WO2023142896A1 - 控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置 - Google Patents

控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142896A1
WO2023142896A1 PCT/CN2022/144237 CN2022144237W WO2023142896A1 WO 2023142896 A1 WO2023142896 A1 WO 2023142896A1 CN 2022144237 W CN2022144237 W CN 2022144237W WO 2023142896 A1 WO2023142896 A1 WO 2023142896A1
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Prior art keywords
module
charging
control
switch
circulation
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PCT/CN2022/144237
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕娟霞
郑陈铃
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023142896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142896A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of charge and discharge control circuits, in particular to a control circulation circuit, a charge and discharge circuit and an electrical device.
  • vehicle power batteries are often connected in series or in parallel with multiple packs.
  • multiple packs are used in series, the entire battery pack is charged and discharged at the same time, and there is no circulating current between individual battery packs due to voltage differences, which will affect the battery.
  • the purpose of this application is to address the above problems, to provide a control circulation circuit, charging and discharging circuit and electrical device, which can solve the problem that after multiple battery packs are connected in parallel, due to the difference in the resistance value of the battery packs, it is difficult to ensure that each battery is fully charged during the discharge process.
  • the power of the packs is the same, and the moment of braking may cause circulation among multiple battery packs, and due to the difference in power of multiple battery packs, it will also cause circulation among multiple battery packs during the charging process.
  • the present application provides a control circulation circuit.
  • the control circulation circuit includes an acquisition unit and a control unit.
  • the acquisition unit is connected to the power supply terminal and used to collect real-time information of the power supply terminal;
  • the control unit includes a storage module, a comparison module, a switch module, and a circulation elimination module, the storage module is connected to the comparison module, the comparison module is connected to the switch module, and the switch module is connected to the switch module.
  • the connection of the circulation module is eliminated, and the comparison module is connected with the acquisition unit.
  • the real-time information of the power supply terminal (for example: real-time information of voltage, current real-time information, real-time resistance information, etc.) of the power supply terminal is collected by setting the collection unit, and the collection unit sends the collected real-time information of the power supply terminal
  • the control unit will process, analyze and compare the received real-time information of the power supply terminal and the setting information in the storage module through the comparison module to judge whether there is a circulation problem, so as to further control whether the switch module needs and eliminates
  • the circulation module is electrically connected.
  • the circulation control circuit of the present application has the advantages of simple structure, accurate judgment, fast control speed and high efficiency of eliminating circulation.
  • the switch module includes a control switch connected to the circulation elimination module.
  • a control switch connected to the circulation elimination module.
  • the acquisition unit is a current sensor.
  • the current sensor can monitor the current at the power supply terminal in real time, and send the monitored current information to the comparison module in the control unit.
  • the real-time information of the power terminal is the magnitude and direction of the current.
  • the storage unit is used to store the current threshold.
  • the current threshold is stored by the storage unit, which is convenient for the comparison module to process, analyze and compare the received current information.
  • the circulating current elimination module includes at least one resistor.
  • the circulation elimination module By setting the circulation elimination module as a resistance, that is, by increasing the resistance, the resistance on the circuit increases and the current decreases, thereby eliminating the circulation.
  • the resistor is a thermistor.
  • the thermistor has high sensitivity, and its temperature coefficient of resistance is 10 to 100 times larger than that of metal, and can detect temperature changes of 10-6°C (Celsius); the operating temperature range is wide, and the normal temperature device is suitable for -55°C ⁇ 315°C , the high-temperature device is suitable for temperatures higher than 315°C (currently the highest can reach 2000°C), and the low-temperature device is suitable for -273°C ⁇ -55°C; it is small in size and can measure the temperature of gaps and cavities that cannot be measured by other thermometers; it is easy to use,
  • the resistance value can be arbitrarily selected from 0.1 to 100k ⁇ (kiloohm); it is easy to process into complex shapes and can be mass-produced; it has the characteristics of good stability and strong overload capacity. Setting the resistor as a thermistor can quickly reduce the current of the circuit, thereby quickly eliminating the circulating current.
  • the power terminal is a battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes multiple battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel, which can provide enough power to ensure smooth charging and discharging process.
  • the present application provides a charging and discharging circuit.
  • the charge and discharge circuit includes a battery pack and a control box.
  • the battery pack includes m parallel battery packs, a charge and discharge switch connected in series with the battery pack, and a control circulation circuit set on the positive or negative pole of the battery pack; the control box is connected in series with the battery pack; the control circulation
  • the circuit is a control circulation circuit as in any one of the above embodiments; when the charging and discharging switch is closed, a discharging circuit is formed; when the charging and discharging switch is turned off, a charging circuit is formed.
  • the acquisition unit in the control circulation circuit will collect the real-time information of the power supply terminal in the circuit, and send the collected real-time information of the power supply terminal to the control unit.
  • the comparison module in the unit the comparison module will compare the received real-time information of the power supply terminal with the current threshold stored in the storage module, so as to judge whether there is a circulating current phenomenon in the circuit, and then judge whether the control circulating current circuit needs to be powered, which can effectively Avoid safety issues caused by the phenomenon of lithium precipitation in lithium batteries caused by circulating currents.
  • control switch is connected in parallel with the charge and discharge switch. By connecting the control switch and the charge and discharge switch in parallel, it is convenient to disconnect and close the control switch and the charge and discharge switch.
  • the duty cycle of the control switch is from 0% (fully closed) to 100% (fully open).
  • the size of the resistor should meet the condition that the maximum voltage difference/(resistance+resistance resistance of the battery pack) ⁇ the allowable maximum charging current under the condition of the temperature of the battery pack.
  • the circulation elimination module is disposed on the positive pole or the negative pole of the battery pack.
  • the current can be quickly reduced, the circulating current can be eliminated, and the phenomenon of lithium precipitation on the positive or negative pole pieces of the battery pack by the circulating current can be effectively prevented, thereby reducing the risk of the battery pack.
