WO2023159981A1 - Antenne à cavité à polarisation circulaire douée d'une directivité améliorée - Google Patents

Antenne à cavité à polarisation circulaire douée d'une directivité améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159981A1
WO2023159981A1 PCT/CN2022/126316 CN2022126316W WO2023159981A1 WO 2023159981 A1 WO2023159981 A1 WO 2023159981A1 CN 2022126316 W CN2022126316 W CN 2022126316W WO 2023159981 A1 WO2023159981 A1 WO 2023159981A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circularly polarized
dielectric substrate
antenna
cavity
power divider
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/126316
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李芊芊
章海锋
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南京邮电大学
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Publication of WO2023159981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159981A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0241—Waveguide horns radiating a circularly polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, which belongs to the technical field of electronic communication.
  • antennas play a pivotal role in communication systems.
  • the antenna is a converter between radio waves in free space and guided waves on transmission lines, which can complete the mutual conversion between the two.
  • antennas are widely used in mobile communication, radar, navigation and other fields, and have become an indispensable condition for long-distance transmission of information.
  • microstrip antennas Compared with traditional microwave antennas, microstrip antennas have the advantages of small size, light weight, and low profile, so they are more widely used.
  • another notable feature of the microstrip antenna is that it is easy to realize circular polarization. If a linearly polarized antenna is used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in satellite communications, the Faraday rotation effect will occur when the waves pass through the ionosphere, and the anti-interference performance is poor, so the signal will appear polarization mismatch and affect the communication quality.
  • circularly polarized antennas there will be no such problem with circularly polarized antennas, because circularly polarized antennas can receive any linearly polarized waves.
  • circularly polarized antennas When circularly polarized antennas are used as transmitting antennas, they can also be received with linearly polarized antennas. No polarization mismatch is created during this process. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas are widely used in the military field. In mobile communication, global positioning system, satellite communication and other fields.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, which can widen the bandwidth of the antenna, improve the directivity and increase the gain in the working frequency band.
  • a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity comprising an external cavity, a polarization selective absorber is arranged on the external cavity, a double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged in the external cavity, the
  • the double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate and a lower layer dielectric substrate arranged up and down, and a phase-shifting feed network is provided on the lower layer dielectric substrate, and the phase-shift feed network is fed to the upper layer through metal probes.
  • a dielectric substrate, the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch.
  • the external cavity has a square structure, and four polarization-selective absorbers are arranged on each side of the external cavity.
  • the front of the polarization selective absorber includes T-shaped metal and rotating branches arranged up and down, and the back of the polarization selective absorber is provided with metal irregular grooves, and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular grooves and truncated corners Square ring groove composition.
  • the material of the external cavity is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
  • the number of said radiating patches is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure, which is obtained by cutting out a circular patch from a circular radiating patch.
  • Both the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are made of F4B, both have a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.003.
  • the phase-shifted feed network includes a first Wilkinson power divider, and the first Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a 180° phase shifter and a third Wilkinson power divider, and the 180° phase shifter
  • the phaser is connected with a second Wilkinson power divider, and the second Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a first 90° phase shifter and a microstrip line, and the third Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with
  • There is a second 90° phase shifter and a microstrip line, and the input ports of the first Wilkinson power splitter, the second Wilkinson power splitter and the third Wilkinson power splitter are connected to two lengths of A microstrip line of ⁇ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between two sections of the microstrip line.
  • the 180° phase shifter includes three branches, wherein the first branch is a microstrip line with a length of ⁇ g /2, and the second branch is a microstrip line with two short-circuited electrical lengths of ⁇ g /8
  • the third branch is composed of two open-circuit microstrip lines with an electrical length of ⁇ g /8, where ⁇ g represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5 GHz.
