0.5 cm, the decrease in riding comfort can be suppressed.
  • the backrest further includes a pad, a receiving hole is provided on the pad, and the speaker is received in the receiving hole; the inner wall of the receiving hole is provided with a reinforced Muscles.
  • the inner wall of the accommodation hole is provided with reinforcement ribs, it is possible to suppress a decrease in riding comfort.
  • the angle between the center line of the diaphragm of the speaker and the vertical direction is set to 0 to 60 degrees.
  • the diameter of the diaphragm of the speaker is set to 1 to 4 inches.
  • the speaker includes a first box, and the inner cavity volume of the first box is 1 to 3 liters.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a speaker, which includes a mounting portion for mounting on a frame of a backrest of a vehicle seat.
  • the speaker further includes a first box and a sound-emitting unit, the sound-emitting unit is installed on the first box, and the mounting part is provided on the first box.
  • the inner cavity volume of the first box is 1 to 3 liters.
  • the diameter of the diaphragm of the speaker is set to 1 to 4 inches.
  • the mounting part includes a guide part.
  • the speaker is used to switch between the first position and the second position under the control of the control device.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, which is characterized by including a vehicle seat having any structure in the first aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a noise reduction control method, which includes: obtaining sound information; determining anti-noise information according to the sound information; and issuing a first control instruction according to the anti-noise information, and the control instruction is used to cause the speaker to Emit anti-noise.
  • the method further includes: issuing a second control instruction, where the second control instruction is used to adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker.
  • the method further includes: obtaining the position information of the user's ear; and issuing the second control instruction according to the position information of the user's ear.
  • the method further includes: obtaining the user's identity information; and issuing the second control instruction according to the user's identity information.
  • the sound emission direction since the sound emission direction is adjusted according to the user's identity information, the sound emission direction can be adapted to the user's settings, etc., so that the user can experience a good noise reduction effect.
  • the fourth aspect also includes: issuing a third control instruction, where the third control instruction is used to adjust the height position of the speaker.
  • the method further includes: obtaining the position information of the user's ear; and issuing the third control instruction according to the position information of the user's ear.
  • the user can experience a good noise reduction effect.
  • the method further includes: obtaining the user's identity information; and issuing the third control instruction according to the user's identity information.
  • the height position of the speaker is adjusted according to the user's identity information, the height of the speaker can be adapted to the user's settings, etc., so that the user can experience a good noise reduction effect.
  • the speaker is provided in the backrest of the vehicle seat.
  • the fifth aspect of this application provides a noise reduction control device, which includes a processing module and an acquisition module; the acquisition module is used to acquire sound information; the processing module is used to: determine anti-noise information according to the sound information; The anti-noise information is used to issue a first control instruction, and the control instruction is used to cause the speaker to emit anti-noise.
  • the processing module is also used to issue a second control instruction, and the second control instruction is used to adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker.
  • the acquisition module is also used to acquire the position information of the user's ear;
  • the processing module is specifically configured to issue the second control instruction according to the position information of the user's ear.
  • the acquisition module is also used to acquire the user's identity information
  • the processing module is specifically configured to issue the second control instruction according to the user's identity information.
  • the processing module is further configured to issue a third control instruction, and the third control instruction is used to adjust the height position of the speaker.
  • the acquisition module is further configured to acquire the position information of the user's ear; the processing module is specifically configured to issue the third control according to the position information of the user's ear. instruction.
  • the acquisition module is further configured to acquire the user's identity information; the processing module is specifically configured to issue the third control instruction according to the user's identity information.
  • the speaker is provided in the backrest of the vehicle seat.
  • a sixth aspect of the present application provides a computer program, which is characterized in that when the computer program is run by a computer, it causes the computer to execute the method of any one of the solutions in the fourth aspect.
  • a seventh aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is characterized in that a computer program is stored therein.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run by a computer, the computer program causes the computer to execute the method of any solution in the fourth aspect.
  • An eighth aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, which is characterized in that it includes a processor and a memory.
  • the memory stores a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run by the processor, the computer program causes the processor to execute the fourth aspect. Either way.
  • This application proposes a vehicle seat for active noise reduction in the car cabin. Compared with the existing solution of installing the anti-noise source in the headrest, the speaker as the anti-noise source is placed in the backrest. Internally, the active noise reduction system’s robustness to head movements of drivers and passengers has been improved.
  • this application proposes a vehicle seat for active noise reduction in a car cabin.
  • the backrest frame is improved so that it can easily install a speaker containing a cavity. Inside the seat backrest.
  • this application proposes a vehicle seat for active noise reduction in the car cabin.
  • the distance between the anti-noise source and the human ear is appropriately increased, so that the current of the active noise reduction system is Noise has less impact on people's sense of hearing, improving the noise reduction effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of active noise reduction control
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a seat provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is another three-dimensional schematic view of a seat provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a seat provided in the embodiment of the present application with the skin and padding removed;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a seat with a different structure from Figure 4 provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic top view of a seat provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another installation structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is another schematic diagram of the installation structure of the speaker in Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the case structure of a speaker different from the structure of Figure 9 provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another adjustment structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a mobile structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is an explanatory diagram of a noise reduction control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic illustration of a test method for testing the noise reduction effect of the noise reduction solution of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, a vehicle seat, a speaker, etc., which can improve the noise reduction effect.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of active noise reduction control. Shown in this figure is the feedforward active noise reduction control method.
  • the noise emitted by the noise source propagates downstream along the propagation path.
  • the reference sensor collects the noise input signal, and the error sensor collects the residual signal.
  • the signals from both parties are sent to the controller, which is processed by the adaptive control algorithm. , output a control signal to the anti-noise source (such as a speaker), so that the anti-noise source generates anti-noise that can destructively interfere with the noise.
  • the reference sensor may include a microphone (such as a microphone) and an accelerometer (which may also be called a vibration sensor), and the error sensor may include a microphone.
  • feedforward active noise reduction control there is also feedback active noise reduction control.
  • the feedback active noise reduction control scheme the reference sensor in Figure 1 is omitted and the signal of the error sensor is used for control. It can be understood that the specific operation method in the controller in the feedback control scheme is different from the operation method in the feedforward control scheme. In the embodiments of this application, the specific method of active noise reduction control is not particularly limited. Feedforward active noise reduction control can be used, feedback active noise reduction control can be used, or a combination of feedforward and feedback control can be used. .
  • the front, rear, left, right, and up and down directions are defined based on the vehicle.
  • the front and rear directions are the front and rear directions when the vehicle is driving forward
  • the left and right directions are the left and right directions of the vehicle
  • the up and down directions are the up and down directions of the vehicle.
  • these directions are consistent with the driver's direction.
  • the front, rear, left, right, and upper directions are consistent.
  • the directions of the seat or its components described in this article refer to the occupancy of the seat facing forward and the backrest of the seat relative to The direction in which the seat cushion is roughly upright.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • vehicle 200 includes a seat 100 , a control device 81 , a reference sensor 82 , and an error sensor 83 .
  • the seat 100 is for a person 300 to sit on, and includes a seat cushion 10 , a backrest 20 , a headrest 30 and a speaker 40 .
  • the speaker 40 is an anti-noise source in automatic noise reduction control and is installed on the backrest 20 .
  • the reference sensor 82 is used to collect reference signals of noise, and may include, for example, an accelerometer (also called a vibration sensor) provided on the vehicle body or suspension, or may also include a microphone provided in the cabin.
  • the error sensor 83 is used to detect residual noise, and may include, for example, a microphone disposed in the ceiling or headrest 30 .
  • the sensor information of the reference sensor 82 and the error sensor 83 is sent to the control device 81.
  • the control device 81 performs corresponding calculations and outputs a control signal to the speaker 40, so that the speaker 40 generates anti-noise that can interfere destructively with the noise.
  • the anti-noise and noise are superimposed on each other, so that at least the noise near the ears of the seat 100 is effectively attenuated, thereby achieving noise reduction.
  • the speaker 40 is installed on the backrest 20 .
  • a relatively reliable noise reduction effect can be provided for the seated person 300.
  • the distance between the speaker 40 and the ear of the seated person is more appropriate, so a good noise reduction effect can be obtained and power consumption can be reduced.
  • the speaker is installed in the headrest 30 , for example, it can be prevented that the speaker is too close to the ear of the seated person and the current noise of the speaker affects the hearing sense of the seated person, thereby improving the noise reduction effect.
  • the space in the backrest 20 is relatively sufficient compared to the headrest 30, it is possible to prevent the noise reduction effect from being reduced due to the limited size of the speaker 40.
  • control device 81 the reference sensor 82, the error sensor 83 and the seat 100 (and the speaker 40) constitute an automatic noise reduction control system.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a seat provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is another three-dimensional schematic view of a seat provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the seat provided in the embodiment of the present application with the skin and padding removed.
  • the seat 100 includes a seat cushion 10 , a backrest 20 , a headrest 30 and a speaker 40 .
  • the seat cushion 10 is used to support the buttocks of the person sitting.
  • the backrest 20 is installed at the rear of the seat cushion 10, and the inclination angle can be adjusted through a backrest angle adjustment mechanism (not shown).
  • the backrest 20 is used to support the back of the person sitting.
  • the headrest 30 is installed on the upper part of the backrest 20 and protrudes upward from the backrest 20 to support the head and neck of the person sitting.
  • the speaker 40 is installed on the upper half of the backrest 20 and its sound emitting direction is upward. Since the seated person's head is usually at approximately the same height as the headrest 30 and is higher than the upper surface of the backrest 20, the speaker 40 is installed on the upper half of the backrest 20 and its sound emitting direction is directed upward, so that the speaker 40 can be used as much as possible. The sound waves emitted by the speaker 40 reach more near the head of the seated person, so that a good noise reduction effect can be obtained.
  • speakers 40 are respectively provided on both sides of the headrest 30 .
  • the specific structure of the speaker 40 is not particularly limited and may be a single speaker or a speaker array.
  • its sound emission direction can be understood as the direction of the center line of the diaphragm; for a speaker array, its sound emission direction can be understood as the direction with the strongest sound waves. It can be understood that the sound waves emitted by the speaker 40 do not only propagate along the sound emission direction, but also spread to the surroundings. Therefore, although the sound emitting direction of the speaker 40 is upward, the sound waves emitted by the speaker 40 can propagate to the vicinity of the ears of the seated person 300 .
  • the sound emitting direction of the speaker 40 is not limited to upward, and may also be directed to the left, right or front, for example.
  • the speaker 40 may be tilted so that the sound emission direction is tilted to the left or right or forward with respect to the up and down direction.
  • the speaker 40 can not only be used as an anti-noise source, but can also be used as a sound source for playing music or speech.
  • the speaker 40 can be installed not only on the driver's seat, but also on the passenger seat or the rear seat.
  • speakers 40 are respectively installed on both sides of the headrest 30 .
  • the present application is not limited thereto, and the speakers 40 may be installed only on one side of the headrest 30 .
  • the backrest 20 has a frame 21 , a pad 22 and a skin 23 .
  • the frame 21 can be made of a variety of pipe materials or plates, and is the main force-bearing mechanism of the backrest 20 .
  • the pad 22 is provided on the frame 21 and may be made of polyurethane material, for example, to provide cushioning for the seated person 300 and improve riding comfort.
  • the skin 23 is wrapped outside the pad 22 and can be made of leather or cloth to improve aesthetics and riding comfort.
  • the seat cushion 10 also includes a frame, a padding and a skin.
  • the speaker 40 is installed on the frame 21 .