  • m m ⁇ 2.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the battery pack includes multiple battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel, which can provide enough power to ensure smooth charging and discharging process.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series and/or parallel.
  • the battery pack includes multiple battery cells connected in series and/or in parallel, which can provide enough power to ensure smooth charging and discharging process.
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the charging and discharging circuit in any one of the above embodiments.
  • multiple battery packs are connected in parallel to the control box of the electrical device to form a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, thereby controlling the operation of the electrical device.
  • the present application sets up a control circulation circuit on the output circuit of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit to collect the magnitude and direction of the current, and process, analyze and compare the magnitude and direction of the current through the control unit, so as to judge whether the control switch needs closed to eliminate or control circulation.
  • the charging and discharging switch is in the normally closed state.
  • the difference in the power of each battery pack causes a circulating current.
  • the current sensor judges whether the current threshold is exceeded according to the magnitude and direction of the collected current. If it exceeds the current threshold, the control switch is closed. , Turn off the charge and discharge switch, due to the presence of resistance, it can reduce the size of the circulating current to avoid the phenomenon of lithium battery core precipitation, at this time, if there is a discharge demand, close the charge and discharge switch, and normal discharge can be carried out;
  • the magnitude of the current can be adjusted by adjusting the duty cycle of the control switch.
  • This application collects the real-time information of the power supply terminal by setting the collection unit (for example: real-time information of voltage, current real-time information, real-time resistance information of the power supply terminal, etc.), and the collection unit sends the collected real-time information of the power supply terminal to the control unit,
  • the control unit will process, analyze and compare the received real-time information of the power supply terminal and the setting information in the storage module through the comparison module to determine whether there is a circulation problem, so as to further control whether the switch module needs to be energized with the circulation elimination module connect.
  • the circulation control circuit of the present application has the advantages of simple structure, accurate judgment, fast control speed and high efficiency of eliminating circulation.
  • This application sets up a control circulation circuit on the charging and discharging circuit
  • the acquisition unit in the control circulation circuit will collect the real-time information of the power supply terminal in the circuit, and send the collected real-time information of the power supply terminal to the comparison in the control unit module
  • the comparison module will compare the received real-time information of the power supply terminal with the current threshold stored in the storage module, so as to judge whether there is a circulating current phenomenon in the circuit, and then judge whether the control circulating current circuit needs to be energized, which can effectively avoid the circulation caused by the circulating current.
  • the phenomenon of lithium precipitation occurs in the lithium battery cell and causes safety problems.
  • the present application sets up a control circulation circuit on the output circuit of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit to collect the magnitude and direction of the current, and process, analyze and compare the magnitude and direction of the current through the control unit, so as to judge whether the control switch needs closed to eliminate or control circulation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging control circuit in some embodiments of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Secondary batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as water power, fire power, wind power and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace, etc. field. With the continuous expansion of secondary battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • Automobile is an important means of transportation in modern society, and it is also an important pillar industry of the national economy. With my country's sustained and rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization, the demand for automobiles will continue to grow for a long period of time in the future, and the resulting energy shortage and environmental pollution will become more prominent. Accelerating the cultivation and development of energy-saving vehicles and new energy vehicles is not only an effective way to alleviate the pressure on energy and the environment, but also an urgent task to promote the sustainable development of the automotive industry. In recent years, the new energy industry, relying on its own advantages, coupled with the support of policies and regulations of governments of various countries, has achieved tremendous development in electric vehicles.
  • vehicle power batteries are often connected in series or in parallel with multiple battery packs.
  • the entire battery pack is charged and discharged at the same time, and there is no circulating current due to voltage differences between individual battery packs, which will affect the battery.
  • the following problems still exist:
  • the generation of circulating current will cause the phenomenon of lithium precipitation in the lithium battery cells in the battery pack. If lithium is deposited on the positive or negative electrode of the lithium battery cell, a large number of lithium dendrites will be formed, which will affect the battery pack, thereby reducing the safety performance of the battery pack and shortening the service life of the battery pack, including: on the one hand, lithium dendrites Dendrites may pierce the separator to cause internal short circuit and cause thermal runaway; on the other hand, the Joule heat, reaction heat and polarization heat generated during the charging process will increase the temperature of the battery core, while lithium dendrites at higher temperatures It will react violently with the electrolyte, and the temperature of the battery core will rise rapidly to above 200°C, and then a series of reactions will occur, which will eventually lead to thermal runaway of the battery core.
  • the applicant unexpectedly found that by controlling the size of the circulating current or eliminating the generation of the circulating current, the impact and influence of the circulating current on the lithium cells in the battery pack can be reduced.
  • the present application provides a control circulation circuit.
  • the control circulation circuit includes an acquisition unit and a control unit.
  • the acquisition unit is connected to the power supply terminal and used to collect real-time information of the power supply terminal;
  • the control unit includes a storage module, a comparison module, a switch module, and a circulation elimination module, the storage module is connected to the comparison module, the comparison module is connected to the switch module, and the switch module is connected to the switch module.
  • the connection of the circulation module is eliminated, and the comparison module is connected with the acquisition unit.
  • the collection unit is used to collect real-time information of the power supply terminal, such as voltage, current, resistance and other information.
  • the storage module is used to store thresholds or set values of some information in the circuit, such as voltage thresholds, current thresholds, resistance thresholds, etc.
  • the comparison module is used to receive the information collected by the collection unit, and compare, analyze and process it with the threshold or set value in the storage module.
  • the switch module is used for controlling the power-off and power-on of the control circulation circuit.
  • a circulation elimination module for reducing the size of the circulation or for eliminating the circulation.
  • the real-time information of the power supply terminal (for example: real-time information of voltage, current real-time information, real-time resistance information, etc.) of the power supply terminal is collected by setting the collection unit, and the collection unit sends the collected real-time information of the power supply terminal
  • the control unit will process, analyze and compare the received real-time information of the power supply terminal and the setting information in the storage module through the comparison module to judge whether there is a circulation problem, so as to further control whether the switch module needs and eliminates
  • the circulation module is electrically connected.
