WO2023139702A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023139702A1 WO2023139702A1 PCT/JP2022/001825 JP2022001825W WO2023139702A1 WO 2023139702 A1 WO2023139702 A1 WO 2023139702A1 JP 2022001825 W JP2022001825 W JP 2022001825W WO 2023139702 A1 WO2023139702 A1 WO 2023139702A1
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- Prior art keywords
- load
- refrigerant
- side unit
- heat source
- unit
- Prior art date
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 228
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 103
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 98
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle device capable of simultaneously performing cooling operation and heating operation for a plurality of air-conditioned spaces.
- Patent Document 1 there is known an air conditioner that is a simultaneous cooling and heating model capable of simultaneously performing cooling operation and heating operation for a plurality of air-conditioned spaces (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the air conditioner described in Patent Document 1 is composed of a heat source side unit, a relay unit, and a plurality of load side units, and the heat source side unit and the relay unit are connected by two connecting pipes.
- the relay unit is provided with a plurality of electromagnetic valves, one for cooling operation and one for heating operation, which requires at least two for each connected load side unit. Since this solenoid valve has a structure that cannot close the reverse flow, it is necessary to set the direction of the refrigerant flowing between the heat source side unit and the relay unit to be the same for cooling operation and heating operation. Therefore, the refrigerant piping in the heat source side unit is provided with four check valves. With such a configuration, in both the cooling operation and the heating operation, the direction of flow of the refrigerant flowing in the two connecting pipes connected between the heat source side unit and the relay unit is always opposite to each other, and stable operation of the air conditioner is realized.
- Patent Document 1 requires a large number of valves, including four check valves in the heat source side unit and multiple solenoid valves in the relay unit, which complicates the circuit and increases the number of parts. As a result, there are issues such as increased costs, poor serviceability, increased risk of failure, and decreased performance due to increased refrigerant pressure loss due to the increased number of valves in the circuit.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-described problems in the conventional technology, and aims to provide a refrigeration cycle device that can reduce the number of parts and can perform stable operation even when the number of parts is reduced.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a heat source side unit having a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger, a plurality of load side units each having a throttle device and a load side heat exchanger, and a relay unit connected between the heat source side unit and the load side unit, having a plurality of three-way valves provided corresponding to the load side units for switching the flow of refrigerant, and distributing the low temperature refrigerant to the load side unit performing cooling operation and distributing the high temperature refrigerant to the load side unit performing heating operation.
- the three-way valve switches the flow of the refrigerant so that the refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side unit flows into the load side unit or the refrigerant flowing out of the load side unit flows into the heat source side unit, depending on the operating conditions.
- a plurality of three-way valves are provided corresponding to a plurality of load side units, and the refrigerant flow is switched according to the operating state.
- pressure loss can be reduced by reducing the number of parts, deterioration in performance can be suppressed and stable operation can be performed.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in the air conditioner of FIG. 1 in a cooling only operation mode;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in a cooling main operation mode in the air conditioner of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in a heating only operation mode in the air conditioner of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in a heating main operation mode in the air conditioner of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in the partial load stop operation mode in the air conditioner of FIG. 1;
- Embodiment 1 A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described.
- An air conditioner as a refrigeration cycle device will be described below as an example.
- An air conditioner which is a refrigerating cycle device, is installed in, for example, a building, an apartment building, etc., and can perform cooling operation or heating operation using a refrigerating cycle that circulates a refrigerant.
- the air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 can perform only cooling operation, only heating operation, or simultaneous cooling and heating operation for a plurality of air-conditioned spaces.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- An air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1 includes a heat source side unit 10 , a plurality of load side units 20 , a relay unit 30 and a control device 40 .
- the example of FIG. 1 shows a case where the air conditioner 100 is composed of one heat source side unit 10, two load side units 20a and 20b, and one relay unit 30.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 An air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1 includes a heat source side unit 10 , a plurality of load side units 20 , a relay unit 30 and a control device 40 .
- the example of FIG. 1 shows a case where the air conditioner 100 is composed of one heat source side unit 10, two load side units 20a and 20b, and one relay unit 30.
