WO2023165462A1 - 电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023165462A1
WO2023165462A1 PCT/CN2023/078676 CN2023078676W WO2023165462A1 WO 2023165462 A1 WO2023165462 A1 WO 2023165462A1 CN 2023078676 W CN2023078676 W CN 2023078676W WO 2023165462 A1 WO2023165462 A1 WO 2023165462A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
battery cell
relief structure
end cap
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/078676
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈小波
顾明光
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023165462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023165462A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • lithium-ion batteries are widely used because of their advantages such as high energy density, high output power, long cycle life and low environmental pollution.
  • safety performance is also an issue that cannot be ignored. If the safety of the battery cannot be guaranteed, the battery cannot be used. Therefore, how to enhance the safety of the battery is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the battery technology.
  • the present application provides a lifting device, a lifting function module and a power exchange station, which can reduce the wear and tear on the chassis of the electrical device during the lifting process.
  • the present application provides an end cover of a battery cell, including a through hole and a pressure relief structure.
  • the through holes are used to mount electrode terminals of the battery cells.
  • the pressure relief structure is provided with a first weakened portion, the first weakened portion is configured in an arc shape, the curvature center of the first weakened portion is located on the side of the first weakened portion away from the through hole, and the pressure relief structure is configured inside the battery cell When the pressure reaches the threshold value, the first weakened portion is cracked, so that at least part of the pressure relief structure is folded toward the side away from the through hole and the internal pressure is released.
  • the pressure relief structure surrounded by the arc-shaped first weak part will be folded towards the center of curvature of the first weak part under the action of stress, so as to keep away from the electrode
  • the terminal reduces the risk that the pressure relief structure surrounded by the first weak portion overlaps with the electrode terminal, reduces the possibility of contact between the pressure relief mechanism and the electrode terminal, and is conducive to improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the first weak portion is provided with a second groove, and the second groove is opened on a side of the pressure relief structure away from the inside of the battery cell, which is beneficial to make the first weak portion easier to break.
  • both the first groove and the second groove are configured as V-shaped grooves. Because the groove bottom of the V-shaped groove is sharp, it has a downward cracking stress, and the effect of reducing the strength of the position is more significant, which can effectively reduce the strength of the shaft part and the first weak part.
  • the pressure relief structure is arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular line between the centers of the two through holes, which not only facilitates the positioning of the pressure relief structure on the end cover, but also facilitates the positioning of the pressure relief structure. Processing and forming.
  • the end cover is provided with a recess, and the pressure relief structure is arranged at the bottom of the recess.
  • the setting of the recess can reduce the thickness here, and the pressure relief structure is arranged at the bottom of the recess, so that The thickness is small and easy to break, which helps to realize the function of exhaust and pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell provided by the above technical solution.
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the battery provided by the above technical solution, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the present application provides an electric device. Since the electric device includes the battery provided by the above technical solution, the electric device has high safety.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a first viewing angle of an end cap provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the reference numerals in the specific embodiment are as follows: 1000, vehicle; 100, battery; 200, controller; 300, motor; 10. Cabinet; 11. The first part; 12. The second part; 20. Battery cell; 21. End cover; 21a. Electrode terminal; 22. Shell; 23. Cell assembly; 23a. polar ear 211, through hole; 212, pressure relief structure; 2121, first weak part; 2122, rotating shaft part; 2123, second weak part; 213, concave part; 2131, sunken step.
  • Batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, firepower, wind power and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the end cap of the battery cell in the related art is usually provided with a pressure relief mechanism, which can be opened when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, and the internal pressure of the battery cell is released to ensure the internal pressure of the battery cell.
  • the pressure is within a preset range, thus ensuring the safety of the battery cells.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is formed by opening a groove on the end cap to make a weak part appear on the end cap. When the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, the groove cracks, and part of the end cap is turned over to realize the pressure relief mechanism. Turn on the pressure relief.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can keep the internal pressure of the battery cell within a preset range, prevent the internal pressure of the battery cell from being too high, reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell, and help improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the weak part of the pressure relief structure is arranged in an arc shape, and the curvature center of the arc is located on the side of the first weak part away from the electrode terminal, so that when the weak part is cracked, the overturned end cap will be under stress. Fold under force toward the side facing away from the electrode terminal.
  • the applicant has designed an end cover of the battery cell after in-depth research.
  • the flipped end cover Folding away from the electrode terminal prevents the flipped end cover from contacting the electrode terminal, avoiding the risk of the battery cell being short-circuited by the end cover, and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device may be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a notebook computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, and the like.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.; electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , a casing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cover 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cap 21 can also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 21 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the cell assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the housing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by making the end cover 21 cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated, specifically, the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connecting surface before other components enter the housing, and when the inside of the housing 22 needs to be sealed, the end cover 21 is then used to cover the housing 22.
  • the cell assembly 23 is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the coated positive electrode.
  • the positive current collector of the active material layer, and the positive current collector not coated with the positive active material layer are used as positive tabs.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the cell assembly 23 may be a wound structure or a stacked structure, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the following current collectors can be applied to a positive electrode current collector and can also be applied to a negative electrode current collector.
