WO2023155833A1 - Flexible electronic material, breathable moisture-permeable electronic element, flexible circuit, and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of flexible electronic materials and flexible circuits. Disclosed are a flexible electronic material, a breathable moisture-permeable electronic element, a flexible circuit, and a method. The flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive region and an insulating region, the conductive region is made of an ink-absorbing material, fiber, or yarn, and the insulating region is made of an ink-repellent material, fiber, or yarn. The ink-absorbing material, fiber, or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn capable of adsorbing a conductive ink, and is capable of diffusing the conductive ink by means of a capillary force; and the ink-repellent material, fiber, or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb the conducive ink, and which can inhibit the diffusion of the conductive ink, the conductive ink being oil-based or water-based. According to the present invention, the problem of needing to frequently replace a template, silk screen, or ink box in conventional printing technology is solved, the method can be combined with various textile technologies or 3D printing technologies, the technology is mature, and the costs are low. In addition, inherent properties such as the stretchability, bendability, breathability, and moisture-permeability of a textile structure are retained.

Description

Flexible electronic material, air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic component, flexible circuit and method technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of flexible electronic materials and flexible circuits, in particular to a flexible electronic material and a preparation method thereof, as well as air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components, flexible circuits and intelligent terminals made of the flexible electronic material.

Background technique

In recent years, the preparation of smart terminals such as flexible electronics and smart wearable devices and clothing has attracted widespread attention. Traditional electronic clothing is usually made by implanting displays, sensors or transducers into everyday clothing or by using metal wires. The disadvantage is that the clothing is uncomfortable to wear, and the types of metal wires that are commercially available are limited to stainless steel/polyester blends and silver coated Layer nylon wire, and the conductive layer are easily damaged and worn by the external force of the machine during the manufacturing process, resulting in cracks.

Instead of using metal wires, printing techniques can deposit conductive materials directly on substrates. Screen printing has been widely used to form conductive patterns on fabrics, but requires the use of high concentrations of conductive ink/paste, and one template corresponds to only one pattern, so ink preparation and design flexibility limit the development of this technology. In addition, thicker conductive coatings affect the wearing comfort of wearable devices such as air permeability, moisture permeability, and softness. Although inkjet printing can form a thin conductive layer, because the conductive ink has a very low viscosity, capillary penetration causes the droplets to penetrate the fabric and spread around. Therefore, the pattern resolution of inkjet printing is very poor, which cannot meet the requirements of practical applications. A common solution is to coat the substrate to overcome the rough surface, but it will also reduce the wearing comfort such as air permeability, moisture permeability, and softness, which brings difficulties and challenges to the application and development of printing technology on textiles.

Therefore, there is still a need in the art to develop a more automated way to realize conductive patterns on textile materials, while having clear image quality and maintaining the original fabric structure, air permeability, moisture permeability, softness and other wearing comfort.

Spontaneous realization of conductive patterns by permeating conductive ink in capillary channels is a new method that can replace traditional printing techniques. Hamedi (Hamedi, M.M., Ainla, A., Güder, F., Christodouleas, D.C., Fernández‐Abedul, M.T. and Whitesides, G.M., 2016. Integrating electronics and microfluidics on paper. Advanced Materials, 28(25), pp.5054 -5063) Hydrophobic areas are formed on hydrophilic paper by wax printing technology, so carbon nanotubes and PEDOT:PSS ink can diffuse on paper to form conductive areas. Similarly, Hyun (Hyun, W.J., Secor, E.B., Kim, C.H., Hersam, M.C., Francis, L.F.and Frisbie, C.D., 2017.SCalable, Self‐aligned Printing of Flexible Grady Micr o‐superCapacitors.advanced Energy Materials, 7 (7 (7 ( 17), p.1700285) use a stamp to carve capillary channels on a film covered with a UV curable polymer, and simultaneously cure the pattern with UV light. Graphene ink can permeate in the capillary channel to realize the application of supercapacitor. However, when these technologies are applied to textiles, the polymer will fill the pores between the fibers, significantly reducing the fabric's air permeability, moisture permeability, softness and other wearing comfort.

