WO2023157312A1 - 信号処理装置、システム、方法、及び非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 - Google Patents

信号処理装置、システム、方法、及び非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 Download PDF

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WO2023157312A1
WO2023157312A1 PCT/JP2022/007019 JP2022007019W WO2023157312A1 WO 2023157312 A1 WO2023157312 A1 WO 2023157312A1 JP 2022007019 W JP2022007019 W JP 2022007019W WO 2023157312 A1 WO2023157312 A1 WO 2023157312A1
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signal
optical fiber
signal source
source candidate
predetermined
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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航 河野
咲子 美島
玲史 近藤
智之 樋野
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NEC Corp
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NEC Corp
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Priority to US18/834,759 priority patent/US20250123140A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2022/007019 priority patent/WO2023157312A1/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to signal processing devices, systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media, and in particular, capable of estimating the position of origin of a signal considering optical fiber installation information and optical fiber gauge length.
  • signal processing apparatus, systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media are provided.
  • a Phase-Sensitive OTDR Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
  • the OTDR inputs a coherent optical pulse signal and detects the difference between two points on an optical fiber with a phase of backscattered light (Rayleigh scattered light), thereby determining the phase difference evaluation section (gauge length section).
  • This device detects the dynamic strain of an optical fiber. It is also sometimes referred to as a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) device.
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses estimating the position and direction of a signal source away from the optical fiber from the relationship between the acoustic signal detected on the optical fiber and the real space distribution information of the optical fiber. Specifically, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional sound source position estimation method using an optical fiber sensor using a coiled sensor head is disclosed.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 discloses imaging the waveform amplitude and comparing the performance of action event detection by several CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) models.
  • Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that a learning model is constructed from synthetic data of straight lines by using the linearity of the trajectory of traffic vehicles appearing in the waveform amplitude data.
  • Patent Document 1 there is a structure that has a non-linear shape and generates non-uniform strain when displacement occurs. , disclose measuring observed power spectral data from Brillouin scattered light.
  • the model power spectrum shape of Brillouin scattered light generated corresponding to the magnitude of the displacement of the structure is theoretically calculated, and this model power spectrum shape is applied to the observed power spectrum data. It is disclosed to calculate the displacement of the structure based on the model power spectrum shape of the best fit curve shape obtained.
  • Patent Document 1 does not disclose estimating the signal generation position in consideration of the optical fiber installation information and the optical fiber gauge length.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a light source unit that generates an optical pulse as probe light, a light receiving unit that coherently detects signal light generated by the probe light in an object to be measured to generate a beat signal, and an operation that receives the beat signal.
  • An optical coherent sensor is disclosed comprising a portion. Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
  • the computing unit includes optical information acquisition means, accuracy deterioration avoidance means, and phase difference information acquisition means, and the optical information acquisition means obtains , the distribution of the intensity and phase of the signal light is obtained from the beat signal, the accuracy deterioration avoiding means sets the reference time, and the phase difference information obtaining means calculates the phase difference with respect to the light receiving time of the signal light as tk>tj> It is disclosed that ti and the difference between t and ti are obtained as the light receiving time and the phase difference between the light receiving times, which are reference times, and the distribution of the phase difference with respect to the light receiving time of the signal light is obtained.
  • Patent Document 2 does not disclose estimating the signal generation position in consideration of the optical fiber installation information and the optical fiber gauge length.
  • the OTDR detects the dynamic strain (strain signal) of the optical fiber in the gauge length section by detecting the difference (phase difference) between two points on the optical fiber.
  • the phase difference acquired by the OTDR varies greatly depending on the laying conditions of the optical fiber and the set value of the gauge length of the optical fiber.
  • the signal position estimation method based on the distorted signal detected by the OTDR, the position of occurrence of the signal causing the distorted signal is estimated. Therefore, in order to perform more accurate position estimation, it is necessary to detect the strain signal in consideration of the laying condition of the optical fiber and the gauge length of the optical fiber, and estimate the position where the signal is generated based on the detected strain signal. There was a problem that it was necessary to
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a signal processing device, system, method, and non-transitory computer-readable medium that solve the above problems.
  • a signal processing device includes: signal source candidate generation means for generating a plurality of signal source candidate positions; Synthetic data generation for calculating a distortion signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber laying information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of signal source candidate positions.
  • a system includes: Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) equipment; a signal processor;
  • the distributed acoustic sensing device comprises: phase difference detection means for detecting a phase difference signal of backscattered light in the optical fiber gauge length section when the optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber;
  • the signal processing device is signal source candidate generation means for generating a plurality of signal source candidate positions; Synthetic data generation for calculating a distortion signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber laying information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of signal source candidate positions.
