WO2023160248A1 - Appareil de revêtement au laser assisté par impact in situ par laser pulsé et procédé d'utilisation - Google Patents

Appareil de revêtement au laser assisté par impact in situ par laser pulsé et procédé d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023160248A1
WO2023160248A1 PCT/CN2023/070035 CN2023070035W WO2023160248A1 WO 2023160248 A1 WO2023160248 A1 WO 2023160248A1 CN 2023070035 W CN2023070035 W CN 2023070035W WO 2023160248 A1 WO2023160248 A1 WO 2023160248A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
reflector
pulsed laser
pulse
pulsed
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PCT/CN2023/070035
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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杨海峰
时明天
朱聪聪
刘昊
郝敬宾
刘新华
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中国矿业大学
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Publication of WO2023160248A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160248A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular relates to a pulse laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device and a use method.
  • Laser cladding is a surface modification technology, also known as laser cladding or laser cladding.
  • Laser cladding technology uses a laser beam with a certain power density and scanning speed to act on the functional material that is fed synchronously or prefabricated on the surface of the substrate. Bonded cladding.
  • Laser cladding can significantly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical properties of the substrate surface, so as to achieve the purpose of surface modification or repair, which not only meets the requirements for the specific performance of the material surface, It saves a lot of precious elements and is widely used in rail transit, construction machinery and other fields.
  • the duration of the pressure wave generated by the pulsed laser is several hundred nanoseconds, and the peak pressure can reach 100MPa. Coating with increased microhardness.
  • the current processing method is to fix the main laser head and pulse laser lens, and to achieve impact on different areas of the cladding layer by fine-tuning the deflection range of the pulse laser.
  • the pressure wave acts on the area behind the molten pool generated by the continuous laser 4, and the coating with better performance can be obtained by impacting the molten pool or the hot hard zone.
  • the processing method shown in Figure 1 keeping the continuous laser 4 and the pulsed laser 1 in the same posture, is only suitable for the continuous laser 4 and the pulsed laser 1 to move in a straight line to the right at the same time, so that the pulsed laser 1 can act on the molten pool In the rear area, as shown in the track a in Figure 2, when the continuous laser and the pulsed laser are fixedly connected, any horizontal movement to the right, such as the tracks shown in b and c in Figure 2, cannot The pulsed laser 1 acts on the back of the molten pool, and the processing action of the pulsed laser 1 following the continuous laser 4 under complex trajectories cannot be realized, and the coating with refined grains and improved microhardness under complex trajectories cannot be obtained.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pulsed laser in-situ shock assisted laser cladding device and its use method to solve the technical problem that the pulsed laser cannot follow the processing action of the continuous laser and always act on the rear of the molten pool under complex trajectory.
  • a pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device including an electronic computer, the electronic computer controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulsed laser dimming module;
  • the laser cladding manufacturing module includes a continuous laser and a moving frame, and the continuous laser passes through a
  • the continuous laser fiber is connected with a laser head, and the laser head is vertically fixed on the mobile frame.
  • the laser head is equipped with a water cooling device, a protective gas conveying device, and a metal powder conveying device.
  • the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse laser And the dimming frame, the outer wall of the dimming frame is provided with an optical fiber inlet, the pulse laser is connected to the optical fiber inlet through a pulsed laser fiber, the optical fiber inlet is equipped with a reciprocating and rotating first reflector, the first reflector The first oscillating mirror and the second reflecting mirror are respectively arranged on both sides, and the second oscillating mirror is provided with a second oscillating mirror on the other side where the first oscillating mirror is located.
  • the rotation of the mirror is controlled by a motor.
  • the first vibrating mirror and the second vibrating mirror are respectively located at both ends of the inner cavity of the box.
  • the dimming frame is a V-shaped structure, which occupies a small space.
  • the characteristics of the reflector and vibrating mirror are arranged inside the dimming rack, which saves industrial space and makes the structure of the device more compact.
  • the vertical arrangement of the first reflector and the second reflector further optimizes the layout inside the dimming rack, and is more conducive to controlling the direction of the laser light inside the dimming rack.
  • the light adjusting frame can move up and down on the moving pair, and the light adjusting frame moves up and down on the Z axis to make the focal plane of the pulsed laser It is applied on the substrate surface simultaneously with the focal plane of the desired continuous laser light as needed.
  • a collimation system is provided between the pulsed laser fiber and the fiber inlet.
  • the key is to make the parallel beam of the pulsed laser enter the dimming rack with high stability and no drift , can be distributed with a stable center.
  • a CCD camera is arranged above the workbench to capture the laser light more accurately, so as to facilitate the control of equipment and work progress.
  • a method for using a pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device comprising the above-mentioned pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device, the specific steps are:
  • start processing take the point where the continuous laser acts on the pulse laser as the origin, establish a coordinate system, connect the position where the pulse laser acts on to the origin, and form a ray that starts from the origin and passes through the position where the pulse laser acts.
