WO2023148122A1 - Appareil d'inspection avec unité de détection multicanaux - Google Patents

Appareil d'inspection avec unité de détection multicanaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023148122A1
WO2023148122A1 PCT/EP2023/052144 EP2023052144W WO2023148122A1 WO 2023148122 A1 WO2023148122 A1 WO 2023148122A1 EP 2023052144 W EP2023052144 W EP 2023052144W WO 2023148122 A1 WO2023148122 A1 WO 2023148122A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
illumination
container
recording
detection device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/052144
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Heuft
Ralf Hilger
Olga KASDORF
Jörg Nonnen
Michael Unger
Original Assignee
Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh filed Critical Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh
Publication of WO2023148122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023148122A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9018—Dirt detection in containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9036—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents using arrays of emitters or receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9045—Inspection of ornamented or stippled container walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for inspecting containers, in which two or more radiation sources with different radiation characteristics and different types of illumination are used.
  • a multi-channel detection device creates a large number of recordings simultaneously, which are then evaluated in a targeted manner.
  • the present invention is particularly intended for use in automatic filling plants in which containers to be inspected are transported at high speeds.
  • empty containers are checked for possible contamination or foreign objects before filling.
  • the containers are inspected again. Since some defects can only be detected with certain inspection methods, the containers usually pass through several inspection units arranged one behind the other.
  • the containers are conventionally guided through an inspection device which comprises a light source for visible light and a semiconductor camera.
  • the containers are x-rayed and inspected from different angles. During the inspection, differences in brightness are ascertained, with existing differences in brightness being identified as contamination or soiling of the container and the container then being discarded. Containers that have been separated out in this way can be sent to a cleaning system or recycled.
  • Containers such as clear glass containers, often have ornamental or decorative elements placed on the surface of the container. Such decorative elements are also referred to as embossings.
  • embossings When detecting Contamination gives rise to the problem that decorative elements of this type can produce local differences in brightness which can be incorrectly identified as contamination. This can lead to incorrect rejection of containers.
  • a further object of the present invention is to increase the detection sensitivity of inspection devices so that even the smallest defects such as air inclusions can be detected and differentiated from buildup or contamination.
  • This device includes:
  • a first radiation source for illuminating a container with electromagnetic radiation having a first radiation characteristic and a first type of illumination
  • the first and the second radiation characteristic and the first and the second type of illumination are each different from one another.
  • the detection device has a plurality of recording channels, with at least a first channel being set up for recording the electromagnetic radiation from the first radiation source, and with at least a second channel being set up for recording the electromagnetic radiation from the second radiation source.
  • the present invention can be used to inspect containers made of any material.
  • the containers can be made of transparent or non-transparent material.
  • Containers made of non-transparent material can be examined, in particular, under reflected light illumination.
  • Container made of transparent material can also be examined under transmitted light illumination.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for inspecting glass containers, such as clear glass bottles, colored glass bottles, and transparent plastic containers, such as PET bottles.
  • the invention is also particularly suitable for inspecting containers with an elastic cover, such as pouches, bags or bags.
  • the containers can be transported on any conventional conveyor. Conventional conveyor belts or link chain conveyors can be used as transporters.
  • the containers can be conveyed additionally or exclusively by air cushions or rollers.
  • the inspection device comprises at least two radiation sources with which the containers to be inspected are illuminated with electromagnetic radiation.
  • the two radiation sources illuminate the containers on the one hand with electromagnetic radiation of different radiation characteristics and with a different type of illumination.
  • the different types of illumination can be, for example, incident light illumination, transmitted light illumination, bright field illumination or dark field illumination. Through the simultaneous use of different types of lighting, different characteristics of a container to be inspected can be optimally examined at the same time.
  • the various types of lighting can differ in particular in that the respective lighting hits the container to be inspected from different spatial directions. Particularly in the case of incident light illumination and transmitted light illumination, the respective illumination hits the container to be inspected from different spatial directions. As a result, different inspection results are achieved with the different types of lighting, which can then be related to one another. For example, while transmitted light illumination is primarily sensitive to non-transparent defects and foreign bodies, reflected light illumination can be used to detect reflections on transparent foreign bodies and container defects.
  • the term "from different spatial directions" means that the lighting hits the container from different sides. So if the camera with which the recordings are made is on one side of the container, the illumination of the different radiation sources can hit the container in two different spatial directions. For example, the first light may strike the container from the same side as the camera is located. The second illumination can then strike the container from the top of the container, from the bottom of the container, or from the opposite side of the container.