  • phase difference signal means and measurement data processing means for receiving the phase difference signal and converting the phase difference signal into the distortion signal; selecting a predetermined distorted signal having the highest degree of similarity to the transformed distorted signal from among the plurality of calculated distorted signals; a signal source candidate condition selecting means for selecting from among the source candidate positions and estimating the predetermined signal source candidate position as the signal generation position.
  • a method includes: generating a plurality of candidate signal source locations; calculating a distorted signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber installation information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of the signal source candidate positions; inputting a phase difference signal of backscattered light in an optical fiber gauge length section when an optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber, and converting the phase difference signal into a strain signal; selecting a predetermined distorted signal having the highest degree of similarity to the transformed distorted signal from among the plurality of calculated distorted signals; selecting from source candidate locations and estimating the predetermined signal source candidate location to be the source location of the signal; Prepare.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes: generating a plurality of candidate signal source locations; calculating a distorted signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber installation information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of the signal source candidate positions; inputting a phase difference signal of backscattered light in an optical fiber gauge length section when an optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber, and converting the phase difference signal into a strain signal; selecting a predetermined distorted signal having the highest degree of similarity to the transformed distorted signal from among the plurality of calculated distorted signals; selecting from source candidate locations and estimating the predetermined signal source candidate location to be the source location of the signal; A program that causes a computer to execute is stored.
  • a signal processing device capable of estimating the position of origin of a signal considering optical fiber installation information and optical fiber gauge length. can be done.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a signal processing device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) device;
  • DAS distributed acoustic sensing
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of gauge length;
  • 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a signal source candidate generating means according to Embodiment 1;
  • 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of synthetic data generation means according to Embodiment 1;
  • 4 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the combined data storage means according to Embodiment 1;
  • 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a storage table of combined data storage means according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a signal processing device
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the measured data processing means according to Embodiment 1; 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of signal source candidate condition selection means according to Embodiment 1;
  • 1 is a schematic diagram showing a specific example of a system according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating processing contents in each element of the signal processing device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating similarity in signal source candidate condition selection means according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating similarity in signal source candidate condition selection means according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating similarity in signal source candidate condition selection means according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating similarity in signal source candidate condition selection means according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a signal processing device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a signal processing device according to Embodiment 1.
  • a system 10 according to Embodiment 1 includes a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS: Distributed Acoustic Sensing) device 12 and a signal processing device 11 .
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
  • the signal processing device 11 has a signal source candidate generating means 111, a synthesized data generating means 112, a measured data processing means 113, and a signal source candidate condition selecting means 114.
  • the signal source candidate generating means 111 generates a plurality of signal source candidate positions.
  • a signal source candidate position indicates a position that is a candidate for a signal source.
  • the signals may be, for example, mechanical vibrations, physical vibrations, and/or sound signals (acoustic signals).
  • a signal source is, for example, a sound source, and indicates a position from which a sound is emitted.
  • the signal source may also indicate, for example, the location where the vibration occurred.
  • the signal source candidate generating means 111 When generating the signal source candidate positions, the signal source candidate generating means 111 does not blindly generate the signal source candidate positions.
  • An optical fiber sensor is installed to detect sound and vibration emitted from a signal source. good too. For example, when an optical fiber is laid in a straight line, signal source candidate positions are generated at equal intervals along the optical fiber. Further, for example, when an optical fiber is laid so as to surround a predetermined space or a predetermined area, the predetermined space is divided into meshes, and signal source candidate positions are generated in each of the divided areas. .
  • the signal source candidate generating means 111 divides a predetermined space including an optical fiber into a plurality of mesh-like first divided spaces, or a plurality of positions along the optical fiber, to a plurality of signal sources. Generate as a candidate position.
  • Synthetic data generation means 112 generates a distortion signal generated by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber installation information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of signal source candidate positions. to calculate Note that the optical fiber gauge length is sometimes simply referred to as gauge length.
  • a sensor that uses an optical fiber as a sensor medium is called an optical fiber sensor.
  • a distortion signal caused by the signal generated from the signal source distorting the optical fiber is calculated, but the invention is not limited to this.
  • the signal generated as a result of the signal generated by the signal source impacting the optical fiber may be calculated as composite data. Therefore, the distorted signal is sometimes called synthetic data.