  • the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with the active material constitutes the main body of the cell assembly, and the positive tab and the negative tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at both ends of the main body.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab 23a is electrically connected to the electrode terminal to extract electric energy.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an end cap provided by some embodiments of the present application at a first viewing angle
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an end cap provided by some embodiments of the present application at a second viewing angle.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide an end cover 21 of a battery cell, including a pressure relief structure 212 and a through hole 211, the through hole 211 is used to install the electrode terminal 21a of the battery cell, and the pressure relief structure 212 is provided with a first The weak part 2121, the first weak part 2121 is configured in an arc shape, the curvature center of the first weak part 2121 is located on the side of the first weak part 2121 away from the through hole 211, and the pressure relief structure 212 is configured so that the internal pressure of the battery cell When the threshold value is reached, the first weakened portion 2121 is cracked, so that at least part of the pressure relief structure 212 is folded toward the side away from the through hole 211 to release the internal pressure.
  • the through hole 211 is a hole penetrating through the end cover 21 along the thickness direction, and the electrode terminal 21a of the battery cell is penetrated in the through hole 211 to realize the output of the electric energy of the battery cell.
  • the rotating shaft part 2122 refers to the handover position between the folded pressure relief structure 212 and the unfolded pressure relief structure 212 when part of the pressure relief structure 212 is folded over, and the folded pressure relief structure 212 rotates around the transition point. It should be noted that the rotating shaft part 2122 is an area where the first weak part 2121 is not provided in the pressure relief structure. When the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, the first weak part 2121 will rupture but the rotating shaft part 2122 will not rupture. Portion 2122 can serve as an axis of rotation for folded pressure relief structure 212 .
  • the rotating shaft part 2122 By setting the rotating shaft part 2122, the area surrounded by the rotating shaft part 2122 and the first weak part 2121 in the pressure relief structure 212 is turned over, which is convenient for those skilled in the art to delineate the turning area in the pressure relief structure 212, and is convenient for the pressure relief structure. 212 for arrangement.
  • first weakened portion 2121 by weakening the strength of the structure by changing the thickness is easier to operate than forming the first weakened portion 2121 by weakening the strength of the structure by changing the material, which is beneficial to reduce the processing of the first weakened portion 2121 cost.
  • the thickness of the shaft portion 2122 is between the thickness of the first weakened portion 2121 and the thickness of the rest of the pressure relief structure 212 .
  • the thickness H2 of the shaft portion 2122 the thickness H1 of the first weak portion 2121 and the thickness H3 of the rest of the pressure relief structure 212 : H1 ⁇ H2 ⁇ H3.
  • the strength of the rotating shaft part 2122 is smaller than the strength of the rest of the pressure relief structure 212, so that the pressure relief structure 212 surrounded by the closed contour is formed by the rotating shaft part. 2122 is easy to flip when the shaft is flipped.
  • the pressure relief structure 212 is further provided with two second weak parts 2123, and the two second weak parts 2123 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the first weak part 2121.
  • Two second weak parts 2123 are connected between the first weak part 2121 and the shaft part 2122, and the second weak part 2123, the shaft part 2122 and the first weak part 2121 are connected to form a closed contour.
  • the shaft part 2122 is provided with a first groove, and the first groove is opened on the side of the pressure relief structure 212 close to the inside of the battery cell.
  • a side close to the inside of the battery cell refers to a side of the pressure relief structure 212 that is close to the cell assembly 23 in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief structure 212 surrounded by the closed contour When the pressure relief structure 212 surrounded by the closed contour is turned over, it is turned outward from the side close to the inside of the battery cell with the shaft part 2122 as the axis, and the first groove is opened in the side of the pressure relief structure 212 close to the inside of the battery cell On one side, the gap can be opened for the overturning of the pressure relief structure 212 surrounded by the closed contour, further reducing the difficulty of inverting the pressure relief structure 212 surrounded by the closed contour.
  • the second groove refers to the groove formed on the first weak portion 2121 by machining to remove material, which reduces the strength here, so that the pressure relief structure 212 surrounded by the closed contour can be easily broken here.
  • the second weak portion 2123 is formed by setting a third groove.
  • the third groove is also opened on the side of the pressure relief structure 212 away from the inside of the battery cell and connected to the second groove. Its structural parameters and dimensions are the same as those of the second groove.
  • the second slot is the same.
  • the side away from the inside of the battery cell means that the pressure relief structure 212 is away from the cell assembly 23 in the battery cell side.
  • both the first groove and the second groove are configured as V-shaped grooves.
  • the V-shaped groove refers to a groove whose cross-sectional shape is V-shaped.
  • the first groove and the second groove can also be configured as grooves of other shapes, for example, U-shaped grooves, square grooves and the like. Those skilled in the art can select the shape of the groove according to the actual situation, as long as the groove can remove material and reduce the strength of the position.
  • the groove bottom of the V-shaped groove is sharp, it has a downward cracking stress, and the effect of reducing the strength of the position is more significant, which can effectively reduce the strength of the shaft part 2122 and the first weak part 2121 .
  • FIG. 4 there are two through holes 211 , and the pressure relief structure 212 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular line between the centers of the two through holes 211 .
  • the two through holes 211 are for respectively installing two electrode terminals 21a with opposite polarities, so that the two electrode terminals 21a with opposite polarities of the battery cell can extend out of the battery cell from the end cover 21 to output electrical energy.
  • the vertical line passing through the center of the end cover 21 can facilitate the determination of the position of the through hole 211 and facilitate the processing and manufacturing of the through hole 211 on the end cover 21 .