  • the angle ⁇ formed in the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is within 0° ⁇ 180°, enter step IV; when the angle ⁇ is within 180° ⁇ 360°, enter step V;
  • the included angle ⁇ is located at 0° ⁇ 180°, the position of the pulsed laser is at the origin, that is, the right side of the continuous laser.
  • the rotating motor has been deflected, rotate 90° counterclockwise to reset the rotating motor
  • the state makes the first reflector parallel to the second reflector, and the incident pulse laser introduced by the pulsed laser fiber hits the second reflector through the first reflector, and is reflected by the second reflector to form a laser beam that enters the second galvanometer.
  • Laser at this time, the pulse laser is driven to the designated position by the second vibrating mirror;
  • V when the included angle ⁇ is at 180° ⁇ 360°, the position where the pulsed laser acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser.
  • the rotating motor if the rotating motor is in the reset state, control the rotating motor to rotate 90°
  • the first reflector is adjusted from being parallel to the second reflector to being perpendicular to the second reflector.
  • the incident pulsed laser light introduced by the pulsed laser fiber forms the laser beam that enters the first oscillating mirror through the first reflector, and is controlled by the first reflector.
  • the vibrating mirror hits the pulse laser to the designated position.
  • the adjustment time of the rotating motor is within the working interval of the pulsed laser.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the position of the auxiliary pulse laser light output can be flexibly controlled, which can adapt to complex paths, and the shock wave generated by the auxiliary pulse laser can act on the rear area of the molten pool generated by the continuous laser, and grain refinement can be obtained
  • the coating realizes pulse laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding under complex trajectory, and at the same time improves the processing efficiency of pulse laser in-situ-assisted laser cladding, which is highly automated and easy to operate and adjust.
  • the present invention can change the solidification behavior of the molten pool formed by the continuous laser through the introduction of the pulsed laser, and can achieve the purpose of precise regulation of the molten pool.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of continuous laser and pulsed laser maintaining the same position
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the continuous laser and the pulsed laser to maintain the same posture processing trajectory, a is the horizontal linear motion to the right, b is the horizontal linear motion to the left, and c is the horizontal backward linear motion;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state at A-A of the dimming rack in Fig. 3 when the included angle ⁇ is 0° ⁇ 180°;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state at A-A of the dimming rack in Fig. 3 when the included angle ⁇ is 180° ⁇ 360°;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the processing trajectory.
  • a pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device including a computer 16, which can be a computer or an industrial computer, and the computer 16 controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulse Laser dimming module;
  • the laser cladding manufacturing module includes a continuous laser 15 and a moving frame 9, the continuous laser 15 is connected with a laser head 10 through a continuous laser fiber 12, and the laser head 10 is vertically fixed on the moving frame 9 to realize the movement of the path ,
  • the laser head 10 is equipped with a water cooling device 6, a protective gas delivery device 7 and a metal powder delivery device 8, and the metal powder and the protective gas are transported to the laser head 10 through coaxial or side-axis mode and then transported to the substrate after interacting with the laser 22 surface
  • the metal powder can be selected as copper-based material or iron-based material or cobalt-based material or nickel-based material or aluminum-based material or intermetallic compound-based material
  • the protective gas is an inert gas
  • a workbench 2 is provided under the laser head 10; the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse laser 14 and a dimming frame 5.
  • the outer wall of the dimming frame 5 is provided with an optical fiber inlet 51, and the pulse laser 14
  • the optical fiber inlet 51 is equipped with a reciprocatingly rotatable first reflector 19 in the front direction when the pulsed laser 1 enters the dimming frame 5, and the first reflector 19
  • the first oscillating mirror 17 and the second reflecting mirror 20 are respectively provided on both sides, and the second oscillating mirror 20 is provided with a second oscillating mirror 21 on the other side where the first oscillating mirror 17 is located.
  • Pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding while improving the processing efficiency of pulse laser in-situ-assisted laser cladding, is highly automated and easy to operate and adjust.
  • the continuous laser 15 and the pulse laser 14 are connected with the electronic computer 16, and the drawing of the processing curve is realized by software, such as EACAD2 laser marking machine software, and according to the parameters of the pulse laser 1, the interval time ⁇ t between the pulse laser 1 and the continuous laser 4 and the processing The curve determines where the pulsed laser light 1 acts.
  • the invention improves the brittleness of the material through continuous laser 4 heating, so that the temperature of the material rises rapidly, is easy to control, and has high thermal efficiency.
  • the introduction of the pulsed laser can change the solidification behavior of the molten pool formed by the continuous laser, and can achieve the purpose of precise regulation of the molten pool .
  • FIG. 3 the coordinate system described in this application takes FIG. 3 as an example.
  • the front is the positive direction of the X-axis
  • the right is the positive direction of the Y-axis
  • the top is the positive direction of the Z-axis.