  • the illumination hits the container from one side, shines through the container and exits the container on the other side, where it is then detected.
  • the illumination impinges on the container substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis and is then recorded by the camera positioned at the side.
  • the invention is based on the finding that in almost every inspection task, depending on the defect to be identified, some types of illumination are better suited for detection than other types of illumination. Some defects, on the other hand, can only be identified by comparing two images taken with different types of lighting. With the aid of the present invention, a large number of recordings with different types of illumination are created at the same time. This allows a comprehensive evaluation of the inspection results and in particular allows the evaluation to be specifically tailored to the defects to be expected. Overall, the present invention increases the reliability and the accuracy of the inspection.
  • the radiation sources are arranged at different positions around the container to be inspected.
  • the radiation sources are preferably arranged perpendicular to one another.
  • the radiation sources can also be arranged on opposite sides of the container to be inspected.
  • the inspection device of the present invention can be used to inspect different areas of the containers.
  • the inspection can cover any part of the container, with the exception of the bottom part of the container. More preferably, the inspection can only relate to the side wall area and/or the mouth area of the container.
  • the device according to the invention can comprise two, three, four or even more radiation sources.
  • the number of radiation sources is essentially only limited by the number of available recording channels of the detection device.
  • this third radiation source preferably a third radiation characteristic and a third type of illumination.
  • the third radiation characteristic can preferably differ from the first and the second radiation characteristic.
  • the third type of illumination can differ from the first and the second type of illumination.
  • a radiation characteristic is to be understood here, for example, as a different radiation frequency.
  • the radiation sources can be designed to emit visible light, infrared radiation and/or ultraviolet radiation.
  • a different radiation characteristic can also mean a different polarization of the radiation sources used.
  • the radiation sources can also be designed to emit its visible light with different colors.
  • the radiation sources can advantageously be designed to emit green, red or blue light.
  • the radiation sources can be any known radiation sources.
  • the different radiation characteristics can be achieved, for example, by using color filters.
  • color filters can be particularly advantageous when only two radiation sources are to be used. If only two radiation sources are used, color filters can already be sufficient to enable evaluation with common RGB color cameras. The transmission spectrum of common color filters is narrow enough to enable evaluation with common RGB color cameras. In this case, the two color filters that are spectrally furthest apart, namely blue and red, should be used. Color filters offer the advantage that they are very inexpensive and do not place any special demands on the radiation sources. For economic reasons in particular, the use of color filters may be preferable for simple inspection tasks.
  • Each radiation source can include a number of light-emitting elements. These lighting elements can be controlled separately from one another.
  • the light elements can be individually adjustable in terms of their intensity.
  • a radiation source preferably comprises one or more LEDs. LEDs are characterized in particular by the fact that they have a very narrow emission spectrum. In addition, LEDs with different emission spectra are available. As a result, the optimum radiation sources can be used in a targeted manner for different applications.
  • the radiation sources can be used in different geometric dimensions and/or configurations. The dimensions can also be adapted to the lighting tasks.
  • the radiation sources can be designed as flat radiation sources.
  • the radiation sources can be rectangular or ring-shaped. Rectangular radiation sources can be used to advantage for sidewall inspection. Ring-shaped radiation sources can be used advantageously for ground inspection.
  • the radiation sources can be operated in a continuous mode or in a strobe mode.
  • the detection device used in the device according to the invention is a multi-channel detection device that is configured in such a way that the individual channels can detect the radiation from the individual radiation sources.
  • the person skilled in the art can use any camera that is known to him and is suitable for this purpose.
  • the detection device can preferably be a commercially available color camera.
  • the camera is advantageously an RGB camera.
  • the camera preferably has a Bayer filter.
  • a Bayer filter is a photo sensor overlaid with a color filter. This color filter is configured in such a way that it has areas that only allow green, red or blue light to pass through.
  • the individual channels of the detection device are therefore matched to the radiation sources in such a way that one channel is always sensitive to radiation from a radiation source.
  • a recording of the container to be inspected can then be recorded simultaneously with each channel of the detection device. Since a different type of illumination is used for each radiation source, recordings with different types of illumination are made simultaneously of an object from a single camera perspective.