  • the central angle corresponding to the first weak portion 2121 is less than or equal to 180°.
  • the end cover 21 is provided with a concave portion 213 , and the pressure relief structure 212 is disposed at the bottom of the concave portion 213 .
  • the concave portion 213 is provided on the side of the end cover 21 away from the inside of the battery cell, and the concave portion 213 is formed on the end cover 21 sink area to form.
  • the concave portion 213 can be formed by processing methods such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, etc. on the end cover 21 to remove material, or can be formed by stamping, casting, rolling and other processing methods when the end cover 21 is formed.
  • the cover 21 is integrally formed, and those skilled in the art can choose according to the actual situation.
  • the bottom of the recess 213 is the deepest plane in the recess 213 along the thickness direction of the end cover 21 .
  • the concave portion 213 includes a concave step 2131 arranged along the sidewall of the concave portion 213 .
  • the concave step 2131 refers to a step provided on the side wall of the concave portion 213 , so that the concave portion 213 is concave in a stepped shape.
  • the wall surface of the side wall of the recessed step 2131 and the plane of the bottom of the recess 213 are set at an obtuse angle, that is to say, the side wall of the recessed step 2131 is provided with a slope, so that the recess 213 is in the shape of a trumpet that opens outward. It is convenient to process the pressure relief structure 212 at the bottom of the concave portion 213 .
  • the recessed step 2131 may be provided with one, two or more steps, so as to facilitate the processing and shaping of the recess 213 .
  • the end cap assembly includes the end cap 21 provided by the above technical solution, the end cap assembly can reduce the possibility of the pressure relief mechanism coming into contact with the electrode terminal 21a, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery 100 .
  • the present application also provides a battery cell, which includes the end cover assembly provided by the above technical solution and the housing 22, one end of the housing 22 is provided with an opening, and the end cover The component cover is arranged on the opening.
  • the opening opened at one end of the casing 22 is used for loading the cell assembly 23 of the battery cell into the casing 22 .
  • the end cover assembly being disposed on the opening means that the end cover assembly is connected to the opening to separate the inside of the casing 22 from the outside.
  • the end cap assembly is sealingly connected to the opening to prevent leakage of the contents of the housing 22 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, which includes the battery cell provided by the above solution.
  • the present application provides an end cover 21 of a battery cell, including a pressure relief structure 212 and two through holes 211 , and the end cover 21 is provided with a recess 213 , as shown in Figure 7, the side wall of the concave portion 213 is provided with a first-level concave step 2131, the pressure relief structure 212 is disposed on the bottom surface of the concave portion 213, and the pressure relief structure 212 is provided with a first weak portion 2121, two second weak points part 2123 and the shaft part 2122 form a closed contour, the first weak part 2121 is configured as an arc, and the curvature center of the first weak part 2121 is located on the side of the first weak part 2121 away from the through hole 211, so that the inside of the battery cell When the pressure reaches the threshold and the first weak portion 2121 is cracked, the pressure relief structure 212 in the closed contour is folded toward the side away from the through hole 211 with the shaft portion
