WO2023159981A1 - Circularly polarized cavity antenna having improved directivity - Google Patents

Circularly polarized cavity antenna having improved directivity Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159981A1
WO2023159981A1 PCT/CN2022/126316 CN2022126316W WO2023159981A1 WO 2023159981 A1 WO2023159981 A1 WO 2023159981A1 CN 2022126316 W CN2022126316 W CN 2022126316W WO 2023159981 A1 WO2023159981 A1 WO 2023159981A1
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Prior art keywords
circularly polarized
dielectric substrate
antenna
cavity
power divider
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PCT/CN2022/126316
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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李芊芊
章海锋
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南京邮电大学
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Publication of WO2023159981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159981A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0241—Waveguide horns radiating a circularly polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, which belongs to the technical field of electronic communication.
  • antennas play a pivotal role in communication systems.
  • the antenna is a converter between radio waves in free space and guided waves on transmission lines, which can complete the mutual conversion between the two.
  • antennas are widely used in mobile communication, radar, navigation and other fields, and have become an indispensable condition for long-distance transmission of information.
  • microstrip antennas Compared with traditional microwave antennas, microstrip antennas have the advantages of small size, light weight, and low profile, so they are more widely used.
  • another notable feature of the microstrip antenna is that it is easy to realize circular polarization. If a linearly polarized antenna is used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in satellite communications, the Faraday rotation effect will occur when the waves pass through the ionosphere, and the anti-interference performance is poor, so the signal will appear polarization mismatch and affect the communication quality.
  • circularly polarized antennas there will be no such problem with circularly polarized antennas, because circularly polarized antennas can receive any linearly polarized waves.
  • circularly polarized antennas When circularly polarized antennas are used as transmitting antennas, they can also be received with linearly polarized antennas. No polarization mismatch is created during this process. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas are widely used in the military field. In mobile communication, global positioning system, satellite communication and other fields.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, which can widen the bandwidth of the antenna, improve the directivity and increase the gain in the working frequency band.
  • a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity comprising an external cavity, a polarization selective absorber is arranged on the external cavity, a double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged in the external cavity, the
  • the double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate and a lower layer dielectric substrate arranged up and down, and a phase-shifting feed network is provided on the lower layer dielectric substrate, and the phase-shift feed network is fed to the upper layer through metal probes.
  • a dielectric substrate, the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch.
  • the external cavity has a square structure, and four polarization-selective absorbers are arranged on each side of the external cavity.
  • the front of the polarization selective absorber includes T-shaped metal and rotating branches arranged up and down, and the back of the polarization selective absorber is provided with metal irregular grooves, and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular grooves and truncated corners Square ring groove composition.
  • the material of the external cavity is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
  • the number of said radiating patches is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure, which is obtained by cutting out a circular patch from a circular radiating patch.
  • Both the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are made of F4B, both have a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.003.
  • the phase-shifted feed network includes a first Wilkinson power divider, and the first Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a 180° phase shifter and a third Wilkinson power divider, and the 180° phase shifter
  • the phaser is connected with a second Wilkinson power divider, and the second Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a first 90° phase shifter and a microstrip line, and the third Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with
  • There is a second 90° phase shifter and a microstrip line, and the input ports of the first Wilkinson power splitter, the second Wilkinson power splitter and the third Wilkinson power splitter are connected to two lengths of A microstrip line of ⁇ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between two sections of the microstrip line.
  • the 180° phase shifter includes three branches, wherein the first branch is a microstrip line with a length of ⁇ g /2, and the second branch is a microstrip line with two short-circuited electrical lengths of ⁇ g /8
  • the third branch is composed of two open-circuit microstrip lines with an electrical length of ⁇ g /8, where ⁇ g represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5 GHz.
  • the phase-shifting feed network is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feed network is provided with four vertical dielectric substrates perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate, and the four vertical dielectric substrates are respectively provided with ports 1 The first 90° phase shifter and the second 90° phase shifter for port 3 and the microstrip lines for port 2 and port 4.
  • the circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity provided by the present invention breaks through the design ideas of traditional circularly polarized antennas.
  • the external cavity with polarization function can widen the bandwidth of the antenna, improve the directivity and increase the gain in the working frequency band; the present invention greatly reduces the gap between the feeding network and the radiation patch by using a three-dimensional phase-shifting feeding network.
  • the coupling; the present invention has the characteristics of novel design, low cost and wide application range.
  • Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an internal double-layer antenna in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the microstrip line on the dielectric substrate in the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of phase-shift feed network among the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of polarization selective absorber among the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of left and right rotation absorption curves of a polarization selective absorber in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of 3dB angular bandwidth at 5 GHz between adding a cavity with a polarization-selective absorber and adding a metal cavity in the present invention: (a) 0°, (b) 90°;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio curve in the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the gain curve in the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the pattern at 5GHz in the present invention: (a) 0°, (b) 90°.
  • the reference signs in the figure are as follows: 1-radiation patch; 2-lower dielectric substrate; 3-external cavity; 4-upper dielectric substrate; 5-selective polarization absorber; 6-phase-shifting feed network; 7- Vertical dielectric substrate; 8-first Wilkinson power divider; 9-first 90° phase shifter; 10-180° phase shifter; 11-metal probe; 12-resistor; 13-second Will Kingson power divider; 14-the third Wilkinson power divider; 15-the second 90° phase shifter.
  • the present invention provides a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, including an external cavity 3, a polarization selective absorber 5 is arranged on the external cavity 3, and the external cavity 3
  • a double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged inside.
  • the double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate 4 and a lower layer dielectric substrate 2 arranged up and down.
  • the network 6 is fed to the upper dielectric substrate 4 through the metal probe 11 , and the radiation patch 1 is arranged on the upper dielectric substrate 4 .
  • the antenna of the present invention is fed from the side of the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the input signal is sent to the metal probe 11 through the phase shift feeding network 6 to excite the four radiation patches 1 to radiate circularly polarized waves outward.
  • the external cavity 3 provided with the polarization-selective absorber 5 the cross-polarization can be absorbed in a wider frequency band to improve the directivity while increasing the gain.
  • the external cavity 3 is a square structure, the material is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
  • a groove with a length of 40 mm, a width of 40 mm and a height of 6 mm is dug at the bottom of the external cavity 3 , and four polarization selective absorbers 5 are arranged on each side of the external cavity 3 .
  • the front of the polarization selective absorber 5 is an asymmetric metal structure and three metal branches, including T-shaped metal and rotating branches arranged up and down, the number of rotating branches is 3, and the rotation angle is 30°.
  • the back of the polarization selective absorber 5 is provided with metal irregular grooves, and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular ring grooves and truncated square ring grooves.
  • Two resistors 12 are loaded between the metal irregular grooves, and the resistance value of the resistors 12 is 390 ⁇ , and the current path is changed by setting the resistors.
  • the number of radiation patches is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure.
  • the four crescent-shaped radiation patches 1 are symmetrically distributed on the upper dielectric substrate 4.
  • the radiation patch 1 is a circular radiation patch with a radius of 12mm.
  • the piece is obtained by cutting out a circular patch with a radius of 10mm.
  • Both the upper dielectric substrate 4 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of F4B, both have a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.003.
  • the phase-shifted feed network 6 includes a first Wilkinson power divider 8, the first Wilkinson power divider 8 is connected with a 180° phase shifter 10 and the third Wilkinson power divider is connected by a curved microstrip line 14.
  • the input signal is equally divided into two signals by the first Wilkinson power divider 8, and passes through the 180° phase shifter and the curved microstrip line respectively.
  • the 180° phase shifter 10 is connected with a second Wilkinson power divider 13, the second Wilkinson power divider 13 is respectively connected with the first 90° phase shifter 9 and the microstrip line, and the third Wilkinson power divider Device 14 is respectively connected with the second 90 ° phase shifter 15 and microstrip line, the input port of the first Wilkinson power divider 8, the second Wilkinson power divider 13 and the third Wilkinson power divider 14 Both are connected to two sections of microstrip lines with a length of ⁇ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between the two sections of microstrip lines.
  • the 180° phase shifter 10 includes three branches, wherein the first branch is a microstrip line with a length of ⁇ g /2, and the second branch is composed of two short-circuited microstrip lines with an electrical length of ⁇ g /8 , the third branch consists of two open-circuit microstrip lines with an electrical length of ⁇ g /8, where ⁇ g represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5 GHz.
  • the phase-shifting feed network 6 is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feed network 6 is provided with four vertical dielectric substrates 7 perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the first 90 of the port 1 is respectively arranged on the four vertical dielectric substrates 7. ° phase shifter 9 and the second 90° phase shifter 15 of port 3 and the microstrip lines of port 2 and port 4, and the four ports are connected to metal probes 11 respectively.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the left-handed absorption curve of the polarization selective absorber in the invention. It can be seen from the figure that the left-handed circular polarization absorption rate is the highest at around 4.8 GHz, which can reach 99%, while the right-handed circular polarization at this time The absorption rate is about 30%. Combining this polarization selective absorber with the antenna can improve the directivity of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 7 , the 3dB angular bandwidth of the antenna using the polarization-selective absorbing structure is improved by about 30° compared to the antenna using the metal cavity.