  • the synthetic data generating means 112 calculates the values of the optical fiber strain signal in the number of (the number of the plurality of optical fiber installation information) x (the number of the plurality of gauge lengths) x (the number of the plurality of signal source candidate positions). do. For this reason, the combined data generating means 112 sets, for example, the optical fiber installation information and the gauge length of the optical fiber to fixed values, and calculates the strain signal of the optical fiber when the signal source candidate position is changed. Further, for example, the synthetic data generating means 112 sets the optical fiber installation information and the signal source candidate position to fixed values, and calculates the strain signal of the optical fiber when the gauge length of the optical fiber is changed. Further, for example, the synthetic data generating means 112 sets the gauge length of the optical fiber and the signal source candidate position to fixed values, and calculates the strain signal of the optical fiber when the optical fiber installation information is changed.
  • the synthetic data generating means 112 calculates strain signals of a plurality of optical fibers when at least one of the optical fiber installation information, the optical fiber gauge length, and the signal source candidate position is changed.
  • the phase difference signal acquired by the distributed acoustic sensing device 12 is input to the measured data processing means 113 .
  • the measured data processing means 113 converts the input phase difference signal into a distortion signal. The details of the method of converting the phase difference signal into the distortion signal will be described later.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects a predetermined distorted signal having the highest degree of similarity to the transformed distorted signal from among the calculated distorted signals. The details of how to select the predetermined distortion signal with the highest degree of similarity will be described later.
  • a signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects a predetermined signal source candidate position corresponding to the selected predetermined distortion signal from among a plurality of signal source candidate positions.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 estimates the selected predetermined signal source candidate position as the signal generation position, that is, the signal source.
  • the signal source candidate generation means 111 when the signal source candidate generation means 111 generates positions in a plurality of first divided spaces obtained by dividing a predetermined space including an optical fiber into a mesh shape as a plurality of signal source candidate positions, the signal source candidate condition
  • the selection means 114 may select a predetermined signal source candidate position from among the plurality of first divided spaces, and estimate the predetermined signal source candidate position as the signal generation position.
  • the signal processing device 11 may further include synthesized data storage means 115 for storing a plurality of distortion signals calculated by the synthesized data generation means 112 .
  • the combined data storage unit 115 associates and stores the optical fiber installation information, the optical fiber gauge length, the signal source candidate position, and the distortion signal obtained as a result of the calculation.
  • the distributed acoustic sensing device 12 has phase difference detection means (not shown) for detecting the phase difference signal of the backscattered light in the optical fiber gauge length section when the optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber.
  • the distributed acoustic sensing device 12 is a device that detects a phase difference signal of backscattered light in an optical fiber gauge length section using distributed acoustic sensing using an optical fiber as a sensor medium.
  • the distributed acoustic sensing device 12 may use an existing communication optical fiber as a sensor.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects a predetermined distortion signal from among the plurality of distortion signals calculated based on the optical fiber laying information and the optical fiber gauge length of the optical fiber to which the optical pulse signal is input. You can narrow down your selection.
  • the signal processing device 11 (or system 10) selects actually measured data from a plurality of synthesized data (distortion signals) calculated based on the optical fiber installation information, the optical fiber gauge length, and the signal source candidate position. A predetermined distortion signal having the highest degree of similarity to the obtained distortion signal is selected, and the signal source candidate position corresponding to the predetermined distortion signal is estimated to be the signal generation position. Since the signal processing device 11 (or system 10) according to Embodiment 1 estimates the signal generation position in consideration of the optical fiber installation information and the optical fiber gauge length, it is possible to perform more accurate position estimation. can.
  • a signal processing device, system, method, and non-transitory computer-readable medium capable of estimating a signal generation position in consideration of optical fiber installation information and optical fiber gauge length can be provided, and more accurate position estimation of the signal generation position can be performed.
  • the system 10 according to Embodiment 1 can be used as a distributed acoustic sensing device by converting an existing communication optical fiber into a sensor, the cost of the system can be reduced.
  • the system 10 according to Embodiment 1 by supplying power only to the box of the optical fiber sensor, the entire optical fiber becomes a sensor medium, and the phase difference signal can be received from the DAS device. Therefore, according to Embodiment 1, compared to the case of estimating the signal generation position using an electronically operated vibration sensor or microphone, the number of parts to be fed with power can be reduced (there is power saving). ).
  • the system 10 according to Embodiment 1 uses an optical fiber sensor that is an optical fiber sensor.
  • Fiber optic sensors are electromagnetic and/or corrosion resistant because the sensor medium is made of glass.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) device.