  • the phase-shifting feed network is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feed network is provided with four vertical dielectric substrates perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate, and the four vertical dielectric substrates are respectively provided with ports 1 The first 90° phase shifter and the second 90° phase shifter for port 3 and the microstrip lines for port 2 and port 4.
  • the circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity provided by the present invention breaks through the design ideas of traditional circularly polarized antennas.
  • the external cavity with polarization function can widen the bandwidth of the antenna, improve the directivity and increase the gain in the working frequency band; the present invention greatly reduces the gap between the feeding network and the radiation patch by using a three-dimensional phase-shifting feeding network.
  • the coupling; the present invention has the characteristics of novel design, low cost and wide application range.
  • Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an internal double-layer antenna in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the microstrip line on the dielectric substrate in the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of phase-shift feed network among the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of polarization selective absorber among the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of left and right rotation absorption curves of a polarization selective absorber in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of 3dB angular bandwidth at 5 GHz between adding a cavity with a polarization-selective absorber and adding a metal cavity in the present invention: (a) 0°, (b) 90°;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio curve in the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the gain curve in the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the pattern at 5GHz in the present invention: (a) 0°, (b) 90°.
  • the reference signs in the figure are as follows: 1-radiation patch; 2-lower dielectric substrate; 3-external cavity; 4-upper dielectric substrate; 5-selective polarization absorber; 6-phase-shifting feed network; 7- Vertical dielectric substrate; 8-first Wilkinson power divider; 9-first 90° phase shifter; 10-180° phase shifter; 11-metal probe; 12-resistor; 13-second Will Kingson power divider; 14-the third Wilkinson power divider; 15-the second 90° phase shifter.
  • the present invention provides a circularly polarized cavity antenna with improved directivity, including an external cavity 3, a polarization selective absorber 5 is arranged on the external cavity 3, and the external cavity 3
  • a double-layer circularly polarized antenna array is arranged inside.
  • the double-layer circularly polarized antenna array includes an upper layer dielectric substrate 4 and a lower layer dielectric substrate 2 arranged up and down.
  • the network 6 is fed to the upper dielectric substrate 4 through the metal probe 11 , and the radiation patch 1 is arranged on the upper dielectric substrate 4 .
  • the antenna of the present invention is fed from the side of the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the input signal is sent to the metal probe 11 through the phase shift feeding network 6 to excite the four radiation patches 1 to radiate circularly polarized waves outward.
  • the external cavity 3 provided with the polarization-selective absorber 5 the cross-polarization can be absorbed in a wider frequency band to improve the directivity while increasing the gain.
  • the external cavity 3 is a square structure, the material is FR4, the thickness is 6mm, the relative permittivity is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
  • a groove with a length of 40 mm, a width of 40 mm and a height of 6 mm is dug at the bottom of the external cavity 3 , and four polarization selective absorbers 5 are arranged on each side of the external cavity 3 .
  • the front of the polarization selective absorber 5 is an asymmetric metal structure and three metal branches, including T-shaped metal and rotating branches arranged up and down, the number of rotating branches is 3, and the rotation angle is 30°.
  • the back of the polarization selective absorber 5 is provided with metal irregular grooves, and the metal irregular grooves are composed of circular ring grooves and truncated square ring grooves.
  • Two resistors 12 are loaded between the metal irregular grooves, and the resistance value of the resistors 12 is 390 ⁇ , and the current path is changed by setting the resistors.
  • the number of radiation patches is four, and the shape is a crescent-shaped structure.
  • the four crescent-shaped radiation patches 1 are symmetrically distributed on the upper dielectric substrate 4.
  • the radiation patch 1 is a circular radiation patch with a radius of 12mm.
  • the piece is obtained by cutting out a circular patch with a radius of 10mm.
  • Both the upper dielectric substrate 4 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of F4B, both have a thickness of 0.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.003.
  • the phase-shifted feed network 6 includes a first Wilkinson power divider 8, the first Wilkinson power divider 8 is connected with a 180° phase shifter 10 and the third Wilkinson power divider is connected by a curved microstrip line 14.
  • the input signal is equally divided into two signals by the first Wilkinson power divider 8, and passes through the 180° phase shifter and the curved microstrip line respectively.
