CN114464996B - Circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmon - Google Patents
Circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmon Download PDFInfo
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- CN114464996B CN114464996B CN202210127035.6A CN202210127035A CN114464996B CN 114464996 B CN114464996 B CN 114464996B CN 202210127035 A CN202210127035 A CN 202210127035A CN 114464996 B CN114464996 B CN 114464996B
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
- H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons, which comprises an upper medium substrate and a lower medium substrate; the upper surface of the upper medium substrate is provided with four radiation patches and four circular patches, the radiation patches and the circular patches are symmetrically arranged along the center rotation of the upper medium substrate, the radiation patches are crescent and square grooves are etched at the edges, and the square grooves are used for generating artificial surface plasmons; the circular patch comprises an inner circle and a circular ring sleeved on the edge of the inner circle, and a strip-shaped groove is etched on the circular ring along the circumference and is used for generating local surface plasmons; the upper surface of the lower medium substrate is provided with a phase-shifting feed network, the phase-shifting feed network comprises four signal output ports, metal probes are respectively arranged on the four signal output ports, and the metal probes are upwards and respectively connected with the radiation patches for feeding; the directivity of the antenna is improved by artificial surface plasmon technique and localized surface plasmon technique.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons, and belongs to the technical field of electronic communication.
Background
With the continuous development of the communication industry, the wireless spectrum demand is continuously increased, and the broadband wireless communication technology has the characteristics of high transmission rate, large information transmission quantity, high stability and the like, and is an effective way for solving the wireless spectrum demand. The broadband antenna can reduce the cost by improving the manufacturing materials, simplifying the hardware structure and the like.
Currently, requirements on communication technologies in aspects of satellite communication, radar detection and the like are continuously improved, and an antenna is required to cover a wider bandwidth and have better directivity. The circularly polarized array antenna can improve the performance of a communication system, receives and radiates waves with arbitrary polarization, and is widely applied to the military field. In the fields of mobile communication, global positioning system, satellite communication and the like, the circularly polarized array antenna can increase the communication capacity by virtue of the advantage of the circularly polarized array antenna, and improves the multipath effect resistance of the system.
With the development of technology, the modern wireless communication technology puts higher demands on the performances of gain, directivity and the like of an antenna, but the traditional single circularly polarized antenna has limited bandwidth, and the existing method for adjusting the directivity of the antenna has poor stability, can only realize narrow bandwidth extension, and cannot realize improvement of directivity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons, which can realize the improvement of bandwidth and directivity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the upper medium substrate is provided with a radiation patch and a round patch, the radiation patch and the round patch are respectively provided with four patches and are rotationally symmetrically arranged along the center of the upper medium substrate, the radiation patch is crescent and is etched with square grooves at the edges, and the square grooves are used for generating artificial surface plasmons; the circular patch comprises an inner circle and a circular ring sleeved on the edge of the inner circle, wherein a strip-shaped groove is etched on the circular ring along the circumference and is used for generating local surface plasmons; the upper surface of the lower medium substrate is provided with a phase-shifting feed network, the phase-shifting feed network comprises four signal output ports, metal probes are respectively arranged on the four signal output ports, and the metal probes are upwards connected with radiation patches respectively for feeding.
Optionally, the size of the circularly polarized array antenna is 1.27λg×1.27λg×0.18λg, where λg is a guide wavelength.
Optionally, the upper layer dielectric substrate and the lower layer dielectric substrate are both insulating F4B dielectric substrates with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.003.
Optionally, the radiation patch comprises a base circle and a circular groove arranged on the base circle, wherein the center of the circular groove is positioned at the edge of the base circle, and the radius of the circular groove is smaller than that of the base circle; the circular patch is arranged on the inner side of the circular groove.
Optionally, four electromagnetic band gap structures are arranged on the upper medium substrate along the central rotational symmetry, each electromagnetic band gap structure comprises a plurality of metal square sheets with equal radius, the circle centers of the metal square sheets are positioned on the same straight line and are arranged at intervals, round holes are etched in the centers of the metal square sheets, and the metal square sheets are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper medium substrate in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
Optionally, the phase-shifting feed network further comprises a first equal division wilkinson power divider, two second equal division wilkinson power dividers, a microstrip line, two 90 ° phase shifters and a 180 ° phase shifter; the input end of the first equal-division Wilkinson power divider is connected with a signal source, the output ends of the first equal-division Wilkinson power divider are respectively connected to the input ends of the two second equal-division Wilkinson power dividers through microstrip lines, the output ends of the two second equal-division Wilkinson power dividers are respectively connected to four signal output ports through microstrip lines, the 180-degree phase shifter is arranged on the microstrip line connected with one side output end of the first equal-division Wilkinson power divider, and the two 90-degree phase shifters are respectively arranged on the microstrip lines connected with the two opposite signal output ports.
Optionally, the microstrip lines are arranged in an irregular curved shape.