  • the central frequency of the antenna array provided by the present invention works at 5 GHz, the effective impedance bandwidth is 3.47-6.88 GHz, and the effective relative impedance bandwidth is 68.2%, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the effective axial ratio bandwidth is 3.52-7.19GHz, and the effective relative axial ratio bandwidth is 73.4%, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 3.52-6.88GHz, and the effective relative bandwidth is 67.2%.
  • the maximum gain can reach 15.56dBi, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the directional pattern of the array of the present invention at 5 GHz is shown in FIG. 11 , and it can be seen that the directional pattern has better symmetry.
  • the antenna array provided by the present invention breaks through the design ideas of the traditional circularly polarized antenna, and combines a double-layered circularly polarized antenna array with a polarization selective absorber.
  • the invention realizes ultra-wide bandwidth by combining phase-shifting feed network with Wilkinson power divider and phase shifter. And the directivity is improved while obtaining high gain through the cavity provided with the polarization selective absorber.
  • the antenna also has the characteristics of novel design, easy-to-obtain material, low cost, wide application range and the like.

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a circularly polarized cavity antenna having improved directivity. The circularly polarized cavity antenna comprises an external cavity (3), wherein polarization selective absorbers (5) are provided on the external cavity (3); a double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is provided inside the external cavity (3), and comprises an upper dielectric substrate (4) and a lower dielectric substrate (2), which are arranged one above the other; the lower dielectric substrate (2) is provided thereon with a phase-shift feed network (6), which feeds power to the upper dielectric substrate (4) by means of metal probes (11); and the upper dielectric substrate (4) is provided thereon with radiation patches (1). According to the circularly polarized cavity antenna having improved directivity that is provided in the present invention, the bandwidth of an antenna can be widened, the directivity can be improved, and the gain in an operating frequency range can be increased.

Description

一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线A Circularly Polarized Cavity Antenna with Improved Directivity 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，属于电子通信技术领域。The invention relates to a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, which belongs to the technical field of electronic communication.
背景技术Background technique
随着人类社会的发展，人们对通信质量的要求也越来越高。天线作为发射和接收电磁波的设备，在通信系统中起着举足轻重的作用。天线是一种自由空间中的无线电波与传输线上的导行波之间的转换器，可以完成这二者之间的相互转换。如今，天线在移动通信、雷达、导航等领域都有广泛应用，已经成为远距离传递信息必不可少的条件。With the development of human society, people's requirements for communication quality are getting higher and higher. As a device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, antennas play a pivotal role in communication systems. The antenna is a converter between radio waves in free space and guided waves on transmission lines, which can complete the mutual conversion between the two. Nowadays, antennas are widely used in mobile communication, radar, navigation and other fields, and have become an indispensable condition for long-distance transmission of information.
相对于传统的微波天线，微带天线具有体积小、重量轻、低剖面的优点，从而得到更广泛的应用。除此之外，微带天线还有一个显著的特点，就是容易实现圆极化。如果在卫星通信中使用线极化天线对电磁波进行发射或接收，波在穿过电离层时会发生法拉第旋转效应，抗干扰性差，从而信号会出现极化失配而影响通信质量。而采用圆极化天线则不会存在这样的问题，因为圆极化天线可以接收任意的线极化波，当圆极化天线作为发射天线的时候，也同样可以用线极化天线来接收，在此过程中不会产生极化失配。因此圆极化天线被广泛应用于军事领域。在移动通信、全球定位系统、卫星通信等领域中。Compared with traditional microwave antennas, microstrip antennas have the advantages of small size, light weight, and low profile, so they are more widely used. In addition, another notable feature of the microstrip antenna is that it is easy to realize circular polarization. If a linearly polarized antenna is used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in satellite communications, the Faraday rotation effect will occur when the waves pass through the ionosphere, and the anti-interference performance is poor, so the signal will appear polarization mismatch and affect the communication quality. However, there will be no such problem with circularly polarized antennas, because circularly polarized antennas can receive any linearly polarized waves. When circularly polarized antennas are used as transmitting antennas, they can also be received with linearly polarized antennas. No polarization mismatch is created during this process. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas are widely used in the military field. In mobile communication, global positioning system, satellite communication and other fields.