  • DAS distributed acoustic sensing
  • a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) device measures the strain ⁇ L of an optical fiber through the phase difference signal of the backscattered light in the gauge length section.
  • the optical fiber has multiple gauges and each gauge length section acts as an independent vibration/acoustic fiber optic sensor.
  • the distributed acoustic sensing device transmits to the signal processing device 11 a phase difference signal obtained when a signal is generated from the signal source.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of gauge length.
  • the left diagram of FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of vibration generated from the signal source when the gauge length is short.
  • the right diagram of FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of vibration generated from the signal source when the gauge length is long.
  • the DAS device inputs a coherent optical pulse signal and detects the difference between two points on the optical fiber with the phase of the backscattered light, thereby determining the dynamics of the optical fiber in the phase difference evaluation section (gauge length section). distortion (distortion signal).
  • a gauge length is the distance (length) between two points on an optical fiber.
  • the phase difference between the non-vibrating state and the vibrating state increases, resulting in a higher SN ratio (signal-to-noise ratio).
  • the source candidate position estimation accuracy (spatial resolution) is low.
  • the shorter the gauge length the smaller the phase difference between the non-vibrating and vibrating states, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the shorter the distance between measurement points on the gauge, resulting in a lower signal source.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • Candidate position estimation accuracy is high.
  • the SN ratio is lowered, and the detection performance is degraded.
  • the accuracy of signal source candidate position estimation decreases. That is, it is necessary to measure the phase difference signal by optimizing the gauge length.
  • the length of the gauge length must be within the specified length.
  • input information to be input to the signal source candidate generating means 111 of the signal processing device 11 includes signal source candidate positions, optical fiber installation information, and (optical fiber) gauge lengths.
  • the expansion/contraction S of the optical fiber at the measurement point at this time can be expressed as S(x, x s , t).
  • F is a function of the acoustic signal.
  • the expansion/contraction S may be given by formulating environmental noise appearing according to the laying information of the optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber installation information is the layout and installation environment of the optical fiber to be installed. Layouts are, for example, coiled and linear. In addition, installation environments include, for example, overhead lines and ground installations.
  • the properties of the measurement results (how the optical fiber is distorted) differ depending on the optical fiber installation information. When laying the optical fiber in a coil, the measurement points are regarded as points. Also, if the optical fiber is laid in a straight line, the measurement points are regarded as a line.
  • a coiled state is, for example, a state of an overhead wire adhered to a utility pole. It should be noted that large environmental noise may be added to the background depending on the laying condition of the optical fiber. For example, in the case of overhead lines, background noise due to wind may be added.
  • the optical fiber laying information sets the shape and distribution of the optical fiber, for example, straight or coiled.
  • the position of the measurement point of the optical fiber is a function of the length d
  • the length d is the length of the optical fiber from the sensor to the measurement point.
  • the gauge length G is as shown in Fig. 3.
  • Signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects predetermined synthesized data with the highest degree of similarity from among a plurality of synthesized data set to the same value as the gauge length value set when actually measured data is acquired. Then, the signal source candidate position corresponding to predetermined synthesized data is estimated to be the sound source.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the signal source candidate generating means according to the first embodiment.
  • a moving signal source for example, a signal emitted from a vehicle running along an optical fiber
  • the signal source candidate generation means 111 generates signal sources for the corresponding number of candidates in all patterns (step S102).
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of synthetic data generating means according to the first embodiment.
  • the synthetic data generating means 112 generates synthetic data (distortion signal) of data obtained by optical fiber sensing from input information in all patterns of signal source candidates (step S103).
  • Input information includes optical fiber installation information, gauge length, and signal source candidate positions.
  • Synthetic data generating means 112 generates a distortion signal by synthesizing phase difference signals obtained by optical fiber sensing in all patterns in which each of the input information varies within a predetermined range. In optical fiber sensing, vibration occurring in an arbitrary section on an optical fiber can be detected as a phase difference signal.
  • the combined data generating means 112 generates combined data using the optical fiber installation information, gauge length G, and signal source candidate positions.
  • the synthesized data generating means 112 first calculates, as synthesized data, the strain (distortion signal) ⁇ sim (d, t) of the optical fiber caused by the acoustic signal in the gauge length section of the optical fiber caused by the acoustic signal. .
  • a distortion signal ⁇ sim (d, t) as synthesized data is given by Equation (4).
  • d is the length of the optical fiber from the sensor to the point of measurement
  • t is the time
  • G is the gauge length.