  • the circulation control circuit of the present application has the advantages of simple structure, accurate judgment, fast control speed and high efficiency of eliminating circulation.
  • the switch module includes a control switch, and the control switch is connected to the circulation elimination module.
  • the acquisition unit is a current sensor.
  • the current sensor can monitor the current at the power supply terminal in real time, and send the monitored current information to the comparison module in the control unit.
  • the information of the power supply end may be real-time information of the power supply end.
  • the real-time information of the power supply terminal is the magnitude and direction of the current.
  • the real-time information on the power supply terminal may include the magnitude and direction of the current at the power supply terminal.
  • the battery pack When the battery pack is normally discharged, its current direction is positive, that is, the current direction is the direction from the positive pole to the negative pole of the battery pack.
  • Multiple battery packs When connecting in parallel, since the internal resistance, capacity and other parameters of multiple battery packs cannot be guaranteed to be completely consistent, it is difficult to ensure the same amount of power in the discharge process after multiple battery packs are connected in parallel. Therefore, voltage differences between battery packs are prone to occur, resulting in one or more of them Therefore, when the direction of the current flowing through a battery pack is opposite to the direction of the forward current, it can be judged that the battery pack has a circulating current phenomenon.
  • the storage unit is used to store the current threshold.
  • the current threshold is stored by the storage unit, which is convenient for the comparison module to process, analyze and compare the received current information.
  • the circulating current eliminating module includes at least one resistor.
  • the circulating current elimination module can be a resistor, and the number of the resistors is not limited. If there are multiple resistors, the connection between the resistors can be in series.
  • the resistors may be connected in parallel.
  • connection between the resistors may also be that several resistors are connected in parallel and then connected in series with other resistors.
  • the circulation elimination module As a resistance, that is, by increasing the resistance, the resistance on the circuit increases and the current decreases, thereby eliminating the circulation.
  • the circulating current elimination module may be composed of multiple resistors connected in series.
  • the circulating current elimination module may be composed of multiple resistors connected in parallel.
  • the resistor is a thermistor.
  • the thermistor has high sensitivity, and its temperature coefficient of resistance is 10 to 100 times larger than that of metal, and can detect temperature changes of 10-6°C; the operating temperature range is wide, and normal temperature devices are suitable for -55°C to 315°C, and high temperature devices
  • the applicable temperature is higher than 315°C (currently the highest can reach 2000°C), and the cryogenic device is suitable for -273°C ⁇ -55°C; small size, can measure the temperature of the gap and cavity that cannot be measured by other thermometers; easy to use, the resistance value can be adjusted It can be freely selected between 0.1 ⁇ 100k ⁇ ; it is easy to process into complex shapes and can be mass-produced; it has the characteristics of good stability and strong overload capacity. Setting the resistor as a thermistor can quickly reduce the current of the circuit, thereby quickly eliminating the circulating current.
  • the power supply terminal is a battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes multiple battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel, which can provide enough power to ensure smooth charging and discharging process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging control circuit in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the application provides a charging and discharging circuit.
  • the charge and discharge circuit includes a battery pack and a control box.
  • the battery pack includes m parallel battery packs, a charge and discharge switch connected in series with the battery pack, and a control circulation circuit set on the positive or negative pole of the battery pack; the control box is connected in series with the battery pack; the control circulation
  • the circuit is a control circulation circuit as in any one of the above embodiments; when the charging and discharging switch is closed, a discharging circuit is formed; when the charging and discharging switch is turned off, a charging circuit is formed.
  • the acquisition unit in the control circulation circuit will collect the real-time information of the power supply terminal in the circuit, and send the collected real-time information of the power supply terminal to the control unit.
  • the comparison module in the unit the comparison module will compare the received real-time information of the power supply terminal with the current threshold stored in the storage module, so as to judge whether there is a circulating current phenomenon in the circuit, and then judge whether the control circulating current circuit needs to be powered, which can effectively Avoid safety issues caused by the phenomenon of lithium precipitation in lithium batteries caused by circulating currents.
  • control switch is connected in parallel with the charging and discharging switch. By connecting the control switch and the charge and discharge switch in parallel, it is convenient to disconnect and close the control switch and the charge and discharge switch.
  • the duty ratio of the control switch is 0% (fully closed) to 100% (fully open).
  • the size of the resistor should meet the condition of maximum voltage difference/(resistance+battery pack resistance impedance) ⁇ allowed maximum charging current under the condition of battery pack temperature.
  • the circulation elimination module is arranged on the positive pole or the negative pole of the battery pack.
  • the current can be quickly reduced, the circulating current can be eliminated, and the phenomenon of lithium precipitation on the positive or negative pole pieces of the battery pack by the circulating current can be effectively prevented, thereby reducing the risk of the battery pack.
  • m ⁇ 2 the requirements of different electric devices can be met, and sufficient power can be provided to the electric devices.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the battery pack includes multiple battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel, which can provide enough power to ensure smooth charging and discharging process.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the battery pack includes multiple battery cells connected in series and/or in parallel, which can provide enough power to ensure smooth charging and discharging process.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the charging and discharging circuit in any one of the above embodiments.
  • multiple battery packs are connected in parallel to the control box of the electrical device to form a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, thereby controlling the operation of the electrical device.
  • the present application sets up a control circulation circuit on the output circuit of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit to collect the magnitude and direction of the current, and process, analyze and compare the magnitude and direction of the current through the control unit, so as to judge whether the control switch needs closed to eliminate or control circulation.
  • the charging and discharging switch is in the normally closed state.
  • the difference in the power of each battery pack causes a circulating current.
  • the current sensor judges whether the current threshold is exceeded according to the magnitude and direction of the collected current. If it exceeds the current threshold, the control switch is closed. , Turn off the charge and discharge switch, due to the presence of resistance, it can reduce the size of the circulating current to avoid the phenomenon of lithium battery core precipitation, at this time, if there is a discharge demand, close the charge and discharge switch, and normal discharge can be carried out;
  • the magnitude of the current can be adjusted by adjusting the duty cycle of the control switch.