- the heat source side unit 10 and the relay unit 30 are connected by the gas pipe 1 and the liquid pipe 2 .
- the relay unit 30 and the load side unit 20a are connected by the gas branch pipe 3a and the liquid branch pipe 4a, and the relay unit 30 and the load side unit 20b are connected by the gas branch pipe 3b and the liquid branch pipe 4b.
- a refrigerating cycle is formed by connecting the heat source side unit 10, the relay unit 30, and the load side units 20a and 20b with respective pipes.
- the number of load-side units 20 is not limited to this example, and may be three or more.
- the number of heat source side units 10 and relay units 30 may be, for example, two or more.
- the heat source side unit 10 is provided to supply heat to the load side unit 20 .
- the heat source side unit 10 includes a compressor 11 , a refrigerant flow switching device 12 , a heat source side heat exchanger 13 and an accumulator 14 .
- the compressor 11 sucks in a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure state, and discharges it.
- the compressor 11 for example, an inverter compressor or the like is used, which can control the capacity, which is the amount of refrigerant delivered per unit time, by arbitrarily changing the drive frequency.
- a driving frequency of the compressor 11 is controlled by the control device 40 .
- the compressor 11 is not limited to the inverter type, and may be, for example, a constant speed type compressor or a compressor combining an inverter type and a constant speed type. Further, the compressor 11 may be of any type as long as it can compress the sucked refrigerant to a high pressure state, and may be of various types such as a reciprocating, rotary, scroll or screw type.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 12 is, for example, a four-way valve, and switches between cooling operation and heating operation by switching the direction of refrigerant flow. Switching of the refrigerant flow switching device 12 is controlled by the control device 40 . Note that the refrigerant flow switching device 12 is not limited to this example, and may be configured by combining other valves such as a two-way valve or a three-way valve.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat between a fluid such as outdoor air or water and the refrigerant. Specifically, the heat source side heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser that radiates the heat of the refrigerant to the outdoor air to condense and liquefy the refrigerant during the cooling operation. Further, the heat source side heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator that evaporates and gasifies the refrigerant during heating operation and absorbs heat from the outdoor air as heat of vaporization.
- the heat source side unit 10 is provided with a blower (not shown) such as a heat source side fan for supplying outdoor air to the heat source side heat exchanger 13.
- a blower such as a heat source side fan for supplying outdoor air to the heat source side heat exchanger 13.
- the heat source side unit 10 When the heat source side heat exchanger 13 is a water-cooled heat exchanger, the heat source side unit 10 is provided with a water circulation pump (not shown) for circulating fluid such as water and supplying it to the heat source side heat exchanger 13.
- a water circulation pump (not shown) for circulating fluid such as water and supplying it to the heat source side heat exchanger 13.
- the accumulator 14 is provided on the low pressure side, which is the suction side of the compressor 11 .
- the accumulator 14 stores surplus refrigerant caused by the difference in operating conditions between cooling operation and heating operation, surplus refrigerant due to transient changes in operation, and the like. Note that the accumulator 14 may not necessarily be provided.
- the load-side units 20a and 20b supply heat from the heat source-side unit 10 to the cooling load or heating load, respectively, for cooling and heating.
- the load side unit 20a includes a load side expansion device 21a and a load side heat exchanger 22a.
- the load side unit 20b includes a load side expansion device 21b and a load side heat exchanger 22b.
- load-side unit 20 when there is no particular need to distinguish between the load-side units 20a and 20b, they will be simply referred to as "load-side unit 20".
- the load side expansion device 21a and the load side expansion device 21b have the same configuration, and the load side heat exchanger 22a and the load side heat exchanger 22b have the same configuration. Therefore, the load side expansion device 21a and the load side heat exchanger 22a will be described below as an example.
- the load-side expansion device 21a functions as a pressure reducing valve and an expansion valve, and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant to decompress and expand the refrigerant.
- the load-side expansion device 21a is composed of, for example, a valve whose opening degree can be controlled, such as an electronic expansion valve. In this case, the opening degree of the load side expansion device 21a is controlled by the control device 40.