  • S(x, x s , t) is the expansion and contraction of the optical fiber
  • x s is the position of the sound source.
  • Synthetic data generating means 112 generates distortion signals ⁇ sim (d, t), which are synthesized data for the number of signal source candidates generated by signal source candidate generating means 111 .
  • FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating the operation of combined data storage means according to Embodiment 1; 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating a storage table of a combined data storage unit according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating the operation of combined data storage means according to Embodiment 1; 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating a storage table of a combined data storage unit according to Embodiment 1.
  • the combined data storage unit 115 stores the calculation results of the first divided space from region R1 to region R9 obtained by dividing a predetermined space shown in FIG. is stored in the table.
  • the combined data storage means 115 similarly stores the calculation results of the regions R3 to R9 in the table.
  • the optical fiber laying information linear + coiled indicates that the optical fiber is laid in a straight line and a circular shape (referred to as a coil), as shown in the left diagram of Fig. 10 .
  • the signal source candidate positions indicate respective center positions of regions R1 to R9 of the first divided space obtained by dividing the predetermined space shown in the right diagram of FIG. 10 into a mesh shape.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the measured data processing means according to the first embodiment.
  • the measured data processing means 113 converts the measured phase difference signal so as to match the format of the distortion signal, which is the synthesized data (step S105).
  • the combined data generating means 112 calculates the strain (distortion signal) of the optical fiber, the dynamic strain signal ⁇ (d, t).
  • the distortion signal .epsilon.(d, t) is given by equations (5) and (6).
  • the phase difference signal ⁇ is actually measured by, for example, a DAS device, and is obtained by measuring the phase difference signal of the backscattered light in the optical fiber gauge length section when the optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber. .
  • ⁇ 0 is the reference phase.
  • ⁇ is the optical wavelength of the optical pulse signal and is 1.55 ⁇ m.
  • n is the refractive index of the optical fiber.
  • G is the gauge length.
  • ⁇ is the photoelastic magnification and is set to 0.78.
  • ⁇ Signal source candidate condition selection means> 9 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the signal source candidate condition selecting means according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the signal source candidate condition selecting means according to Embodiment 1.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 pre-calculates based on the signal source conditions (signal source speed, signal source coordinate position (signal source candidate position), waveform, etc.). Synthetic data of a certain condition is selected from among a plurality of synthetic data stored in the synthetic data storage means 115 (step S106).
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 determines whether or not the selected synthesized data under certain conditions has the highest degree of similarity to the actually measured synthesized data (step S107).
  • the signal source candidate condition selecting means 114 selects the selected synthetic data as predetermined synthetic data, A condition (signal source candidate position) of the signal source candidate to be used is output (step S108).
  • step S107 If the selected synthetic data is not most similar to the actually measured data (step S107: No)), the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 returns to step S106.
  • the synthesized data is, for example, the aforementioned distorted signal, and the condition is, for example, the coordinate position of the signal source (signal source candidate position). Therefore, the operations from step S106 to step S108 are summarized as follows.
  • Signal source candidate condition selecting means 114 selects a predetermined distorted signal having the highest degree of similarity to a distorted signal obtained by actual measurement from among a plurality of precalculated distorted signals, and selects a signal corresponding to the predetermined distorted signal.
  • the candidate source location is assumed to be the location of signal origin.
  • the distorted signal obtained by actual measurement is obtained by converting the phase difference signal obtained by actual measurement into a distorted signal.
  • selecting predetermined synthetic data with the highest degree of similarity means that synthetic data (distortion signal) ⁇ sim calculated by preparing a plurality of signal source candidate positions in advance and measured synthetic data (distortion signal) ⁇ are similar. to select the one with the highest degree.
  • ⁇ sim (d, t) a two-dimensional cross-correlation function between data of a plurality of ⁇ sim (d, t) and ⁇ (d, t) is obtained, and ⁇ sim (d, t) with the maximum similarity is determined. demand.
  • ⁇ sim (d, t) and ⁇ (d, t) are imaged, and template matching between images (for example, SSD (Sum of Squared Difference), NCC (Normalized Cross Correlation), etc.) is used.
  • ⁇ sim (d, t) that maximizes the similarity may be obtained.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 obtains the maximum similarity in this way, and estimates the position of the signal source by taking the coordinates where the similarity takes the maximum value as the position of the signal source.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a specific example of the system according to the first embodiment.
  • Regions R1 to R9 are defined as first divided spaces obtained by dividing a predetermined space into meshes.