  • the battery module includes battery cells.
  • the number of battery cells contained in the battery module can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
  • a plurality of battery cells may be arranged sequentially along the length direction of the battery module. Of course, it can also be arranged in any other manner. Further, the plurality of battery cells can be fixed by fasteners.
  • the battery module may further include a casing having a containing space, and a plurality of battery cells are contained in the containing space.
  • the battery pack of the present application includes a battery module.
  • the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules arranged in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box and a lower box.
  • the upper box can cover the lower box and form a closed space for accommodating the battery module.
  • Multiple battery modules can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
  • the present application also provides an electric device.
  • the electric device includes at least one of the battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs provided in this application.
  • Battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs can be used as power sources for power-consuming devices, and can also be used as energy storage units for power-consuming devices.
  • Electric devices can include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but not limited thereto.
  • a battery cell, battery module or battery pack can be selected according to its usage requirements.
  • the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack or battery module can be used.
  • the electric device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, and the like.
  • the electrical device is usually required to be light and thin, and a battery cell can be used as a power source.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging control circuit in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a charging and discharging control circuit.
  • the charging and discharging control circuit includes a battery pack and a control box, and the battery pack and the control box are connected in series.
  • the battery pack includes two parallel battery packs, two control circulation circuits, and two charge and discharge switches K1
  • the control circulation circuit is set on the positive or negative pole of the battery pack
  • each battery pack includes multiple series and/or parallel battery module.
  • Each control circulation circuit includes a current sensor, a control board (that is, a storage module and a comparison module in the control unit), a control switch K2, and a resistor.
  • the connection relationship of the charging and discharging control circuit is as follows:
  • each battery pack is that the current sensor, the negative pole of the battery pack, and the charge and discharge switch K1 are connected in series.
  • the switch K1 is connected in parallel, and the control board is set between the current sensor and the control switch K2; after the two battery packs are connected in parallel, they are directly connected in series with the control box.
  • the multiple resistors are connected in series and then connected in series with the control switch K2 to form a circuit branch.
  • the circuit branch is connected in parallel with the charge and discharge switch K1, for example, the first end of the circuit branch is connected to the first end of the charge and discharge switch K1, and the second end of the circuit branch is connected to the second end of the charge and discharge switch K1 .
  • the number of resistors in the control circulation circuit is multiple, multiple resistors are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the control switch K2 to form a circuit branch, which is connected in parallel with the charge and discharge switch K1, for example , the first end of the circuit branch is connected to the first end of the charging and discharging switch K1, and the second end of the circuit branch is connected to the second end of the charging and discharging switch K1.