随着时代的发展，现代无线通信技术对天线带宽、增益、方向性等性能有了更高要求，而传统的微带天线阵列仅能实现狭义的带宽扩展，不能实现方向性的改善。With the development of the times, modern wireless communication technology has higher requirements for antenna bandwidth, gain, and directivity. However, traditional microstrip antenna arrays can only achieve narrow bandwidth expansion and cannot achieve directivity improvement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，能够拓宽天线的带宽、实现方向性的改善以及提升工作频段内增益。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, which can widen the bandwidth of the antenna, improve the directivity and increase the gain in the working frequency band.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，包括外部腔体，所述外部腔体上设置有极化选择性吸收器，所述外部腔体内设置有双层圆极化天线阵列，所述双层圆极化天线阵列包括上下设置的上层介质基板和下层介质基板，所述下层介质基板上设有移相馈电网络，所述移相馈电网络通过金属探针馈电至所述上层介质基板，所述上层介质基板上设置有辐射贴片。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, comprising an external cavity, a polarization selective absorber is arranged on the external cavity, a double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged in the external cavity, the The double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate and a lower layer dielectric substrate arranged up and down, and a phase-shifting feed network is provided on the lower layer dielectric substrate, and the phase-shift feed network is fed to the upper layer through metal probes. A dielectric substrate, the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch.
所述外部腔体为方形结构，所述外部腔体每个侧面设置有四个所述极化选择性吸收器。The external cavity has a square structure, and four polarization-selective absorbers are arranged on each side of the external cavity.
所述极化选择性吸收器正面包括上下设置的T型金属和旋转枝节，所述极化选择性吸收器背面设置有金属不规则槽，所述金属不规则槽由圆环槽和截角的方环槽组成。The front of the polarization selective absorber includes T-shaped metal and rotating branches arranged up and down, and the back of the polarization selective absorber is provided with metal irregular grooves, and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular grooves and truncated corners Square ring groove composition.
所述外部腔体的材质为FR4，厚度为6mm，相对介电常数为4.4，损耗角正切值为0.02。The material of the external cavity is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
所述金属不规则槽之间加载有两个电阻。Two resistors are loaded between the metal irregular grooves.
所述辐射贴片个数为4个，形状为月牙形结构，是由一个圆形辐射贴片裁剪去一个圆形贴片而得到。The number of said radiating patches is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure, which is obtained by cutting out a circular patch from a circular radiating patch.
所述上层介质基板和下层介质基板的材质均为F4B，厚度均为0.5mm，相对介电常数均为2.2，损耗角正切值均为0.003。Both the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are made of F4B, both have a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.003.
所述移相馈电网络包括第一威尔金森功分器，所述第一威尔金森功分器分别连接有180°移相器和第三威尔金森功分器，所述180°移相器连接有第二威尔金森功分器，所述第二威尔金森功分器分别连接有第一90°移相器和微带线，所述第三威尔金森功分器分别连接有第二90°移相器和微带线，所述第一威尔金森功分器、第二威尔金森功分器和第三威尔金森功分器的输入端口均连接两段长度为λ g/4的微带线，两段微带线之间加载有隔离电阻。 The phase-shifted feed network includes a first Wilkinson power divider, and the first Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a 180° phase shifter and a third Wilkinson power divider, and the 180° phase shifter The phaser is connected with a second Wilkinson power divider, and the second Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a first 90° phase shifter and a microstrip line, and the third Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with There is a second 90° phase shifter and a microstrip line, and the input ports of the first Wilkinson power splitter, the second Wilkinson power splitter and the third Wilkinson power splitter are connected to two lengths of A microstrip line of λ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between two sections of the microstrip line.
所述180°移相器包括三条支路，其中第一条支路为长度为λ g/2的 微带线，第二条支路由两条短路的电长度为λ g/8的微带线组成，第三条支路由两条开路的电长度为λ g/8的微带线组成，λ g表示输入信号在5GHz时的工作波长。 The 180° phase shifter includes three branches, wherein the first branch is a microstrip line with a length of λg /2, and the second branch is a microstrip line with two short-circuited electrical lengths of λg /8 The third branch is composed of two open-circuit microstrip lines with an electrical length of λ g /8, where λ g represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5 GHz.
所述移相馈电网络为立体结构，所述移相馈电网络设有四个垂直于所述下层介质基板的竖直介质基板，四个所述竖直介质基板上分别设置有端口1的第一90°移相器和端口3的第二90°移相器以及端口2和端口4的微带线。The phase-shifting feed network is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feed network is provided with four vertical dielectric substrates perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate, and the four vertical dielectric substrates are respectively provided with ports 1 The first 90° phase shifter and the second 90° phase shifter for port 3 and the microstrip lines for port 2 and port 4.