Optionally, the microstrip line side that 180 phase shifters are connected is provided with a plurality of bar paster, the interior side of bar paster all etches there is the rectangular channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the circularly polarized array antenna based on the surface plasmons, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the radiation patch is crescent, square grooves are etched at the edges, and the square grooves are used for generating artificial surface plasmons; the circular patch comprises an inner circle and a circular ring sleeved on the edge of the inner circle, and a strip-shaped groove is etched on the circular ring along the circumference and is used for generating local surface plasmons; the directivity of the antenna is improved by the artificial surface plasmon technology and the local surface plasmon technology, and the performance of the antenna is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a surface of an upper dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a surface of a lower dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a phase change of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention along with a frequency change of an input signal;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in radiation directions of 5.6GHz and 6.3 GHz;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of comparison of measurement and simulation results of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of measurement and simulation results of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of comparing gain of measurement and simulation results of a circularly polarized array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
marked in the figure as:
1. the device comprises an upper layer medium substrate, a lower layer medium substrate, a radiation patch, a square groove, a base circle, a round groove, a phase shifting feed network, a signal output port, a first equal division Wilkinson power divider, a second equal division Wilkinson power divider, a microstrip line, a 45.90 DEG phase shifter, a 46.180 DEG phase shifter, a round patch, a 51, an inner circle, a 52, a round ring, a 53, a strip groove, a 6, a metal probe, a 7, an electromagnetic band gap structure, a 71, a metal square sheet, a 72, a round hole, a 8, a strip patch and a 81.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1-4, the present embodiment provides a circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons, which includes an upper dielectric substrate 1 and a lower dielectric substrate 2; the upper surface of the upper medium substrate 1 is provided with a radiation patch 3 and a circular patch 5, the radiation patch 3 and the circular patch 5 are respectively provided with four radiation patches and are rotationally symmetrically arranged along the center of the upper medium substrate 1, the radiation patch 3 is crescent-shaped, square grooves 31 are etched at the edges, and the square grooves 31 are used for generating artificial surface plasmons; the radiation patch 3 comprises a base circle 32 and a circular groove 33 arranged on the base circle 32, wherein the center of the circular groove 33 is positioned at the edge of the base circle 32, and the radius of the circular groove 33 is smaller than that of the base circle 32; the circular patch 5 is disposed inside the circular groove 33. The crescent structure reduces the influence between the phase-shifting feed network 4 and the radiation patch 3, and generates two orthogonal modes through disturbance to form circular polarization, thereby being beneficial to the improvement of bandwidth and directivity. The circular patch 5 comprises an inner circle 51 and a circular ring 52 sleeved on the edge of the inner circle 51, wherein a strip-shaped groove 53 is etched on the circular ring 52 along the circumference, and the strip-shaped groove 53 is used for generating local surface plasmons; the artificial surface plasmon technology and the local surface plasmon technology effectively improve the bandwidth and the directivity of the circularly polarized array antenna.
The upper surface of the lower medium substrate 2 is provided with a phase-shifting feed network 4, the phase-shifting feed network 4 comprises four signal output ports 41, the four signal output ports 41 are respectively provided with a metal probe 6, and the metal probes 6 are upwards connected with the radiation patches 3 respectively for feeding. The phase-shifting feed network 4 further comprises a first equally divided wilkinson power divider 42, two second equally divided wilkinson power dividers 43, a microstrip line 44, two 90 ° phase shifters 45 and a 180 ° phase shifter 46; the input end of the first equal-division wilkinson power divider 42 is connected with a signal source, the output ends of the first equal-division wilkinson power divider 42 are respectively connected with the input ends of the two second equal-division wilkinson power dividers 43 through microstrip lines 44, the output ends of the two second equal-division wilkinson power dividers 43 are respectively connected with four signal output ports 41 through microstrip lines 44, a 180-degree phase shifter 46 is arranged on the microstrip line 44 connected with one side output end of the first equal-division wilkinson power divider 42, two 90-degree phase shifters 45 are respectively arranged on the microstrip line 44 connected with the two opposite signal output ports 41, and the microstrip lines 44 are in irregular curved arrangement. The input signal is divided into two signals by the Wilkinson power divider, so that more balanced power distribution can be realized, and the bandwidth is improved. The two 90 ° phase shifters 45 achieve a phase difference of 90 ° by a microstrip line of a quarter wavelength difference, and the 180 ° phase shifter 46 achieves a phase difference of 180 ° by a microstrip line 44 of a half wavelength difference; the phase shifter is used for adjusting the phase on a wider frequency band, so that the phase is converted from 0 DEG to 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, and the adjustment and improvement of directivity are realized. The side of the microstrip line connected with the 180 DEG phase shifter is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped patches, and rectangular grooves are etched on the inner sides of the strip-shaped patches.
Four electromagnetic band gap structures 7 are symmetrically arranged on the upper medium substrate 1 along the center rotation and are used for inhibiting the propagation of harmonic waves and electromagnetic surface waves and improving the performance of the antenna. The electromagnetic band gap structure 7 comprises a plurality of metal square sheets 71 with equal radius, the circle centers of the metal square sheets 71 are positioned on the same straight line and are arranged at intervals, round holes 72 are etched in the centers of the metal square sheets 71, and the metal square sheets 71 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper medium substrate 1 in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
The circularly polarized array antenna of this embodiment has dimensions of 1.27 λg×1.27 λg×0.18 λg, λg being the guide wavelength. The upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are both insulating F4B dielectric substrates having a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.003.