  • the second groove in the first weak portion 2121 and the third groove in the second weak portion 2123 are set on the side of the pressure relief structure 212 away from the inside of the battery cell
  • the first groove in the shaft portion 2122 is set on the side of the pressure relief structure 212 .
  • the side of the structure 212 near the interior of the battery cell.
  • the thickness of the first weak portion 2121 is less than or equal to the thickness of the shaft portion 2122 , so that the pressure relief structure 212 in the closed contour breaks along the first weak portion 2121 and folds toward the side away from the through hole 211 with the shaft portion 2122 as the axis.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置,其中电池单体的端盖包括通孔和泄压结构,通孔用于设置电极端子,泄压结构的第一薄弱部配置为弧形,且其曲率中心位于远离通孔的一侧,使得当第一薄弱部裂开时,弧形的第一薄弱部围成的泄压结构在应力作用下会向第一薄弱部的曲率中心翻折,从而远离电极端子,降低了第一薄弱部所围的泄压结构与电极端子发生搭接的风险,降低了泄压机构与电极端子发生接触的可能,有利于提高电池的安全性能。

Description

电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年03月04日提交的名称为“电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202220473773.1的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电化学装置技术领域,特别涉及一种电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池具有比能量高、功率密度高等优点,其广泛用于电子设备,例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
在电池技术的发展中,由于锂离子电池具备能量密度大、输出功率高、循环寿命长和环境污染小等优点,而被广泛应用。目前,除了提高电池的能量密度外,安全性能也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能得到保证,那该电池就无法使用,因此,如何增强电池的安全性,是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
实用新型内容
鉴于上述问题,本申请提供了一种举升装置、举升功能模块及换电站,能够减少举升过程中对用电装置底盘的磨损破坏。
一方面,本申请提供了一种电池单体的端盖,包括通孔和泄压结构。通孔用于安装电池单体的电极端子。泄压结构设有第一薄弱部,第一薄弱部配置为弧形,第一薄弱部的曲率中心位于第一薄弱部远离通孔的一侧,泄压结构被配置为在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时沿第一薄弱部裂开,以使泄压结构的至少部分朝背离通孔的一侧翻折并泄放内部压力。
本申请实施例的技术方案中,当第一薄弱部裂开时,弧形的第一薄弱部围成的泄压结构在应力作用下会向第一薄弱部的曲率中心翻折,从而远离电极端子,降低了第一薄弱部所围的泄压结构与电极端子发生搭接的风险,降低了泄压机构与电极端子发生接触的可能,有利于提高电池的安全性能。
根据本申请的一个实施例,泄压结构还设有转轴部,转轴部位于第一薄弱部远 离通孔的一侧至少部分泄压结构能够以转轴部为轴翻折。通过设置转轴部,使得泄压结构中由转轴部和第一薄弱部围成的闭合轮廓区域以转轴部为轴发生翻转,便于本领域技术人员在泄压结构中划定翻转区域,便于对泄压结构进行布置。
根据本申请的一个实施例,第一薄弱部的厚度小于端盖其余部分的厚度,能够使得端盖最容易发生破裂的部分为第一薄弱部。
根据本申请的一个实施例,转轴部的厚度处于第一薄弱部的厚度和泄压结构其余部分的厚度之间,使得转轴部的强度小于泄压结构其余部分的强度,使得闭合轮廓所围成的泄压结构在以转轴部为轴翻转时容易翻转。
根据本申请的一个实施例,泄压结构还设有两个第二薄弱部,两个第二薄弱部分别设置于第一薄弱部的两端,两个第二薄弱部均连接于第一薄弱部和转轴部之间,第二薄弱部、转轴部和第一薄弱部连成闭合轮廓。
通过设置第二薄弱部,使第二薄弱部连接于第一薄弱部和转轴部之间,围成闭合轮廓,第二薄弱部和第一薄弱部、转轴部共同形成泄压结构中翻转的部分。
根据本申请的一个实施例,转轴部设有第一槽,第一槽开设于泄压结构靠近电池单体内部的一侧,能够为闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构的翻转打开缺口,进一步降低闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构翻转的难度。
根据本申请的一个实施例,第一薄弱部设有第二槽,第二槽开设于泄压结构远离电池单体内部的一侧,有利于使第一薄弱部更容易破裂。
根据本申请的一个实施例,第一槽和第二槽均配置为V形槽。V形槽的槽底由于为尖锐形状,其具有向下开裂的应力,减轻所处部位强度的作用较为显著,能够有效地降低转轴部和第一薄弱部的强度。
根据本申请的一个实施例,通孔设有两个,泄压结构关于两个通孔中心连线的中垂线对称设置,不仅便于泄压结构在端盖上定位,还便于泄压结构的加工成形。
根据本申请的一个实施例,中垂线经过端盖的中心,能够便于确定通孔的位置,便于通孔在端盖上的加工制造。
根据本申请的一个实施例,第一薄弱部对应的圆心角小于或等于180°,能够保证第一薄弱部位于两个通孔的同一侧,能够避免因第一薄弱部过大或其他原因跨过两个通孔的中心连线设置,有利于确定第一薄弱部的布置位置。
根据本申请的一个实施例,端盖设有凹部,泄压结构设置于凹部的底部,凹部的设置能够减小此处的厚度,泄压结构设置于凹部的底部,使得泄压结构所在区域的厚度较小,易于破裂,有助于实现泄压机构排气泄压的作用。
根据本申请的一个实施例,凹部包括凹陷台阶,凹陷台阶沿凹部的侧壁布置。凹陷台阶能够避免因凹部的凹陷深度过大难以加工,有利于提高凹部的加工便利性。
另一个方面,本申请提供了一种端盖组件,包括上述任一技术方案所提供的端盖和电极端子,电极端子穿设于通孔中。
另一个方面,本申请提供了一种电池单体,包括上述技术方案所提供的端盖组件和壳体,壳体的一端设有开口,端盖组件盖设于开口。
另一个方面,本申请提供了一种电池,包括上述技术方案所提供的电池单体。
另一个方面,本申请提供了一种用电装置,包括上述技术方案所提供的电池,电池用于提供电能。
本公开的实施例提供的技术方案至少带来以下有益效果:
本申请提供了一种电池单体的端盖,该电池单体的端盖包括通孔和泄压结构,通孔用于设置电极端子,泄压结构的第一薄弱部配置为弧形,且其曲率中心位于远离通孔的一侧,使得当第一薄弱部裂开时,弧形的第一薄弱部围成的泄压结构在应力作用下会向第一薄弱部的曲率中心翻折,从而远离电极端子,降低了第一薄弱部所围的泄压结构与电极端子发生搭接的风险,降低了泄压机构与电极端子发生接触的可能,有利于提高电池的安全性能。
本申请提供了一种端盖组件,由于该端盖组件包括上述技术方案所提供的端盖,该端盖组件能够降低泄压机构与电极端子发生接触的可能,有利于提高电池的安全性能。
本申请提供了一种电池单体,由于该电池单体包括上述技术方案所提供的端盖组件,该电池单体具有较高的安全性。
本申请提供了一种电池,由于该电池包括上述技术方案所提供的电池单体,该电池具有较高的安全性。
本申请提供了一种用电装置,由于该用电装置包括上述技术方案所提供的电池,该用电装置具有较高的安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例所提供的车辆的结构示意图;
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图;
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图;
图4为本申请一些实施例所提供的端盖的第一视角的结构示意图;