  • a signal source candidate position is considered to exist in one of each of regions R1 to R9 obtained by dividing a space (region) surrounded by optical fibers into a mesh.
  • the number of mesh divisions may be increased.
  • the optical fiber laying information proceeds in a first direction in a straight line from the starting point where the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) device 12 is located, a first length, and a circumference of a second length.
  • Draw a circle of length progress a first length in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, draw a circle of perimeter a second length, and reverse the first direction Proceeding a first length, drawing a circle having a circumference of a second length, proceeding in a direction opposite to the second direction for the first length, and having a circumference of a second length It draws a circle.
  • the first length is 30 m (meters) and the second length is 50 m.
  • the optical fiber laying information can also be expressed as the optical fiber distribution x(d) in addition to the above expressions.
  • x(d) (x(d), y(d)) (7)
  • d is the length of the optical fiber from the distributed acoustic sensing device 12 to the measurement point.
  • the coil portion is regarded as a point and the straight portion is regarded as a line. Note that the coil portion may be a circle of radius r to give a realistic distribution.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating the processing contents of each element of the signal processing device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating the processing contents of each element of the signal processing device according to Embodiment 1.
  • S(x, x s , t) A ⁇ [ct ⁇
  • a pre-acquired waveform may be used in order to make the signal more realistic.
  • a two-dimensional cross-correlation function for example, is used to calculate the degree of similarity between
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram exemplifying the similarity in the signal source candidate condition selecting means according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 12A shows an example when a sound (explosive sound is assumed) is generated in the region R5.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects one of a plurality of "combined data" stored in the combined data storage means 115 and the phase difference signal actually measured by the DAS device.
  • the "vibration amplitude data" converted into the strain signal by the processing means 113 is compared.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 uses template matching to compare the synthetic data of each of the regions R1 to R9 with the vibration amplitude data.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 may visualize the degree of similarity obtained as a result of the comparison.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 uses template matching to compare the synthetic data of the region R1 and the vibration amplitude data. As a result, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 acquires "73" as the degree of similarity. Next, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 compares the combined data of the region R2 and the amplitude data. As a result, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 acquires "65” as the degree of similarity. After that, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 compares the combined data of the regions R3 to R9 with the vibration amplitude data to acquire the degree of similarity.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects synthesized data with the highest degree of similarity from among the acquired degrees of similarity.
  • the synthetic data with the highest degree of similarity is the synthetic data of region R5. Therefore, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 estimates the region R5 as the position of the sound source as the signal source candidate position estimation result.
  • FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram exemplifying the degree of similarity in the signal source candidate condition selecting means according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 12B shows an example when a sound (explosive sound is assumed) is generated in the region R3.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 uses template matching to compare the synthesized data and the amplitude data for each of the regions R1 to R9, and finds the similarity between the regions R1 to R9. get.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects synthesized data with the highest degree of similarity, that is, synthesized data with a degree of similarity of "39" from among the obtained degrees of similarity. Since the area corresponding to the synthesized data with the similarity of "39" is the area R3, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 estimates the area R3 as the position of the sound source as the signal source candidate position estimation result.
  • FIG. 12C is a schematic diagram exemplifying the degree of similarity in the signal source candidate condition selecting means according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 12C shows an example when a sound (explosive sound is assumed) is generated in the region R7.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 uses template matching to compare the synthesized data and the amplitude data of each of the regions R1 to R9, and calculates the similarity of the regions R1 to R9. get.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects synthesized data with the highest degree of similarity, that is, synthesized data with a degree of similarity of "45” from among the obtained degrees of similarity. Since the area corresponding to the synthesized data with the similarity of "45" is the area R7, the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 estimates the area R7 as the position of the sound source as the signal source candidate position estimation result.
  • FIG. 12D is a schematic diagram exemplifying the degree of similarity in the signal source candidate condition selecting means according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 12D shows an example when a sound (explosive sound is assumed) is generated in the region R4.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 uses template matching to compare the synthesized data and the amplitude data for each of the regions R1 to R9, and determines the similarity between the regions R1 to R9. get.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 114 selects synthesized data with the highest degree of similarity, that is, synthesized data with a degree of similarity of "49" from among the obtained degrees of similarity. Since the region corresponding to the synthesized data with the degree of similarity of "49" is region R4, signal source candidate condition selection means 114 estimates region R4 as the position of the sound source as the signal source candidate position estimation result.
  • ⁇ Features> features of the first embodiment are shown below.