  • defects or defects in containers in general can be detected more reliably. Some defects will be visible in all recordings. Such defects can be detected even more reliably by the device according to the invention. Some defects, however, can only be recognized in certain types of lighting. Such defects can then be recognized by suitable correlation of the different color channel recordings that have been recorded with different types of illumination. This means that defects that could not be resolved previously can not only be reliably detected, but can also be classified.
  • the present invention can also be used to identify even the smallest defects, such as air pockets in the side wall of containers. Small air bubbles in particular cannot be distinguished from the actual defects (e.g. black spots) in the classic sidewall inspection based on transmitted light.
  • the present invention makes it possible to differentiate between harmless air inclusions and actual, disruptive defects through the special lighting and the targeted evaluation of the individual channels.
  • the device according to the invention also has an evaluation device.
  • This evaluation device is designed to evaluate the recordings of the individual channels of the detection device. Since the recordings were not only all created at the same time, but also all taken from a single camera perspective, the individual recordings can be directly correlated with each other during the evaluation.
  • An evaluation can consist, for example, in comparing the individual recordings of the different channels with one another.
  • the individual recordings of the various channels can also be offset against each other.
  • the calculation rule is not fixed, but can be controlled via parameters. By simply adapting the calculation rule, the device according to the invention can be easily adapted to different inspection tasks and optimized.
  • the individual recordings can be evaluated with the aid of any mathematical operations. These operations can be applied to individual recordings. Recordings can also be offset against each other using any arithmetic operations.
  • the clearing rule actually used can include a large number of mathematical methods.
  • the optimal billing rule is not fixed, but rather can be adapted to specific inspection tasks.
  • the billing rule for specific container types can be preset and stored in a memory unit. When changing the container type, such preset parameters can be used.
  • the arithmetic operations for calculating the individual recordings with one another can include, for example, the addition and subtraction of individual recordings from one another and the multiplication of individual recordings by themselves. Through the targeted execution of these arithmetic operations, a so-called feature image can be generated in which possible defects can be seen particularly clearly. In particular, small defects, ie defects that only show slight differences in contrast, can only be reliably detected in a feature image.
  • individual recordings can also be calculated with scaling factors, linear or non-linear filters.
  • image processing methods are known to the person skilled in the art and can also be used within the scope of the present invention.
  • the detection device can also be designed to detect multiple images of each container to be examined.
  • the multiple recordings can be recorded with a time delay, preferably corresponding to the transport speed of the containers.
  • the recordings can be created with a time offset of 100 ps to 1000 ps, preferably with a time offset of 500 ps.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for inspecting a container conveyed on a transport device, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the detection device has a plurality of recording channels, wherein at least a first channel is set up for recording the electromagnetic radiation of the first radiation source, and wherein at least a second channel is set up for recording the electromagnetic radiation of the second radiation source.
  • the radiation sources are preferably arranged perpendicular to one another or on opposite sides of the containers.
  • the arrangement of the radiation sources allows the different types of illumination to be realized in a simple manner.
  • the individual recordings are then evaluated in such a way that the recordings of the individual channels of the detection device are offset against themselves and among one another by arithmetic operations.
  • One or more defect-specific feature images are generated from the recordings of the individual channels of the detection device by arithmetic operations. These feature images are then evaluated to identify the defects.
  • the respective calculation rules for offsetting the recordings of the individual channels of the detection device can be controlled via parameters and adapted to the respective inspection task.
  • FIG. 1 shows the lighting principle of an inspection device 10 according to the invention with two different radiation sources 12, 14 in a plan view.
  • Containers 16 are conveyed through the inspection apparatus 10 on a link chain conveyor 18 .
  • a detection device 20 takes a picture of the container 16. This picture is then evaluated by an evaluation device 22.
  • the first radiation source illuminates the containers 16 in transmitted light with red light.
  • the radiation source consists of a total of four LED lighting elements 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d which are distributed radially around the inspection position. With the four lighting elements 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, which can be controlled individually, each container 16 can be optimally and homogeneously illuminated.
  • the red light penetrates the containers 16 to be inspected and is then picked up by the detection device 20 on the opposite side of the link chain conveyor 18 .
  • the second radiation source 14 illuminates the containers 16 in reflected light with blue light.
  • the radiation source is a ring-shaped lamp, which consists of a total of 11 ring-shaped LED lighting elements 14a-14k arranged concentrically above the inspection position.
  • the 11 ring-shaped LED lighting elements 14a -14k which can also be controlled individually, each container 16 can be illuminated homogeneously from above.