  • the mounting strength of the speaker 40 can be improved, its positional stability can be improved, and the stability of the noise reduction effect can be improved.
  • the specific installation method of the speaker 40 is not particularly limited. For example, screws, buckles, or welding may be used.
  • the part, buckle part or welding part on the speaker 40 used for installing screws corresponds to the installation part of the speaker in this application, and the installation part is used to be installed on the frame of the backrest.
  • the frame 21 has a shoulder 211 on which the speaker 40 is mounted from the front.
  • the shoulder 211 is made of pipe material.
  • the installation position of the speaker 40 is not limited to this, and may also be installed on the left and right sides of the frame 21 , for example.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a seat with a different structure than that of FIG. 5 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the shoulder 211 of the frame 21 has a downwardly concave recess 211 a, and the speaker 40 is mounted in the recess 211 a.
  • the mounting strength of the speaker 40 can be easily improved.
  • the reduction in comfort of the backrest 20 caused by the installation of the speaker 40 can also be suppressed.
  • the speaker 40 is made of harder material than the pad 22 and the cover 23 . Therefore, when the seated person 300 leans on the backrest 20 , he or she may feel the hard material in the pad 22 through touch. quality objects, resulting in reduced riding comfort. The thinner the material of the pad 22 between the speaker 40 and the rider 300 is, the easier it is for the rider to have this feeling.
  • a concave recess 211 a is provided on the shoulder 211 of the frame 21 , and the speaker 40 is arranged in the recess 211 a. Therefore, compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the speaker is smaller 40 is positioned relatively rearward, so that the thickness of the portion of the pad 22 located directly in front of the speaker 40 is thicker, that is, the cushioning material between the speaker 40 and the back of the seated person 300 is thicker, thereby inhibiting the seated person 300 from moving. The presence of the hard speaker 40 is felt through tactile sensation, thereby suppressing a decrease in riding comfort.
  • the shoulder portion 211 of the frame 21 includes a pipe material, and the above-mentioned recessed portion 211a is formed by bending the pipe material. In this way, the recessed portion 211a can be easily formed.
  • the recessed portion 211a in this embodiment is open toward the outside in the left-right direction, that is, the recessed portion 211a on the left side is opened toward the left side, and the recessed portion 211a on the right side is opened toward the right side. In this way, the structure can be simplified and the frame 21 can be easily manufactured.
  • the recessed portion 211a of this embodiment can also be described as: viewed from the front-to-back direction, the recessed portion 211a on the left side only has one side wall portion, that is, the right side wall portion, and does not have a left side wall portion.
  • the recessed portion 211a on the right side only has one side wall portion. It has one side wall part, that is, the left side wall part, but does not have the right side wall part.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the speaker 40 includes a box 41 and a sound unit 42 .
  • the box 41 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, a square cylinder or other shapes, and has a cavity inside.
  • the box 41 can be made of plastic, wood or other materials.
  • the sound generating unit 42 is accommodated in this cavity.
  • the sound unit 42 includes a bracket 421, a magnet module 422 and a diaphragm 423.
  • the bracket 421 is installed on the box 41 and is used to support the magnet module 422 and the diaphragm 423.
  • the bracket 421 may be in the shape of a basin, and the basin wall may have a hollow structure.
  • the magnet module 422 is used to drive the diaphragm 423 to vibrate and emit sound waves.
  • the diaphragm 423 is used to generate sound waves.
  • the direction of the center line X1 of the diaphragm 423 is substantially consistent with the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 .
  • the angle between the center line X1 of the diaphragm 423 of the speaker 40 and the vertical direction can be set to 0 to 60 degrees.
  • the diaphragm 423 is directed to the head position as much as possible, so that a good noise reduction effect can be obtained.
  • the present application is not limited to this.
  • the angle between the center line X1 of the diaphragm 423 of the speaker 40 and the vertical direction can also be set in the range of 0 to 45 degrees, 0 to 30 degrees, etc. You can also take specific values, for example, 45 degrees, 30 degrees, 10 degrees, etc.
  • the diameter of the diaphragm 423 of the speaker 40 can be set to 1 to 4 inches, where 1 inch is approximately equal to 10/3 centimeters. Generally, the smaller the size of the speaker 40, the worse the low frequency performance.
  • the inner cavity volume of the box 41 can be 1 to 3 liters. Therefore, the speaker 40 can not only have good low-frequency performance, but also avoid the speaker 40 from being too bulky and difficult to install.
  • the diameter of the diaphragm 423 of the speaker 40 can be set in the range of 1 to 3 inches, 1 to 5 inches, 2 to 5 inches, etc.
  • the diameter of the diaphragm 423 can be 2 inches or 3 inches.
  • the inner cavity volume of the box 41 can be set in the range of 0.5 to 1, 1 to 2 liters, 2 to 3 liters, 3 to 5 liters, etc.
  • the inner cavity volume of the box 41 can be 0.5 liters or 1 liter.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic top view of the seat provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the pad 22 is provided with an accommodating hole 22 a , which opens upward.
  • the speaker 40 is accommodated in the accommodating hole 22 a , and the sound-generating unit 42 of the speaker 40 passes through the opening of the accommodating hole 22 a exposed.
  • the receiving hole 22a is circular when viewed from the up and down direction, and can match the cylindrical box 41 of the speaker 40, and its diameter is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the box 41.
  • the shape of the accommodation hole 22a is not limited to this, and may also be a square shape, for example.
  • the accommodation hole 22a may be open toward the rear. Specifically, taking the circular receiving hole 22a as an example, when viewed from above, the outline of the receiving hole 22a is not a complete circle, but has a gap on the rear side.
  • the skin 23 is provided with an opening 23a. Viewed from the up and down direction, the opening 23a overlaps with the opening of the receiving hole 22a, and the opening 23a is slightly larger than the opening of the receiving hole 22a.
  • a mounting member 24 is provided on the opening 23a of the skin 23.
  • the mounting member 24 is provided with an opening 24a. Viewed from the up and down direction, the opening 24a overlaps with the opening of the receiving hole 22a.
  • the opening 23 a and the speaker 40 are positioned in the same position.
  • a shield 25 ( FIG. 3 ) is installed on the opening 24 a.
  • the shield 25 covers the speaker 40 , or it can also be said that the shield 25 covers the opening 23 a of the cover 23 or the opening 24 a of the mounting member 24 .
  • the shield 25 has a plurality of through holes, and the overall shape is similar to a mesh, so that on the one hand, the sound waves emitted by the speaker 40 can propagate to the outside of the backrest, and on the other hand, it can prevent foreign objects from contacting the speaker 40 and prevent the speaker 40 from being damaged. etc., especially the diaphragm of the speaker 40 can be protected from being squeezed or scratched.
  • the size of the shield 25 is not particularly limited, and may be the same size as the sound-generating unit 42 , may be larger than the sound-generating unit 42 , or may be smaller than the sound-generating unit 42 .
  • the material of the shield 25 is not particularly limited and may be a metal part or a hard material part such as a plastic part.
  • the shield 25 is detachably installed on the skin 23a, so that the shield 25 can be removed to easily install, maintain or replace the speaker 40.
  • the shield 25 may be non-detachably installed on the skin 23a.
  • the specific installation method of the shield 25 is not particularly limited. For example, it can be installed on the installation component 24 through buckles, screws, etc.
  • the shield 25 is mounted on the skin 23 via a mounting member 24, which is, for example, a square (rectangular or square) plate-shaped, and the shield 25 is circular.
  • a mounting member 24 which is, for example, a square (rectangular or square) plate-shaped, and the shield 25 is circular.
  • the mounting member 24 formed in a square shape can be easily connected to the skin 23 .
  • the circular shield 25 can be easily installed on the skin 23 through the mounting member 24 .
  • the shapes of the shield 25 and the mounting member 24 are not limited to this, and other shapes may be adopted.
  • the mounting component 24 can also be omitted, so that the shield 25 is directly mounted on the skin 23 .
  • connection method between the mounting component 24 and the skin 23 is not particularly limited.
  • sewing, clamping or bonding can be used.
  • the material of the mounting component 24 is not particularly limited, and may be made of metal, plastic, or other materials.
  • the opening 24a of the mounting component 24 may be larger than the diameter of the receiving hole 22a, so that the speaker 40 can be easily passed through the opening 24a, so that the speaker 40 can be easily installed, removed or replaced.
  • one mounting component 24 corresponds to one speaker 40 .
  • the application is not limited thereto.
  • one mounting component 24 may correspond to multiple speakers 40 .
  • the mounting component 24 on the left side and the mounting component 24 on the right side in FIG. 4 are modified to be composed of one mounting component, and two left and right openings are formed thereon, corresponding to the left and right speakers 40 respectively. .
  • the receiving hole 22 a and the headrest 30 are staggered in the left-right direction and do not overlap. Therefore, the speaker 40 and the headrest 30 are staggered in the left-right direction, and the guard 25 and the headrest are staggered in the left-right direction. In this way, the speaker 40 can be easily installed, maintained or replaced.
  • the minimum distance between the speaker 40 and the front surface of the pad 22 can be greater than 0.5 cm to prevent the pad 22 from being too thin in this part and affecting the riding comfort.
  • the application is not limited to this, and can also be larger than 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.5cm, 3cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, etc.
  • the minimum distance may be less than 5 cm to prevent the receiving hole 22a from being too small and making it difficult to install the speaker 40 .
  • the application is not limited to this, and may also be smaller than 6cm, 10cm, etc.
  • the minimum distance between the speaker 40 and the front surface of the pad 22 can also be regarded as the minimum distance d between the inner wall of the receiving hole 22a and the front surface of the pad 22 (Fig. 8).
  • reinforcing ribs can be provided on the inner wall of the accommodation hole 22a, thereby strengthening the strength of the pad 22 in the portion where the accommodation hole 22a is provided, so that the seated person cannot easily feel the speaker through touch. 40 exists.
  • the ribs may be transverse, for example may be annular. In this way, compared with longitudinal reinforcing ribs, the strength of the pad 22 can be effectively improved.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another installation structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic diagram of the installation structure of the speaker in FIG. 9 .
  • a box 212 is fixed to the frame 21 of the backrest 20 .
  • the box 212 has a receiving hole 212 b that opens upward.
  • the speaker 40 is inserted into the receiving hole 212b of the box 212 via the opening. It can be understood that the speaker 40 can be easily disassembled by pulling out the speaker 40 from the box 212 . By installing the speaker 40 in this inserted manner, the speaker 40 can be easily installed, maintained or replaced.
  • the cabinet 41 of the speaker 40 is provided with an interface 41a, and the cabinet 212 is provided with an interface 212a.
  • the interface 41a is electrically connected to the interface 212a, and can supply power to the speaker 40 and/or transmit signals.
  • the interface 41a and the interface 212a are also electrically connected. In this way, the speaker 40 can be installed, maintained or replaced more easily.
  • the types of the interface 41a and the interface 212a are not particularly limited. For example, a twisted pair interface or a USB interface may be used.
  • the type of protocol between the interface 41a and the interface 212a is not particularly limited, and a variety of public or private protocols can be used.
  • the interface 41a is a female port, and the interface 212a is a male port.
  • the interface 41a is recessed from the box 41, and the interface 212a protrudes from the bottom surface of the receiving hole 212b. In this way, compared with forming a protruding interface on the speaker 40 , the protruding interface can be prevented from being damaged by impact during transportation.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a guide portion 41 b is provided on the box 41 of the speaker 40 , and a corresponding guide portion 212 c is provided on the box 212 .
  • the box 41 can be directed toward the speaker 41 .