图5为本申请一些实施例所提供的端盖的第二视角的结构示意图;
图6为本申请一些实施例所提供的端盖的剖视图;
图7为图6中A处的放大图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下:
1000、车辆;
100、电池;200、控制器;300、马达;
10、箱体;11、第一部分;12、第二部分;
20、电池单体;21、端盖;21a、电极端子;22、壳体;23、电芯组件;23a、
极耳;
211、通孔;212、泄压结构;2121、第一薄弱部;2122、转轴部;2123、第二
薄弱部;213、凹部;2131、凹陷台阶。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理,但不能用来限制本申请的范围,即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个以上;术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直,而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行,而是在误差允许范围之内。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着,结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例,也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是,本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向,并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中,还需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
目前,从市场形势的发展来看,电池的应用越加广泛。电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统,而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具,以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着电池应用领域的不断扩大,其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
相关技术中的电池单体的端盖上通常设置有泄压机构,泄压机构能够在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时打开,对电池单体的内部进行泄压,保证电池单体的内部压力处于预设范围内,从而保证电池单体的安全。通常,泄压机构通过在端盖上开设凹槽来使端盖上出现薄弱部来形成,当电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时,凹槽开裂,部分端盖翻折,实现泄压机构的开启泄压。这种泄压机构能够使电池单体的内部压力处于预设范围内,防止电池单体的内部压力过高,降低电池单体发生爆炸的危险,有利于提高电池单体的安全性。
申请人注意到,在通过开设凹槽在电池单体上设置的泄压结构中,当泄压机构开启时,部分端盖会向靠近电极端子的方向翻折,存在端盖将电极端子搭接,使电池单体短路的风险,这不利于电池单体安全性的提高。
为了避免电池单体发生短路,申请人研究发现,可以通过对形成的薄弱部的形状进行设置,使沿薄弱部开裂的端盖不与电极端子接触,来避免电池单体发生短路。具体为将泄压结构配置的薄弱部设置为弧形,并使弧形的曲率中心位于第一薄弱部远离电极端子的一侧,从而使薄弱部裂开时,翻转的端盖会在应力的作用力下朝背离电极端子的一侧翻折。
基于以上考虑,为了避免电池单体发生短路,申请人经过深入研究,设计了一种电池单体的端盖,通过在该端盖中设置曲率中心远离电极端子的薄弱部,使翻转的端盖朝向远离电极端子的方向翻折,从而防止翻转的端盖与电极端子接触,避免了端盖使电池单体短路的风险,有利于提高电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体的端盖,用于电池单体的端部,其上能够设置泄压结构和电极端子,使得端盖能够对电池单体内部进行泄压,还能够通过电极端子向外引出电流对外输出。本申请实施例公开的端盖可以但不限用于可再充电电池单体中,再充电电池单体是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性物质激活而继续使用的电池,本申请实施例公开的端盖能够有效防止电池单体自身发生短路,有利于提高电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体,该电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统,这样,有利于提升电池性能的稳定性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置,用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车,新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等;航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等;电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具,例如,游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等;电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具,例如,电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明,以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1,图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车,新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100,电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电,例如,电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300,控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电,例如,用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中,电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源,还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源,代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2,图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20,电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中,箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间,箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中,箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12,第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合,第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构,第一部分11可以为板状结构,第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧,以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间;第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构,第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然,第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