WO2023156865A1 - Détermination de la profondeur de décharge de batteries alcalines - Google Patents

Détermination de la profondeur de décharge de batteries alcalines Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023156865A1
WO2023156865A1 PCT/IB2023/050843 IB2023050843W WO2023156865A1 WO 2023156865 A1 WO2023156865 A1 WO 2023156865A1 IB 2023050843 W IB2023050843 W IB 2023050843W WO 2023156865 A1 WO2023156865 A1 WO 2023156865A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
depth
electrochemical cells
discharge
alkaline electrochemical
alkaline
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2023/050843
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin D. DONAKOWSKI
Kaimin Chen
Original Assignee
Medtronic, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US18/095,287 external-priority patent/US20230258732A1/en
Application filed by Medtronic, Inc. filed Critical Medtronic, Inc.
Priority to CN202380021405.0A priority Critical patent/CN118679592A/zh
Publication of WO2023156865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023156865A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/54—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of silver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is generally related to batteries. More specifically, the present technology relates to depth of discharge determination for alkaline batteries.
  • Electrochemical cells can be used in a variety of medical equipment such as implantable medical devices, ventilators, surgical staplers, medical monitoring equipment, etc. Some electrochemical cells can be recharged to allow repeated use of the electrochemical cells and extend the useful life of such electrochemical cells
  • the present disclosure describes, among other things, methods for determining depth of discharge of electrochemical cells and systems comprising electrochemical cells and configured to determine depth of discharge of the electrochemical cells.
  • the electrochemical cells may be alkaline electrochemical cells.
  • the alkaline electrochemical cells may comprise Ag2O-Zn.
  • Systems that comprise the electrochemical cells may include medical equipment.
  • the present disclosure describes a method comprising: (i) providing one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; (ii) applying a varying voltage potential to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells, (iii) measuring an output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells, the output current response comprising a phase response as a function of frequency; and (iv) determining a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells based on a linear relationship of the depth of discharge with the phase response.
  • Measuring the output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprises measuring the phase response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells using impedance spectroscopy.
  • the method may further comprise determining whether the depth of discharge is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. If it is determined that the depth of discharge is not less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the one or more electrochemical cells may be determined to be defective.
  • the predetermined threshold may be 50%.
  • the method may further comprise determining whether the one or more electrochemical cells have enough power for a predetermined application based on the depth of discharge.
  • the phase angle may decrease as a function of depth of discharge at frequencies in a predetermined range.
  • the predetermined range may be about 0.001 Hz to about 10 Hz.
  • the method may further comprise determining the linear relationship based on one or more parameters of the alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • the present disclosure describes a system comprising: (1) one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; (ii) a source configured to provide a varying voltage potential to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; (iii) a detector configured to measure an output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells, the output current response comprising a phase response as a function of frequency; and (iv) an analyzer configured to determine a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells based on a linear relationship of the depth of discharge with the phase response.
  • the detector may be configured to measure the phase response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells using impedance spectroscopy.
  • the analyzer may be further configured to determine whether the depth of discharge is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
  • the present disclosure described a method comprising: (i) providing one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; (ii) applying a one or more current pulses to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; (iii) measuring one or more resistance values of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells during the one or more constant-current pulses; and (iv) determining whether a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold based on the one or more resistance values.
  • the one or more current pulses may be in a range of about 0.5 mA to about 8 mA.
  • the method may further comprise determining whether the depth of discharge is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. If it is determined that the depth of discharge is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the one or more electrochemical cells may be determined to be defective.
  • the predetermined threshold may be 50%.
  • the method may further comprise determining whether the one or more electrochemical cells have enough power for a predetermined application based on the depth of discharge.