- FIG. Note that the load-side expansion device 21a is not limited to this example, and other expansion devices such as capillary tubes may be used.
- the load-side heat exchanger 22a exchanges heat between the indoor air or a fluid such as water and the refrigerant. Specifically, the load-side heat exchanger 22a functions as an evaporator that evaporates and gasifies the refrigerant during the cooling operation and absorbs heat from the outdoor air as heat of vaporization. In addition, the load-side heat exchanger 22a functions as a condenser that radiates the heat of the refrigerant to the indoor air to condense and liquefy the refrigerant during the heating operation.
- the load-side unit 20a is generally provided with a blower (not shown) such as a load-side fan for supplying indoor air to the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the controller 40 controls the rotation speed of the load-side fan, thereby controlling the evaporating capacity or the condensing capacity of the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the relay unit 30 switches the flow of the refrigerant according to the operating conditions of the load-side unit 20 so that the low-temperature refrigerant is distributed to the load-side unit 20 that performs the cooling operation, and the high-temperature refrigerant is distributed to the load-side unit 20 that performs the heating operation.
- the relay unit 30 includes a gas-liquid separator 31, a first expansion device 32, a second expansion device 33, and three-way valves 34a and 34b.
- the three-way valves 34a and 34b are simply referred to as the "three-way valve 34".
- connection pipe 5 connects the gas side of the gas-liquid separator 31 and the three-way valves 34a and 34b, and is a pipe through which gas refrigerant flows.
- connection pipe 6 is a pipe that connects the liquid side of the gas-liquid separator 31 and the load side unit 20 and through which the liquid refrigerant flows.
- the relay pipe 7 is provided to relay the connection pipe 5 and the connection pipe 6 .
- the gas-liquid separator 31 is provided on the liquid pipe 2 and connected to the connection pipe 5 and the connection pipe 6 .
- the gas-liquid separator 31 separates the two-phase refrigerant flowing through the liquid pipe 2 into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 31 is supplied via the connecting pipe 5 to the three-way valves 34a and 34b.
- the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 31 is supplied to the first expansion device 32 through the connecting pipe 6 .
- the first throttle device 32 is provided on the connecting pipe 6 .
- the first expansion device 32 functions as a pressure reducing valve and an expansion valve, and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant to decompress and expand the refrigerant.
- the first throttle device 32 is composed of, for example, a valve such as an electronic expansion valve whose degree of opening can be controlled. In this case, the opening degree of the first throttle device 32 is controlled by the control device 40 .
- the first expansion device 32 is not limited to this example, and other expansion devices such as capillary tubes may be used.
- the second throttle device 33 is provided on the relay pipe 7 .
- the second expansion device 33 functions as a pressure reducing valve and an expansion valve, and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant to decompress and expand the refrigerant.
- the second throttle device 33 is composed of, for example, a valve such as an electronic expansion valve whose degree of opening can be controlled. In this case, the opening degree of the second throttle device 33 is controlled by the control device 40 .
- the second expansion device 33 is not limited to this example, and other expansion devices such as capillary tubes may be used.
- the three-way valve 34 switches the direction of refrigerant flow according to the operating conditions of the load-side unit 20 .
- the three-way valves 34 are provided according to the number of load-side units 20, and in the example of FIG. 1, three-way valves 34a and 34b are provided to correspond to the load-side units 20a and 20b, respectively.
- the three-way valve 34 a is connected to the connection pipe 5 , the gas branch pipe 3 a and the gas pipe 1 .
- the three-way valve 34 b is connected to the connection pipe 5 , the gas branch pipe 3 b and the gas pipe 1 .
- the three-way valve 34a switches connection so that the gas branch pipe 3a communicates with either the gas pipe 1 or the connection pipe 5 according to the operating conditions of the load side unit 20a.
- the three-way valve 34a switches connection so that the gas branch pipe 3b communicates with either the gas pipe 1 or the connection pipe 5 according to the operating conditions of the load side unit 20b.