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，突破了传统圆极化天线的设计思路，在双层圆极化天线阵列结构之外设有具有抑制交叉极化功能的外部腔体，能够拓宽天线的带宽、实现方向性的改善以及提升工作频段内增益；本发明通过使用立体的移相馈电网络，大大减少了馈电网络与辐射贴片之间的耦合；本发明具有设计新颖、成本较低和应用范围广等特点。Beneficial effects of the present invention: The circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity provided by the present invention breaks through the design ideas of traditional circularly polarized antennas. The external cavity with polarization function can widen the bandwidth of the antenna, improve the directivity and increase the gain in the working frequency band; the present invention greatly reduces the gap between the feeding network and the radiation patch by using a three-dimensional phase-shifting feeding network. The coupling; the present invention has the characteristics of novel design, low cost and wide application range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线的三维结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity of the present invention;
图2是本发明中内部双层天线的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an internal double-layer antenna in the present invention;
图3是本发明中介质基板上微带线的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the microstrip line on the dielectric substrate in the present invention;
图4是本发明中移相馈电网络的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of phase-shift feed network among the present invention;
图5是本发明中极化选择性吸收器的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of polarization selective absorber among the present invention;
图6是本发明中极化选择性吸收器左右旋吸收曲线示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of left and right rotation absorption curves of a polarization selective absorber in the present invention;
图7是本发明中双层天线加入具有极化选择性吸收器的腔体与加入金属腔体在5GHz处的3dB角度带宽对比示意图：(a)0°，(b)90°；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of 3dB angular bandwidth at 5 GHz between adding a cavity with a polarization-selective absorber and adding a metal cavity in the present invention: (a) 0°, (b) 90°;
图8是本发明中|S 11|曲线示意图； Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of |S 11 | curve in the present invention;
图9是本发明中轴比曲线示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio curve in the present invention;
图10是本发明中增益曲线示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the gain curve in the present invention;
图11是本发明中5GHz处方向图的示意图：(a)0°，(b)90°。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the pattern at 5GHz in the present invention: (a) 0°, (b) 90°.
图中附图标记如下：1-辐射贴片；2-下层介质基板；3-外部腔体；4-上层介质基板；5-选择性极化吸收器；6-移相馈电网络；7-竖向介质基板；8-第一威尔金森功分器；9-第一90°移相器；10-180°移相器；11-金属探针；12-电阻；13-第二威尔金森功分器；14-第三威尔金森功分器；15-第二90°移相器。The reference signs in the figure are as follows: 1-radiation patch; 2-lower dielectric substrate; 3-external cavity; 4-upper dielectric substrate; 5-selective polarization absorber; 6-phase-shifting feed network; 7- Vertical dielectric substrate; 8-first Wilkinson power divider; 9-first 90° phase shifter; 10-180° phase shifter; 11-metal probe; 12-resistor; 13-second Will Kingson power divider; 14-the third Wilkinson power divider; 15-the second 90° phase shifter.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1到图5所示，本发明提供一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，包括外部腔体3，外部腔体3上设置有极化选择性吸收器5，外部腔体3内设置有双层圆极化天线阵列，双层圆极化天线阵列包括上下设置的上层介质基板4和下层介质基板2，下层介质基板2上设有移相馈电网络6，移相馈电网络6通过金属探针11馈电至上层介质基板4，上层介质基板4上设置有辐射贴片1。本发明的天线从下层介质基板2的侧面馈电，输入信号经移相馈电网络6至金属探针11，激励四个辐射贴片1向外辐射圆极化波。用设有极化选择性吸收器5的外部腔体3，在提升增益的同时还可以在较宽的频带范围内吸收交叉极化以改善方向性。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention provides a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, including an external cavity 3, a polarization selective absorber 5 is arranged on the external cavity 3, and the external cavity 3 A double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged inside. The double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate 4 and a lower layer dielectric substrate 2 arranged up and down. The network 6 is fed to the upper dielectric substrate 4 through the metal probe 11 , and the radiation patch 1 is arranged on the upper dielectric substrate 4 . The antenna of the present invention is fed from the side of the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the input signal is sent to the metal probe 11 through the phase shift feeding network 6 to excite the four radiation patches 1 to radiate circularly polarized waves outward. With the external cavity 3 provided with the polarization-selective absorber 5, the cross-polarization can be absorbed in a wider frequency band to improve the directivity while increasing the gain.
外部腔体3为方形结构，材质为FR4，厚度为6mm，相对介电常数为4.4，损耗角正切值为0.02。外部腔体3底部挖有一个长40mm、宽40mm、高6mm的槽，外部腔体3每个侧面设置有四个极化选择性吸收器5。The external cavity 3 is a square structure, the material is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02. A groove with a length of 40 mm, a width of 40 mm and a height of 6 mm is dug at the bottom of the external cavity 3 , and four polarization selective absorbers 5 are arranged on each side of the external cavity 3 .