In view of the above reasons, the present invention provides a flexible electronic material and a preparation method thereof, a breathable and moisture-permeable electronic component made of a flexible electronic material, a flexible circuit and an intelligent terminal. and Ink-repellent materials are combined to form an ink-absorbing area by selecting ink-friendly materials, fibers or yarns, and conductive lines are prepared by diffusing conductive ink by capillary force to achieve a low-loss, low-energy production process and further solve existing problems. The technology fails to balance the problem of controlling the diffusion of conductive ink and maintaining the wearing comfort of flexible electronic materials.

Contents of the invention

In the present invention, the conductive ink with low viscosity and high surface tension is dropped onto the ink-absorbing area by means of pipetting gun, dropper, inkjet printing, screen printing, and dipping. The conductive ink will flow along the ink-absorbing material, fiber Or the yarn spreads until the front end of the solvent touches the ink-repellent area, which will inhibit the further diffusion of the conductive ink to improve the pattern resolution.

A flexible electronic material consisting of a conductive region made of an ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, and an insulating region made of an ink-repellent material, fiber or yarn; the ink-absorbing Materials, fibers or yarns refer to materials, fibers or yarns that can absorb conductive ink, and can diffuse conductive ink through capillary force; the ink-repellent materials, fibers or yarns refer to materials, fibers or yarns that do not absorb conductive ink thread, which can inhibit the spreading of conductive ink, which is oil-based or water-based.

Further, the viscosity of the conductive ink is less than 20cps, the surface tension is greater than 20mN/m, and there are particles or flakes smaller than microns. As preferably, for oil-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-10cps, and the surface tension range is within 30-50mN/m, with nanoscale particles or flakes; for water-based conductive ink, the conductive ink The viscosity range of the ink is within 1-20cps, the surface tension range is within 40-72mN/m, and it has nano-scale particles or flakes.

Further, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn has a contact angle of less than N ₁ °, a yarn with a capillary tilt angle greater than N ₂ ° and an effective capillary radius greater than N ₃ ; the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn Yarns with a contact angle greater than N ₄ °, a capillary tilt angle less than N ₅ °, a curvature greater than N ₆ and an effective capillary radius less than N ₇ . Preferably, N ₁ =30, N ₂ =60, N ₃ =1.5 μm, N ₄ =90, N ₅ =10, N ₆ =2, N ₇ =1 μm.

Further, for oil-based conductive ink, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulose material, cotton fiber or cotton yarn, keratin material, wool fiber or wool yarn, cellulose material, hemp fiber or hemp yarn thread, polyethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or polyester yarn, or polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, and the ink repellent material, fiber or yarn is trifluorosilane-coated material, fiber or yarn, polydimethylsiloxane coated material, fiber or yarn, polyurethane coated material, fiber or yarn, polytetrafluoroethylene coated material, fiber or yarn, or melt spun polyvinylidene fluoride Vinyl material, fiber or yarn; for water-based conductive inks, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulosic material, cotton fiber or yarn, the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn is keratin material, Fiber or yarn, polyethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, or polyamide material or nylon fiber or yarn.

Further, preferably, the oil-based conductive ink refers to nano-silver ink, copper particles, graphene or carbon nanotube ink; the water-based conductive ink refers to graphene oxide, MXene or PEDOT:PSS ink.

Further, the structure of the flexible electronic material is knitted, woven, mixed 3D knitted, mixed 3D woven, non-woven, embroidered, or 3D printed.

Further, the structure of the flexible electronic material is a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional porous electronic material composed of conductive materials and insulating materials.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a flexible electronic material, the flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive region and an insulating region, the conductive region is made of ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, and the insulating region is made of Made of ink-repelling materials, fibers or yarns; the ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns refer to materials, fibers or yarns that can absorb conductive ink, and can diffuse conductive ink through capillary force; the ink-repelling materials, fibers Or yarn refers to the material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb conductive ink, which can inhibit the diffusion of conductive ink; the preparation method of the flexible electronic material includes: using a pipette gun, dropper, inkjet printing, screen printing or The dipping method drops the conductive ink onto the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn spreads the conductive ink to the whole conductive area, the conductive nanoparticles in the conductive ink move and Deposited on the inner surface of the material, the fiber surface or the yarn surface of the conductive region.