  • a theoretical model with input of the laying state of the optical fiber, the waveform of the vibration source, and the gauge length is used to simulate a plurality of signal source candidates prepared in advance.
  • the condition (position) of the vibration source with the highest similarity between the synthetic data obtained by simulating the optical fiber sensing data and the actually measured data is selected.
  • the condition (position) resulting from the selection is set as the generation position of the signal source.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a signal processing device according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating divided spaces according to the second embodiment.
  • the signal processing device 21 according to the second embodiment has a plurality of meshes obtained by further dividing the first divided space into a mesh shape, compared to the signal processing device 11 according to the first embodiment. The difference is that a predetermined signal source candidate position is selected from the second divided space and the predetermined signal source candidate position is estimated to be the signal generation position.
  • the signal source candidate condition selecting means 214 selects predetermined signal source candidate positions (sound source position ). After that, in the second stage, the signal source candidate condition selection means 214 feeds back the predetermined signal source candidate positions to the signal source candidate generation means 211, and further subdivides the space containing the estimated predetermined signal source candidate positions into meshes. The signal generation position is estimated again from the divided space (second divided space).
  • ⁇ Action> 15 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the signal processing device according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating divided spaces according to the second embodiment.
  • the signal source candidate generation means 211 uses the signal source information to further enumerate the signal source candidate conditions based on the signal source candidate conditions (step S201).
  • candidate conditions of the sound source coordinates x s (x s , y s , z s ) are listed. That is, as shown in FIG. 16, when a region R5 is input as a signal source candidate position among the regions R1 to R9 in the specific example of the first embodiment, a predetermined space (region) R5 is made into a mesh. Then, regions R5-1 to R5-9, which are candidate conditions for signal sources, are listed.
  • the synthetic data generating means 212 generates all patterns of signal sources for the number of corresponding candidate conditions (step S202).
  • a region R5 (first divided space) including the estimated predetermined signal source candidate position is fed back to the signal source candidate generating means 211 .
  • the signal source candidate generating means 211 further subdivides and divides the region R5 into meshes to create new signal source candidate positions (regions R5-1 to R5-9), which are divided into a plurality of second divisions. space).
  • (Procedure 3) Calculation (simulation) is performed for the regions R5-1 to R5-9 to generate and store synthetic data.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means 214 selects a predetermined signal source candidate position from among the plurality of second divided spaces, estimates the predetermined signal source candidate position as the signal generation position, and outputs the signal source candidate position. do. (Procedure 5) Repeat (Procedure 1) to (Procedure 4) until a predetermined accuracy is achieved.
  • the signal processing device 21 according to Embodiment 2 estimates the approximate area of the signal generation position in the first stage, and estimates the signal generation position in more detail from the estimated area in the second stage. As a result, the signal processing device 21 according to the second embodiment can estimate the signal generation position (the position of the signal source) more precisely than the signal processing device 11 according to the first embodiment.
  • the signal processing device 21 according to Embodiment 2 As a method of estimating the signal generation position with high accuracy, there is also a method of subdividing the entire predetermined space into fine meshes in the first stage. In this method, it is necessary to store synthesized data corresponding to the subdivided data, and the storage capacity must be increased.
  • the combined data generation means 212 according to Embodiment 2 divides only the region (space) including the predetermined signal source candidate position estimated in the first step in the second step, so that the entire predetermined space is Storage capacity can be reduced compared to the division method.
  • analysis can be performed in consideration of the dependency of the optical fiber laying condition and the setting of the gauge length, which are characteristics unique to optical fiber sensing. Since the embodiment does not presuppose the collection of actual measurement data in advance, it is possible to estimate the generation position of the signal source with high accuracy for unknown data. Since the embodiment can be used together with a technique based on acoustic arrival time detection for estimating the position of the signal source, the estimation accuracy can be further improved. For example, according to the embodiment, the estimation range is determined by template matching with synthetic data, and then detailed position estimation is performed using only measurement points with a high signal-to-noise ratio within the estimation range. can be done. Embodiments are applicable to systems for detecting the location of anomalous acoustic signal sources and for estimating the velocity of signal sources from mobile objects traveling along optical fibers.
  • the present invention has been described as a hardware configuration in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the present invention can also be realized by causing a CPU (Central Processing Unit) to execute a computer program to process each component.
  • a CPU Central Processing Unit
  • Non-transitory computer readable media include various types of tangible storage media.
  • Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic recording media (specifically flexible disks, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives), magneto-optical recording media (specifically magneto-optical discs), CD-ROMs (Read Only Memory ), CD-R, CD-R/W, semiconductor memory (specifically, mask ROM, PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable PROM)), flash ROM, and RAM (Random Access Memory).