状,比如,圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中,电池单体20可以是多个,多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联,混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起,再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内;当然,电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式,多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体,并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构,例如,该电池100还可以包括汇流部件,用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中,每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池;还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池,但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3,图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3,电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地,端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地,端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成,这样,端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变,使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度,安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接,以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中,端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的,比如,铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等,本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中,在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件,绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21,以降低短路的风险。示例性的,绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件,其中,形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件,可以于壳体22上设置开口,通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地,也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化,具体地,端盖 21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面,当需要封装壳体22的内部时,再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的,例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地,壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种,比如,铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等,本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。在一些实施例中,正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层,正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面,未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体,未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例,正极集流体的材料可以为铝,正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层,负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面;负极集流体包括负极涂覆区和连接于负极涂覆区的负极极耳,负极涂覆区涂覆有负极活性物质层,负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜,负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质,负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene,聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene,聚乙烯)等。此外,电芯组件23可以是卷绕式结构,也可以是叠片式结构,本申请实施例并不限于此。以下的集流体可以应用于正极集流体,也可以应用于负极集流体。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件的主体部,正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中,正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应,极耳23a电连接至电极端子以将电能引出。
根据本申请的一些实施例,图4为本申请一些实施例所提供的端盖的第一视角的结构示意图,图5为本申请一些实施例所提供的端盖的第二视角的结构示意图。本申请的一些实施例提供了一种电池单体的端盖21,包括泄压结构212和通孔211,通孔211用于安装电池单体的电极端子21a,泄压结构212设有第一薄弱部2121,第一薄弱部2121配置为弧形,第一薄弱部2121的曲率中心位于第一薄弱部2121远离通孔211的一侧,泄压结构212被配置为在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时沿第一薄弱部2121裂开,以使泄压结构212的至少部分朝背离通孔211的一侧翻折并泄放内部压力。
通孔211为沿厚度方向贯穿端盖21的孔,电池单体的电极端子21a穿设于通孔211中,实现将电池单体的电能向外输出。
第一薄弱部2121为泄压结构212中强度较低的区域,第一薄弱部2121的强度低于端盖21上其他部分的强度,当电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时,第一薄弱部2121发生破裂而泄压。在本申请的一些实施例中,第一薄弱部2121可以通过采用强度较弱的材料组成,使得第一薄弱部2121的强度低于端盖21上其他部分的强度;还可以通过设置一些结构来减弱此处泄压结构212的强度,以使第一薄弱部2121的强度低于端盖21上其他部分的强度,例如,在第一薄弱部2121设置去除材料的结构来减弱此处泄压结构212的强度。通过前述技术方案,第一薄弱部2121成为泄压结构212的强度 低于端盖21上其他部分的强度,当电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时,电池单体的端盖21会在泄压机构的第一薄弱部2121破裂,而不会在其他部位破裂,使得电池单体内的气体在第一薄弱部2121排出,降低了电池单体的内部压力,保证了电池单体的安全。
“第一薄弱部2121配置为弧形”是指形成第一薄弱部2121的区域的形状为弧形,第一薄弱部2121可以为圆弧形,也可以是椭圆弧形、螺旋弧形,弧形的具体形状此处不作限定,本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况进行选择,只要使第一薄弱部2121的曲率中心位于第一薄弱部2121远离通孔211的一侧即可。