  • the dimming frame 5 is a V-shaped box body, and the first reflector 19 and the second reflector 20 are arranged vertically, which further optimizes the internal layout of the dimming frame 5 and is more conducive to the adjustment of the dimming machine.
  • the second reflector 20 is fixed at the corner of the inner cavity of the box, the first reflector 19 is controlled to rotate by a rotating motor 18, the first vibrating mirror 17 and the second vibrating mirror 21 They are respectively located at both ends of the inner cavity of the box.
  • the dimming frame 5 is a V-shaped structure, which occupies a small space.
  • the box body of the folded line structure is conducive to the characteristics of straight-line propagation of the laser.
  • the reflector and the vibrating mirror are arranged inside the dimming frame 5.
  • the structure of the device is more compact.
  • the moving pair is a sliding rail mechanism
  • the dimming frame 5 can move up and down according to the sliding rail mechanism, through the dimming frame 5 in the Z axis Move up and down so that the focal plane of the pulsed laser 1 and the required continuous laser 4 are simultaneously applied to the surface of the substrate 22 as required.
  • a CCD camera 11 is arranged above the workbench 2 to capture the laser light more accurately, so as to facilitate the control of equipment and work progress.
  • a vertically moving pair is provided between the dimming frame 5 and the laser head 10.
  • the moving pair is a screw guide rail structure, and the dimming frame 5 can move up and down on the screw guide rail structure 5.
  • the optical frame 5 moves up and down on the Z axis, so that the focal plane of the pulsed laser 1 and the required continuous laser 4 are simultaneously applied to the surface of the substrate as required.
  • a collimation system 3 is arranged between the pulsed laser fiber 13 and the fiber inlet 51. In order to improve the collimation accuracy of the pulsed laser 1, the key is to make the parallel beam of the pulsed laser 1 enter the dimming frame 5 with high stability, There can be no drift, and the distribution can have a stable center.
  • the method of using pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding under complex trajectory based on the above system includes the following steps:
  • Start processing take the point where the continuous laser 4 acts on the pulse laser 1 as the origin, define the coordinate system, and set the position where the pulse laser 1 acts Connect with the origin to form a ray starting from the origin and passing through the action position of pulse laser 1. If the angle ⁇ formed between the ray and the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is 0° ⁇ 180°, enter step IV. Enter step V when the angle is 180° ⁇ 360°;
  • the pulse laser starts to emit light after the continuous laser 4 emits light for a period of ⁇ t.
  • the position point where the pulsed laser 1 acts on the surface of the substrate 22 is Still starting from the starting point of the processing curve, it lags behind the point L(t) at which the continuous laser 4 acts.
  • V as shown in Figure 5, when the included angle is 180° ⁇ 360°, the position where the pulse laser 1 acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser.
  • the electronic computer 16 displays that the rotating motor 18 is in the reset state , then the rotating motor 18 is controlled to rotate 90° clockwise so that the first reflector 19 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the second reflector 20 by being parallel to the second reflector 20, and the incident pulsed laser 131 introduced by the pulsed laser fiber 13 passes through the first reflection
  • the mirror 19 forms a laser beam 171 that is incident on the first vibrating mirror, and the first vibrating mirror 17 sends the pulsed laser light 1 to a designated position on the worktable 22 .
  • the adjustment time of the rotary motor 18 should be within the interval of the pulse laser 1, not more than 0.1 second, and the pulse action time is only a few hundred nanoseconds, so it should be adjusted within 0.1 second to avoid damage to the equipment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de revêtement au laser assisté par impact in situ par laser pulsé et un procédé d'utilisation. L'appareil comprend un ordinateur électronique, l'ordinateur électronique commandant un module de fabrication de revêtement au laser et un module de gradation de laser pulsé. Le module de gradation de laser pulsé comprend un laser pulsé et une armature de gradation ; un port d'accès par fibre optique est installé sur la paroi extérieure de l'armature de gradation, le laser pulsé est connecté au port d'accès par fibre optique au moyen d'une fibre optique à laser pulsé installée, le port d'accès par fibre optique est équipé d'un premier réflecteur pouvant assurer une rotation en va-et-vient, un premier galvanomètre, et un deuxième réflecteur sont respectivement installés de part et d'autre du premier réflecteur, et un deuxième galvanomètre est installé de l'autre côté, où le premier galvanomètre est situé, du deuxième réflecteur. Grâce à l'armature de gradation, le problème technique selon lequel lors d'une trajectoire complexe, un laser pulsé ne peut pas suivre une action d'usinage de laser continu pour agir constamment sur l'arrière d'un bain en fusion, est résolu.
PCT/CN2023/070035 2022-02-28 2023-01-03 Appareil de revêtement au laser assisté par impact in situ par laser pulsé et procédé d'utilisation WO2023160248A1 (fr)

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