Another aspect of the present invention is a breathable and moisture-permeable electronic component made of flexible electronic material, the flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive area and an insulating area, and the conductive area is made of ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, The insulating area is made of ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn; the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and can pass through the capillary of the material, fiber or yarn The conductive ink is diffused by force; the ink repellent material refers to the material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb the conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of the conductive ink. The breathable and moisture-permeable electronic components are made of the flexible electronic material, and the breathable The air permeability of moisture permeable electronic components is at least 7l m ^-2 s, and the moisture permeability is at least 31g m ^-2 day.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of fabricating a breathable and moisture-permeable electronic component from a flexible electronic material, the flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive area and an insulating area, and the conductive area is made of an ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn , the insulating area is made of ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn; the ink-absorbing material refers to a material, fiber or yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and can diffuse conductive ink through the capillary force of the material, fiber or yarn The ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn refers to the material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of conductive ink, and the air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components are made of the flexible electronic material, and the The breathable and moisture-permeable electronic components have an air permeability of at least 7l m ^-2 s, and a moisture permeability of at least 31g m ^-2 day. The method for making breathable and moisture-permeable electronic components from flexible electronic materials includes: using a pipette, a dropper, Inkjet printing, screen printing or dipping method drops the conductive ink onto the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn spreads the conductive ink to the whole conductive area, the conductive The conductive nanoparticles in the ink move and deposit on the material inner surface, fiber surface or yarn surface of the conductive regions.

Another aspect of the present invention is a flexible circuit, the flexible circuit is made of flexible electronic material, the flexible electronic material is composed of conductive area and insulating area, and the conductive area is made of ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn The insulating area is made of ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn; the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn refers to the material, fiber or yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and can diffuse conductive ink through capillary force ; The ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of conductive ink.

Further, the flexible circuit includes resistors, capacitors, sensors or power supplies.

Another aspect of the present invention is an intelligent terminal made of a flexible circuit, the flexible circuit is made of a flexible electronic material or a breathable and moisture-permeable electronic component; when the flexible circuit is made of a breathable and moisture-permeable electronic component , the breathable Moisture-permeable electronic components are made of flexible electronic materials with an air permeability of at least 7l m ^-2 s and a moisture permeability of at least 31g m ^-2 day; said flexible electronic materials are composed of conductive regions and insulating regions The conductive area is made of ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns, and the insulating area is made of ink-repelling materials, fibers or yarns; the ink-absorbing yarns refer to materials, fibers that can absorb conductive ink or yarn, which can diffuse conductive ink through capillary force; the ink-repellent material, fiber or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of conductive ink. The smart terminal is composed of the Made of flexible electronic materials.

Further, the smart terminal refers to wearable devices, smart clothing, smart furniture, and smart devices applied in/on buildings, automobiles, trains, airplanes, ships, spacecraft, workshops or machines.

The present invention provides a technique for spontaneously fabricating flexible electronic materials by designing inks and textiles combined with capillary osmosis, which solves the problem of having to frequently replace templates, screens or ink cartridges in traditional printing techniques. The present invention can also be combined with various textile technologies or 3D printing technologies, so the technology is very mature and the cost is low. At the same time, the process maintains the inherent properties of the textile structure, such as stretchable, bendable, breathable, and moisture-permeable properties.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention for preparing conductive patterns on textiles through capillary osmosis.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic contact between the ink-absorbing yarn and the ink-repelling yarn and the conductive ink.

Figure 3 is the contact angle of oil-based silver ink on cotton, wool, polyester, polypropylene, and nylon.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention combining various textile techniques (weaving, knitting and embroidery) to realize different conductive patterns.

Fig. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of conductive silver particles deposited and attached around cotton fibers in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the resistance and resistance histogram of graphene and silver electrode prepared by the present invention.

Figure 7 shows the flexibility of the electrode prepared in the embodiment of the present invention in the axial and diagonal directions, as well as the air permeability and moisture permeability compared with the traditional cloth treated with polyvinylpyrrolidone, wax, and cellulose.

Fig. 8 is a water washing time-resistance diagram of the silver electrode prepared in the present invention.

Fig. 9 shows that the conductive circuit prepared by the present invention realizes the lighting of the LED lamp.

Fig. 10 is a capacitor prepared by capillary penetration of conductive silver ink in embroidered cotton yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention and its frequency characteristics.

Fig. 11 shows the heatable garment and its performance prepared by capillary penetration of conductive ink in embroidered cotton yarn according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram and performance of a wearable electronic device realized by covering different materials on graphene or silver electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the first embodiment of the present invention for preparing conductive patterns on textiles through capillary osmosis.