  • the present disclosure describes a system comprising: (i) one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; (ii) a source configured to apply a one or more current pulses to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; (iii) a detector configured to measure one or more resistance values of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells during the one or more current pulses; and (iv) an analyzer configured to determine whether a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is greater than a predetermined threshold based on the one or more resistance values.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate processes for determining the depth of discharge of a battery based on a phase response in accordance with embodiments described herein;
  • FIG. 2 shows phase angle as a function of frequency for silver-oxide coin cells as a function of depth of discharge in accordance with embodiments described herein;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a linear relationship of the phase in degrees with the depth of discharge at 0.1 Hz in accordance with embodiments described herein;
  • FIGS. 4 A and 4B show processes for determining the depth of discharge of electrochemical cells using DC energy in accordance with embodiments described herein;
  • FIGS. 5 A and 5B illustrate an example where different currents were intermittently applied to the batteries while the batteries are being discharged in accordance with embodiments described herein;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a system that is capable of performing the processes described herein.
  • the determination of the amount of energy remaining may be used to determine reliability and future use of batteries.
  • the battery is discharged.
  • the depth of discharge refers to the percent of the battery’s energy (or capacity) that has been used;
  • State of charge (SoC) refers to the percent of the battery’s energy (or capacity) that has not been used.
  • Alkaline batteries such as alkaline silver-oxide (Ag2O-Zn) batteries can be difficult to determine the percent of energy used as the cells may have similar electrical signals at many states of charge.
  • the systems and methods described herein may allow screening of batteries before usage, assembly, and/or implant. Accordingly, systems and methods described herein may decrease the risk of a faulty or depleted battery being implanted in a patient. Additionally, such systems and methods may reduce scrap by screening out faulty batteries before use in production and/or device builds.
  • the methods described herein can be implemented for batteries for many different applications.
  • the batteries described herein are configured to be used in implantable medical devices.
  • the implantable medical devices may include pacemakers.
  • Impedance spectroscopy employs alternating current and evaluates the electrical response as a function of frequency.
  • Implementation of impedance spectroscopy on silver-oxide batteries shows a correspondence of the depth of discharge with the phase response at certain frequencies used. This correspondence can be used to determine the depth of discharge.
  • the non-destructive impedance spectroscopy can be used on a coin cell. Impedance spectroscopy returns a phase value as a function of frequency. According to embodiments described herein, the phase angle measured through alternating current impedance spectroscopy responds approximately linearly as a function of depth of discharge. The approximately linear response may allow determination of a cell depth of discharge before use to determine the batteries health and fitness for use. Impedance spectroscopy provides a non-destructive test that can be performed in seconds. Impedance spectroscopy can be performed as part of a manufacturing process to ensure that the battery will have enough energy for use and is functioning properly based on the determined depth of discharge.
  • the correlation between depth of discharge and the phase response of impedance spectroscopy can also be used to assess self-discharge of the silver-oxide battery. For example, by measuring the phase angle of the battery, and determining the corresponding depth of discharge, the amount of capacity depleted since the time of manufacture of the cell can be determined to estimate the self-discharge rate, which can be defined as the fraction of the original cell capacity lost over a calendar period, e.g., years or days.
  • the specific correlation or linear relationship between depth of discharge and the phase response of impedance spectroscopy may depend on one or more parameters of the silver-oxide battery.
  • Such parameters may include, for example, a manufacturing processes, a battery size, one or more additives, battery chemistry, or other battery parameters that can vary.
  • an initial phase angle at a low depth of discharge (e.g., 0% depth of discharge to 5% depth of discharge) of a first silver-oxide battery from one manufacturer may be greater than an initial phase angle of a second silver-oxide battery from another manufacturer.
  • the first silver-oxide battery may, for example, include an additive that differs from the second silver-oxide battery.
  • the linear relationship of depth of discharge may be determined based on a predetermined initial phase response or a predetermined phase response model.
  • An initial phase response or a phase response model may be predetermined based on any suitable parameter of silveroxide batteries.
  • an initial phase response or a phase response model may be determined for each manufacturer, for each additive (or combinations of additives), for each size, or other parameter of silver-oxide batteries.
  • each predetermined initial phase response or predetermined phase response model may correspond to a parameter of silver-oxide batteries.
  • the linear relationship of the depth of discharge may be determined based on one or more parameters of a silver-oxide battery and the corresponding predetermined initial phase response or predetermined phase response model.
  • Example Exl A method, comprising: providing one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; applying a varying voltage potential to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; measuring an output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells, the output current response comprising a phase response as a function of frequency; and determining a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells based on a linear relationship of the depth of discharge with the phase response.