- the three-way valves 34a and 34b can also be set so that the gas branch pipes 3a and 3b are connected to neither the gas pipe 1 nor the connection pipe 5. Specifically, the three-way valve 34a switches the connection so that the gas branch pipe 3a is connected to neither the gas pipe 1 nor the connection pipe 5 when the operation of the load side unit 20a is stopped. Further, the three-way valve 34b switches the connection so that the gas branch pipe 3b is connected to neither the gas pipe 1 nor the connection pipe 5 when the operation of the load side unit 20b is stopped.
- control device 40 The control device 40 controls the entire air conditioner 100 .
- the control device 40 controls the refrigerant flow switching device 12, the load side expansion devices 21a and 21b, the first expansion device 32, the second expansion device 33, the three-way valves 34a and 34b, etc., according to the operation mode of the air conditioner 100.
- the control device 40 implements various functions by executing software on an arithmetic device such as a microcomputer, or is configured with hardware such as circuit devices that implement various functions.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 operates in one of the cooling-only operation, cooling-main operation, heating-only operation, and heating-main operation.
- the cooling-only operation is an operation in which all load-side units 20 perform cooling operation.
- the cooling-dominant operation is an operation that is performed when the cooling load of the load-side unit 20 that performs the cooling operation exceeds the heating load of the load-side unit 20 that performs the heating operation.
- the heating only operation is an operation in which all the load side units 20 perform the heating operation.
- the heating-dominant operation is an operation that is performed when the heating load of the load-side unit 20 that performs the heating operation exceeds the cooling load of the load-side unit 20 that performs the cooling operation.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in the air conditioner of FIG. 1 in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode all the load side units 20a and 20b perform cooling operation.
- the flow path indicated by a thick line is the refrigerant flow path during the cooling only operation mode, and the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path is indicated by arrows.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 12 in the heat source side unit 10 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the heat source side heat exchanger 13 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 11 and the gas pipe 1 are connected.
- the three-way valves 34a and 34b are switched respectively so that the gas pipe 1 and the gas branch pipes 3a and 3b are connected.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerant flow switching device 12 .
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 is condensed while exchanging heat with outdoor air and releasing heat, and flows out of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 13 as a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 13 passes through the liquid pipe 2 , flows out of the heat source side unit 10 , and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 flows through the gas-liquid separator 31 into the first expansion device 32, where it is decompressed and expanded to become intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant After passing through the connection pipe 6 , the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant is branched to the liquid branch pipes 4 a and 4 b and flows out from the relay unit 30 .
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the relay unit 30 passes through the liquid branch pipes 4a and 4b and flows into the load side units 20a and 20b.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a is decompressed and expanded by the load-side expansion device 21a to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, which flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side heat exchanger 22a exchanges heat with the indoor air, absorbs heat, and evaporates to cool the indoor air, becoming a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22 a passes through the gas branch pipe 3 a, flows out of the load-side unit 20 a, and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20b also becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant through the load-side expansion device 21b and the load-side heat exchanger 22b, like the refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a. Then, the low-pressure gas refrigerant passes through the gas branch pipe 3b, flows out from the load-side unit 20b, and flows into the relay unit 30. As shown in FIG.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 reaches the gas pipe 1 via the three-way valves 34 a and 34 b, flows out from the relay unit 30 , and then flows into the heat source side unit 10 .
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side unit 10 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the accumulator 14 and is sucked into the compressor 11 . Thereafter, the above-described circulation is repeated.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in the air conditioner of FIG. 1 in the cooling main operation mode.
- the load side unit 20a performs cooling operation and the load side unit 20b performs heating operation will be described as an example.
- the flow path indicated by a thick line is the refrigerant flow path in the cooling main operation mode, and the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path is indicated by arrows.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 12 in the heat source side unit 10 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the heat source side heat exchanger 13 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 11 and the gas pipe 1 are connected. Also, the three-way valve 34a is switched so that the gas pipe 1 and the gas branch pipe 3a are connected. The three-way valve 34b is switched so that the connection pipe 5 and the gas branch pipe 3b are connected.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerant flow switching device 12 .