1) The ink-absorbing yarn and the ink-repelling yarn form a flexible electronic material. The conductive area of the target is made of ink-absorbent yarn, while the ink-repellent yarn covers the rest of the area. The ink-absorbing yarn is a yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and the ink-repellent yarn is a yarn that does not absorb conductive ink. The ink-absorbing and ink-repelling yarns were judged by the dynamic contact angle of the conductive ink and the yarn (Fig. 2). During the experiment, changing the ink-absorbing yarn to other ink-absorbing materials and ink-absorbing fibers, and changing the ink-repelling yarn to other ink-repelling materials and ink-repelling fibers have the same characteristics. Figure 3 shows the contact angle of oil-based nano-silver ink on cotton, wool, polyester, polypropylene, and nylon, so it can be judged that cotton, wool, and nylon are good ink-absorbing yarns.

Specifically, conductive inks include but are not limited to oil-based nano-silver inks, copper particles, graphene and carbon nanotube inks, and water-based graphene oxide inks, MXene, PEDOT:PSS inks, with appropriate properties, including: viscosity (less than 20cps), surface tension (greater than 20mN/m), less than micron-sized particles/flakes; it is found through experiments that conductive inks preferably have nano-sized particles or flakes, and, as preferred, for oil-based conductive inks, its viscosity The range is within 1-10cps, and the surface tension range is within 30-50mN/m; for water-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-20cps, and the surface tension range is within 40-72mN/m. For oil-based conductive inks, the ink-absorbing yarn is a yarn with a low oil contact angle (<30°), a high capillary tilt angle (>60°) and a large effective capillary radius (>1.5μm) Thread, including: cotton, wool, hemp, polyester, polypropylene and other yarns. The ink-repellent yarn has higher oil contact angle (>90°), lower capillary tilt angle (<10°), larger bending degree (>2) and smaller effective capillary radius (<1 μm), Including: trifluorosilane coated yarn, polydimethylsiloxane coated yarn, polyurethane coated yarn, polytetrafluoroethylene coated yarn, polyvinylidene fluoride yarn, etc.

For water-based conductive inks, ink-absorbing yarns are yarns with lower water contact angle (<30°), higher capillary tilt angle (>60°), and larger effective capillary radius (>1.5μm) Thread, including: cotton, silk yarn. Ink-repellent yarns have higher water contact angle (>90°), lower capillary tilt angle (<10°), larger bending degree (>2) and smaller effective capillary radius (<1μm), including : Wool, polyester, polypropylene, nylon yarn, etc.

Specifically, the structure of flexible electronic materials can be knitted, woven, mixed 3D knitted, mixed 3D woven, non-woven, embroidered, or 3D printed; or composed of conductive materials and insulating materials 2D or 3D porous electronic materials.

2) During the capillary penetration process, the solvent in the ink fills the ink-absorbing area due to the capillary force, and the conductive nanoparticles in the ink will move together with the solvent and deposit on the surface of the fiber. When the front of the liquid touches the ink-repellent yarn, spreading is inhibited.

3) After heating, the conductive region of the target has good conductivity and can realize a variety of flexible circuit applications, such as resistors, capacitors, sensors or power supplies.

4) The present invention can also make various flexible circuits from flexible electronic materials, and then apply flexible circuits to various smart terminals, such as wearable devices, smart clothing, smart furniture, and applications in buildings, automobiles, trains, airplanes, Smart devices in/on ships, spacecraft, workshops or machines.

Please refer to Fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in combination with various textile technologies (weaving, knitting and embroidery) to realize different conductive patterns:

In one embodiment, the conductive pattern was realized by weaving ink-repellent yarn (polydimethylsiloxane-coated yarn) and ink-absorbent yarn (cotton yarn) (Fig. 4d). The conductive ink is dropped in the middle of the cotton yarn, and it can be observed that the ink diffuses to the left and right due to capillary force, and the color of the cotton yarn changes from white to black, while the color of the polydimethylsiloxane-coated yarn does not change. This means that the silver ink will only spread along the cotton yarn.

In one embodiment, the conductive pattern was achieved by alternately knitting ink-repellent yarns (thermoplastic polyurethane coated yarns) and ink-absorbent yarns (wool yarns) (Fig. 4e). In a single jersey construction, two rows of TPU-coated yarn are knitted, followed by two rows of wool yarn, followed by two rows of TPU-coated yarn. Dropping the conductive ink on the wool yarn area can form the expected conductive area through the capillary penetration and the inhibition of the conductive ink by the thermoplastic polyurethane coated yarn.