当电池单体的内部压力达到阈值而导致泄压结构212沿第一薄弱部2121裂开时,弧形的第一薄弱部2121围成的泄压结构212会在应力作用下向第一薄弱部2121的曲率中心翻折,此过程中,第一薄弱部2121所围的泄压结构212部分是不断远离电极端子21a的,降低了泄压机构与电极端子21a发生搭接的风险,降低了泄压机构与电极端子21a发生接触的可能,有利于提高电池100的安全性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图6和图7所示,泄压结构212还设有转轴部2122,转轴部2122位于第一薄弱部2121远离通孔211的一侧,至少部分泄压结构212能够以转轴部2122为轴翻折。
转轴部2122是指部分泄压结构212翻折时,翻折的泄压结构212和未翻折的泄压结构212的交接部位,翻折的泄压结构212以该交接部位为轴转动。需要说明的是,转轴部2122为泄压结构中未设置第一薄弱部2121的区域,在电池单体20的内部压力达到阈值时,第一薄弱部2121破裂而转轴部2122不会破裂,转轴部2122能够作为翻折的泄压结构212的转动轴。
“转轴部2122位于第一薄弱部2121远离通孔211的一侧”是指转轴部2122和通孔211分别设置于第一薄弱部2121的两侧。闭合轮廓所围成的区域即为翻转的泄压结构212的区域,使得泄压结构212能够在指定区域(闭合轮廓所围成的区域)翻转,便于对泄压结构212中各个区域进行划分。在一些实施例中,转轴部2122和第一薄弱部2121在端盖21远离电芯组件23的一侧的投影连成闭合轮廓,使得闭合轮廓所围的泄压结构212能够以转轴部2122为轴翻折。
通过设置转轴部2122,使得泄压结构212中由转轴部2122和第一薄弱部2121围成的区域发生翻转,便于本领域技术人员在泄压结构212中划定翻转区域,便于对泄压结构212进行布置。
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一薄弱部2121的厚度小于端盖21其余部分的厚度。
通过将第一薄弱部2121的厚度设置为小于端盖21其余部分的厚度,使得第一薄弱部2121的强度低于端盖21其余部分的强度。通过这种方式,能够保证端盖21最容易发生破裂的部分为第一薄弱部2121,使得只要泄压结构212因为电池单体内部压力而破裂,破裂位置就位于第一薄弱部2121,便于对泄压结构212的破裂位置进行设置。而且,通过改变厚度的方式来减弱结构的强度形成第一薄弱部2121,要比通过改变材料的方式来减弱结构的强度形成第一薄弱部2121易于操作,有利于降低第一薄弱部2121的加工成本。
在本申请的一些实施例中,转轴部2122的厚度处于第一薄弱部2121的厚度和泄压结构212其余部分的厚度之间。
也就是说,转轴部2122的厚度H2、第一薄弱部2121的厚度H1和泄压结构212其余部分的厚度H3之间存在如下关系:H1<H2<H3。通过将转轴部2122的厚度设置为小于泄压结构212其余部分的厚度,使得转轴部2122的强度小于泄压结构212其余部分的强度,使得闭合轮廓所围成的泄压结构212在以转轴部2122为轴翻转时容易翻转。在一些实施例中,还可以将转轴部2122的厚度H2和第一薄弱部2121的厚度H1设置为相等,H1=H2,由于第一薄弱部2121设置为弧形且相比于转轴部2122更靠近电极端子21a,在电池单体的内部压力的作用下,闭合轮廓所围成的泄压结构212仍是在第一薄弱部2121破裂并以转轴部2122为轴翻转。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图4和图5所示,泄压结构212还设有两个第二薄弱部2123,两个第二薄弱部2123分别设置于第一薄弱部2121的两端,两个第二薄弱部2123均连接于第一薄弱部2121和转轴部2122之间,第二薄弱部2123、转轴部2122和第一薄弱部2121连成闭合轮廓。
第二薄弱部2123为泄压结构212中强度较低的区域,第二薄弱部2123的强度低于端盖21上其他部分的强度。具体地,第二薄弱部2123和第一薄弱部2121采用相同的厚度,使得第二薄弱部2123和第一薄弱部2121具有相同的强度,第二薄弱部2123能够同第一薄弱部2121同时破裂。
通过设置第二薄弱部2123,使第二薄弱部2123连接于第一薄弱部2121和转轴部2122之间,围成闭合轮廓,第二薄弱部2123和第一薄弱部2121、转轴部2122共同形成泄压结构212中翻转的部分。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图7所示,转轴部2122设有第一槽,第一槽开设于泄压结构212靠近电池单体内部的一侧。
第一槽是指在转轴部2122上通过机械加工去除材料的方法形成的沟槽,降低了此处的强度,使得闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构212能够较为容易地在此处翻转。
“靠近电池单体内部的一侧”是指泄压结构212靠近电池单体中的电芯组件23的一侧。
由于闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构212在翻转时,是以转轴部2122为轴从靠近电池单体内部的一侧向外翻转的,第一槽开设于泄压结构212靠近电池单体内部的一侧,能够为闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构212的翻转打开缺口,进一步降低闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构212翻转的难度。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图7所示,第一薄弱部2121设有第二槽,第二槽开设于泄压结构212远离电池单体内部的一侧。
第二槽是指在第一薄弱部2121上通过机械加工去除材料的方法形成的沟槽,降低了此处的强度,使得闭合轮廓围成的泄压结构212能够较为容易地在此处破裂。在一些实施例中,第二薄弱部2123通过设置第三槽形成,第三槽也是开设于泄压结构212远离电池单体内部的一侧并与第二槽连接,其结构参数及尺寸均与第二槽相同。
“远离电池单体内部的一侧”是指泄压结构212远离电池单体中的电芯组件23 的一侧。
由于电池单体的内部压力是直接作用于泄压结构212靠近电池单体内部的一侧的,第二槽开设于泄压结构212远离电池单体内部的一侧使得第一薄弱部2121残留材料更容易被电池单体的内部压力作用,有利于使第一薄弱部2121更容易破裂。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图7所示,第一槽和第二槽均配置为V形槽。
其中,V形槽是指截面形状呈V字形的沟槽。在一些实施例中,第一槽和第二槽还可以配置为其他形状的沟槽,例如,U形槽、方形槽等。本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况对沟槽的形状进行选择,沟槽只要能够起到去除材料,降低所处部位的强度即可。
V形槽的槽底由于为尖锐形状,其具有向下开裂的应力,减轻所处部位强度的作用较为显著,能够有效地降低转轴部2122和第一薄弱部2121的强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图4所示,通孔211设有两个,泄压结构212关于两个通孔211中心连线的中垂线对称设置。
两个通孔211是为了分别安装极性相反的两个电极端子21a,使得电池单体的极性相反的两个电极端子21a均能够从端盖21伸出电池单体外,以向外输出电能。
“两个通孔211中心连线的中垂线”是指以两个通孔211的中心为端点形成一条线段,这个线段的中垂线。在一些实施例中,通孔211配置为圆形孔,能够与作为电极端子21a的极柱配合安装。可以理解的是,通孔211还可以配置为方形孔、多边形孔或异形孔,只要能够与作为电极端子21a配合安装即可,本领域技术人员可根据实际情况进行选择。
通过使泄压结构212对称设置,不仅便于泄压结构212在端盖21上定位,还便于泄压结构212的加工成形。
在本申请的一些实施例中,中垂线经过端盖21的中心。
在一些实施例中,端盖21的截面形状设置为圆形,端盖21的中心即为圆形的圆心。在一些实施例中,端盖21的截面形状还可以设置为方形等其他形状,本领域技术人员可根据实际情况进行选择,只要端盖21能够满足密封盖设于电池单体的一端即可。
中垂线经过端盖21的中心能够便于确定通孔211的位置,便于通孔211在端盖21上的加工制造。
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一薄弱部2121对应的圆心角小于或等于180°。
第一薄弱部2121对应的圆心角是指整个第一薄弱部2121所在的扇形区域所对应的圆心角。