  • the insertion movement of the box 212 is guided so that the box 41 can be easily inserted into the box 212 .
  • the interface 41a and the interface 212a can also be easily connected.
  • the guide portion 41b and the guide portion 212c can also function as a rotation stopper that inhibits the rotation of the box 41 relative to the box 212.
  • the so-called guide part and anti-rotation part here belong to the installation part in this application.
  • the guide portion 41b is a groove provided on the outer wall of the box 41 and is a long groove extending in the up and down direction;
  • the guide portion 212c is a protrusion provided on the inner wall of the box 212, and It is a long strip-shaped protrusion extending in the up and down direction. It can be understood that the specific structures of the guide portion 41b and the guide portion 212c are not limited to this, and other structures can also be adopted.
  • the long side direction of the speaker 40 coincides with the up and down direction.
  • the speaker 40 (the box 41 of the speaker 40 ) may be arranged inclined with respect to the up-down direction. Specifically, for example, the lower it is, the more it is tilted outward in the left-right direction. In this case, the speaker 40 can be placed as far away from the seated person's back as possible, thereby reducing the possibility that the seated person will feel the presence of the speaker 40 and inhibiting the ride comfort. decline.
  • the speaker 40 is arranged in a manner in which the direction of sound emission can be adjusted.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the sound-generating unit 42 is installed on the box 41 so as to be rotatable around the axis X2.
  • the sound generating unit 42 is mounted on the box 41 via a rotating shaft 54 extending in the left-right direction, and can rotate about the rotating shaft 54 (the axis X2 ).
  • the rotating shaft 54 extends from the inside of the box 41 to the outside of the box 41, and a gear 53 is provided on the extended end.
  • a gear 52 is meshed with the gear 53 .
  • the gear 52 is transmission connected with the motor 51 installed on the frame 21 of the backrest 20 and can be driven by the motor 51 to rotate.
  • the motor 51 , the gear 53 , and the rotating shaft 54 constitute a driving mechanism capable of adjusting the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 . It can be understood that the structure of the driving mechanism is not limited to this, and any other suitable structure can be adopted.
  • control device may be integrated into the control device 81 (Fig. 2), or may be provided independently of the control device 81 but connected with the control device 81 via signals.
  • control device for controlling the motor 51 is integrated in the control device 81 .
  • control device 81 is signal-connected to a cockpit domain controller (CDC, Cockpit Domain Controller, not shown).
  • the cockpit domain controller can obtain the ear position information of the seated person through sensors such as cameras (not shown) installed in the cockpit, and send this ear position information to the control device 81.
  • the control device 81 adjusts the speaker according to the position information. 40 direction of sound.
  • the control device 81 can be integrated into the cockpit domain controller, or can be set up independently from the cockpit domain controller.
  • control device 81 can also adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 according to other matters.
  • the posture of the speaker 40 and different user information can be associated and stored in advance, and when the user logs in to his account, etc. , adjusting the posture of the speaker 40 (including the sound emission direction) according to the user information.
  • the posture of the speaker 40 can also be adjusted according to the user's instructions (including voice instructions, key operation instructions, etc.).
  • the control device 81 After adjusting the sound emission direction of the speaker 40, the control device 81 causes the speaker 40 to emit anti-noise, thereby achieving noise reduction.
  • control device can be realized by executing programs (software) by the processor.
  • programs software
  • they can also be realized by LSI (Large Scale Integration, large scale integrated circuit) and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, application specific integrated circuit). It can be realized by hardware, or it can also be realized by a combination of software and hardware.
  • gear 52 and gear 53 constitute a transmission mechanism, and both are bevel gears.
  • gear 52 and gear 53 are bevel gears.
  • other forms of gears may also be used.
  • the motor 51 is not limited to being fixed on the frame 21, but may also be fixed on the box 41, for example. In addition, the motor 51 can also be omitted. In this case, the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 can be manually adjusted by the seated person.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another adjustment structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the sound-emitting unit 42 can be rotated relative to the box 41 so that the sound-emitting direction of the speaker 40 can be adjusted.
  • the box 41 is rotatably installed on the backrest 20 so that the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 can be adjusted.
  • the box 41 is mounted on the frame 21 of the backrest 20 through the rotating shaft 64 extending in the left-right direction, and can move relative to the backrest 20 with the rotating shaft 64 (specifically, its axis X3) as the center. Make a turn.
  • a gear 63 is provided on the rotating shaft 64, and a gear 62 is engaged with the gear 63.
  • the gear 62 is connected to the motor 61 installed on the frame 21 of the backrest 20 and can be driven by the motor 61 to rotate. Thereby, the speaker 40 can be driven to rotate relative to the backrest 20, thereby adjusting the sound emission direction of the speaker 40.
  • the motor 61, the gear 62, the gear 63, and the rotating shaft 64 constitute a driving mechanism (or rotation mechanism) that can adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker 40. It can be understood that the structure of the driving mechanism is not limited to this, and any other suitable structure can be adopted.
  • the speaker 40 is installed on the backrest 20 in a liftable manner.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a mobile structure of the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a motor 71 is installed on the frame 21 of the backrest 20, and a gear 72 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 71.
  • a rack 73 is installed on the box 41 of the speaker 40, and the rack 73 extends in the up and down direction.
  • the gear 72 meshes with the rack 73 .
  • the gear 72 rotates, causing the rack 73 to move up and down.
  • the rack 73 drives the box 41 to move up and down, thereby causing the speaker 40 to move up and down.
  • the speaker 40 is located below the outer surface of the skin 23 in the initial position. This position is called the first position. At this time, the upper surface of the speaker 40 can be substantially flush with the skin 23 . Driven by the motor 71 , the speaker 40 can be lifted upward from the first position and moved to an extended position protruding outside the outer surface of the skin 23 (referred to as the second position).
  • the shield 25 can be installed on the box 41 and move integrally with the box 41 .
  • the motor 71, the gear 72, and the rack 73 constitute a driving mechanism (or lifting mechanism) that can raise and lower the speaker 40. It can be understood that the structure of the driving mechanism is not limited to this, and any other suitable structure can be adopted.
  • the control device that controls the driving of the motor 71 to control the lifting and lowering of the speaker 40 may be integrated into the control device 81 , or may be provided independently of the control device 81 .
  • the control device for controlling the motor 71 is integrated into the control device 81 .
  • the control device 81 may control the speaker 40 to switch between the first position and the second position according to the seating information indicating whether there is an occupant on the seat. Specifically, the control device 81 acquires the seating information. When the seating information indicates that there is an occupant on the seat, the control device 81 raises the speaker 40 upward from the first position, moves it to a second position protruding from the outer surface of the skin 23, and then , controlling the speaker 40 to emit anti-noise. When the operation of the speaker 40 is not required, the control device 81 can move the speaker 40 from the second position to a first position submerged within the outer surface of the skin 23 .
  • the above-mentioned sitting information can be obtained through a camera or a pressure sensor provided in the seat cushion 10 .
  • the control device 81 may process the sensing information of the camera or pressure sensor to obtain the seating information, or the cockpit domain controller may process the information to obtain the seating information, and then send the seating information to the control device 81 .
  • control device 81 may also control the speaker 40 to move to the second position based on other information.
  • the speaker 40 can be moved to the extended position according to instructions from the seated person (including voice instructions, key operation instructions, etc.). Or the speaker 40 is moved to the extended position based on the user information of the seated person.
  • the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 is toward the front.
  • the center line X1 of the diaphragm 423 of the sound generating unit 42 is arranged substantially along the front-rear direction, with the diaphragm 423 facing forward.
  • the upper surface of the box 41 is substantially flush with the outer surface of the skin 23 .
  • the shield 25 and its related structures can be omitted at this time.
  • the meaning of "facing forward” here is not limited to facing directly forward, but also includes facing forward and upward, for example.
  • the rack-and-pinion structure is taken as an example to illustrate the lifting structure of the speaker 40 .
  • other structures can also be used, such as a crank-slider structure.
  • the structure in which the sound emission direction of the speaker is adjustable and the structure in which the speaker can be raised and lowered can be combined in one embodiment.
  • two motors can be used for driving respectively, or only one motor can be used for driving.
  • a clutch can be provided in the transmission mechanism so that the action of adjusting the sounding direction and the action of lifting do not interfere with each other.
  • the clutch in the initial state, is in the first state.
  • the motor In the first state, the motor is connected to the lifting structure, the connection between the motor and the structure with adjustable sound direction is cut off, and the speaker 40 is located outside the skin 23 below the surface.
  • the control device sends a control instruction to the motor, so that the motor drives the speaker to rise through the lifting structure.
  • the control device stops the motor.
  • the clutch is switched to a second state. In the second state, the clutch connects the motor to the structure with adjustable sounding direction, so that the connection between the motor and the lifting structure is cut off.
  • the control device operates the motor to rotate the sound-emitting unit 42 of the speaker 40 through the structure with adjustable sound-emitting direction, thereby adjusting the sound-emitting direction of the speaker 40 to the target direction.
  • control device 81 when the control device 81 detects the presence of the user 300 on the seat 100, the control device 81 executes active noise reduction control.
  • the control device 81 may determine whether the user 300 is present on the seat 100 based on the image information collected by the camera in the cabin and/or the pressure information collected by the pressure sensor provided in the seat cushion 10 . In addition, this judgment process can also be performed by other devices, and the results can be sent to the control device.
  • the user 300 may also send an instruction to the control device 81 to cause the control device 81 to perform active noise reduction control.
  • the instruction includes, for example, an operation instruction or a voice instruction.
  • control device 81 receives the sound information collected by the reference sensor 82 and the error sensor 83 and performs calculations based on the sound information collected by the reference sensor 82 and the error sensor 83 to determine the anti-noise information.
  • control device 81 causes the speaker 40 to emit noise immunity based on the noise immunity information.
  • the anti-noise interferes destructively with the noise, so that at least the noise near the ears of the user 300 is suppressed, so that the user 300 can experience the noise reduction effect.
  • control device 81 can adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker 40 through the driving mechanism when performing active noise reduction control.
  • control device 81 can obtain the position information of the ear of the person sitting (that is, the user), and adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker according to the position information of the ear.
  • control device 81 can obtain the user's identity information, and adjust the sound emission direction of the speaker according to the user's identity information.
  • the memory function can be used to adapt the sound direction to the user's settings, etc., so that the user can experience a good noise reduction effect.
  • control device 81 can adjust the height position of the speaker when performing active noise reduction control.
  • the height position refers to the position in the up and down direction.
  • a control instruction can be sent to the above-mentioned lifting mechanism, and the speaker is raised or lowered through the lifting mechanism, thereby adjusting multiple height positions of the speaker.
  • the speaker 40 is raised through the driving mechanism, so that it moves from a first position below the skin 23 to a second position protruding from the outer surface of the skin 23 .
  • the raising action of the speaker 40 may be performed simultaneously with the action of emitting anti-noise, or the action of emitting anti-noise may be started after the speaker 40 has completed the raising action, that is, when it moves to the target position.
  • the second position may include multiple specific height positions.
  • control device 81 may adjust the height position of the speaker according to the position information of the user's ears and/or the user's identity information.
  • the height position of the speaker is adjusted according to the position information of the user's ears, the user can experience a good noise reduction effect.
  • the height position of the speaker is adjusted according to the user's identity information, the height of the speaker can be adapted to the user's settings, etc., so that the user can experience a good noise reduction effect.
  • control device 81 determines the anti-noise information based on the sound information collected by the two sound sensors, the reference sensor 82 and the error sensor 83 .