  • the program may also be delivered to the computer on various types of transitory computer readable medium. Examples of transitory computer-readable media include electrical signals, optical signals, and electromagnetic waves. Transitory computer-readable media can deliver the program to the computer via wired channels, such as wires and optical fibers, or wireless channels.
  • signal source candidate generation means for generating a plurality of signal source candidate positions
  • Synthetic data generation for calculating a distortion signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber laying information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of signal source candidate positions.
  • the signal source candidate generation means generates a plurality of positions in a plurality of first divided spaces obtained by dividing a predetermined space including the optical fiber in a mesh pattern, or a plurality of positions along the optical fiber, into a plurality of the signal sources.
  • the signal source candidate condition selecting means selects the predetermined signal source candidate position from among the plurality of the first divided spaces, and estimates the predetermined signal source candidate position to be the signal generation position.
  • the signal processing device according to appendix 1. (Appendix 3)
  • the signal source candidate generating means generates a plurality of second divided spaces by further dividing the first divided space including the predetermined signal source candidate position into a mesh pattern
  • the signal source candidate condition selecting means selects the predetermined signal source candidate position from among the plurality of the second divided spaces, and estimates the predetermined signal source candidate position to be the signal generation position.
  • the signal processing device according to appendix 2.
  • the optical fiber installation information advances in a straight line in a first direction from a starting point by a first length, draws a circle with a circumference of a second length, and forms a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • a circle having a perimeter of said second length proceeding in a direction opposite to said first direction by said first length, and proceeding in a direction opposite to said first direction by said perimeter.
  • the signal processing device according to any one of appendices 1 to 4.
  • Appendix 6 further comprising synthetic data storage means for storing the calculated plurality of distortion signals; 6.
  • the signal processing device according to any one of Appendices 1 to 5.
  • the combined data storage means associates and stores the optical fiber installation information, the optical fiber gauge length, the signal source candidate position, and the distortion signal obtained as a result of the calculation.
  • the signal processing device according to appendix 6.
  • the signal source candidate generation means generates a plurality of the signal source candidate positions based on the optical fiber installation information. 8.
  • the signal processing device according to any one of appendices 1 to 7.
  • the signal source candidate condition selection means is a selection range for selecting the predetermined strain signal from the plurality of strain signals calculated based on the optical fiber laying information and the optical fiber gauge length of the optical fiber to which the optical pulse signal is input; squeeze, 9.
  • the signal processing device according to any one of appendices 1 to 8.
  • the distributed acoustic sensing device comprises: phase difference detection means for detecting a phase difference signal of backscattered light in the optical fiber gauge length section when the optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber;
  • the signal processing device is signal source candidate generation means for generating a plurality of signal source candidate positions; Synthetic data generation for calculating a distortion signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber laying information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of signal source candidate positions.
  • the signal source candidate generation means generates a plurality of positions in a plurality of first divided spaces obtained by dividing a predetermined space including the optical fiber in a mesh pattern, or a plurality of positions along the optical fiber, into a plurality of the signal sources.
  • the signal source candidate condition selecting means selects the predetermined signal source candidate position from among the plurality of the first divided spaces, and estimates the predetermined signal source candidate position to be the signal generation position.
  • the system of clause 10. (Appendix 12) generating a plurality of candidate signal source locations; calculating a distorted signal caused by a signal generated from a signal source distorting an optical fiber based on a plurality of optical fiber installation information, a plurality of optical fiber gauge lengths, and a plurality of the signal source candidate positions; inputting a phase difference signal of backscattered light in an optical fiber gauge length section when an optical pulse signal is input to the optical fiber, and converting the phase difference signal into a strain signal; selecting a predetermined distorted signal having the highest degree of similarity to the transformed distorted signal from among the plurality of calculated distorted signals; selecting from source candidate locations and estimating the predetermined signal source candidate location to be the source location of the signal; How to prepare.
  • System 11 Signal Processing Device 111: Signal Source Candidate Generating Means 112: Synthetic Data Generating Means 113: Measured Data Processing Means 114: Signal Source Candidate Condition Selecting Means 115: Synthetic Data Storage Means 12: Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Apparatus G: Gauge length ⁇ L: Strain of optical fiber ⁇ : Phase difference signal R1, R5, R9: Area

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JP2016099249A (ja) * 2014-11-21 2016-05-30 住友電気工業株式会社 光ファイバセンサシステム
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