Specific dimensions of the circularly polarized array antenna provided in this embodiment are shown in table 1,
table one:
| parameters (parameters) | l 1 | w 1 | w 2 | w 3 | w 4 | w 5 | r 1 | r 2 | r 3 |
| Value (mm) | 60 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.84 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 12 | 0.4 | 4 |
| Parameters (parameters) | h 1 | h 2 | h 3 | a 1 | a 2 | a 3 | a 4 | a 5 | a 6 |
| Value (mm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| Parameters (parameters) | d 1 | d 2 | d 3 | d 4 | d 5 | d 6 | d 7 | ||
| Value (mm) | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0.74 | 4 | 0.7 | 2.44 |
As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the impedance bandwidth is 3.11GHz to 6.74GHz, and the phase difference between adjacent output ports can be maintained at around 90 ° from 3GHz to 7 GHz.
As shown in FIG. 6, the radiation patterns of the array are 5.8GHz and 6.3GHz in the embodiment of the invention. It can be seen that cross polarization is significantly suppressed after the addition of localized surface plasmon structures. At 5.8GHz, the cross polarization suppression angle of more than 15dB can reach 50 degrees, which is 12 degrees better than that of the structure without adding the local surface plasmon. At 6.3GHz, cross polarization suppression can reach angles greater than 15dB to 63 ° and 33 ° better than without the addition of localized surface plasmon structures. This antenna achieves an improvement in directivity.
As shown in fig. 7, a comparison between the results of measurement and simulation of |s11| (an input reflection coefficient, which is one of index parameters of antenna performance, is used to measure whether the impedance match of the antenna to the excitation source is good). The bandwidth of the measured impedance is 3.15GHz to 6.75GHz, the relative bandwidth is 72 percent, and the measured impedance is basically consistent with the simulation result.
As shown in fig. 8, a comparison between the measured and simulated axial ratio results is shown. The measured axial ratio bandwidth is 3.97GHz to 6.72GHz, the relative bandwidth is 55 percent,
as shown in fig. 9, a comparison of measured and analog gains is shown. The peak gain was found to be 11.11dBi.
The antenna array designed by the invention has certain advantages in size and can realize the improvement of directivity as can be obtained from measurement and simulation results.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The circularly polarized array antenna based on the surface plasmon is characterized by comprising an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the upper medium substrate is provided with a radiation patch and a round patch, the radiation patch and the round patch are respectively provided with four patches and are rotationally symmetrically arranged along the center of the upper medium substrate, the radiation patch is crescent and is etched with square grooves at the edges, and the square grooves are used for generating artificial surface plasmons; the circular patch comprises an inner circle and a circular ring sleeved on the edge of the inner circle, wherein a strip-shaped groove is etched on the circular ring along the circumference and is used for generating local surface plasmons; the upper surface of the lower medium substrate is provided with a phase-shifting feed network, the phase-shifting feed network comprises four signal output ports, metal probes are respectively arranged on the four signal output ports, and the metal probes are upwards connected with radiation patches respectively for feeding.
2. The circularly polarized array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circularly polarized array antenna has dimensions of 1.27 λg×1.27 λg×0.18 λg, λg being a guide wavelength.
3. The circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer dielectric substrate and the lower layer dielectric substrate are both insulating F4B dielectric substrates with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.003.
4. The circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons according to claim 1, wherein the radiation patch comprises a base circle and a circular groove formed on the base circle, the center of the circular groove is located at the edge of the base circle, and the radius of the circular groove is smaller than that of the base circle; the circular patch is arranged on the inner side of the circular groove.
5. The circularly polarized array antenna based on surface plasmons according to claim 1, wherein four electromagnetic band gap structures are symmetrically arranged on the upper dielectric substrate along the center rotation, each electromagnetic band gap structure comprises a plurality of metal square pieces with equal radius, the circle centers of the metal square pieces are positioned on the same straight line and are arranged at intervals, round holes are etched in the centers of the metal square pieces, and the metal square pieces are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
6. The circularly polarized array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase shift feed network further comprises a first equally divided wilkinson power divider, two second equally divided wilkinson power dividers, a microstrip line, two 90 ° phase shifters, and a 180 ° phase shifter; the input end of the first equal-division Wilkinson power divider is connected with a signal source, the output ends of the first equal-division Wilkinson power divider are respectively connected to the input ends of the two second equal-division Wilkinson power dividers through microstrip lines, the output ends of the two second equal-division Wilkinson power dividers are respectively connected to four signal output ports through microstrip lines, the 180-degree phase shifter is arranged on the microstrip line connected with one side output end of the first equal-division Wilkinson power divider, and the two 90-degree phase shifters are respectively arranged on the microstrip lines connected with the two opposite signal output ports.
7. The circularly polarized array antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein the microstrip lines are arranged in an irregularly curved configuration.
8. The circularly polarized array antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein the 180 ° phase shifter is connected to a microstrip line with a plurality of strip-shaped patches, and rectangular grooves are etched on inner sides of the strip-shaped patches.
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