  • the control principle of the charging and discharging control circuit of the present application is: connect two battery packs in parallel to the control box of the electrical device to form a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, thereby controlling the operation of the electrical device.
  • this application sets up a control circulation circuit on the output circuit of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit to collect the magnitude and direction of the current, and process, analyze and compare the magnitude and direction of the current through the control unit, so as to judge whether the control switch K2 is Closure is required to eliminate or control circulation.
  • the charging and discharging switch is in the normally closed state.
  • the circulating current is caused.
  • the current sensor judges whether the current threshold is exceeded according to the magnitude and direction of the collected current. If the current threshold is exceeded, the control switch K2 is closed. Open the charge and discharge switch K1, due to the presence of resistance, it can reduce the size of the circulating current to avoid the phenomenon of lithium ionization in the lithium battery cell. At this time, if there is a discharge demand, close the charge and discharge switch K1, and normal discharge can be carried out;
  • the current sensor collects the current. If it exceeds the current threshold, the charge and discharge switch K1 is turned off and the control switch K2 is closed. At this time, due to the presence of resistance, the size of the circulating current can be reduced; when it is detected that there is a demand for power generation or through the control switch K2 If the current is less than the current threshold, the charging and discharging switch K1 is directly closed.
  • the magnitude of the current can be adjusted by adjusting the duty cycle of the control switch K2.

Abstract

本申请涉及充放电控制电路技术领域，尤其是涉及一种控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置。控制环流电路包括采集单元、控制单元，采集单元与电源端连接且用于采集电源端实时信息；控制单元包括存储模块、比较模块、开关模块、消除环流模块，存储模块与比较模块连接，比较模块与开关模块连接，开关模块与消除环流模块连接，比较模块与采集单元连接。本申请通过设置采集单元，来采集电源端的实时信息，采集单元将采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元，控制单元会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块中的设定信息通过比较模块进行处理、分析与比对等，判断是否存在环流问题，从而进一步控制开关模块是否需要与消除环流模块进行通电连接。

Description

控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置
本申请引用于2022年1月25日递交的名称为“控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置”的第202220205546.0号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及充放电控制电路技术领域，尤其是涉及的是一种控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置。
 背景技术
为了满足新能源汽车的动力需求，延长纯电续驶里程，车载动力电池经常以多包串联或者并联的方式连接。多包串联使用时，整个电池组同时充放，不存在单个电池包间因电压差异而产生环流，对电池产生影响。
 技术问题
但是，目前多个电池包并联后直接与汽车的电箱连接，仍然会存在以下问题：
（1）由于电池包的阻值差异，放电过程中很难保证每个电池包的电量一致，刹车的瞬间可能导致多个电池包之间出现环流。
（2）由于多个电池包电量的差异，在充电过程中，也会引起多个电池包之间的环流。
 技术解决方案
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过说明书、权利要求书以及其他说明书附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
本申请的目的在于针对上述问题，提供一种控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置，能够解决多个电池包并联后，由于电池包的阻值差异，放电过程中很难保证每个电池包的电量一致，刹车的瞬间可能导致多个电池包之间出现环流以及由于多个电池包电量的差异，在充电过程中，也会引起多个电池包之间的环流的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种控制环流电路。控制环流电路包括采集单元、控制单元。其中，采集单元与电源端连接且用于采集电源端实时信息；控制单元包括存储模块、比较模块、开关模块、消除环流模块，存储模块与比较模块连接，比较模块与开关模块连接，开关模块与消除环流模块连接，比较模块与采集单元连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过设置采集单元，来采集电源端的实时信息（例如：电源端的电压实时信息、电流实时信息、电阻实时信息等），采集单元将采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元，控制单元会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块中的设定信息通过比较模块进行处理、分析与比对等，判断是否存在环流问题，从而进一步控制开关模块是否需要与消除环流模块进行通电连接。本申请的控制环流电路构造简单，判断精确，控制速度快，消除环流效率高。
在一些实施例中，开关模块包括控制开关，控制开关与消除环流模块连接。通过将开关模块设置成控制开关，能够实现比较模块与消除环流模块的快速通电与断电，控制环流的效率得到大幅度的提升。
在一些实施例中，采集单元为电流传感器。通过将采集单元设置成电流传感器，电流传感器能够实时监测电源端的电流，并将监测到的电流信息发送给控制单元中的比较模块。
在一些实施例中，电源端实时信息为电流的大小与方向。通过直接采集电流的大小与方向，可以快速的判断出是否有环流的现象存在。
在一些实施例中，存储单元用于存储电流阈值。通过存储单元来对电流阈值进行储存，便于比较模块对接收到的电流信息进行处理、分析与比对。