极化选择性吸收器5正面为一个不对称的金属结构和三个金属枝节，包括上下设置的T型金属和旋转枝节，旋转枝节个数为3个，旋转角度为30°。极化选择性吸收器5背面设置有金属不规则槽，金属不规则槽由圆环槽和截角的方环槽组成。金属不规则槽之间加载有 两个电阻12，电阻12的阻值为390Ω，通过设置电阻以改变电流路径。The front of the polarization selective absorber 5 is an asymmetric metal structure and three metal branches, including T-shaped metal and rotating branches arranged up and down, the number of rotating branches is 3, and the rotation angle is 30°. The back of the polarization selective absorber 5 is provided with metal irregular grooves, and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular ring grooves and truncated square ring grooves. Two resistors 12 are loaded between the metal irregular grooves, and the resistance value of the resistors 12 is 390Ω, and the current path is changed by setting the resistors.
辐射贴片1个数为4个，形状为月牙形结构，四个月牙形辐射贴片1呈中心对称分布在上层介质基板4上，辐射贴片1是由一个半径为12mm的圆形辐射贴片裁剪去一个半径为10mm的圆形贴片而得到。The number of radiation patches is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure. The four crescent-shaped radiation patches 1 are symmetrically distributed on the upper dielectric substrate 4. The radiation patch 1 is a circular radiation patch with a radius of 12mm. The piece is obtained by cutting out a circular patch with a radius of 10mm.
上层介质基板4和下层介质基板2的材质均为F4B，厚度均为0.5mm，相对介电常数均为2.2，损耗角正切值均为0.003。Both the upper dielectric substrate 4 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of F4B, both have a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.003.
移相馈电网络6包括第一威尔金森功分器8，第一威尔金森功分器8连接有180°移相器10以及通过弯曲的微带线连接第三威尔金森功分器14，输入信号通过第一威尔金森功分器8等分成两路信号，分别通过180°移相器和弯曲的微带线。180°移相器10连接有第二威尔金森功分器13，第二威尔金森功分器13分别连接有第一90°移相器9和微带线，第三威尔金森功分器14分别连接有第二90°移相器15和微带线，第一威尔金森功分器8、第二威尔金森功分器13和第三威尔金森功分器14的输入端口均连接两段长度为λ g/4的微带线，两段微带线之间加载有隔离电阻。 The phase-shifted feed network 6 includes a first Wilkinson power divider 8, the first Wilkinson power divider 8 is connected with a 180° phase shifter 10 and the third Wilkinson power divider is connected by a curved microstrip line 14. The input signal is equally divided into two signals by the first Wilkinson power divider 8, and passes through the 180° phase shifter and the curved microstrip line respectively. The 180° phase shifter 10 is connected with a second Wilkinson power divider 13, the second Wilkinson power divider 13 is respectively connected with the first 90° phase shifter 9 and the microstrip line, and the third Wilkinson power divider Device 14 is respectively connected with the second 90 ° phase shifter 15 and microstrip line, the input port of the first Wilkinson power divider 8, the second Wilkinson power divider 13 and the third Wilkinson power divider 14 Both are connected to two sections of microstrip lines with a length of λ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between the two sections of microstrip lines.
180°移相器10包括三条支路，其中第一条支路为长度为λ g/2的微带线，第二条支路由两条短路的电长度为λ g/8的微带线组成，第三条支路由两条开路的电长度为λ g/8的微带线组成，λ g表示输入信号在5GHz时的工作波长。 The 180° phase shifter 10 includes three branches, wherein the first branch is a microstrip line with a length of λ g /2, and the second branch is composed of two short-circuited microstrip lines with an electrical length of λ g /8 , the third branch consists of two open-circuit microstrip lines with an electrical length of λ g /8, where λ g represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5 GHz.
移相馈电网络6为立体结构，移相馈电网络6设有四个垂直于下层介质基板2的竖直介质基板7，四个竖直介质基板7上分别设置有端口1的第一90°移相器9和端口3的第二90°移相器15以及端口2和端口4的微带线，四个端口分别连接金属探针11。The phase-shifting feed network 6 is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feed network 6 is provided with four vertical dielectric substrates 7 perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the first 90 of the port 1 is respectively arranged on the four vertical dielectric substrates 7. ° phase shifter 9 and the second 90° phase shifter 15 of port 3 and the microstrip lines of port 2 and port 4, and the four ports are connected to metal probes 11 respectively.