  • the 180° phase shifter 10 is connected with a second Wilkinson power divider 13, the second Wilkinson power divider 13 is respectively connected with the first 90° phase shifter 9 and the microstrip line, and the third Wilkinson power divider Device 14 is respectively connected with the second 90 ° phase shifter 15 and microstrip line, the input port of the first Wilkinson power divider 8, the second Wilkinson power divider 13 and the third Wilkinson power divider 14 Both are connected to two sections of microstrip lines with a length of ⁇ g /4, and an isolation resistor is loaded between the two sections of microstrip lines.
  • the 180° phase shifter 10 includes three branches, wherein the first branch is a microstrip line with a length of ⁇ g /2, and the second branch is composed of two short-circuited microstrip lines with an electrical length of ⁇ g /8 , the third branch consists of two open-circuit microstrip lines with an electrical length of ⁇ g /8, where ⁇ g represents the working wavelength of the input signal at 5 GHz.
  • the phase-shifting feed network 6 is a three-dimensional structure, and the phase-shifting feed network 6 is provided with four vertical dielectric substrates 7 perpendicular to the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the first 90 of the port 1 is respectively arranged on the four vertical dielectric substrates 7. ° phase shifter 9 and the second 90° phase shifter 15 of port 3 and the microstrip lines of port 2 and port 4, and the four ports are connected to metal probes 11 respectively.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the left-handed absorption curve of the polarization selective absorber in the invention. It can be seen from the figure that the left-handed circular polarization absorption rate is the highest at around 4.8 GHz, which can reach 99%, while the right-handed circular polarization at this time The absorption rate is about 30%. Combining this polarization selective absorber with the antenna can improve the directivity of the antenna. As shown in FIG. 7 , the 3dB angular bandwidth of the antenna using the polarization-selective absorbing structure is improved by about 30° compared to the antenna using the metal cavity.
  • the central frequency of the antenna array provided by the present invention works at 5 GHz, the effective impedance bandwidth is 3.47-6.88 GHz, and the effective relative impedance bandwidth is 68.2%, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the effective axial ratio bandwidth is 3.52-7.19GHz, and the effective relative axial ratio bandwidth is 73.4%, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 3.52-6.88GHz, and the effective relative bandwidth is 67.2%.
  • the maximum gain can reach 15.56dBi, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the directional pattern of the array of the present invention at 5 GHz is shown in FIG. 11 , and it can be seen that the directional pattern has better symmetry.
  • the antenna array provided by the present invention breaks through the design ideas of the traditional circularly polarized antenna, and combines a double-layered circularly polarized antenna array with a polarization selective absorber.
  • the invention realizes ultra-wide bandwidth by combining phase-shifting feed network with Wilkinson power divider and phase shifter. And the directivity is improved while obtaining high gain through the cavity provided with the polarization selective absorber.
  • the antenna also has the characteristics of novel design, easy-to-obtain material, low cost, wide application range and the like.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Est divulguée dans la présente invention une antenne à cavité à polarisation circulaire douée d'une directivité améliorée. L'antenne à cavité à polarisation circulaire comprend une cavité externe (3). Des absorbeurs sélectifs de polarisation (5) sont disposés sur la cavité externe (3). Un réseau bicouche d'antennes à polarisation circulaire est disposé dans la cavité externe (3) et comprend un substrat diélectrique supérieur (4) et un substrat diélectrique inférieur (2), qui sont disposés l'un au-dessus de l'autre. Un réseau d'alimentation à déphasage (6), qui alimente le substrat diélectrique supérieur (4) au moyen de sondes métalliques (11), est disposé sur le substrat diélectrique inférieur (2). Des plaques de rayonnement (1) sont disposées sur le substrat diélectrique supérieur (4). Selon l'antenne à cavité à polarisation circulaire douée d'une directivité améliorée de la présente invention, la largeur de bande d'une antenne peut être élargie, la directivité peut être améliorée, et le gain dans une gamme de fréquences de fonctionnement peut être augmenté.
PCT/CN2022/126316 2022-02-25 2022-10-20 Antenne à cavité à polarisation circulaire douée d'une directivité améliorée WO2023159981A1 (fr)

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CN202210181886.9A CN114552221B (zh) 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线
CN202210181886.9 2022-02-25

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CN117650361B (zh) * 2023-10-30 2024-05-31 广东工业大学 宽带低剖面小型圆极化天线及无线通信设备

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CN114552221B (zh) * 2022-02-25 2023-12-12 南京邮电大学 一种改善方向性的圆极化腔体天线
CN115084844B (zh) * 2022-06-30 2024-04-05 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 一种低剖面宽带圆极化天线子阵

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117650361A (zh) * 2023-10-30 2024-03-05 广东工业大学 宽带低剖面小型圆极化天线及无线通信设备
CN117650361B (zh) * 2023-10-30 2024-05-31 广东工业大学 宽带低剖面小型圆极化天线及无线通信设备

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