在一些实施例中，消除环流模块至少包括一个电阻。通过将消除环流模块设置成电阻，即通过增加电阻，使得电路上的电阻增大，电流减小，从而消除了环流。
在一些实施例中，电阻为热敏电阻。热敏电阻具有灵敏度高，其电阻温度系数要比金属大10～100倍以上，能检测出10-6℃（摄氏度）的温度变化；工作温度范围宽，常温器件适用于-55℃～315℃，高温器件适用温度高于315℃（目前最高可达到2000℃），低温器件适用于-273℃～-55℃；体积小，能够测量其他温度计无法测量的空隙、腔体的温度；使用方便，电阻值可在0.1～100kΩ（千欧姆）间任意选择；易加工成复杂的形状，可大批量生产；稳定性好、过载能力强等特点。将电阻设置成热敏电阻，能够使得电路的电流快速减小，从而快速消除环流。
在一些实施例中，电源端为电池包。电池包里包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组，能够提供足够的电量，保证充放电过程顺畅。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种充放电电路。充放电电路包括电池组、控制箱，电池组包括m个并联的电池包、与电池包串联的充放电开关、设置在电池包正极或负极的控制环流电路；控制箱与电池组串联；控制环流电路为如上述中任一实施例中的控制环流电路；充放电开关闭合时，则形成放电电路；充放电开关断开时，则形成充电电路。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在充放电电路上设置了控制环流电路，控制环流电路中的采集单元会采集到电路中的电源端实时信息，并肩采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元中的比较模块，比较模块会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块内存储的电流阈值进行比对，从而判断电路中是否出现环流现象，进而判断控制环流电路是否需要通电，能够有效地避免因环流而导致锂电芯发生析锂现象引发安全问题。
在一些实施例中，控制开关与充放电开关并联。通过将控制开关与充放电开关并联起来，方便控制开关与充放电开关的断开与闭合。
在一些实施例中，控制开关的占空比为0%(全闭)到100%（全开）。通过合理控制控制开关的占空比大小，可以有效地调整电流的大小与方向，快速消除环流现象。
在一些实施例中，电阻的大小应满足最大压差/（电阻+电池包电阻阻抗）≤电池包温度条件下允许的最大充电电流。通过合理设置控制环流电路中电阻的大小，可以有效地消除环流现象，避免因环流而导致锂电芯发生析锂现象引发安全问题。
在一些实施例中，消除环流模块设置在电池包的正极或负极。通过将消除环流模块设置在电池包的正极或负极，能够快速地减小电流，消除环流，有效地阻止了环流对电池包正极或负极极片上的析锂现象，从而降低电池包的风险。
在一些实施例中， m≥2。通过设置电池包的个数，能够满足不同用电装置的需求，保证有足够的电量来提供给用电装置。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组。电池包里包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组，能够提供足够的电量，保证充放电过程顺畅。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池单体。电池包里包括多个串联和/或并联的电池单体，能够提供足够的电量，保证充放电过程顺畅。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括如上述任一实施例中的充放电电路。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，将多个电池包并联后与用电装置的控制箱连接，形成充电电路与放电电路，从而控制用电装置的运行。此外，本申请在充电电路与放电电路的输出回路上设置了控制环流电路，采集电流的大小与方向，并通过控制单元对电流大小与方向进行处理、分析与比对，从而判断控制开关是否需要闭合来消除或控制环流。具体为：
（1）充放电开关处于常闭状态，上电时，因为每个电池包电量的差异导致环流，电流传感器根据采集的电流的大小及方向判断是否超过电流阈值，如果超过电流阈值则闭合控制开关、断开充放电开关，由于电阻存在的作用下，可以起到减小环流大小避免引起锂电芯析锂的现象，此时如果有放电需求，则闭合充放电开关，可以进行正常放电；
（2）电池包放电过程中，紧急刹车时，因为每个电池包电量的差异，因此会出现环流。电流传感器采集电流大小，如果超过电流阈值，则断开充放电开关、闭合控制开关，此时由于电阻存在的作用下，可以减小环流大小；当检测到有发电需求或者通过控制开关的电流小于电流阈值，则直接闭合充放电开关。
（3）极端情况下，可以通过调整控制开关的占空比来调整电流的大小。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本公开。
无疑的，本申请的此类目的与其他目的在下文以多种附图与绘图来描述的较佳实施例细节说明后将变为更加显见。
为让本申请的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举一个或数个较佳实施例，并配合所示附图，作详细说明如下。
 有益效果
通过采用上述的技术方案，本申请的有益效果是：
（1）本申请通过设置采集单元，来采集电源端的实时信息（例如：电源端的电压实时信息、电流实时信息、电阻实时信息等），采集单元将采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元，控制单元会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块中的设定信息通过比较模块进行处理、分析与比对等，判断是否存在环流问题，从而进一步控制开关模块是否需要与消除环流模块进行通电连接。本申请的控制环流电路构造简单，判断精确，控制速度快，消除环流效率高。
（2）本申请通过在充放电电路上设置了控制环流电路，控制环流电路中的采集单元会采集到电路中的电源端实时信息，并肩采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元中的比较模块，比较模块会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块内存储的电流阈值进行比对，从而判断电路中是否出现环流现象，进而判断控制环流电路是否需要通电，能够有效地避免因环流而导致锂电芯发生析锂现象引发安全问题。
（3）本申请将多个电池包并联后与用电装置的控制箱连接，形成充电电路与放电电路，从而控制用电装置的运行。此外，本申请在充电电路与放电电路的输出回路上设置了控制环流电路，采集电流的大小与方向，并通过控制单元对电流大小与方向进行处理、分析与比对，从而判断控制开关是否需要闭合来消除或控制环流。
 附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例共同用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的限制。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记，并且附图是示意性的，并不一定按照实际的比例绘制。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一个或数个实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据此类附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例的充放电控制电路示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，二次电池的应用越加广泛。二次电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着二次电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
汽车是现代社会的重要交通工具，也是国民经济的重要支柱产业。随着我国经济持续快速发展和城镇化进程加速推进，今后较长一段时期汽车需求量仍将保持增长势头，由此带来的能源紧张和环境污染问题将更加突出。加快培育和发展节能汽车与新能源汽车，既是有效缓解能源和环境压力，也是推动汽车产业可持续发展的紧迫任务。近几年，新能源行业凭借自身优势，再加上各国政府的政策法规支持，电动汽车取得了巨大的发展。
为了满足新能源汽车的动力需求，延长纯电续驶里程，车载动力电池经常以多电池包串联或者并联的方式连接。多电池包串联使用时，整个电池组同时充放，不存在单个电池包间因电压差异而产生环流，对电池产生影响。但是，多电池包并联后直接与汽车的电箱连接，仍然会存在以下问题：
（1）由于电池包的阻值差异，放电过程中很难保证每个电池包的电量一致，可能导致多个电池包之间出现环流。
（2）由于多个电池包电量的差异，在充电过程中，也会引起多个电池包之间的环流。