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 is condensed while exchanging heat with outdoor air to release heat, and flows out of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 13 as a high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 13 passes through the liquid pipe 2 , flows out of the heat source side unit 10 , and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 flows into the gas-liquid separator 31 and is separated into a high-pressure gas refrigerant and a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 31 passes through the connecting pipe 5, passes through the gas branch pipe 3b via the three-way valve 34b, and flows out from the relay unit 30.
- the high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 30 flows into the load side unit 20b.
- the high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20b flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22b, heats the indoor air by condensing while exchanging heat with the room air and releasing heat, and becomes high-pressure liquid refrigerant and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22b.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22b is decompressed and expanded by the load-side throttle device 21b to become an intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 is divided after passing through the liquid branch pipe 4b, and one part flows out of the relay unit 30 after passing through the liquid branch pipe 4a.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 30 flows into the load-side unit 20a.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a is decompressed and expanded by the load-side throttle device 21a to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, which flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side heat exchanger 22a exchanges heat with the indoor air, absorbs heat, and evaporates to cool the indoor air, becoming a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22 a passes through the gas branch pipe 3 a, flows out of the load-side unit 20 a, and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 reaches the gas pipe 1 via the three-way valve 34a.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 31 flows into the first expansion device 32 after passing through the connecting pipe 6, where it is decompressed and expanded to become an intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first expansion device 32 flows into the relay unit 30 from the load-side unit 20 b , joins the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that is branched, and passes through the relay pipe 7 .
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant passing through the relay pipe 7 is decompressed and expanded by the second expansion device 33 to become a low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant reaches the gas pipe 1 , joins the low-pressure gas refrigerant passing through the gas pipe 1 via the three-way valve 34 a , and flows out from the relay unit 30 .
- the low-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the relay unit 30 flows into the heat source side unit 10 via the gas pipe 1 .
- the low-pressure refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side unit 10 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the accumulator 14 and is sucked into the compressor 11 . Thereafter, the above-described circulation is repeated.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in the air conditioner of FIG. 1 in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode all the load side units 20a and 20b perform heating operation.
- the flow path indicated by the thick line is the refrigerant flow path in the heating only operation mode, and the arrow indicates the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 12 in the heat source side unit 10 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the gas pipe 1 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 11 and the heat source side heat exchanger 13 are connected.
- the three-way valves 34a and 34b are switched respectively so that the gas pipe 1 and the gas branch pipes 3a and 3b are connected.
- the second expansion device 33 is fully closed or slightly opened.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows out of the heat source side unit 10 via the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the gas pipe 1 and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into relay unit 30 passes through gas branch pipes 3a and 3b via three-way valves 34a and 34b, then flows out of relay unit 30 and into load-side units 20a and 20b.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22a, heats the indoor air by condensing while exchanging heat with the indoor air and releasing heat, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a is decompressed and expanded by the load-side throttle device 21a to become a low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20b also becomes low-pressure liquid refrigerant through the load-side heat exchanger 22b and the load-side expansion device 21b, like the refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a. Then, the low-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the liquid branch pipe 4b, flows out from the load-side unit 20b, and flows into the relay unit 30. As shown in FIG. The low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 flows out of the relay unit 30 via the gas-liquid separator 31 .
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 30 flows into the heat source side unit 10 via the liquid pipe 2 .
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side unit 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 13 .
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat with outdoor air, absorbs heat, evaporates, and flows out of the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 as a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 13 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the accumulator 14 and is sucked into the compressor 11 . Thereafter, the above-described circulation is repeated.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the flow of refrigerant in the air conditioner of FIG. 1 in the heating main operation mode.
- the load side unit 20a performs the heating operation
- the load side unit 20b performs the cooling operation.