  • the blue light penetrates the containers 16 to be inspected.
  • the detection device 20, which is aligned perpendicularly to the direction of illumination of the second radiation source 14, only picks up that radiation component of the blue light that is scattered by the container in the direction of the detection device 20.
  • a commercially available RGB color camera is used as the detection device 20 .
  • This camera has three color channels that record the red, green and blue color components of the incident radiation independently of one another. Since in this embodiment the containers 16 are irradiated with red and blue light, the R channel of the color camera essentially exclusively records red light from the first radiation source with which the container 16 was illuminated in transmitted light. In the same way, the B-channel of the color camera im Substantially exclusively blue light from the second radiation source, with which the container 16 was illuminated in incident light.
  • the evaluation device 22 is therefore expediently designed to read out the individual recording channels of the detection device 20 or the color recording created by the detection device 20 separately.
  • the monochrome images created separately from the individual color channels can then be analyzed individually for evaluation.
  • the monochrome recordings can also be offset against each other in order to identify defects.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show how special features of the container 16 to be inspected can be highlighted in one of the color channels with the present invention by means of targeted illumination.
  • This principle is shown in FIG. 2 using a bottom inspection of a BFS bottle (blow-fill-seal bottle). With these filled containers 16, the main task is the foreign body inspection for detecting foreign body particles in the container 16. In addition, however, the tab 24 must also be inspected with these containers 16. It must be ensured that the tab 24 is correctly positioned, that the inner and outer contours are intact and that the tab 24 is tied intact.
  • the lighting scheme used is shown in FIG.
  • the containers 16 are clamped in a belt conveyor 30 and transported over the detection device 20 in a freely suspended manner.
  • the detection device 20 is again a commercial RGB color camera. In this case, the lighting comes from four different directions.
  • the container 16 is examined from above with red light in transmitted light 32 .
  • a dome light 34 aligned from below parallel to the detection device 20 illuminates the container 16 from below with blue light.
  • the containers 16 are irradiated with green light 36 from both sides.
  • FIG. 3a shows the colored overall recording.
  • FIG. 3a shows the colored overall recording.
  • the inspected container 16 is visible.
  • foreign bodies or structural details of the container 16 cannot be recognized or can only be recognized with difficulty.
  • FIG. 3b shows the red channel recording showing the container 16 in transmitted light.
  • the general container structures, in particular the container contours, can be made clearly visible.
  • the green channel recording is reproduced in FIG. 3c.
  • the container 16 is illuminated homogeneously with green light. Therefore, this recording is well suited for foreign body inspection.
  • the blue channel recording is reproduced in FIG. 3d.
  • the container 16 is illuminated from below with the blue light. Under this illumination, only the light reflected from the container 16 is recorded.
  • the exposed tab 24 reflects particularly well, so that this channel is well suited for inspecting the tab 24 .
  • This defect is again marked with a circle in FIG. 3d. In the other recordings, this defect cannot be recognized or can only be recognized with great difficulty.
  • FIG. 4 Another possible application of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the two examples from FIG. 4 relate to a simplification in finding the contour.
  • the contour of a container 16 is often determined in order to center the container 16 in a desired position prior to further processing.
  • a double illumination is used, which is designed largely according to the illumination scheme of FIG.
  • the detection device 20 is arranged laterally.
  • a first illumination takes place with red light in transmitted light.
  • a second illumination takes place with blue reflected light, which is directed onto the containers 16 perpendicularly from above.
  • FIG. 4a shows the colored overall picture.
  • the contour of the container and also the filling level can already be seen in this recording.
  • the contrast is not particularly high, making automatic recognition of these features difficult.
  • the red channel recording and the blue channel recording are shown in FIGS. 4b and 4c.
  • FIG. 4d reproduces a feature image which was obtained by suitable processing of the red channel recording and the blue channel recording.
  • the calculation rule is:
  • Feature recording red channel recording - 2x blue channel recording
  • the feature image obtained with this calculation rule shows the contour 44 of the container 16 with very high contrast compared to the background. This feature image is therefore excellently suited for determining the contour of the container 16 and for centering the container 16 on the basis of this contour 44, for example.
  • FIGS. 4e-h The series of recordings shown in FIGS. 4e-h was recorded with the same lighting setup.
  • FIG. 4e again shows the colored overall picture.