申请人发现，环流的产生会引起电池包中锂电芯出现析锂现象。如果锂电芯的正极或负极析锂会形成大量的锂枝晶，锂枝晶会对电池包产生影响，从而降低了电池包的安全性能，也缩短电池包的使用寿命，包括：一方面锂枝晶可能会刺穿隔膜造成内短路，引发热失控；另一方面，在充电过程中产生的焦耳热、反应热和极化热使得电芯温度升高，而锂枝晶在较高的温度下会与电解液发生剧烈的反应，电芯温度快速上升到200℃以上，然后发生一系列反应，最终导致电芯热失控。
因此，申请人经过深入的研究，意外地发现，通过控制环流的大小或者消除环流的产生，能够减小环流对电池包中锂电芯的冲击与影响。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种控制环流电路。控制环流电路包括采集单元、控制单元。其中，采集单元与电源端连接且用于采集电源端实时信息；控制单元包括存储模块、比较模块、开关模块、消除环流模块，存储模块与比较模块连接，比较模块与开关模块连接，开关模块与消除环流模块连接，比较模块与采集单元连接。
采集单元，其用于采集电源端的实时信息，例如电压、电流、电阻等信息。
存储模块，其用于存储电路中的一些信息的阈值或设定值，例如电压阈值、电流阈值、电阻阈值等。
比较模块，其用于接收采集单元采集到的信息，并将其与存储模块中的阈值或设定值进行比对分析与处理。
开关模块，其用于控制该控制环流电路的断电与通电。
消除环流模块，其用于减小环流的大小或者用于消除环流。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过设置采集单元，来采集电源端的实时信息（例如：电源端的电压实时信息、电流实时信息、电阻实时信息等），采集单元将采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元，控制单元会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块中的设定信息通过比较模块进行处理、分析与比对等，判断是否存在环流问题，从而进一步控制开关模块是否需要与消除环流模块进行通电连接。本申请的控制环流电路构造简单，判断精确，控制速度快，消除环流效率高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，开关模块包括控制开关，控制开关与消除环流模块连接。通过将开关模块设置成控制开关，能够实现比较模块与消除环流模块的快速通电与断电，控制环流的效率得到大幅度的提升。
根据本申请的一些实施例，采集单元为电流传感器。通过将采集单元设置成电流传感器，电流传感器能够实时监测电源端的电流，并将监测到的电流信息发送给控制单元中的比较模块。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电源端信息可以为电源端实时信息。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电源端实时信息为电流的大小与方向。通过直接采集电流的大小与方向，可以判断出是否有环流的现象存在。
在本实施例中，电源端实时信息可以包括电源端的电流大小和电流方向，电池包正常放电时，其电流方向为正向，即电流方向为电池包的正极向负极的方向，多个电池包并联时，由于多个电池包的内阻、容量等参数无法保证完全一致，多个电池包并联后的放电过程很难保证电量一致，因此电池包之间容易出现电压差，导致其中一个或者多个电池包中出现反向电流，因此，当流过某一个电池包的电流方向与正向电流方向相反时，即可判断该电池包出现环流现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，存储单元用于存储电流阈值。通过存储单元来对电流阈值进行储存，便于比较模块对接收到的电流信息进行处理、分析与比对。
根据本申请的一些实施例，消除环流模块至少包括一个电阻。消除环流模块可以为电阻，电阻的个数不限制，若电阻的个数为多个，则电阻与电阻之间的连接方式可以为串联。
根据本申请的一些实施例，若电阻的个数为多个，则电阻与电阻之间的连接方式还可以为并联。
根据本申请的一些实施例，若电阻的个数为多个，则电阻与电阻之间的连接方式还可以为若干个电阻并联后，与其他电阻串联的方式连接。
通过将消除环流模块设置成电阻，即通过增加电阻，使得电路上的电阻增大，电流减小，从而消除了环流。
根据本申请的一些实施例，消除环流模块可以由多个电阻组成，多个电阻串联。
根据本申请的一些实施例，消除环流模块可以由多个电阻组成，多个电阻并联。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电阻为热敏电阻。热敏电阻具有灵敏度高，其电阻温度系数要比金属大10～100倍以上，能检测出10-6℃的温度变化；工作温度范围宽，常温器件适用于-55℃～315℃，高温器件适用温度高于315℃（目前最高可达到2000℃），低温器件适用于-273℃～-55℃；体积小，能够测量其他温度计无法测量的空隙、腔体的温度；使用方便，电阻值可在0.1～100kΩ间任意选择；易加工成复杂的形状，可大批量生产；稳定性好、过载能力强等特点。将电阻设置成热敏电阻，能够使得电路的电流快速减小，从而快速消除环流。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电源端为电池包。电池包里包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组，能够提供足够的电量，保证充放电过程顺畅。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例的充放电控制电路示意图。本申请提供了一种充放电电路。充放电电路包括电池组、控制箱，电池组包括m个并联的电池包、与电池包串联的充放电开关、设置在电池包正极或负极的控制环流电路；控制箱与电池组串联；控制环流电路为如上述中任一实施例中的控制环流电路；充放电开关闭合时，则形成放电电路；充放电开关断开时，则形成充电电路。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在充放电电路上设置了控制环流电路，控制环流电路中的采集单元会采集到电路中的电源端实时信息，并肩采集到的电源端实时信息发送给控制单元中的比较模块，比较模块会将接收到的电源端实时信息与存储模块内存储的电流阈值进行比对，从而判断电路中是否出现环流现象，进而判断控制环流电路是否需要通电，能够有效地避免因环流而导致锂电芯发生析锂现象引发安全问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例，控制开关与充放电开关并联。通过将控制开关与充放电开关并联起来，方便控制开关与充放电开关的断开与闭合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，控制开关的占空比为0%(全闭)到100%（全开）。通过合理控制控制开关的占空比大小，可以有效地调整电流的大小与方向，快速消除环流现象。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电阻的大小应满足最大压差/（电阻+电池包电阻阻抗）≤电池包温度条件下允许的最大充电电流。通过合理设置控制环流电路中电阻的大小，可以有效地消除环流现象，避免因环流而导致锂电芯发生析锂现象引发安全问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例，消除环流模块设置在电池包的正极或负极。通过将消除环流模块设置在电池包的正极或负极，能够快速地减小电流，消除环流，有效地阻止了环流对电池包正极或负极极片上的析锂现象，从而降低电池包的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，m≥2。通过设置电池包的个数，能够满足不同用电装置的需求，保证有足够的电量来提供给用电装置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组。电池包里包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组，能够提供足够的电量，保证充放电过程顺畅。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池单体。电池包里包括多个串联和/或并联的电池单体，能够提供足够的电量，保证充放电过程顺畅。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括如上述任一实施例中的充放电电路。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，将多个电池包并联后与用电装置的控制箱连接，形成充电电路与放电电路，从而控制用电装置的运行。此外，本申请在充电电路与放电电路的输出回路上设置了控制环流电路，采集电流的大小与方向，并通过控制单元对电流大小与方向进行处理、分析与比对，从而判断控制开关是否需要闭合来消除或控制环流。具体为：
（1）充放电开关处于常闭状态，上电时，因为每个电池包电量的差异导致环流，电流传感器根据采集的电流的大小及方向判断是否超过电流阈值，如果超过电流阈值则闭合控制开关、断开充放电开关，由于电阻存在的作用下，可以起到减小环流大小避免引起锂电芯析锂的现象，此时如果有放电需求，则闭合充放电开关，可以进行正常放电；
（2）电池包放电过程中，紧急刹车时，因为每个电池包电量的差异，因此会出现环流。电流传感器采集电流大小，如果超过电流阈值，则断开充放电开关、闭合控制开关，此时由于电阻存在的作用下，可以减小环流大小；当检测到有发电需求或者通过控制开关的电流小于电流阈值，则直接闭合充放电开关。