  • the anti-noise information may also be determined based on the sound information collected by only one sound sensor. .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a noise reduction control method, which can be executed by the above-mentioned control device 81 .
  • the control device 81 can be integrated into a cockpit domain controller or other electronic equipment (such as a vehicle-mounted smart screen). Therefore, the noise reduction control method can also be executed by the electronic equipment.
  • the control device 81 may have a processor or a chip, so the noise reduction control method may also be executed by the processor or chip.
  • the control device 81 may belong to the seat 100 and the vehicle 200 , therefore, the noise reduction control method may also be executed by the seat 100 or the vehicle 200 .
  • the control device 81 can be made of an electronic control unit (Electronic Control Unit, ECU) or a microcontroller unit (Microcontroller Unit; MCU).
  • Figure 16 is an explanatory diagram of a noise reduction control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the noise reduction control method includes: S1, obtaining sound information; S2, determining anti-noise information based on the sound information; S3, causing the speaker (such as the above-mentioned speaker 40) to emit anti-noise.
  • the one or more sound sensors include, for example, the above-mentioned reference sensor 82 and error sensor 83.
  • a control instruction is sent to the speaker to cause the speaker to emit anti-noise.
  • the anti-noise and noise interfere destructively, thereby attenuating the noise and achieving a noise reduction effect.
  • the noise reduction control method may also include: S4: issuing a control instruction to adjust the sound direction of the speaker.
  • the position information of the ear of the person sitting i.e., the user
  • the sound emission direction of the speaker can be adjusted according to the position information of the ear.
  • the user's identity information can be obtained, and the sound direction of the speaker can be adjusted based on the user's identity information.
  • the noise reduction control method may also include: S5, issuing a control instruction to adjust the height position of the speaker.
  • the height position refers to the position in the up and down direction.
  • a control instruction can be sent to the above-mentioned lifting mechanism, and the speaker is raised or lowered through the lifting mechanism, thereby adjusting multiple height positions of the speaker.
  • the height position of the speaker can be adjusted according to the position information of the user's ears and/or the user's identity information.
  • the noise reduction control method may also include various contents described in the above embodiments.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control device 81 includes a processing module 811 and an acquisition module 812.
  • the processing module 811 can be used to execute S2, S3 and other contents in the above-mentioned noise reduction control method, and the acquisition module 812 can be used to execute S1 and other contents.
  • the processing module 811 can also execute the contents in S4 and S5 mentioned above.
  • the processing module 811 and the acquisition module 812 can also perform various processes described in the above embodiments. To avoid repetition, the description will not be expanded here.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device (or computing device). FIG.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device (or computing device) provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 90 has a processor 91 and a memory 92 (computer-readable storage medium).
  • a computer program is stored in the memory.
  • the processor or computer
  • the processor or computer executes the above noise reduction control method.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic illustration of a test method for testing the noise reduction effect of the noise reduction solution of the present application.
  • (1) Set 5 target measurement points on the same horizontal plane within the head movement area of the passenger seat, including measurement point 1 in the center, measurement points 2 to 5, and measurement points 2 to 5 respectively located in the front, rear, left, and right of measurement point 1
  • the distance to measuring point 1 is set to 5cm. It can be understood that the distance is not limited to 5cm and can be set according to the imagined movement range of the human head.
  • step (3) Place the center of the human head at a certain measuring point described in step (1), and arrange two microphones near the human ear at this position to pick up the error signal at the human ear;
  • step (4) Import the filter coefficients for a certain measuring point optimized in step (4) into the active noise reduction control system and turn on the active noise reduction system.
  • This application proposes a vehicle seat for active noise reduction in the car cabin. Compared with the existing solution of installing the anti-noise source in the headrest, the speaker as the anti-noise source is placed in the backrest. Internally, the active noise reduction system’s robustness to head movements of drivers and passengers has been improved.
  • this application proposes a vehicle seat for active noise reduction in a car cabin.
  • the backrest frame is improved so that it can easily install a speaker containing a cavity. Inside the seat backrest.
  • this application proposes a vehicle seat for active noise reduction in the car cabin.
  • the distance between the anti-noise source and the human ear is appropriately increased, so that the current of the active noise reduction system is Noise has less impact on people's sense of hearing, improving the noise reduction effect.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆，能够提高主动降噪控制的降噪效果。其中车辆座椅(100)包括靠背(20)与扬声器(40)，靠背(20)包括第一骨架(21)与蒙皮(23)；扬声器(40)安装于第一骨架(20)，蒙皮(23)上设有第一开口(23a)，从面对第一开口(23a)的方向看，第一开口(23a)与扬声器(40)位置重合。采用如上结构，例如与将扬声器配置在头枕内相比，能够获得良好的降噪效果。

Description

车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆
本申请要求于2022年03月08日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202210232456.5、申请名称为“车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及智能车辆技术，尤其涉及一种车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆。
背景技术
为了提高汽车座舱内的NVH(Noise、Vibration and Harshness，噪声、振动与声振粗糙度)性能，ANC(Active noise control，主动降噪控制)技术正在车辆上得到越来越广泛的应用。主动降噪控制的基本原理是基于声波的相消干涉现象，利用人为附加的抗噪声源(也称为次级声源)，使其发出的声波(也称为抗噪声)与噪声源(也称为初级声源)发出的噪声产生相消干涉，从而实现降噪。