- the flow path indicated by the thick line is the refrigerant flow path in the heating main operation mode
- the arrow indicates the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 12 in the heat source side unit 10 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the gas pipe 1 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 11 and the heat source side heat exchanger 13 are connected. Also, the three-way valve 34a is switched so that the gas pipe 1 and the gas branch pipe 3a are connected. The three-way valve 34b is switched so that the connection pipe 5 and the gas branch pipe 3b are connected.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows out of the heat source side unit 10 via the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the gas pipe 1 and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 passes through the gas branch pipe 3a via the three-way valve 34a, then flows out of the relay unit 30 and flows into the load side unit 20a.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22a, heats the indoor air by condensing while exchanging heat with the indoor air and releasing heat, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a is decompressed and expanded by the load-side expansion device 21a to become an intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 flows out of the relay unit 30 after passing through the liquid branch pipe 4 a and then the liquid branch pipe 4 b.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 30 flows into the load-side unit 20b.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20b is decompressed and expanded by the load-side throttle device 21b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, which flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22b.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side heat exchanger 22b exchanges heat with the indoor air, absorbs heat, and evaporates to cool the indoor air, becoming a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22b.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22 b passes through the gas branch pipe 3 b, flows out of the load-side unit 20 b, and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 reaches the connecting pipe 5 via the three-way valve 34b. Then, the low-pressure gas refrigerant flows out of the relay unit 30 via the gas-liquid separator 31 .
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 30 flows into the heat source side unit 10 via the liquid pipe 2 .
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side unit 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 13 .
- the low-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat with outdoor air, absorbs heat, evaporates, and flows out of the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 as a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 13 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the accumulator 14 and is sucked into the compressor 11 . Thereafter, the above-described circulation is repeated.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 can also perform partial load stop operation in which cooling operation or heating operation is performed while any one of the plurality of load-side units 20 is stopped.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the refrigerant flow in the partial load stop operation mode in the air conditioner of FIG.
- the load-side unit 20a performs the cooling operation while the load-side unit 20b is stopped.
- the flow path indicated by the thick line is the refrigerant flow path in the partial load suspension operation mode, and the arrow indicates the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 12 in the heat source side unit 10 is switched so that the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the heat source side heat exchanger 13 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 11 and the gas pipe 1 are connected.
- the three-way valve 34a is switched so that the gas pipe 1 and the gas branch pipe 3a are connected.
- the three-way valve 34b is set so that the gas branch pipe 3b is connected to neither the gas pipe 1 nor the connection pipe 5.
- the load side expansion device 21b provided in the load side unit 20b whose operation is stopped is closed.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerant flow switching device 12 .
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 13 is condensed while exchanging heat with outdoor air and releasing heat, and flows out of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 13 as a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 13 passes through the liquid pipe 2 , flows out of the heat source side unit 10 , and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 flows through the gas-liquid separator 31 into the first expansion device 32, where it is decompressed and expanded to become intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant After passing through the connection pipe 6 , the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the liquid branch pipe 4 a and flows out from the relay unit 30 .
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the relay unit 30 passes through the liquid branch pipe 4a and flows into the load side units 20a and 20b.
- the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side unit 20a is decompressed and expanded by the load-side expansion device 21a to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, which flows into the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the load-side heat exchanger 22a exchanges heat with the indoor air, absorbs heat, and evaporates to cool the indoor air, becoming a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and flows out of the load-side heat exchanger 22a.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the load-side heat exchanger 22 a passes through the gas branch pipe 3 a, flows out of the load-side unit 20 a, and flows into the relay unit 30 .
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 30 reaches the gas pipe 1 via the three-way valve 34a, flows out of the relay unit 30, and then flows into the heat source side unit 10.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side unit 10 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 12 and the accumulator 14 and is sucked into the compressor 11 . Thereafter, the above-described circulation is repeated.
- the load side expansion device 21b of the load side unit 20b whose operation is stopped is closed, thereby preventing the refrigerant from accumulating in the load side unit 20b. Therefore, it is possible to prevent shortage of refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.
- the operating load-side unit 20 performs the cooling operation in the partial load stop operation mode
- this is not limited to this example.
- the operating load side unit 20 may perform cooling-dominant operation, heating-only operation, or heating-dominant operation.
- a plurality of three-way valves 34 are provided corresponding to a plurality of load-side units 20, and the refrigerant flow is switched according to the operating state.