In one embodiment, the conductive pattern was achieved by embroidering ink-absorbing yarn (cotton yarn) on a fluoride-coated ink-repellent material (Fig. 4f). Drop conductive ink in the square area, the ink will permeate capillary along the direction of the extension line to form a conductive area, and the length of the core line can reach 7 cm.

FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of conductive silver particles deposited and attached around fibers in an example of the present invention. It can be found that silver particles form a dense conductive layer between fibers.

Please refer to Figure 6a, the resistance of the graphene and silver electrodes prepared by the present invention, it can be found that the more conductive ink is used, the lower the resistance. The highest conductivities of graphene and silver electrodes are 4.8 and 3.3×10 ⁴ S/m, respectively. Figure 6b shows the resistance histogram of a batch (72 electrodes) deposited from 20 μl of silver ink. The conductivity accumulated in the range of 1-5×10 ⁴ S/m, indicating the high repeatability of the fabrication process.

Please refer to Fig. 7a-c, the flexibility of the electrode in the axial and oblique direction is prepared for the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7d shows the gas permeability and moisture permeability of the electrode prepared in the present invention, compared with the traditional cloth treated with polyvinylpyrrolidone, wax and cellulose. The results show that although the electrode prepared by the invention can slightly reduce the gas permeability and moisture permeability, the gas permeability is much higher than the surface treatment process of the traditional cloth treatment. In addition, the air permeability of general commercial medical patches is about 7l m ^-2 s (liter meter ^-2 seconds), and the moisture permeability is about 31g m ^-2 day (gramm ^-2 days). Commonly used stretchable flexible electronic substrates Ecoflex and PDMS have an air permeability of about 0l m ^-2 s and a moisture permeability of about 50 g m ^-2 day. The air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components made of the flexible electronic material of the present invention, such as electrodes, not only reach the level of commercial medical patches, but also have an air permeability of 195l m ^-2 s and a moisture permeability of 384g m ^-2 day.

Please refer to Fig. 8, for the water washability of the silver electrode prepared by the present invention, it can be found that after machine washing for 3 hours, the resistance rises from 2.1Ohms/cm to 3.3Ohms/cm, indicating very good washability.

Please refer to FIG. 9 , the conductive circuit implemented for the present invention can be used as a flexible circuit board, for example, to realize lighting of an LED lamp.

Please refer to FIG. 10 , which is a capacitor prepared by capillary penetration of conductive silver ink in embroidered cotton yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ink receiving area is designed to be 0.25mm ² . The yarn capillary channels form interdigitated capacitors with a gap of 1.5 mm and a length of 10 mm. The conductive ink drops in the ink-receiving area, then spontaneously capillary permeates along the yarn channel, and finally fills the entire capillary channel. After drying, the capacitance remains around 1.1pF.

Please refer to FIG. 11 , which is a heatable garment prepared by capillary penetration of conductive silver ink in embroidered cotton yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ink receiving area is designed to be 0.25mm ² , the gap of the serpentine channel is 1.5mm, and the length is 10mm. The conductive ink drops in the ink-receiving area, then spontaneously capillary permeates along the yarn channel, and finally fills the entire capillary channel. After drying, the voltage is provided externally, and the temperature will increase with the increase of the voltage.

Please refer to FIG. 12 , the embodiment of the present invention implements wearable electronic devices by covering different materials on graphene or silver electrodes. Figure 12(a), (b) realizes the bending sensor by covering the electrode with carbon nanotubes to detect continuous wrist bending, and Figure 12(c), (d) realizes the temperature sensor by covering the electrode with MXene nanosheets , to detect body temperature. Figure 12(e)-(h) shows the humidity sensor and the sweat detector by covering the graphene oxide on the electrode to detect the breathing rate and the amount of sweat during exercise.