现有技术中，存在将作为抗噪声源的扬声器安装在车辆的门板内或座椅的头枕内的主动降噪方案，然而，这些方案在提高降噪效果方面还有改进的余地。
发明内容
本申请提供一种车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆，能够提高降噪效果。
本申请第一方面提供一种车辆座椅，其包括靠背与扬声器；所述靠背包括第一骨架与蒙皮；所述扬声器安装于所述第一骨架；所述蒙皮上设有第一开口，从面对所述第一开口的方向看，所述第一开口与所述扬声器位置重合。
采用如上的车辆座椅，在进行降噪控制时，能够获得良好的降噪效果。具体而言，如后面的实施例所证实的，将作为抗噪声源的扬声器配置在靠背中，与将扬声器配置在头枕中相比，能够在更大的范围内获得良好的降噪效果，对就坐者的头部的移动的鲁棒性。另外，与将扬声器配置在头枕中相比，适当增大了抗噪声源与就坐者的耳部的距离，使得主动降噪系统的电流噪声对人的听感影响更小，提高了降噪效果。再者，与头枕相比，靠背的空间较为充分，因而不会对扬声器的体积等规格造成较大的限制，避免了降噪效果的下降。
还有，与将扬声器配置在车门中相比，本方案中的扬声器位置距离乘坐者的耳部的距离更合适，提高了降噪效果，也可以降低功耗。
另外，由于扬声器安装在靠背的第一骨架上，因而，能够提高扬声器的安装强度，提高其位置稳定性，进而提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述第一开口朝向上方。
如此，能够提高降噪效果。具体而言，例如与第一开口朝向前方相比，能够避免就坐者的后背遮挡住该第一开口，造成到达耳部的抗噪声被减弱，降噪效果下降。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，车辆座椅还包括头枕，所述第一开口在左右方向上与所述头枕错开配置。
如此，能够抑制头枕对扬声器的安装作业以及可能的维护或更换等作业造成影响，能够容易地对扬声器进行安装、维护或更换等作业。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述第一骨架具有肩部，在所述肩部设有向下凹的凹部，所述扬声器配置于所述凹部中。
如此，可以容易地提高扬声器的安装强度。另外，与扬声器重叠在骨架前方的配置方式相比，容易使扬声器距离靠背的前表面距离更远，增大靠背(的衬垫)在此部位的厚度，从而抑制扬声器的安装对靠背造成的舒适性的降低。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，在所述蒙皮上安装有护罩，所述护罩覆盖所述第一开口，并且设有多个通孔。
如此，能够避免扬声器受到挤压或产生划伤等。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，在所述蒙皮上配置有安装部件；所述护罩通过安装于所述安装部件从而安装于所述蒙皮，且所述护罩以可拆卸的方式安装于所述安装部件。
采用如上结构，由于护罩可以拆卸，因而能够容易地对扬声器进行维护或更换。此外，护罩通过安装部件安装在蒙皮上，能够容易地安装护罩。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述护罩为圆形，所述安装部件为方形。
采用如上结构，与圆形的护罩直接安装在蒙皮上相比，通过方形的安装部件能够容易地将护罩安装在蒙皮上。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器包括第一箱体；在所述第一骨架上配置有第二箱体；所述第一箱体以可拆卸的方式插入所述第二箱体中。
采用如上结构，在骨架上配置第二箱体，扬声器的第一箱体插入在第二箱体中，如此，能够容易地对扬声器进行维护或更换。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，在所述第一箱体上设有第一接口；在所述第二箱体上设有第二接口，所述第一接口与所述第二接口电连接。
采用如上结构，第一箱体上设有第一接口，在所述第二箱体上设有第二接口，在将第一箱体插入第二箱体的同时，第一接口与第二接口也可实现电连接，如此，能够容易地对扬声器进行安装、维护或更换作业。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器包括第一箱体与发声单元，所述发声单元安装于所述第一箱体；所述发声单元以能够进行第一转动的方式安装在所述第一箱体上，所述第一转动为以沿着左右方向配置的第一轴线为中心的转动。
采用如上结构，可以调节发声单元的朝向，从而容易提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，车辆座椅还包括第一电机，所述第一电机用于驱动所述发声单元进行所述第一转动。
采用如上结构，能够自动调节发声单元的朝向，从而容易提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，车辆座椅还包括控制装置，所述控制装置获取就坐者的耳部位置信息，根据所述耳部位置信息控制第一电机驱动所述发声单元进行所述第一转动。
采用如上结构，根据就坐者的耳部位置信息来调节发声单元的朝向，能够提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器以能够进行第二转动的方式安装在所述第一骨架上，所述第二转动为以沿着左右方向配置的第二轴线为中心的转动。
采用如上结构，可以调节发声单元的朝向，从而容易提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，车辆座椅还包括第二电机，所述第二电机用于驱动所述扬声器进行所述第二转动。
采用如上结构，能够自动调节发声单元的朝向，从而容易提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，车辆座椅还包括控制装置，所述控制装置获取就坐者的耳部位置信息，根据所述耳部位置信息控制所述第二电机驱动所述扬声器进行所述第二转动。
采用如上结构，根据就坐者的耳部位置信息来调节发声单元的朝向，能够提高降噪效果。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器能够在第一位置和第二位置间移动；在所述第一位置，所述扬声器从所述第一开口突出于所述蒙皮的外表面之外；在所述第二位置，所述扬声器没入所述蒙皮的所述外表面。
采用如上结构，可以在进行主动降噪控制时使扬声器移动到突出于所述蒙皮的外表面之外的第一位置，在不需要进行主动降噪控制时使扬声器没入所述蒙皮的所述外表面，如此，能够可靠地避免扬声器由于碰撞等原因产生损伤。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，车辆座椅还包括第三电机，所述第三电机用于驱动所述扬声器在所述第一位置与所述第二位置间移动。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器包括振膜，所述振膜朝向前方配置。
采用如上结构，振膜朝向前方配置，一方面能够提高降噪效果，另一方面，能够可靠地避免扬声器由于碰撞等原因产生损伤。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述靠背还包括衬垫，在所述衬垫上设有容纳孔，所述扬声器容纳于所述容纳孔；所述容纳孔的孔壁与所述衬垫的前表面间的最小距离大于0.5厘米(cm)。
采用如上结构，由于容纳孔的孔壁与所述衬垫的前表面间的最小距离大于0.5cm，因而能够抑制乘坐舒适性的下降。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述靠背还包括衬垫，在所述衬垫上设有容纳孔，所述扬声器容纳于所述容纳孔；所述容纳孔的内壁上设有加强筋。
采用如上结构，由于容纳孔的内壁上设有加强筋，因而能够抑制乘坐舒适性的下降。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器的振膜的中心线与竖直方向的夹角设定为0～60度。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器的振膜的直径设定为1～4寸。
作为第一方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器包括第一箱体，所述第一箱体的内腔容积为1～3升。
本申请第二方面提供一种扬声器，其包括安装部，用于安装在车辆座椅的靠背的骨架上。
采用第二方面的扬声器，能够获得与第一方面相同的技术效果，因而这里不再重复描述。
作为第二方面的一个可能的实现方式，扬声器还包括第一箱体与发声单元，所述发声单元安装于所述第一箱体；所述安装部设置于所述第一箱体。
作为第二方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述第一箱体的内腔容积为1～3升。
作为第二方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器的振膜的直径设定为1～4寸。
作为第二方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述安装部包括导向部。
作为第二方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器用于在控制装置的控制下在第一位置和第二位置间切换。
本申请第三方面提供一种车辆，其特征在于，包括第一方面中任一结构的车辆座椅。
本申请第四方面提供一种降噪控制方法，包括：获取声音信息；根据所述声音信息确定抗噪声信息；根据所述抗噪声信息，发出第一控制指令，所述控制指令用于使扬声器发出抗噪声。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：发出第二控制指令，所述第二控制指令用于调节扬声器的发声方向。
采用如上方式，由于调节扬声器的发声方向，因而能够获得良好的降噪效果。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：获取用户的耳部的位置信息；根据所述用户的耳部的位置信息发出所述第二控制指令。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的耳部的位置信息来调节扬声器的发声方向，因而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：获取用户的身份信息；根据所述用户的身份信息发出所述第二控制指令。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的身份信息调节发声方向，从而能够使发声方向与用户的设定等相适应，从而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：发出第三控制指令，所述第三控制指令用于调节扬声器的高度位置。
采用如上方式，由于调节扬声器的高度位置，因而能够获得良好的降噪效果。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：获取用户的耳部的位置信息；根据所述用户的耳部的位置信息发出所述第三控制指令。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的耳部的位置信息来调节扬声器的高度位置，因而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：获取用户的身份信息；根据所述用户的身份信息发出所述第三控制指令。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的身份信息调节扬声器的高度位置，从而能够使扬声器的高度与用户的设定等相适应，从而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
作为第四方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器设置于车辆座椅的靠背内。
采用如上方式，由于扬声器设置于车辆座椅的靠背内，因而，参照在第一方面中进行的描述，可以获得良好的降噪效果。
本申请第五方面提供一种降噪控制装置，其包括处理模块与获取模块；所述获取模块用于获取声音信息；所述处理模块用于：根据所述声音信息确定抗噪声信息；根据所述抗噪声信息，发出第一控制指令，所述控制指令用于使扬声器发出抗噪声。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，还包括：
所述处理模块还用于发出第二控制指令，所述第二控制指令用于调节扬声器的发声方向。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述获取模块还用于获取用户的耳部的位置信息；
所述处理模块具体用于根据所述用户的耳部的位置信息发出所述第二控制指令。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述获取模块还用于获取用户的身份信息；
所述处理模块具体用于根据所述用户的身份信息发出所述第二控制指令。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述处理模块还用于发出第三控制指令，所述第三控制指令用于调节扬声器的高度位置。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述获取模块还用于获取用户的耳部的位置信息；所述处理模块具体用于根据所述用户的耳部的位置信息发出所述第三控制指令。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述获取模块还用于获取用户的身份信息；所述处理模块具体用于根据所述用户的身份信息发出所述第三控制指令。
作为第五方面的一个可能的实现方式，所述扬声器设置于车辆座椅的靠背内。
本申请第六方面提供一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序当被计算机运行时，使计算机执行第四方面中任一方案的方法。
本申请第七方面提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序当被计算机运行时，使计算机执行第四方面中任一方案的方法。
本申请第八方面提供一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括处理器与存储器，所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序当被所述处理器运行时，使处理器执行第四方面中任一方案的方法。