（3）极端情况下，可以通过调整控制开关的占空比来调整电流的大小。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，本申请的种电池模组。电池模组包括电池单体。电池模组所含电池单体的数量可以为一个或多个，具体数量本领域技术人员可根据电池模组的应用和容量进行选择。
在电池模组中，多个电池单体可以是沿电池模组的长度方向依次排列设置。当然，也可以按照其他任意的方式进行排布。进一步可以通过紧固件将该多个电池单体进行固定。
在一些实施例中，电池模组还可以包括具有容纳空间的外壳，多个电池单体容纳于该容纳空间。
根据本申请的一些实施例方式，本申请的电池包包括电池模组。电池包所含电池模组的数量可以为一个或多个，具体数量本领域技术人员可根据电池包的应用和容量进行选择。
在电池包中可以包括电池箱和设置于电池箱中的多个电池模组。电池箱包括上箱体和下箱体，上箱体能够盖设于下箱体，并形成用于容纳电池模组的封闭空间。多个电池模组可以按照任意的方式排布于电池箱中。
此外，根据本申请的一些实施方式，本申请还提供一种用电装置。用电装置包括本申请提供的电池单体、电池模组、电池包中的至少一种。电池单体、电池模组、电池包可以用作用电装置的电源，也可以用作用电装置的能量存储单元。用电装置可以包括移动设备（例如手机、笔记本电脑等）、电动车辆（例如纯电动车、混合动力电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、电动自行车、电动踏板车、电动高尔夫球车、电动卡车等）、电气列车、船舶及卫星、储能系统等，但不限于此。
作为用电装置，可以根据其使用需求来选择电池单体、电池模组或电池包。
该用电装置为纯电动车、混合动力电动车、或插电式混合动力电动车等。为了满足该用电装置对电池单体的高功率和高能量密度的需求，可以采用电池包或电池模组。
在一些实施方式中，用电装置可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。该用电装置通常要求轻薄化，可以采用电池单体作为电源。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例的充放电控制电路示意图。本申请提供了一种充放电控制电路。该充放电控制电路包括电池组、控制箱，电池组与控制箱串联。其中，电池组包括两个并联的电池包、两个控制环流电路、两个充放电开关K1，控制环流电路设置在电池包的正极或负极，每个电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组。每个控制环流电路均包括电流传感器、控制板（即控制单元中的存储模块与比较模块）、控制开关K2、电阻。该充放电控制电路的连接关系具体如下：
每个电池包的连接关系为电流传感器、电池包的负极、充放电开关K1串联起来，电流传感器连接在电池包的负极与充放电开关K1的之间，控制开关K2与电阻串联后与充放电开关K1并联，控制板设置在电流传感器与控制开关K2之间；两个电池包并联之后，直接与控制箱串联。
在一个实施例中，若控制环流电路中的电阻个数为多个时，多个电阻串联连接后与控制开关K2串联连接以组成一个电路支路。该电路支路与充放电开关K1并联，例如，该电路支路的第一端与充放电开关K1的第一端连接，该电路支路的第二端与充放电开关K1的第二端连接。
在一个实施例中，若控制环流电路中的电阻个数为多个时，多个电阻并联连接后与控制开关K2串联连接组成一个电路支路，该电路支路与充放电开关K1并联，例如，该电路支路的第一端与充放电开关K1的第一端连接，该电路支路的第二端与充放电开关K1的第二端连接。
本申请的充放电控制电路的控制原理为：将两个电池包并联后与用电装置的控制箱连接，形成充电电路与放电电路，从而控制用电装置的运行。此外，本申请在充电电路与放电电路的输出回路上设置了控制环流电路，采集电流的大小与方向，并通过控制单元对电流大小与方向进行处理、分析与比对，从而判断控制开关K2是否需要闭合来消除或控制环流。具体为：
充放电开关处于常闭状态，上电时，因为每个电池包电量的差异导致环流，电流传感器根据采集的电流的大小及方向判断是否超过电流阈值，如果超过电流阈值则闭合控制开关K2、断开充放电开关K1，由于电阻存在的作用下，可以起到减小环流大小避免引起锂电芯析锂的现象，此时如果有放电需求，则闭合充放电开关K1，可以进行正常放电；
电池包放电过程中，紧急刹车时，因为每个电池包电量的差异，因此会出现环流。电流传感器采集电流大小，如果超过电流阈值，则断开充放电开关K1、闭合控制开关K2，此时由于电阻存在的作用下，可以减小环流大小；当检测到有发电需求或者通过控制开关K2的电流小于电流阈值，则直接闭合充放电开关K1。
极端情况下，可以通过调整控制开关K2的占空比来调整电流的大小。
应该理解的是，本申请所公开的实施例不限于这里所公开的特定处理步骤或材料，而应当延伸到相关领域的普通技术人员所理解的此类特征的等同替代。还应当理解的是，在此使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，而并不意味着限制。
说明书中提到的“实施例”意指结合实施例描述的特定特征或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，说明书通篇各个地方出现的短语或“实施例”并不一定均指同一个实施例。
此外，所描述的特征或特性可以任何其他合适的方式结合到一个或多个实施例中。在上面的描述中，提供一些具体的细节，例如厚度、数量等，以提供对本申请的实施例的全面理解。然而，相关领域的技术人员将明白，本申请无需上述一个或多个具体的细节便可实现或者也可采用其他方法、组件、材料等实现。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种控制环流电路，其中，所述控制环流电路包括：
    采集单元，其与电源端连接且用于采集电源端信息；
    控制单元，其包括存储模块、比较模块、开关模块、消除环流模块，所述存储模块与所述比较模块连接，所述比较模块与所述开关模块连接，所述开关模块与所述消除环流模块连接，所述比较模块与所述采集单元连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述开关模块包括控制开关，所述控制开关与所述消除环流模块连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述采集单元为电流传感器。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述电源端信息为电源端实时信息。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述电源端实时信息为电流的大小与方向。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述存储单元用于存储电流阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述消除环流模块至少包括一个电阻。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述电阻为热敏电阻。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的控制环流电路，其中，所述电源端为电池包。
  10. 一种充放电电路，其中，包括：
    电池组，其包括m个并联的电池包、与所述电池包串联的充放电开关、设置在所述电池包正极或负极的控制环流电路；
    控制箱，其与所述电池组串联；
    所述控制环流电路为如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的控制环流电路；
    所述充放电开关闭合时，则形成放电电路；所述充放电开关断开时，则形成充电电路。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的充放电电路，其中，所述控制开关与所述充放电开关并联。
  12. 根据权利要求10-11中任意一项所述的充放电电路，其中，所述电阻的大小应满足最大压差/（电阻+电池包电阻阻抗）≤电池包温度条件下允许的最大充电电流。
  13. 根据权利要求10-12中任意一项所述的充放电电路，其中，所述消除环流模块设置在所述电池包的正极或负极。
  14. 根据权利要求10-13中任意一项所述的充放电电路，其中，所述m≥2。
  15. 根据权利要求10-14中任意一项所述的充放电电路，其中，所述电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池模组。
  16. 根据权利要求10-14中任意一项所述的充放电电路，其中，所述电池包包括多个串联和/或并联的电池单体。
  17. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求10-16中任意一项所述的充放电电路。
PCT/CN2022/144237 2022-01-25 2022-12-30 控制环流电路、充放电电路及用电装置 WO2023142896A1 (zh)

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