  • FIGS. 4f and 4g show the red channel recording and the blue channel recording, respectively.
  • Figure 4h shows a feature image again, which this time, however, was obtained using a different, suitable calculation rule:
  • Feature recording 4x blue channel recording - 2xred channel recording
  • the feature image obtained with this calculation specification shows the filling line 46 of the container with very high contrast compared to the headspace of the container 16. This feature image is therefore excellently suited for determining the fill level of the container.
  • FIG. 5 shows surface damage on a BFS ampoule strip as an example.
  • the surface damage consists of a scratch 48 on one of the ampoules.
  • FIG. 5a shows the colored overall picture.
  • scratch 48 can be seen on the fourth ampoule from the left.
  • the contrast is not particularly high here either.
  • the scratch 48 appears with comparable contrast as the rear edges of the container 16. Automatic detection of this surface damage is difficult.
  • Figure 5b is a red channel transmitted light image.
  • FIG. 5c is a green channel recording in which the illumination with green incident light takes place from below. Scratch 48 appears relatively faint and with inverted contrast in both images. This typical characteristic "dark in the transmitted light image" (in this case the red channel image) and "bright in the reflected light image” (in this case the green channel image) already indicates a scratch.
  • an intermediate image is first generated for the red channel recording and the green channel recording.
  • the intermediate image for the red channel recording is designed in such a way that dark structures are worked out.
  • the intermediate image for the green channel recording is designed in such a way that bright structures are worked out.
  • FIG. 1 Another possible application of the present invention is illustrated in FIG.
  • product build-up occurs on the inner side wall of the container 16 due to the process.
  • These product build-ups cannot be distinguished from the actual defects (e.g. black spots) with the classic side wall inspection based on transmitted light.
  • the classic side wall inspection based on transmitted light.
  • FIG. 6 The lighting scheme used for the recordings in FIG. 6 corresponds to the scheme described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 6a shows the colored overall picture.
  • FIG. 6b shows the red channel recording recorded in transmitted light. In A large number of dark spots can be seen in both images, making it almost impossible to reliably distinguish between product build-up and actual defects.
  • the blue channel recording is reproduced in FIG. 6c.
  • the defects are already visible compared to the product adhesions, but the contrast is still relatively weak.
  • an intermediate image is first generated for the red channel image and the blue channel image.
  • the intermediate image for the red channel recording is designed in such a way that dark structures are worked out.
  • the intermediate image for the blue channel recording is also designed in such a way that dark structures are worked out.
  • Feature capture red channel interframe x blue channel interframe x scaling factor
  • the lighting scheme and, in particular, the billing rule, with which the individual recording channels are billed individually or together, can be adapted to the respective inspection task.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil permettant d'inspecter un récipient transporté sur un dispositif de transport, qui comprend une première source de rayonnement pour éclairer le récipient avec un rayonnement électromagnétique présentant une première caractéristique de rayonnement et un premier type d'éclairage, une seconde source de rayonnement pour éclairer le récipient avec un rayonnement électromagnétique présentant une seconde caractéristique de rayonnement et un second type d'éclairage, un dispositif de détection pour enregistrer le rayonnement électromagnétique émis par les sources de rayonnement, et un dispositif d'évaluation conçu pour évaluer l'enregistrement créé par le dispositif de détection. Les première et seconde caractéristiques de rayonnement, et les premier et second types d'éclairage diffèrent l'un de l'autre dans ce cas. Le dispositif de détection comprend plusieurs canaux d'enregistrement, dont au moins un premier canal est configuré pour enregistrer le rayonnement électromagnétique provenant de la première source de rayonnement et au moins un second canal est configuré pour enregistrer le rayonnement électromagnétique provenant de la seconde source de rayonnement.
PCT/EP2023/052144 2022-02-01 2023-01-30 Appareil d'inspection avec unité de détection multicanaux WO2023148122A1 (fr)

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DE102022102253.6 2022-02-01
DE102022102253.6A DE102022102253A1 (de) 2022-02-01 2022-02-01 Inspektionsvorrichtung mit Mehr-Kanal-Detektionseinheit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117368098A (zh) * 2023-08-22 2024-01-09 南京苏胜天信息科技有限公司 用于检测物体表面缺陷的系统及其方法
CN117368098B (zh) * 2023-08-22 2024-05-10 南京苏胜天信息科技有限公司 用于检测物体表面缺陷的系统及其方法

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