采用第五至第八方面，能够获得与第四方面相同的技术效果，这里不再重复描述。
本申请提出的一种用于汽车座舱内主动降噪的车辆座椅等，相比于现有的将抗噪声源安装在头枕内的方案，其将作为抗噪声源的扬声器设置在背靠内部，提升了主动降噪系统对驾乘人员头部移动的鲁棒性。
另外，本申请提出的一种用于汽车座舱内主动降噪的车辆座椅等，相比于现有的座椅结构，将背靠骨架进行了改进使之能够方便安装含空腔的扬声器于座椅背靠内。
另外，本申请提出的一种用于汽车座舱内主动降噪的车辆座椅等，相比于头枕扬声器方案，适当增大了抗噪声源与人耳的距离，使得主动降噪系统的电流噪声对人的听感影响更小，提高了降噪效果。
附图说明
图1是一种主动降噪控制的示意说明图；
图2为本申请实施例中提供的一种车辆的示意图；
图3是本申请实施例中提供的一种座椅的立体示意图；
图4是本申请实施例中提供的一种座椅的另一立体示意图；
图5是本申请实施例中提供的一种座椅的去掉蒙皮与衬垫状态下的示意图；
图6是本申请实施例中提供的与图4不同结构的座椅的示意图；
图7是本申请实施例中提供的一种扬声器的示意图；
图8是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种安装结构的示意图；
图9是本申请实施例中提供的一种座椅的俯视示意图。
图10是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的另一种安装结构的一种示意图；
图11是图9中的扬声器的安装结构的另一种示意图；
图12是本申请实施例中提供的不同于图9结构的扬声器的案子结构的示意图；
图13是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种调节结构的示意图；
图14是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的另一种调节结构的示意图；
图15是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种移动结构的示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种降噪控制方法的说明图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种控制装置的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图19为对本申请的降噪方案的降噪效果进行测试的测试方法的示意性说明图。
具体实施方式
现有技术中，存在将作为抗噪声源的扬声器安装在车辆的车门内或者头枕内的主动降噪方案，然而，实际发现这些方案在乘员的耳部处的降噪效果不佳，还有改进的余地。
本申请实施例提供一种车辆、车辆座椅和扬声器等，能够提高降噪效果。
图1所示为主动降噪控制的一种示意说明图。该图中所示为前馈式主动降噪控制方式。如图1所示，噪声源发出的噪声沿传播路径向下游传播，参考传感器器采集噪声输入信号，误差传感器采集残差信号，双方的信号送入控制器中，控制器经过自适应控制算法处理，输出控制信号给抗噪声源(例如扬声器)，以使抗噪声源产生能够与噪声产生相消干涉的抗噪声，二者叠加使误差传感器处的噪声得到有效衰减。另外，在应用于车辆中时，参考传感器可以包括传声器(例如麦克风)与加速度计(也可以称为振动传感器)，误差传感器可以包括传声器。
另外，除了前馈式的主动降噪控制之外，还有反馈式的主动降噪控制。在反馈式的主动降噪控制方案中，省略图1中的参考传感器，利用误差传感器的信号来进行控 制。可以理解，反馈控制方案中的控制器内的具体运算方式与前馈控制方案中的运算方式是不同的。本申请实施例中，主动降噪控制的具体方式没有特别限制，可以采用前馈式的主动降噪控制，也可以采用反馈式的主动降噪控制，或者前馈式与反馈式相结合的控制。
在下面的描述中，前后左右上下方向以车辆为基准定义，前后方向是车辆前进行驶时的前后方向，左右方向是车辆左右方向，上下方向是车辆的上下方向，并且，这些方向与驾驶员的前后左右上下方向一致。另外，虽然座椅可能有多种状态或姿态，不过，如无特别说明，本文中描述的座椅或者其组成部分的各方向是指座椅上的就坐者面向前方、座椅的靠背相对于坐垫大致竖立的状态下的方向。
图2为本申请实施例中提供的一种车辆的示意图。如图2所示，车辆200包括座椅100、控制装置81、参考传感器82、误差传感器83。座椅100供就坐者300乘坐，包括坐垫10、靠背20、头枕30与扬声器40。扬声器40是自动降噪控制中的抗噪声源，安装在靠背20上。
参考传感器82用于采集噪声的参考信号，例如可以包括设置在车体上或者悬架上的加速度计(也称为振动传感器)，或者也可以包括设置在座舱内的麦克风。误差传感器83用于检测残余噪声，例如可以包括设置在顶棚或头枕30内的麦克风。参考传感器82与误差传感器83的传感器信息发送给控制装置81，控制装置81进行相应的计算，输出控制信号给扬声器40，使扬声器40产生能够与噪声进行相消干涉的抗噪声。抗噪声与噪声相互叠加，至少使座椅100的就坐者的耳部附近的噪声得到有效衰减，从而实现降噪。
采用本实施例的结构，由于扬声器40安装在靠背20上，因而能够为就坐者300提供较为可靠的降噪效果。具体而言，例如与扬声器安装在车门内的方式相比，扬声器40距离就坐者的耳部的距离更合适，因而能够获得良好的降噪效果，也可以降低功耗。再者，与扬声器安装在头枕30内的方式相比，例如能够避免扬声器距离就坐者的耳部过近使扬声器的电流噪声影响就坐者的听感，从而能够提高降噪效果。还有，由于靠背20内的空间相比于头枕30较为充分，因而能够抑制扬声器40的尺寸受限造成降噪效果降低的情况发生。
可以理解，控制装置81、参考传感器82、误差传感器83与座椅100(以及扬声器40)构成了自动降噪控制系统。
图3是本申请实施例中提供的一种座椅的立体示意图。图4是本申请实施例中提供的一种座椅的另一立体示意图。图5是本申请实施例中提供的座椅的去掉蒙皮与衬垫状态下的示意图。
如图3-图5所示，座椅100包括坐垫10、靠背20、头枕30与扬声器40。坐垫10用于支撑就坐者的臀部。靠背20安装在坐垫10的后部，通过靠背角度调节机构(未图示)能够调整倾角。该靠背20用于支撑就坐者的背部。头枕30安装在靠背20的上部，从靠背20向上方突出，用于支撑就坐者的头部与颈部。
扬声器40安装在靠背20的上半部分，其发声方向朝向上方。由于就坐者的头部通常和头枕30的高度大致相同，高于靠背20的上表面，因此，使扬声器40安装在靠背20的上半部分，以及使其发声方向朝向上方，能够尽可能使扬声器40发出的声 波更多地到达就坐者的头部附近，从而能够获得良好的降噪效果。
另外，在本实施例中，在头枕30的两侧分别设有扬声器40。单侧的扬声器40可以是1个，也可以是多个。扬声器40的具体结构没有特别限制，可以是单体扬声器，也可以是扬声器阵列。对于单体扬声器而言，其发声方向可以理解为振膜中心线的方向；对于扬声器阵列而言，其发声方向可以理解为声波最强的方向。可以理解，扬声器40发出的声波并非仅沿着发声方向传播，还会向周围扩散。因此，扬声器40的发声方向虽然是上方，但是其发出的声波能够传播到就坐者300的耳部附近。
另外，扬声器40的发声方向并不限于朝向上方，例如还可以朝向左右方向或者前方等。又例如，还可以将扬声器40倾斜配置从而使其发声方向相对于上下方向朝左右或者朝前方倾斜。
再者，扬声器40不仅可以作为抗噪声源，还可以兼做其他声源使用，例如作为播放音乐或者播放语音的声源。
还有，扬声器40不仅可以安装在主驾座椅上，还可以安装在副驾座椅或者后排座椅上。
此外，在图2、图3中，在头枕30的两侧分别安装有扬声器40，然而，本申请并不限于此，可以仅在头枕30的一侧安装扬声器40。
如图4、图5所示，靠背20具有骨架21、衬垫22与蒙皮23。骨架21可以采用多种管材或板材制成，是靠背20的主要受力机构。衬垫22设置在骨架21上，例如可以采用聚氨酯材料制成，为就坐者300提供缓冲，提高乘坐舒适性。蒙皮23包覆在衬垫22之外，可以采用皮革或布料制成，用于提高美观性与乘坐舒适性。另外，可以理解，与靠背20类似，坐垫10也包括骨架、衬垫与蒙皮。
如图5所示，扬声器40安装在骨架21上。如此，例如与仅安装在衬垫上相比，能够提高扬声器40的安装强度，提高其位置稳定性从而提高降噪效果的稳定性。扬声器40的具体安装方式没有特别限制，例如可以采用螺钉、卡扣或焊接等方式。扬声器40上的用于安装螺钉的部位、卡扣部或者焊接部对应于本申请中的扬声器的安装部，该安装部用于安装在靠背的骨架上。
另外，在本实施例中，骨架21具有肩部211，扬声器40从前方安装在该肩部211上。另外，肩部211采用管材制成。然而，扬声器40的安装位置并不限于此，例如还可以安装在骨架21的左右侧部。
图6是本申请实施例中提供的与图5不同结构的座椅的示意图。
如图6所示，骨架21的肩部211具有向下凹的凹部211a，扬声器40安装在该凹部211a。如此，可以容易地提高扬声器40的安装强度。另外，还可以抑制扬声器40的安装对靠背20造成的舒适性降低。具体而言，与衬垫22与蒙皮23相比，扬声器40的材质是较硬的，因此，就坐者300在倚靠在靠背20上时，有可能会通过触觉感受到衬垫22内有硬质的物体，造成乘坐舒适性下降。而扬声器40与乘坐者300之间的衬垫22材料越薄，乘坐者越容易产生这种感觉。而在图6所示的实施例中，在骨架21的肩部211上设置下凹的凹部211a，将扬声器40配置在该凹部211a中，从而，与图5所示的实施例相比，扬声器40的位置比较靠后，如此，使得衬垫22中位于扬声器40正前方的部分的厚度较厚，也就是扬声器40与就坐者300的背部之间的 缓冲材料较厚，从而能够抑制就坐者300通过触觉感受到硬质的扬声器40的存在，抑制乘坐舒适性的下降。
另外，在本实施例中，骨架21的肩部211包括管材，通过使管材弯折而形成上述凹部211a。如此，可以容易地形成凹部211a。
另外，本实施例中的凹部211a朝向左右方向外侧开放，即，左侧的凹部211a朝向左侧开放，右侧的凹部211a朝向右侧开放，如此，能够简化结构，容易制造骨架21。
另外，本实施例的凹部211a也可以描述为，从前后方向上看，左侧的凹部211a仅具有一个侧壁部即右侧壁部，而不具有左侧壁部，右侧的凹部211a仅具有一个侧壁部即左侧壁部，而不具有右侧壁部。
图7是本申请实施例中提供的一种扬声器的示意图。
如图7所示，扬声器40包括箱体41与发声单元42。箱体41呈中空的圆筒状、方筒状或者其他形状，内部具有空腔。该箱体41可以采用塑料或木材等材料制作。发声单元42容纳在该空腔中。发声单元42包括支架421、磁体模块422与振膜423。支架421安装在箱体41上，用于支撑磁体模块422与振膜423。该支架421可以呈盆状，其盆壁上可以具有镂空结构。磁体模块422用于驱动振膜423产生振动而发出声波。振膜423用于产生声波。振膜423的中心中心线X1方向与扬声器40的发声方向基本一致。
当安装在靠背20上时，扬声器40的振膜423的中心线X1与竖直方向(即上下方向)的夹角可以设定为0～60度。如此，使振膜423的尽量指向头部位置，从而能够获得良好的降噪效果。另外，本申请并不限于此，扬声器40的振膜423的中心线X1与竖直方向的夹角也可以在0～45度、0～30度等范围内设定。还可以取特定值，例如，45度，30度，10度等。
另外，扬声器40的振膜423的直径可以设定为1～4寸，其中，1寸约等于10/3厘米。通常，扬声器40的体积越小，低频性能越差。而通过将振膜423的直径设定为1～4寸，从而既能够使扬声器40具有很好的低频性能，又可以避免扬声器40体积太大而难以安装。箱体41的内腔容积可以为1～3升。从而，既能够使扬声器40具有很好的低频性能，又可以避免扬声器40体积太大而难以安装。
另外，本申请并不限于此，扬声器40的振膜423的直径可以在1～3寸、1～5寸、2～5寸等范围内设定。例如，该振膜423的直径可以取2寸，或者3寸。箱体41的内腔容积可以在0.5～1、1～2升、2～3升、3～5升等范围内设定。例如，该箱体41的内腔容积可以取0.5升，或1升。
应理解，本申请所提及的范围可以包括边界值，例如，1～2升包括1升和2升；0～45度可以包括0度和45度，并且上述取值允许一定的实现误差。
图8是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种安装结构的示意图。图9是本申请实施例中提供的座椅的俯视示意图。
如图8、图9所示，在衬垫22上设有容纳孔22a，容纳孔22a朝向上方开口，扬声器40容纳在该容纳孔22a中，扬声器40的发声单元42经由该容纳孔22a的开口露出。在本实施例中，从上下方向看，容纳孔22a是圆形，可以匹配扬声器40的圆筒 形的箱体41，其直径与箱体41的外径基本相等。容纳孔22a的形状并不限于此，例如也可以是方形。另外，容纳孔22a也可以朝向后方开放。具体而言，以圆形的容纳孔22a为例，俯视时，容纳孔22a的轮廓线的并非是整圆，而是在后侧有豁口。
另外，在蒙皮23上设有开口23a，从上下方向看，开口23a与容纳孔22a的开口重合，且开口23a稍稍大于容纳孔22a的开口。在蒙皮23的开口23a上设有安装部件24，安装部件24上设有开口24a，从上下方向看，开口24a与容纳孔22a的开口重合。另外，可以理解，从上下方向看(即从面对开口23a的方向看)，开口23a与扬声器40位置重合。
在该开口24a上安装有护罩25(图3)，护罩25覆盖在扬声器40的上方，或者也可以说护罩25覆盖蒙皮23的开口23a或者安装部件24的开口24a。护罩25具有多个通孔，整体呈类似于筛网状，从而，一方面能够使扬声器40发出的声波能够向靠背外传播，另一方面能够抑制异物接触到扬声器40，避免扬声器40受到损伤等，特别是能够保护扬声器40的振膜不被挤压或划伤等。
护罩25的大小没有特别限制，可以与发声单元42的大小相同，也可以大于发声单元42，或者也可以小于发声单元42。
护罩25的材质没有特别限制，可以是金属制件，也可以是塑料制件等硬质材料部件。
另外，在本实施例中，护罩25以可拆卸的方式安装在蒙皮23a上，如此，可以拆下护罩25从而容易地对扬声器40进行安装、维护或更换等作业。作为其他实施例，护罩25以不可拆卸的方式安装在蒙皮23a上也可以。该护罩25的具体安装方式也没有特别限制，例如可以通过卡扣、螺钉等方式安装在安装部件24上。
另外，在本实施例中，护罩25通过安装部件24安装在蒙皮23上，该安装部件24例如是方形(长方形或正方形)的板状，护罩25是圆形。与圆形相比，形成为方形的安装部件24能够容易地与蒙皮23连接。如此，通过安装部件24，可以容易地将圆形的护罩25安装在蒙皮23上。此外，护罩25与安装部件24的形状并不限于此，也可以采用其他形状。另外，还可以省略掉安装部件24，使护罩25直接安装在蒙皮23上。
安装部件24与蒙皮23的连接方式没有特别限制，例如可以采用缝合、夹紧或者粘接等方式。安装部件24的材质没有特别限制，例如可以采用金属或塑料等材料制成。安装部件24的开口24a可以大于容纳孔22a的直径，如此，可以容易地使扬声器40穿过该开口24a，从而能够容易地对扬声器40进行安装、拆卸或更换等作业。