本发明提出的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线的具体结构参数如表1所示：The specific structural parameters of a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity proposed by the present invention are shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
参数parameter l 1 l 1 l 2 l 2 r 1 r 1 r 2 r 2 h 1 h 1 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3 h 4 h 4
值(mm)Value (mm) 6565 2828 1212 10.310.3 0.50.5 1111 99 33
参数parameter h 5 h 5 w 1 w 1 w 2 w 2 w 3 w 3 w 4 w 4 w 5 w 5 d 1 d 1 d 2 d 2
值(mm)Value (mm) 66 1.51.5 0.660.66 0.840.84 1.11.1 0.20.2 2.42.4 22
参数parameter d 3 d 3 d 4 d 4 a 1 a 1 a 2 a 2 a 3 a 3 b 1 b1  the  the
值(mm)Value (mm) 1010 99 1.11.1 1.11.1 1.11.1 65.565.5  the  the
图6显示了是发明中极化选择性吸收器左右旋吸收曲线示意图，从图中可以看出在4.8GHz左右左旋圆极化吸收率最高，可以达到99％，而此时右旋圆极化的吸收率为30％左右，将此极化选择性吸收器与天线结合可以改善天线的方向性。如图7所示，使用具有极化选择性吸收结构的腔体相比使用金属腔体的天线的3dB角度带宽有30°左右的改善。本发明提供的天线阵列中心频率工作在5GHz，有效阻抗带宽为3.47-6.88GHz，有效相对阻抗带宽为68.2％，如图8所示。有效轴比带宽为3.52-7.19GHz，有效相对轴比带宽为73.4％，如图9所示。该天线的有效带宽为3.52-6.88GHz，有效相对带宽为67.2％。最大增益可达到15.56dBi，如图10所示。本发明阵列在5GHz处的方向图如图11所示，可以看出其方向图具有较好的对称性。Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the left-handed absorption curve of the polarization selective absorber in the invention. It can be seen from the figure that the left-handed circular polarization absorption rate is the highest at around 4.8 GHz, which can reach 99%, while the right-handed circular polarization at this time The absorption rate is about 30%. Combining this polarization selective absorber with the antenna can improve the directivity of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 7 , the 3dB angular bandwidth of the antenna using the polarization-selective absorbing structure is improved by about 30° compared to the antenna using the metal cavity. The central frequency of the antenna array provided by the present invention works at 5 GHz, the effective impedance bandwidth is 3.47-6.88 GHz, and the effective relative impedance bandwidth is 68.2%, as shown in FIG. 8 . The effective axial ratio bandwidth is 3.52-7.19GHz, and the effective relative axial ratio bandwidth is 73.4%, as shown in Figure 9. The effective bandwidth of the antenna is 3.52-6.88GHz, and the effective relative bandwidth is 67.2%. The maximum gain can reach 15.56dBi, as shown in Figure 10. The directional pattern of the array of the present invention at 5 GHz is shown in FIG. 11 , and it can be seen that the directional pattern has better symmetry.
本发明提供的天线阵列，突破了传统圆极化天线的设计思路，将双层的圆极化天线阵与极化选择性吸收器结合。本发明通过移相馈电网络与威尔金森功分器和移相器相结合，实现了超宽的带宽。并且通过设有极化选择性吸收器的腔体在获得高增益的同时改善了方向性。该天线同时具有设计新颖、材料易得、成本较低、应用范围广等特点。The antenna array provided by the present invention breaks through the design ideas of the traditional circularly polarized antenna, and combines a double-layered circularly polarized antenna array with a polarization selective absorber. The invention realizes ultra-wide bandwidth by combining phase-shifting feed network with Wilkinson power divider and phase shifter. And the directivity is improved while obtaining high gain through the cavity provided with the polarization selective absorber. The antenna also has the characteristics of novel design, easy-to-obtain material, low cost, wide application range and the like.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：包括外部腔体(3)，所述外部腔体(3)上设置有极化选择性吸收器(5)，所述外部腔体(3)内设置有双层圆极化天线阵列，所述双层圆极化天线阵列包括上下设置的上层介质基板(4)和下层介质基板(2)，所述下层介质基板(2)上设有移相馈电网络(6)，所述移相馈电网络(6)通过金属探针(11)馈电至所述上层介质基板(4)，所述上层介质基板(4)上设置有辐射贴片(1)。A circularly polarized cavity antenna for improving directivity, characterized in that: it includes an external cavity (3), and a polarization selective absorber (5) is arranged on the external cavity (3), and the external cavity A double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged inside the body (3), and the double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate (4) and a lower layer dielectric substrate (2) arranged up and down, and the lower layer dielectric substrate (2) A phase-shifting feed network (6) is provided on it, and the phase-shifting feed network (6) feeds power to the upper dielectric substrate (4) through a metal probe (11), and the upper dielectric substrate (4) A radiation patch (1) is provided.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述外部腔体(3)为方形结构，所述外部腔体(3)每个侧面设置有四个所述极化选择性吸收器(5)。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the external cavity (3) is a square structure, and each side of the external cavity (3) is provided with four a said polarization selective absorber (5).