  • Example Ex2 The method as in example Exl, wherein measuring the output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprises measuring the phase response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells using impedance spectroscopy.
  • Example Ex3 The method as in any one of the previous examples, further comprising determining whether the depth of discharge is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
  • Example Ex4 The method as in example Ex3, wherein if it is determined that the depth of discharge is not less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, determining that the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells are defective.
  • Example Ex5 The method as in any one of examples Ex3 or Ex4, wherein the predetermined threshold is 50%.
  • Example Ex6 The method as in any one of the previous examples, further comprising determining whether the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells have enough power for a predetermined application based on the depth of discharge.
  • Example Ex7 The method as in any one of the previous examples, wherein a phase angle decreases as a function of depth of discharge at frequencies in a predetermined range.
  • Example Ex8 The method as in example Ex7, wherein the predetermined range is about 0.001 Hz to about 10 Hz.
  • Example Ex9 The method as in any one of the previous examples, further comprising determining the linear relationship based on one or more parameters of the alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • Example ExlO A system, comprising: one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; a supply configured to provide a varying voltage potential to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; a detector configured to measure an output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells, the output current response comprising a phase response as a function of frequency; and an analyzer configured to determine a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells based on a linear relationship of the depth of discharge with the phase response.
  • Example Exl 1 The system as in example ExlO, wherein the detector is configured to measure the phase response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells using impedance spectroscopy.
  • Example Exl2 The system as in any one of examples ExlO or Exl l, wherein the analyzer is further configured to determine whether the depth of discharge is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
  • Example Exl3 A method, comprising: providing one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; applying a one or more current pulses to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; measuring one or more resistance values of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells during the one or more current pulses; and determining whether a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold based on the one or more resistance values.
  • Example Exl4 The method as in example Exl3, further comprising measuring a voltage of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells at least before and during application of the one or more current pulses.
  • Example Exl 5 The method as in example Ex 14, wherein measuring the one or more resistance values comprises calculating the one or more resistance values based on the measured voltage.
  • Example Exl6 The method as in any one of examples Exl3 to Exl5, wherein the one or more current pulses are in a range of about 0.5 mA to about 8 mA.
  • Example Exl 7 The method as in any one of examples Ex 13 to Ex 16, wherein if it is determined that the depth of discharge is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, determining that the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells are defective.
  • Example Exl8 The method as in any one of examples Exl3 to Exl7, wherein the predetermined threshold is 50%.
  • Example Exl 9 The method as in any one of examples Ex 13 to Exl 8, further comprising determining whether the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells have enough power for a predetermined application based on the depth of discharge.
  • Example Ex20 A system, comprising: one or more alkaline electrochemical cells comprising Ag2O-Zn; a supply configured to apply a one or more current pulses to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells; a detector configured to measure one or more resistance values of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells during the one or more current pulses; and an analyzer configured to determine whether a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is greater than a predetermined threshold based on the one or more resistance values.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a process for determining the depth of discharge of a battery based on a phase response in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • One or more alkaline electrochemical cells are provided 110.
  • the alkaline electrochemical cells comprise Ag2O-Zn.
  • a varying voltage potential is applied 120 to the one or more electrochemical cells.
  • the varying voltage potential may be a sinusoidal voltage at one or more frequencies.
  • the one or more frequencies may be in a range of about 0.1 Hz to about 2 Hz.
  • An output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is measured 130.
  • the output current response includes a phase response as a function of frequency.
  • the output current response may be measured by measuring the phase response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells using impedance spectroscopy.
  • a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is determined 140.
  • the depth of discharge may be based on a linear relationship of the depth of discharge with the phase response.
  • a phase angle decreases as a function of depth of discharge at frequencies in a predetermined range.
  • the linear relationship may be based on a one or more parameters of the alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • the one or more parameters may correspond to one of a plurality of predetermined initial phase responses that can be used to provide an offset to the linear relationship.
  • the one or more parameters may correspond to one of a plurality of predetermined phase response models that can be used to define the linear relationship.