另外，在本实施例中，一个安装部件24对应一个扬声器40，然而，本申请并不限于此，例如可以使一个安装部件24对应多个扬声器40。具体而言，例如，将图4中左侧的安装部件24与右侧的安装部件24改进为由一个安装部件构成，在其上形成左右两个开口，分别对应左侧和右侧的扬声器40。
参照图9，容纳孔22a与头枕30在左右方向上是错开的，不重叠。使得，扬声器40与头枕30在左右方向上错开配置，护罩25与头枕在左右方向上错开配置。如此，能够容易地对扬声器40进行安装、维护或更换等作业。
另外，如上所述，由于在衬垫22内设置扬声器40，有可能造成座椅的乘坐舒适 性的下降。为了有效抑制乘坐舒适性的下降，扬声器40与衬垫22的前表面间的最小距离可以大于0.5cm，避免衬垫22在此部分太薄影响乘坐舒适性。另外，本申请并不限于此，也可以大于0.8cm、1cm、1.5cm、3cm、4cm、4.5cm等。另外，该最小距离可以小于5cm，避免容纳孔22a形成得太小而难以安装扬声器40。另外，本申请并不限于此，也可以小于6cm、10cm等。该扬声器40与衬垫22的前表面间的最小距离也可以看做是容纳孔22a的内壁与衬垫22的前表面间的最小距离d(图8)。
另外，为了抑制乘坐舒适性的下降，可以在容纳孔22a的内壁上设置加强筋，由此来加强衬垫22在设有容纳孔22a的部分的强度，使就坐者不容易通过触觉感受到扬声器40的存在。该加强筋可以是横向的，例如可以是环形的。如此，相比于纵向的加强筋，可以有效提高衬垫22的强度。
图10是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的另一种安装结构的一种示意图。图11是图9中的扬声器的安装结构的另一种示意图。
如图10、图11所示，在靠背20的骨架21上固定有箱体212，箱体212具有容纳孔212b，容纳孔212b朝上方开口。扬声器40经由该开口插入箱体212的容纳孔212b中。可以理解，将扬声器40从箱体212中拔出即可容易地实现拆卸。通过这种插入的方式来安装扬声器40，从而能够容易地对扬声器40进行安装、维护或更换等作业。另外，在扬声器40的箱体41上设有接口41a，在箱体212上设有接口212a，接口41a与接口212a电连接，能够对扬声器40进行供电和/或传输信号。在将扬声器40插入箱体212上的同时，接口41a与接口212a也实现电连接。如此，能够更加容易地对扬声器40进行安装、维护或更换等作业。
接口41a与接口212a的种类没有特别限定，例如可以采用双绞线式接口或者USB接口等。接口41a与接口212a间的协议类型没有特别限制，可以采用多种公有或私有协议。
另外，在本实施例中，接口41a为母口，接口212a为公口，具体而言，接口41a从箱体41上凹进，接口212a从容纳孔212b的底面突出。如此，与在扬声器40上形成突出的接口相比，能够避免突出的接口在运输过程中受到撞击等产生损坏。
图12是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种安装结构的示意图。
如图12所示，在扬声器40的箱体41上设有导向部41b，在箱体212上设有对应的导向部212c，通过导向部41b与导向部212c的配合，能够对箱体41向箱体212插入时的插入动作进行引导，使箱体41容易地插入箱体212。另外，还可以使接口41a与接口212a容易地实现对接。另外，该导向部41b与导向部212c还能够起到抑制箱体41相对于箱体212产生转动的止转部的作用。这里所谓的导向部、止转部属于本申请中的安装部。
在本实施例中，导向部41b为设置在箱体41的外壁面上的槽，且为沿着上下方向延伸的长槽；导向部212c为设置在箱体212的内壁面上的突起，且为沿着上下方向延伸的长条状的突起。可以理解，导向部41b与导向部212c的具体结构并不限于此，还可以采用其他结构。
在上面的描述中，扬声器40的长边方向与上下方向一致。然而，本申请并不限于此，也可以使扬声器40(的箱体41)相对于上下方向倾斜配置。具体例如越靠下侧越 靠左右方向外侧倾斜，此时，可以使扬声器40的配置位置尽量避开就坐者的后背，降低就坐者感受到扬声器40的存在的可能性，抑制乘坐舒适性的下降。
可选的，扬声器40以可调节发声方向的方式设置。
图13是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种调节结构的示意图。
如图13所示，发声单元42以可以轴线X2为中心转动的方式安装在箱体41上。具体而言，发声单元42通过沿着左右方向延伸的转轴54安装在箱体41上，能够以转轴54(的轴线X2)为中心转动。转轴54从箱体41内伸出箱体41外部，伸出的端部上设有齿轮53。该齿轮53上啮合有齿轮52。齿轮52与安装在靠背20的骨架21上的电机51传动连接，能够被电机51驱动而进行转动。该转动传递给齿轮53，齿轮53带动转轴54转动，转轴54带动发声单元42转动，从而能够调整扬声器40的发声方向(中心线X1的方向)。例如，可以使扬声器40从发声方向为朝向正上方的姿态调整为发声方向向前倾斜的姿态。如此，可以提高降噪效果。这里，电机51、齿轮53、转轴54构成了能够调节扬声器40的发声方向的驱动机构。可以理解，驱动机构的结构并不限于此，可以采用其他任意合适的结构。
可以理解，电机51受控制装置(未图示)的控制。该控制装置可以集成在控制装置81(图2)中，也可以独立于控制装置81设置，但与控制装置81信号连接。
在本实施例中，控制电机51的控制装置集成在控制装置81中。另外，该控制装置81与座舱域控制器(CDC，Cockpit Domain Controller，未图示)信号连接。座舱域控制器可以通过设置在座舱中的摄像头(未图示)等传感器来获得就坐者的耳部位置信息，将此耳部位置信息发送给控制装置81，控制装置81根据该位置信息调节扬声器40的发声方向。控制装置81可以集成于座舱域控制器中，也可以独立于座舱域控制器设置。
另外，控制装置81也可以根据其他事项来调整扬声器40的发声方向，例如，可以预先将扬声器40的姿态和不同的用户信息(或者叫用户的身份信息)关联存储起来，在用户登陆账号等时，根据用户信息来调整扬声器40的姿态(包括发声方向)。又例如，还可以根据用户的指令(包括语音指令和按键操作指令等)来调整扬声器40的姿态。
控制装置81在调整好扬声器40的发声方向后，使扬声器40发出抗噪声，从而实现降噪。
控制装置的这些功能以及其他功能可以通过由处理器来执行程序(软件)实现，另外，也可以通过LSI(Large Scale Integration，大规模集成电路)和ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，专用集成电路)等硬件来实现，或者还可以通过软件和硬件的组合来来实现。
在本实施例中，齿轮52与齿轮53构成传动机构，二者为锥齿轮。然而，也可以采用其他形式的齿轮。
另外，作为其他实施例，电机51不限于固定在骨架21上，例如也可以固定在箱体41上。另外，也可以省略电机51，此时，可以由就坐者手动调节扬声器40的发声方向。
图14是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的另一种调节结构的示意图。
如图14所示，本实施例与图13所示实施例的主要区别在于，在图13所示实施 例中，使发声单元42相对于箱体41能够转动从而能够调节扬声器40的发声方向，在本实施例中，使箱体41以能够转动的方式安装在靠背20上，从而能够调节扬声器40的发声方向。
具体而言，如图14所示，箱体41通过沿着左右方向延伸的转轴64安装在靠背20的骨架21上，能够以转轴64(具体而言是其轴线X3)为中心相对于靠背20进行转动。在转轴64上设有齿轮63，齿轮63上啮合有齿轮62。齿轮62与安装在靠背20的骨架21上的电机61连接，能够被电机61驱动而转动。由此，能够驱动扬声器40相对于靠背20转动，从而调整扬声器40的发声方向。
另外，上面说明的使发声单元42与箱体41转动的结构仅仅是例示，还可以采用其他的转动结构。
这里，电机61、齿轮62、齿轮63、转轴64构成了能够调节扬声器40的发声方向的驱动机构(或者叫转动机构)。可以理解，驱动机构的结构并不限于此，可以采用其他任意合适的结构。
可选的，扬声器40以可升降的方式安装在靠背20上。
图15是本申请实施例中提供的扬声器的一种移动结构的示意图。
如图15所示，在靠背20的骨架21上安装有电机71，电机71的输出轴上固定有齿轮72。在扬声器40的箱体41上安装有齿条73，齿条73沿着上下方向延伸。齿轮72与齿条73相啮合。在电机71的驱动下，齿轮72转动，使齿条73上下移动，齿条73带动箱体41上下移动，从而使扬声器40进行升降运动。
在本实施例中，扬声器40在初始位置位于蒙皮23的外表面以下，将此位置称为第一位置，此时，扬声器40的上表面可以与蒙皮23大致平齐。在电机71的驱动下，扬声器40可以由第一位置向上升起而移动到突出于蒙皮23的外表面之外的伸出位置(称为第二位置)。可选的，护罩25可以安装在箱体41上，与箱体41一体移动。
这里，电机71、齿轮72、齿条73构成了能够使扬声器40升降的驱动机构(或者叫升降机构)。可以理解，驱动机构的结构并不限于此，可以采用其他任意合适的结构。
控制电机71进行驱动以控制扬声器40升降的控制装置可以集成于控制装置81，也可以独立于控制装置81设置。在本实施例中，控制电机71的控制装置集成于控制装置81中。控制装置81可以根据指示座椅上是否有乘坐者的就坐信息来控制扬声器40在第一位置和第二位置间切换。具体而言，控制装置81获取就坐信息，当就坐信息指示座椅上有乘坐者时，使扬声器40由第一位置向上升起，移动到从蒙皮23的外表面突起的第二位置，之后，控制扬声器40发出抗噪声。当不需要扬声器40工作时，控制装置81可以使扬声器40从第二位置移动到没入蒙皮23的外表面内的第一位置。
另外，上述就坐信息可以通过摄像头或者设置在坐垫10内的压力传感器来得到。可以由控制装置81对摄像头或压力传感器的传感信息进行处理以获得就坐信息，也可以由座舱域控制器进行处理来得到就坐信息，之后将该就坐信息发送给控制装置81。
另外，控制装置81也可以根据其他信息控制扬声器40移动到第二位置。例如可以根据就坐者的指令(包括语音指令、按键操作指令等)使扬声器40移动到伸出位置。或者根据就坐者的用户信息来使扬声器40移动到伸出位置。
另外，如图15所示，在本实施例中，扬声器40的发声方向为朝向前方。具体而 言，发声单元42的振膜423的中心线X1大致沿着前后方向配置，使振膜423朝向前方。在初始位置，箱体41的上表面与蒙皮23的外表面基本平齐。另外，此时可以省略护罩25及其相关结构。另外，这里的“朝向前方”的含义并非限于朝向正前方，例如也包括朝向前上方的情况。
在上面的说明中，以齿轮齿条式的结构为例，说明了扬声器40的升降结构，然而，可以理解，还可以采用其他结构，例如曲柄滑块结构等。
扬声器的发声方向可调的结构和扬声器能够升降的结构可以结合在一个实施例中。在这种情况下，可以采用两个电机分别进行驱动，也可以仅采用一个电机进行驱动。在仅采用一个电机时，可以在传动机构中设置离合器，以使调节发声方向的动作和升降的动作互不干涉。
作为一个控制方法例，在初始状态下，离合器处于第一状态，在第一状态下，电机和升降结构连接，电机和发声方向可调的结构的连接被切断，扬声器40位于蒙皮23的外表面以下。当需要升起扬声器40时，控制装置给电机发送控制指令，使电机通过升降结构驱动扬声器升起，当扬声器升起到目标位置时，控制装置使电机停止。之后，使离合器切换为第二状态，在第二状态，离合器使电机与发声方向可调的结构连接，使电机和升降结构的连接被切断。然后，控制装置使电机运转，通过发声方向可调的结构使扬声器40的发声单元42进行转动，从而调节扬声器40的发声方向至目标方向。
当需要收回扬声器40时，可以先将扬声器40的发声方向调节至初始方向，之后使电机停止，再切换离合器为第一状态，然后使电机运转，通过升降结构使扬声器40移动到没入蒙皮的外表面以下的位置。
可以理解，扬声器40的升降位置调节的动作和发声方向调节的动作的先后顺序可以互换。
下面对本申请实施例提供的车辆200在执行主动降噪控制时的一个动作过程例进行描述。该动作过程主要在控制装置81的控制下执行。
参照图2等，当控制装置81检测到座椅100上存在用户300时，控制装置81执行主动降噪控制。其中，控制装置81可以根据座舱内摄像头采集到的图像信息和/或设置在坐垫10内的压力传感器采集到的压力信息等来判断座椅100上是否存在用户300。另外，这一判断处理也可以由其他装置进行，将结果发送给控制装置。
另外，也可以由用户300给控制装置81发送指令使该控制装置81执行主动降噪控制。该指令例如包括操作指令或语音指令等。
在主动降噪控制中，控制装置81接收参考传感器82和误差传感器83采集的声音信息，根据参考传感器82和误差传感器83采集的声音信息进行计算，以确定抗噪声信息。
并且，控制装置81根据该抗噪声信息使扬声器40发出抗噪声。该抗噪声与噪声产生相消干涉，从而至少使用户300的耳部附近的噪声被抑制，使用户300感受到降噪效果。
可选的，控制装置81可以在进行主动降噪控制时，通过驱动机构调节扬声器40的发声方向。
采用如上方式，由于调节扬声器的发声方向，因而能够获得良好的降噪效果。
可选的，控制装置81可以获取就坐者(即用户)的耳部的位置信息，根据耳部的位置信息调节扬声器的发声方向。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的耳部的位置信息来调节扬声器的发声方向，因而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
可选的，控制装置81可以获取用户的身份信息，根据用户的身份信息调节扬声器的发声方向。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的身份信息调节发声方向，从而能够利用记忆功能等使发声方向与用户的设定等相适应，从而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
另外，可选的，控制装置81可以在进行主动降噪控制时，调节扬声器的高度位置。高度位置是指在上下方向上的位置。具体而言，可以给上述升降机构发送控制指令，通过升降机构使扬声器升起或下降，从而调节扬声器的多个高度位置。
例如，通过驱动机构将扬声器40升起，使其从没入蒙皮23以下的第一位置移动到突出于蒙皮23的外表面的第二位置。扬声器40的升起动作可以与发出抗噪声的动作同时进行，也可以在扬声器40的升起动作完成后即移动到目标位置时再开始发出抗噪声。
另外，可以理解，第二位置可以包括多个具体的高度位置。
采用如上方式，由于调节扬声器的高度位置，因而能够获得良好的降噪效果。
另外，控制装置81可以根据用户的耳部的位置信息和/或用户的身份信息来调节扬声器的高度位置。
采用如上方式，由于根据用户的耳部的位置信息来调节扬声器的高度位置，因而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。另外，由于根据用户的身份信息调节扬声器的高度位置，从而能够使扬声器的高度与用户的设定等相适应，从而能够使用户感受到良好的降噪效果。