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述极化选择性吸收器(5)正面包括上下设置的T型金属和旋转枝节，所述极化选择性吸收器(5)背面设置有金属不规则槽，所述金属不规则槽由圆环槽和截角的方环槽组成。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front of the polarization selective absorber (5) includes T-shaped metals and rotating branches arranged up and down, and the pole Metal irregular grooves are arranged on the back of the chemoselective absorber (5), and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular ring grooves and truncated square ring grooves.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述外部腔体(3)的材质为FR4，厚度为6mm，相对介电常数为4.4，损耗角正切值为0.02。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material of the external cavity (3) is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss angle The tangent value is 0.02.
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述金属不规则槽之间加载有两个电阻(12)。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 3, characterized in that two resistors (12) are loaded between the metal irregular slots.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述辐射贴片(1)个数为4个，形状为月牙形结构，是由一个圆形辐射贴片裁剪去一个圆形贴片而得到。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of said radiation patches (1) is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure, which is formed by a circular radiation patch. The patch is obtained by cutting out a circular patch.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述上层介质基板(4)和下层介质基板(2)的材质均为F4B，厚度均为0.5mm，相对介电常数均为2.2，损耗角正切值均为0.003。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the materials of the upper dielectric substrate (4) and the lower dielectric substrate (2) are both F4B, and both have a thickness of 0.5mm , the relative permittivity is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.003.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特 征在于：所述移相馈电网络(6)包括第一威尔金森功分器(8)，所述第一威尔金森功分器(8)分别连接有180°移相器(10)和第三威尔金森功分器(14)，所述180°移相器(10)连接有第二威尔金森功分器(13)，所述第二威尔金森功分器(13)分别连接有第一90°移相器(9)和微带线，所述第三威尔金森功分器(14)分别连接有第二90°移相器(15)和微带线，所述第一威尔金森功分器(8)、第二威尔金森功分器(13)和第三威尔金森功分器(14)的输入端口均连接两段长度为λ g/4的微带线，两段微带线之间加载有隔离电阻。 A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase-shifted feed network (6) includes a first Wilkinson power divider (8), and the first One Wilkinson power splitter (8) is connected with 180 ° phase shifter (10) and the third Wilkinson power splitter (14) respectively, and described 180 ° phase shifter (10) is connected with the second Wilkinson power splitter (10) Jinsen power divider (13), described second Wilkinson power divider (13) is connected with the first 90 ° phase shifter (9) and microstrip line respectively, described the 3rd Wilkinson power divider ( 14) The second 90° phase shifter (15) and the microstrip line are respectively connected, the first Wilkinson power divider (8), the second Wilkinson power divider (13) and the third Wilkinson power divider The input ports of the Jinsen power divider (14) are connected to two sections of microstrip lines with a length of λ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between the two sections of microstrip lines.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述180°移相器(10)包括三条支路，其中第一条支路为长度为λ g/2的微带线，第二条支路由两条短路的电长度为λ g/8的微带线组成，第三条支路由两条开路的电长度为λ g/8的微带线组成，λ g表示输入信号在5GHz时的工作波长。 A kind of circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 8, characterized in that: said 180° phase shifter (10) includes three branches, wherein the first branch has a length of λ g /2 microstrip line, the second branch is composed of two short-circuited microstrip lines with an electrical length of λg /8, and the third branch is composed of two open-circuited microstrip lines with an electrical length of λg /8 , λg represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5GHz.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线，其特征在于：所述移相馈电网络(6)为立体结构，所述移相馈电网络(6)设有四个垂直于所述下层介质基板(2)的竖直介质基板(7)，四个所述竖直介质基板(7)上分别设置有端口1的第一90°移相器(9)和端口3的第二90°移相器(15)以及端口2和端口4的微带线。A circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity according to claim 8, characterized in that: the phase-shifting feeding network (6) is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feeding network (6) is provided with Four vertical dielectric substrates (7) perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate (2), the four vertical dielectric substrates (7) are respectively provided with the first 90° phase shifter (9) of port 1 and Second 90° phase shifter (15) for port 3 and microstrip lines for ports 2 and 4.
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