  • the predetermined range may be about 0.001 Hz to about 10 Hz. Further, the predetermined range may be about 0.01 Hz to about 5 Hz. Still further, the predetermined range may be about 0.1 Hz to about 2 Hz.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a process for determining whether the depth of discharge of the one or more electrochemical cells are suitable for a predetermined application in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • One or more alkaline electrochemical cells are provided 150.
  • a varying voltage potential is applied 160 to the one or more electrochemical cells.
  • An output current response of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is measured 170.
  • a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells are determined 180. The depth of discharge may be based on a linear relationship of the depth of discharge with the phase response.
  • the linear relationship may be based on a one or more parameters of the alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • the one or more parameters may correspond to one of a plurality of predetermined initial phase responses that can be used to provide an offset to the linear relationship.
  • the one or more parameters may correspond to one of a plurality of predetermined phase response models that can be used to define the linear relationship.
  • the predetermined threshold may be based on an amount of energy needed for a particular application. In some cases, the predetermined threshold is based on a generic predetermined threshold. The predetermined threshold may be in a range from about 0% to about 50%, such as from about 0% to about 30%.
  • the depth of discharge is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it may be determined 194 that the electrochemical cells do have enough energy for the particular application. In some cases, if it is determined that the depth of discharge is not less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it may be determined that the electrochemical cells are defective. If it is determined 190 that the depth of discharge is not less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it is determined 192 that the electrochemical cells do not have enough energy for the particular application.
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph 200 of one example of impedance spectroscopy for silveroxide coin cells as a function of depth of discharge in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • the graph includes an x-axis that depicts a frequency of the applied voltage, a y-axis that depicts a resulting phase angle (e.g., phase response), symbols that each correspond to a depth of discharge of an electrochemical cell, and a legend 202.
  • a cell number is represented by the first three numbers listed next to each symbol and the depth of discharge as a percentage is represented by the last three numbers listed next to the symbols in the legend 202.
  • the number next to the large solid square in the legend 202 is 063-050 and corresponds to a cell number of 063 and a depth of discharge of 50%.
  • the phase angle e.g., phase response
  • the phase angle decreases as a function of the depth of discharge. Accordingly, such low frequencies ( ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 2 Hz) can be used to determine a depth of discharge based on the resulting phase angle or response.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph 300 that illustrates a linear relationship of a phase response in degrees with a depth of discharge at 0.1 Hz in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • the x-axis of the graph 300 depicts the depth of discharge as a percentage and the y-axis of the graph 300 depicts the phase response in degrees.
  • Linear relationships such as the linear relationship depicted in graph 300 can be used to determine the depth of discharge based on the determined phase.
  • the amount of energy remaining in a battery or the depth of discharge of the battery may be determined using direct current (DC) energy.
  • FIG. 4A shows a process or method 400 for determining the depth of discharge of electrochemical cells using DC energy in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • One or more alkaline electrochemical cells are provided 410.
  • the alkaline cells comprise Ag2O-Zn
  • One or more current pulses are applied 420 to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells.
  • the one or more current pulses may be in a range of about 0.5 mA to about 8 mA. Additionally, the one or more current pulses may have a pulse duration in a range of about 1 second to about 10 seconds. In one or more embodiments, the one or more current pulses may have a pulse duration of about five seconds.
  • One or more current pulses may be applied to each of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells. Accordingly, current pulses applied to each of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells may be in a range of about 0.5 mA to about 8 mA.
  • a plurality of electrochemical cells may be arranged in parallel and one or more current pulses may be applied such that a current pulse in a range of about 0.5 mA to about 8 mA is applied to each of the plurality of electrochemical cells. Additionally, each of the one or more current pulses may be applied with a pulse duration in a range of about 1 second to about 10 seconds.
  • One or more resistance values of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells are measured 430 during the one or more current pulses.
  • a voltage potential of the one or more electrochemical cells are measured at least one of before and after the one or more current pulses are applied.
  • measuring 430 the one or more resistance values comprises measuring the one or more resistance values based on the measured voltage.
  • a depth of discharge of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells is determined 440 to be less than or equal to a predetermined threshold based on the one or more resistance values.