在上面的描述中，控制装置81根据参考传感器82和误差传感器83这两个声音传感器采集的声音信息来确定抗噪声信息，然而，也可以仅根据一个声音传感器采集的声音信息来确定抗噪声信息。
本申请实施例还提供一种降噪控制方法，该降噪控制方法可以由上述控制装置81执行。控制装置81可以集成于座舱域控制器或者其他电子设备(例如车载智慧屏)中，因此，该降噪控制方法也可以由电子设备执行。另外，控制装置81可以具有处理器或芯片，因此，该降噪控制方法也可以由处理器或芯片执行。再者，控制装置81可以属于座椅100和车辆200，因此，该降噪控制方法也可以由座椅100或车辆200执行。另外，控制装置81可以采用电子控制单元(Electronic Control Unit，ECU)或微控制单元(Microcontroller Unit；MCU)等制成。
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种降噪控制方法的说明图。如图16所示，该降噪控制方法包括：S1、获取声音信息；S2、根据声音信息确定抗噪声信息；S3、使扬声器(例如上述扬声器40)发出抗噪声。
在S1中，可以接收一个或多个声音传感器采集的声音信息。该一个或多个声音传感器例如包括上述的参考传感器82和误差传感器83。
在S2中，根据接收到的声音信息进行计算，确定抗噪声信息。
在S3中，根据抗噪声信息，向扬声器发送控制指令，使扬声器发出抗噪声。此时，抗噪声与噪声产生相消干涉，从而使噪声衰减，实现降噪效果。
可选的，降噪控制方法还可以包括：S4、发出控制指令，以调节扬声器的发声方向。
可选的，可以获取就坐者(即用户)的耳部的位置信息，根据耳部的位置信息调节扬声器的发声方向。
可选的，可以获取用户的身份信息，根据用户的身份信息调节扬声器的发声方向。
可选的，降噪控制方法还可以包括：S5、发出控制指令，以调节扬声器的高度位置。高度位置是指在上下方向上的位置。具体而言，可以给上述升降机构发送控制指令，通过升降机构使扬声器升起或下降，从而调节扬声器的多个高度位置。
另外，可选的，可以根据用户的耳部的位置信息和/或用户的身份信息来调节扬声器的高度位置。
另外，可以理解，降噪控制方法中还可以包括以上实施例中描述的多种内容。
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种控制装置的结构示意图。如图17所示，控制装置81包括处理模块811与获取模块812，处理模块811可以用于执行上述降噪控制方法中的S2、S3等内容，获取模块812可以用于执行S1等内容。另外，处理模块811还可以执行上述S4、S5中的内容。此外，可以理解，处理模块811与获取模块812还可以执行以上实施例中描述的多种处理。为避免重复，这里不再展开描述。另外，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序、计算机可读存储介质与电子设备(或计算设备)。图18为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备(或计算设备)的结构示意图。如图18所示，该电子设备90具有处理器91和存储器92(计算机可读存储介质)，该存储器中存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序当被处理器(或者说计算机)运行时，可以使处理器(或者说计算机)执行上述降噪控制方法。
为了进一步验证本申请的降噪方案的效果，发明人进行了测试。图19为对本申请的降噪方案的降噪效果进行测试的测试方法的示意性说明图。
参照图19，按照如下方式进行了测试。另外，测试中采用的降噪方案与图2～图9所示的方案基本相同。
(1)在副驾座椅人头活动区域范围内同一水平面上设置5个目标测点，包括位于中心的测点1，与分别位于测点1前后左右的测点2～5，测点2～5到测点1的距离均设为5cm。可以理解，该距离并不限于5cm，可以根据设想的人头活动范围进行设定。
(2)在汽车车身布置加速度传感器用于拾取前馈主动降噪系统的参考信号；
(3)使人头中心处于步骤(1)中所述的某个测点处，在此位置的人耳附近布置两个传声器用于拾取人耳处的误差信号；
(4)根据参考信号和某测点的误差信号优化针对该点的控制滤波器系数，可使用自适应或离线的方式(若使用自适应的方式，则在自适应收敛以后将滤波器系数固定下来)。
(5)将步骤(4)所述优化得到的针对某一测点的滤波器系数导入主动降噪控制系统中并开启主动降噪系统。
(6)依次测试使用步骤(4)中所述的针对某一测点的滤波器系数在其余各测点处测试降噪性能。
(7)依次移动人头中心位置至步骤(1)所述的各个测点，并重复步骤(3)～步骤(6)，获得针对不同标定点优化的滤波器对其余各点的降噪性能。
(8)对比现有技术中的头枕次级源方案与本申请所提出的座椅次级源方案在副驾驶位附近多个点的降噪效果和控制后声场对人头移动的鲁棒性，按照图16所标注的5个测点位置，针对测点1、2、3优化出的滤波器分别记为滤波器1、2、3，以50千米/小时(kilometer/hours，km/h)匀速行驶且使用固定控制滤波器方案的情况为例，使用头枕扬声器方案的实车测试结果如表1所示，使用本申请所提出的座椅扬声器方案的测试结果如表2所示。
表1使用头枕扬声器方案的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022138062-appb-000001
表2使用座椅扬声器方案测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022138062-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022138062-appb-000003
参照表1、表2可知，对比两种方案的测试结果，使用头枕扬声器方案的情况下，在使用测点1和测点3优化得到的滤波器1和滤波器3时，在测点2处均出现了降噪量为负值的情况，即声压级增大。而使用本申请所提出的座椅扬声器方案在所有点降噪量均为正值，并且使用同一个滤波器在不同测点测得的的降噪量最大差值也小于使用头枕次级源方案的结果。说明本申请提供的座椅扬声器方案有更大的人头可移动范围，提升了主动降噪系统对驾乘人员头部移动的鲁棒性。
综上，采用本申请的方案，可以获得如下的技术效果。
本申请提出的一种用于汽车座舱内主动降噪的车辆座椅等，相比于现有的将抗噪声源安装在头枕内的方案，其将作为抗噪声源的扬声器设置在背靠内部，提升了主动降噪系统对驾乘人员头部移动的鲁棒性。
另外，本申请提出的一种用于汽车座舱内主动降噪的车辆座椅等，相比于现有的座椅结构，将背靠骨架进行了改进使之能够方便安装含空腔的扬声器于座椅背靠内。
另外，本申请提出的一种用于汽车座舱内主动降噪的车辆座椅等，相比于头枕扬声器方案，适当增大了抗噪声源与人耳的距离，使得主动降噪系统的电流噪声对人的听感影响更小，提高了降噪效果。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种车辆座椅，其特征在于，包括靠背(20)与扬声器(40)；
    所述靠背(20)包括第一骨架(21)与蒙皮(23)；
    所述扬声器(40)安装于所述第一骨架(21)；
    所述蒙皮(23)上设有第一开口(23a)，从面对所述第一开口(23a)的方向看，所述第一开口(23a)与所述扬声器(40)位置重合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述第一开口(23a)朝向上方。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，还包括头枕(30)，所述第一开口(23a)在左右方向上与所述头枕(30)错开配置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述第一骨架(21)具有肩部(211)，在所述肩部(211)设有向下凹的凹部(211a)，所述扬声器(40)配置于所述凹部(211a)中。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，在所述蒙皮(23)上安装有护罩(25)，所述护罩(25)覆盖所述第一开口(23a)，并且设有多个通孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，在所述蒙皮(23)上配置有安装部件(24)；
    所述护罩(25)通过安装于所述安装部件(24)从而安装于所述蒙皮(23)，且所述护罩(25)以可拆卸的方式安装于所述安装部件(24)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述护罩(25)为圆形，所述安装部件(24)为方形。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)包括第一箱体(41)；
    在所述第一骨架(21)上配置有第二箱体(212)；
    所述第一箱体(41)以可拆卸的方式插入所述第二箱体(212)中。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，在所述第一箱体(41)上设有第一接口(41a)；
    在所述第二箱体(212)上设有第二接口(212a)，所述第一接口(41a)与所述第二接口(212a)电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)包 括第一箱体(41)与发声单元(42)，所述发声单元(42)安装于所述第一箱体(41)；
    所述发声单元(42)以能够进行第一转动的方式安装在所述第一箱体(41)上，所述第一转动为以沿着左右方向配置的第一轴线(X2)为中心的转动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，还包括第一电机(51)，所述第一电机(51)用于驱动所述发声单元(42)进行所述第一转动。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，还包括控制装置，所述控制装置获取就坐者的耳部位置信息，根据所述耳部位置信息控制第一电机(51)驱动所述发声单元(42)进行所述第一转动。
  13. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)以能够进行第二转动的方式安装在所述第一骨架(21)上，所述第二转动为以沿着左右方向配置的第二轴线(X3)为中心的转动。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，还包括第二电机(61)，所述第二电机(61)用于驱动所述扬声器(40)进行所述第二转动。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，还包括控制装置，所述控制装置获取就坐者的耳部位置信息，根据所述耳部位置信息控制所述第二电机(61)驱动所述扬声器(40)进行所述第二转动。
  16. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)能够在第一位置和第二位置间移动；
    在所述第一位置，所述扬声器(40)从所述第一开口突出于所述蒙皮(23)的外表面之外；
    在所述第二位置，所述扬声器(40)没入所述蒙皮(23)的所述外表面。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，还包括第三电机(71)，所述第三电机(71)用于驱动所述扬声器(40)在所述第一位置与所述第二位置间移动。
  18. 根据权利要求14或15所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)包括振膜(423)，所述振膜(423)朝向前方配置。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述靠背(20)还包括衬垫(22)，在所述衬垫(22)上设有容纳孔(22a)，所述扬声器(40)容纳于所述容纳孔(22a)；
    所述容纳孔(22a)的孔壁与所述衬垫(22)的前表面间的最小距离大于0.5厘米。
  20. 根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述靠背(20)还包括衬垫(22)，在所述衬垫(22)上设有容纳孔(22a)，所述扬声器(40)容纳于所述容纳孔(22a)；
    所述容纳孔(22a)的内壁上设有加强筋。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)的振膜(423)的中心线(X1)与竖直方向的夹角设定为0～60度。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)的振膜(423)的直径设定为1～4寸。
  23. 根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的车辆座椅，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)包括第一箱体(41)，所述第一箱体(41)的内腔容积为1～3升。
  24. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括安装部，用于安装在车辆座椅的靠背的骨架上。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的扬声器，其特征在于，还包括第一箱体(41)与发声单元(42)，所述发声单元(42)安装于所述第一箱体(41)；
    所述安装部设置于所述第一箱体(41)。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一箱体(41)的内腔容积为1～3升。
  27. 根据权利要求24-26中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述扬声器(40)的振膜(423)的直径设定为1～4寸。
  28. 根据权利要求24-27中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述安装部包括导向部。
  29. 根据权利要求24-28中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述扬声器用于在控制装置的控制下在第一位置和第二位置间切换。
  30. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-23中任一项所述的车辆座椅。
PCT/CN2022/138062 2022-03-08 2022-12-09 车辆座椅、扬声器与车辆 WO2023169026A1 (zh)

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