Claims (19)

1. A flexible electronic material consisting of a conductive area and an insulating area, the conductive area is made of ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, and the insulating area is made of ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn; characterized in that, The ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and can diffuse conductive ink through the capillary force of the material, fiber or yarn; the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn is Refers to materials, fibers or yarns that do not absorb conductive ink, be it oil-based or water-based, and inhibit the spreading of conductive ink.
2. The flexible electronic material according to claim 1, wherein the conductive ink has a viscosity of less than 20cps, a surface tension greater than 20mN/m, and particles or flakes smaller than microns.
3. The flexible electronic material according to claim 2, wherein the conductive ink has nanoscale particles or flakes; for oil-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-10cps, and the surface tension range is between Within 30-50mN/m; for water-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-20cps, and the surface tension range is within 40-72mN/m.
4. The flexible electronic material according to claim 1, wherein the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn has a contact angle less than N ₁ °, a capillary tilt angle greater than N ₂ ° and an effective capillary radius greater than N ₃ The material, fiber or yarn; The ink repellent material or fiber or yarn has a contact angle greater than N ₄ °, a capillary tilt angle less than N ₅ °, a curvature greater than N ₆ and an effective capillary radius less than N ₇ materials, fibers or yarns.
5. The flexible electronic material according to claim 4, wherein N ₁ =30, N ₂ =60, N ₃ =1.5 μm, N ₄ =90, N ₅ =10, N ₆ =2, N ₇ =1 μm .
6. The flexible electronic material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, for oil-based conductive ink, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulose material, cotton fiber or cotton yarn, and the angle Protein materials, wool fibers or yarns, cellulosic materials, hemp fibers or yarns, polyethylene terephthalate materials, polyester fibers or yarns, or polypropylene materials, polypropylene fibers or yarns, all The ink repellent material, fiber or yarn is trifluorosilane coating material, fiber or yarn, polydimethylsiloxane coating material, fiber or yarn, polyurethane coating material, fiber or yarn, polyester Tetrafluoroethylene coated material, fiber or yarn, or melt-spun polyvinylidene fluoride material, fiber or yarn; for water-based conductive inks, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulosic material, cotton fiber or yarn, said ink repellent material, fiber or yarn is keratin material, fiber or yarn, polyethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, Or polyamide material or nylon fiber or yarn.
7. The flexible electronic material according to claims 1-5, wherein the oil-based conductive ink includes nano-silver ink, copper particles, graphene or carbon nanotube ink; the water-based conductive ink includes graphite oxide ene, MXene or PEDOT:PSS inks.
8. The flexible electronic material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the structure of the flexible electronic material is knitted, woven, mixed 3D knitted, mixed 3D woven, non-woven , embroidery, or 3D printing.
9. The flexible electronic material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the structure of the flexible electronic material is a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional porous electronic material composed of conductive materials and insulating materials.
10. A method for preparing a flexible electronic material, the flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive area and an insulating area, the conductive area is made of ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, and the insulating area is made of ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn The ink-absorbing material refers to the material, fiber or yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and can diffuse the conductive ink through the capillary force of the material, fiber or yarn; the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn refers to Materials, fibers or yarns that do not absorb conductive ink can inhibit the diffusion of conductive ink, characterized in that the conductive ink is dropped onto the ink-absorbing ink with a pipette gun, dropper, inkjet printing, screen printing or dipping method material, fiber or yarn, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn spreads the conductive ink throughout the conductive area, the conductive nanoparticles in the conductive ink move and deposit on the inner surface of the material of the conductive area, Fiber surface or yarn surface.
11. The method for preparing a flexible electronic material according to claim 10, wherein the flexible electronic material has at least one of the following characteristics:

    The viscosity of the conductive ink is less than 20cps, the surface tension is greater than 20mN/m, and there are particles or flakes smaller than microns;

    The conductive ink has nanoscale particles or flakes; for oil-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-10cps, and the surface tension range is within 30-50mN/m; for water-based conductive ink, the The viscosity range of conductive ink is within 1-20cps, and the surface tension range is within 40-72mN/m;

    The ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn has a contact angle less than N ₁ °, a material, fiber or yarn greater than N ₂ ° capillary tilt angle and an effective capillary radius greater than N ₃ ; the ink-repelling material or fiber Or a yarn having a contact angle greater than N ₄ °, a capillary tilt angle less than N ₅ °, a curvature greater than N ₆ and a material, fiber or yarn of an effective capillary radius less than N ₇ , wherein N ₁ =30, N ₂ =60, N ₃ =1.5 μm, N ₄ =90, N ₅ =10, N ₆ =2, N ₇ =1 μm;