  • the relationship between the resistance values and the depth of discharge may depend on one or more parameters of the alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • parameters may include, for example, a manufacturing processes, a battery or electrochemical cell size, one or more additives, battery or electrochemical cell chemistry, or other battery or electrochemical cell parameters that can vary.
  • the determining the one or more electrochemical cells is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold may be based on one or more parameters of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a process or method 442 for determining whether the depth of discharge of the one or more electrochemical cells are suitable for a predetermined application in accordance with embodiments described herein.
  • One or more alkaline electrochemical cells are provided 450.
  • One or more current pulses are applied 460 to the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells.
  • One or more resistance values of the one or more alkaline electrochemical cells are measured 470 during the one or more current pulses.
  • the predetermined threshold may be based on an amount of energy needed for a particular application. In some cases, the predetermined threshold is based on a generic predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined threshold may be from about 0% to about 50% depth of discharge. In one embodiment, the predetermined threshold may be from about 0% to about 30% depth of discharge.
  • the depth of discharge is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it may be determined 494 that the electrochemical cells do have enough energy for the particular application. In some cases, if it is determined that the depth of discharge is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it may be determined that the electrochemical cells are not defective. If it is determined 490 that the depth of discharge is not less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it is determined 492 that the electrochemical cells do not have enough energy for the particular application.
  • FIGS. 5 A and 5B illustrate an example of various currents intermittently applied to the silver-oxide batteries while such batteries are discharged at about 30 pA.
  • FIG. 5A shows a graph 500 that depicts a measured resistance of the silver-oxide batteries as a function of depth of discharge. The graph 500 depicts the depth of discharge as a percentage on the x- axis and the measured resistance in ohms on the y-axis.
  • FIG. 5B shows a graph 510 that depicts the measured voltage during the application of a current pulse as a function of depth of discharge. The graph 510 depicts the depth of discharge as a percentage on the x-axis and the measured voltage in Volts on the y-axis.
  • a first voltage of the battery may be measured without application of a current pulse and a second voltage of the battery may be measured while a current pulse (e.g., 2 mA) is applied.
  • a measured resistance value can be calculated by dividing the difference in first voltage and the second voltage by the value of the current pulse (e.g., 2 mA). Accordingly, the voltage measured during applied current pulses can provide the criteria or can be extrapolated to a “resistance” value to allow comparison to other techniques.
  • a trend can be observed in the graphs 500, 510 of FIGS.
  • a measured resistance of the cells may be less than about 1.545 Volts after application of a 2 mA pulse when the cells have been discharged at or more than 50%.
  • graphs 500, 510 of FIGS. 5 A and 5B depict an example of silver-oxide batteries from a single manufacturer resulting in a threshold of 20 Ohms and/or 1.545 Volts, similar processes or methods can be used to determine a threshold based on any suitable parameter or parameters of silver-oxide batteries.
  • Such parameters may include, for example, a manufacturing process, a battery size, one or more additives, or other battery parameters of silver-oxide batteries that can vary.
  • the approach illustrated in graphs 500, 510 of FIGS. 5A and 5B may be used alone or in combination with other techniques to determine the depth of discharge. Combining this current pulse approach with other tests such as, for example, measurements of one or more of measuring open circuit voltage, measuring voltage after multiple pulses at different rates, measuring voltages after pulses at different durations, and/or using constant-voltage pulsing may allow for greater testing of the energy remaining in a battery.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a system 600 that is capable of performing the processes (e.g., processes or methods 100, 142, 400, 442) described herein.
  • the system 600 includes a supply 610 that may be configured to supply one or more of a varying voltage potential and one or more current pulses to an electrochemical cell 620.
  • the system 600 further includes a detector 630 that may be used to measure one or more of an output current response and one or more resistance values of the electrochemical cell.
  • the system 600 includes an analyzer 640 that may be configured to determine a depth of discharge of the electrochemical cell based on one or more of an output current response of a impedance spectroscopy or one or more resistance values determined using DC energy (e.g., current pulses).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de détermination d'une profondeur de décharge d'une cellule électrochimique consiste (i) à fournir une ou plusieurs cellules électrochimiques alcalines comprenant de l'Ag2O-Zn ; (ii) à appliquer un potentiel de tension variable à la ou aux cellules électrochimiques alcalines, (iii) à mesurer une réponse de courant de sortie de la ou des cellules électrochimiques alcalines, la réponse de courant de sortie comprenant une réponse de phase en fonction de la fréquence ; et (iv) à déterminer une profondeur de décharge de la ou des cellules électrochimiques alcalines sur la base d'une relation linéaire de la profondeur de décharge avec la réponse de phase.