第一薄弱部2121对应的圆心角小于或等于180°能够保证第一薄弱部2121位于两个通孔211的同一侧,能够避免因第一薄弱部2121过大或其他原因跨过两个通孔211的中心连线设置,有利于确定第一薄弱部2121的布置位置。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图5所示,端盖21设有凹部213,泄压结构212设置于凹部213的底部。
凹部213设置于端盖21远离电池单体内部的一侧上,通过在端盖21上形成凹 陷区域来形成。凹部213既可以通过在端盖21上采用车削、铣削、刨削、磨削等去除材料的加工方法形成,也可以在端盖21加工成形时,采用冲压、铸造、辊压等加工方法同端盖21一体成型,本领域技术人员可根据实际情况进行选择。
凹部213的底部为凹部213中沿端盖21的厚度方向最深的平面。
凹部213的设置能够减小此处的厚度,泄压结构212设置于凹部213的底部,使得泄压结构212所在区域的厚度较小,易于破裂,有助于实现泄压机构排气泄压的作用。
在本申请的一些实施例中,如图7所示,凹部213包括凹陷台阶2131,凹陷台阶2131沿凹部213的侧壁布置。
凹陷台阶2131是指设置凹部213的侧壁上的台阶,使得凹部213呈台阶状阶梯凹陷。在一些实施例中,凹陷台阶2131侧壁的壁面与凹部213底部的平面呈钝角设置,也就是说,凹陷台阶2131的侧壁上设有斜坡,使凹部213呈敞口向外的喇叭状,便于在凹部213的底部加工泄压结构212。在一些实施例中,凹陷台阶2131可以设有一级、两级或者多级,便于凹部213的加工成形。
凹陷台阶2131能够避免因凹部213的凹陷深度过大难以加工,有利于提高凹部213的加工便利性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,本申请还提供了一种端盖组件,该端盖组件包括以上任一方案所提供的端盖21和电极端子21a,电极端子21a穿设于通孔211中。
由于该端盖组件包括上述技术方案所提供的端盖21,该端盖组件能够降低泄压机构与电极端子21a发生接触的可能,有利于提高电池100的安全性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中,本申请还提供了一种电池单体,该电池单体包括上述技术方案所提供的端盖组件和壳体22,壳体22的一端设有开口,端盖组件盖设于开口。
壳体22的一端开设的开口用于将电池单体的电芯组件23装入壳体22中。端盖组件盖设于开口是指端盖组件连接于开口处,将壳体22的内部与外界分隔开。在一些实施例中,端盖组件密封连接于开口,能够防止壳体22内部的物质发生泄漏。
在本申请的一些实施例中,本申请还提供了一种电池100,该电池100包括以上方案所提供的电池单体。
在本申请的一些实施例中,本申请还提供了一种用电装置,包括以上任一方案所提供的电池100,并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例,如图4和图5所示,本申请提供了一种电池单体的端盖21,包括泄压结构212和两个通孔211,端盖21设有凹部213,如图7所示,凹部213的侧壁上设置有一级凹陷台阶2131,泄压结构212设置于凹部213的底面上,泄压结构212设有由第一薄弱部2121、两个第二薄弱部2123和转轴部2122形成的闭合轮廓,第一薄弱部2121配置为弧形,且第一薄弱部2121的曲率中心位于第一薄弱部2121远离通孔211的一侧,使得电池单体的内部压力达到阈值第一薄弱部2121裂开时,闭合轮廓中的泄压结构212以转轴部2122为轴朝背离通孔211的一侧翻折,并 泄放电池单体的内部压力。其中,第一薄弱部2121中的第二槽和第二薄弱部2123中的第三槽开设于泄压结构212远离电池单体内部的一侧,转轴部2122中的第一槽开设于泄压结构212靠近电池单体内部的一侧。第一薄弱部2121的厚度小于或等于转轴部2122的厚度,使得闭合轮廓中的泄压结构212沿第一薄弱部2121破裂并以转轴部2122为轴朝背离通孔211的一侧翻折。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述,但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下,可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是,只要不存在结构冲突,各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例,而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电池单体的端盖,包括:
    通孔,用于安装电池单体的电极端子;
    泄压结构,设有第一薄弱部,所述第一薄弱部配置为弧形,所述第一薄弱部的曲率中心位于所述第一薄弱部远离所述通孔的一侧,所述泄压结构被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时沿所述第一薄弱部裂开,以使所述泄压结构的至少部分朝背离所述通孔的一侧翻折并泄放所述内部压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖,其中,所述第一薄弱部的厚度小于所述端盖其余部分的厚度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖,其中,所述泄压结构还设有转轴部,所述转轴部位于所述第一薄弱部远离所述通孔的一侧至少部分所述泄压结构能够以所述转轴部为轴翻折。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖,其中,所述转轴部的厚度处于所述第一薄弱部的厚度和所述泄压结构其余部分的厚度之间。
  5. 根据权利要求3-4任一项所述的端盖,其中,所述泄压结构还设有两个第二薄弱部,两个所述第二薄弱部分别设置于所述第一薄弱部的两端,两个所述第二薄弱部均连接于所述第一薄弱部和所述转轴部之间,所述第二薄弱部、所述转轴部和所述第一薄弱部连成闭合轮廓。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的端盖,其中,所述转轴部设有第一槽,所述第一槽开设于所述泄压结构靠近所述电池单体内部的一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖,其中,所述第一薄弱部设有第二槽,所述第二槽开设于所述泄压结构远离所述电池单体内部的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的端盖,其中,所述第一槽和所述第二槽均配置为V形槽。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的端盖,其中,所述通孔设有两个,所述泄压结构关于两个所述通孔中心连线的中垂线对称设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的端盖,其中,所述中垂线经过所述端盖的中心。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的端盖,其中,所述第一薄弱部对应的圆心角小于或等于180°。
  12. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的端盖,其中,所述端盖设有凹部,所述泄压结构设置于所述凹部的底部。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的端盖,其中,所述凹部包括凹陷台阶,所述凹陷台阶沿所述凹部的侧壁布置。
  14. 一种端盖组件,包括:
    如权利要求1-13任一项所述的端盖;
    电极端子,所述电极端子穿设于所述通孔中。
  15. 一种电池单体,包括:
    如权利要求14所述的端盖组件;
    壳体,所述壳体的一端设有开口,所述端盖组件盖设于所述开口。
  16. 一种电池,包括如权利要求15所述的电池单体。
  17. 一种用电装置,包括如权利要求16所述的电池,所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/078676 2022-03-04 2023-02-28 电池单体的端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023165462A1 (zh)

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CN1776936A (zh) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-24 日立麦克赛尔株式会社 密闭方形电池
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