    For oil-based conductive ink, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulose material, cotton fiber or cotton yarn, keratin material, wool fiber or wool yarn, cellulose material, hemp fiber or hemp yarn, polyester Ethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, or polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, said ink repellent material, fiber or yarn being trifluorosilane coated material, fiber or yarn , polydimethylsiloxane coating material, fiber or yarn, polyurethane coating material, fiber or yarn, polytetrafluoroethylene coating material, fiber or yarn, or melt-spun polyvinylidene fluoride material, Fibers or yarns; for water-based conductive inks, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is a cellulosic material, cotton fiber or yarn, and the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn is a keratin material, fiber or yarn thread, polyethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, or polyamide material or nylon fiber or yarn;

    The conductive ink of described oil base comprises nano-silver ink, copper particle, graphene or carbon nanotube ink; The conductive ink of described water base comprises graphene oxide, MXene or PEDOT:PSS ink;

    The structure of the flexible electronic material is knitted, woven, mixed 3D knitted, mixed 3D woven, non-woven, embroidered, or 3D printed;

    The structure of the flexible electronic material is a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional porous electronic material composed of conductive materials and insulating materials.
12. A breathable and moisture-permeable electronic component made of flexible electronic material consisting of conductive regions and insulating The conductive area is made of ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns, and the insulating area is made of ink-repelling materials, fibers or yarns; the ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns refer to absorbable conductive The material, fiber or yarn of the ink can diffuse the conductive ink through the capillary force of the material, fiber or yarn; the ink repellent material refers to the material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb the conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of the conductive ink. It is characterized in that the air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components are made of the flexible electronic material, the air-permeability of the air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components is at least 7lm ^-2 s, and the moisture permeability is at least 31gm ^-2 day.
13. The air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic component made of flexible electronic materials according to claim 12, wherein the flexible electronic materials have at least one of the following characteristics:

    The viscosity of the conductive ink is less than 20cps, the surface tension is greater than 20mN/m, and there are particles or flakes smaller than microns;

    The conductive ink has nanoscale particles or flakes; for oil-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-10cps, and the surface tension range is within 30-50mN/m; for water-based conductive ink, the The viscosity range of conductive ink is within 1-20cps, and the surface tension range is within 40-72mN/m;

    The ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn has a contact angle less than N ₁ °, a material, fiber or yarn greater than N ₂ ° capillary tilt angle and an effective capillary radius greater than N ₃ ; the ink-repelling material or fiber Or a yarn having a contact angle greater than N ₄ °, a capillary tilt angle less than N ₅ °, a curvature greater than N ₆ and a material, fiber or yarn of an effective capillary radius less than N ₇ , wherein N ₁ =30, N ₂ =60, N ₃ =1.5 μm, N ₄ =90, N ₅ =10, N ₆ =2, N ₇ =1 μm;

    For oil-based conductive ink, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulose material, cotton fiber or cotton yarn, keratin material, wool fiber or wool yarn, cellulose material, hemp fiber or hemp yarn, polyester Ethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, or polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, said ink repellent material, fiber or yarn being trifluorosilane coated material, fiber or yarn , polydimethylsiloxane coating material, fiber or yarn, polyurethane coating material, fiber or yarn, polytetrafluoroethylene coating material, fiber or yarn, or melt-spun polyvinylidene fluoride material, Fibers or yarns; for water-based conductive inks, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is a cellulosic material, cotton fiber or yarn, and the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn is a keratin material, fiber or yarn thread, polyethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, or polyamide material or nylon fiber or yarn;

    The conductive ink of described oil base comprises nano-silver ink, copper particle, graphene or carbon nanotube ink; The conductive ink of described water base comprises graphene oxide, MXene or PEDOT:PSS ink;

    The structure of the flexible electronic material is knitted, woven, mixed 3D knitted, mixed 3D woven, non-woven, embroidered, or 3D printed;

    The structure of the flexible electronic material is a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional porous electronic material composed of conductive materials and insulating materials.
14. A method for making air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components from flexible electronic materials, the flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive area and an insulating area, the conductive area is made of ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns, and the insulating area is made of repellent ink material, fiber or yarn; the ink-absorbing material refers to the material, fiber or yarn that can absorb conductive ink, and can pass through the material, fiber The capillary force of the dimension or yarn diffuses the conductive ink; the ink-repellent material, fiber or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb the conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of the conductive ink. Made of the flexible electronic material, the air permeability of the air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components is at least 7lm ^-2 s, and the moisture permeability is at least 31gm ^-2 day. The conductive ink is dropped onto the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn by screen printing or dipping method, and the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn spreads the conductive ink to the whole conductive area, and the conductive ink in the conductive ink The nanoparticles migrate and deposit on the material inner surface of the conductive region, on the fiber surface or on the yarn surface.
15. The method for making air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components from flexible electronic materials according to claim 14, wherein the flexible electronic materials have at least one of the following characteristics:

    The viscosity of the conductive ink is less than 20cps, the surface tension is greater than 20mN/m, and there are particles or flakes smaller than microns;

    The conductive ink has nanoscale particles or flakes; for oil-based conductive ink, the viscosity range of the conductive ink is within 1-10cps, and the surface tension range is within 30-50mN/m; for water-based conductive ink, the The viscosity range of conductive ink is within 1-20cps, and the surface tension range is within 40-72mN/m;

    The ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn has a contact angle less than N ₁ °, a material, fiber or yarn greater than N ₂ ° capillary tilt angle and an effective capillary radius greater than N ₃ ; the ink-repelling material or fiber Or a yarn having a contact angle greater than N ₄ °, a capillary tilt angle less than N ₅ °, a curvature greater than N ₆ and a material, fiber or yarn of an effective capillary radius less than N ₇ , wherein N ₁ =30, N ₂ =60, N ₃ =1.5 μm, N ₄ =90, N ₅ =10, N ₆ =2, N ₇ =1 μm;

    For oil-based conductive ink, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is cellulose material, cotton fiber or cotton yarn, keratin material, wool fiber or wool yarn, cellulose material, hemp fiber or hemp yarn, polyester Ethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, or polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, said ink repellent material, fiber or yarn being trifluorosilane coated material, fiber or yarn , polydimethylsiloxane coating material, fiber or yarn, polyurethane coating material, fiber or yarn, polytetrafluoroethylene coating material, fiber or yarn, or melt-spun polyvinylidene fluoride material, Fibers or yarns; for water-based conductive inks, the ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn is a cellulosic material, cotton fiber or yarn, and the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn is a keratin material, fiber or yarn thread, polyethylene terephthalate material, polyester fiber or yarn, polypropylene material, polypropylene fiber or yarn, or polyamide material or nylon fiber or yarn;

    The conductive ink of described oil base comprises nano-silver ink, copper particle, graphene or carbon nanotube ink; The conductive ink of described water base comprises graphene oxide, MXene or PEDOT:PSS ink;

    The structure of the flexible electronic material is knitted, woven, mixed 3D knitted, mixed 3D woven, non-woven, embroidered, or 3D printed;

    The structure of the flexible electronic material is a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional porous electronic material composed of conductive materials and insulating materials.
16. A flexible circuit, characterized in that the flexible circuit is made of flexible electronic material, the flexible electronic material is composed of a conductive area and an insulating area, and the conductive area is made of ink-absorbing material, fiber or yarn, the insulation Areas made of ink-repellent material, fibers or yarns, which means materials, fibers or yarns that absorb conductive ink and conduct electricity through the diffusion of capillary forces of the material, fiber or yarn For ink, the ink-repelling material, fiber or yarn refers to a material, fiber or yarn that does not absorb conductive ink, and can inhibit the diffusion of conductive ink.
17. The flexible circuit according to claim 16, wherein the flexible circuit comprises a resistor, a capacitor, a sensor or a power supply.
18. An intelligent terminal made of a flexible circuit, characterized in that the flexible circuit is made of flexible electronic materials or air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components; wherein, when the flexible circuit is made of air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components , the air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components are made of flexible electronic materials, the air-permeability of the air-permeable and moisture-permeable electronic components is at least 7lm ^-2 s, and the moisture permeability is at least 31gm ^-2 day; the flexible electronic materials are composed of conductive regions and The conductive area is made of ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns, the insulating area is made of ink-repelling materials, fibers or yarns, and the ink-absorbing materials, fibers or yarns are absorbable The material, fiber or yarn of the conductive ink can diffuse the conductive ink through the capillary force of the material, fiber or yarn. Inhibits the spreading of conductive ink.
19. The intelligent terminal made of flexible circuits according to claim 18, wherein the intelligent terminal refers to wearable devices, intelligent clothing, intelligent furniture, and applications in buildings, automobiles, trains, airplanes, ships, spacecraft, Smart devices in/on the workshop or machine.