PCT/IB2023/050843 2022-02-15 2023-01-31 Détermination de la profondeur de décharge de batteries alcalines WO2023156865A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202380021405.0A CN118679592A (zh) 2022-02-15 2023-01-31 碱性电池的放电深度确定

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263310316P 2022-02-15 2022-02-15
US63/310,316 2022-02-15
US18/095,287 US20230258732A1 (en) 2022-02-15 2023-01-10 Depth of discharge determination of alkaline batteries
US18/095,287 2023-01-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023156865A1 true WO2023156865A1 (fr) 2023-08-24

Family

ID=85199056

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2023/050843 WO2023156865A1 (fr) 2022-02-15 2023-01-31 Détermination de la profondeur de décharge de batteries alcalines

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023156865A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4743855A (en) * 1983-12-12 1988-05-10 Randin Jean Paul Method of and apparatus for measuring the state of discharge of a battery
US20140218042A1 (en) * 2012-01-31 2014-08-07 Primearth Ev Energy Co., Ltd. Battery state detection device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4743855A (en) * 1983-12-12 1988-05-10 Randin Jean Paul Method of and apparatus for measuring the state of discharge of a battery
US20140218042A1 (en) * 2012-01-31 2014-08-07 Primearth Ev Energy Co., Ltd. Battery state detection device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RANDIN JEAN-PAUL: "Determination of state-of-discharge of zinc-silver oxide button cells. III. In situ impedance measurements of each electrode", JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 1 July 1985 (1985-07-01), Heidelberg, pages 591 - 601, XP093049044, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01059301.pdf?pdf=button> [retrieved on 20230524], DOI: 10.1007/BF01059301 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1918729B1 (fr) Test de pronostic de batterie au lithium ion et procédé
TWI286218B (en) Method for determining state-of-health of batteries
US10302709B2 (en) Battery state-of-health determination using multi-factor normalization
CN102859378A (zh) 藉由电化学阻抗频谱的电池原位诊断方法
US20020036504A1 (en) Integrated conductance and load test based electronic battery tester
CN107064776B (zh) 一种对医疗设备电路板进行可靠性试验的系统及方法
Sarasketa-Zabala et al. Validation of the methodology for lithium-ion batteries lifetime prognosis
Muhammad et al. Assessment of spent EV batteries for second-life application
Sadabadi et al. Design and calibration of a semi-empirical model for capturing dominant aging mechanisms of a PbA battery
US11933856B2 (en) Cross spectral impedance assessment for cell qualification
US11714056B2 (en) Multispectral impedance measurements across strings of interconnected cells
WO2020207904A1 (fr) Procédé pour améliorer un modèle de module de batterie d&#39;un type de module de batterie
CN103529395B (zh) 动力电池组的冷启动功率评估方法
CN108196204A (zh) 一种快速检测锂离子电池自放电一致性的方法及测试装置
WO2023156865A1 (fr) Détermination de la profondeur de décharge de batteries alcalines
US20230258732A1 (en) Depth of discharge determination of alkaline batteries
CN113167835A (zh) 用于确定电池最大使用持续时间的方法和装置
Astafev The measurement of electrochemical noise of a Li-ion battery during charge-discharge cycling
CN117706363A (zh) 一种光伏储能电池健康状态监控系统及方法
CN118679592A (zh) 碱性电池的放电深度确定
DE102018108184A1 (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung des Zustands eines Akkumulators sowie Computerprogramm
CN118556009A (zh) 用于电动汽车电池系统再制造的评估系统及其操作方法
CN117112403A (zh) 一种产品自动化测试方法、装置、系统及光伏设备
US6154033A (en) Method and apparatus for analyzing nickel-cadmium batteries
TWI452303B (zh) 電池健康狀態估測方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23703887

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1