- two solenoid valves are used for one load side unit, but in the first embodiment, one three-way valve 34 is used instead of the two solenoid valves. Therefore, the number of parts can be reduced compared to conventional air conditioners that perform simultaneous cooling and heating operation.
- the conventional heat source side unit provided with four check valves is exclusively for simultaneous cooling and heating models, but by providing the three-way valve 34 in the relay unit 30, the heat source side unit 10 can be configured without four check valves. Therefore, the heat source side unit 10 can share a circuit with a cooling/heating switching model that switches between the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the first embodiment described above, and various modifications and applications are possible without departing from the gist of the present disclosure.
- the refrigeration cycle device is the air conditioner 100
- the refrigeration cycle device is not limited to this, and the refrigeration cycle device may be a cooling device or a freezing device that cools a refrigerated or frozen warehouse or the like.
- the type of refrigerant used in the air conditioner 100 is not particularly limited.
- any of natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons or helium, chlorine-free alternative refrigerants such as HFC410A, HFC407C or HFC404A, or Freon-based refrigerants such as R22 or R134a may be used.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態1に係る冷凍サイクル装置について説明する。以下では、冷凍サイクル装置としての空気調和装置を例にとって説明する。この冷凍サイクル装置である空気調和装置は、例えばビル、マンション等に設置され、冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクルを利用して、冷房運転または暖房運転を実行できるものである。特に、本実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置は、複数の空調対象空間に対して冷房運転のみ、暖房運転のみ、または、冷暖房同時運転を行うことができる。
図1は、本実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の構成の一例を示す回路図である。本実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100は、熱源側ユニット10、複数の負荷側ユニット20、中継ユニット30および制御装置40を含んで構成されている。図1の例では、空気調和装置100が1台の熱源側ユニット10と、2台の負荷側ユニット20aおよび20bと、1台の中継ユニット30で構成される場合を示している。
熱源側ユニット10は、負荷側ユニット20に熱を供給するために設けられている。熱源側ユニット10は、圧縮機11、冷媒流路切替装置12、熱源側熱交換器13およびアキュムレータ14を備えている。
負荷側ユニット20aおよび20bは、それぞれ、冷房負荷または暖房負荷に対して、熱源側ユニット10からの熱を供給し、冷房および暖房を行うものである。負荷側ユニット20aは、負荷側絞り装置21aおよび負荷側熱交換器22aを備えている。負荷側ユニット20bは、負荷側絞り装置21bおよび負荷側熱交換器22bを備えている。
中継ユニット30は、冷房運転を実施する負荷側ユニット20には低温の冷媒を分配し、暖房運転を実施する負荷側ユニット20には高温の冷媒を分配するように、負荷側ユニット20の運転状況に応じて冷媒の流れを切り替えるものである。
制御装置40は、この空気調和装置100全体を制御する。例えば、制御装置40は、空気調和装置100の運転モードに応じて、冷媒流路切替装置12、負荷側絞り装置21aおよび21b、第1絞り装置32、第2絞り装置33、ならびに、三方弁34aおよび34b等を制御する。制御装置40は、マイクロコンピュータなどの演算装置上でソフトウェアを実行することにより各種機能が実現され、もしくは各種機能を実現する回路デバイスなどのハードウェア等で構成されている。
次に、上記構成を有する空気調和装置100における各種運転モードでの冷媒の動作について説明する。本実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100は、全冷房運転、冷房主体運転、全暖房運転および暖房主体運転のいずれかの運転モードによる運転を行う。
図2は、図1の空気調和装置における全冷房運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明するための概略図である。全冷房運転モードでは、すべての負荷側ユニット20aおよび20bが冷房運転を行う。図2において、太線で示す流路が全冷房運転モード時の冷媒流路であり、冷媒流路中の冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示す。
図3は、図1の空気調和装置における冷房主体運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明するための概略図である。ここでは、負荷側ユニット20aが冷房運転を行い、負荷側ユニット20bが暖房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明する。図3において、太線で示す流路が冷房主体運転モード時の冷媒流路であり、冷媒流路中の冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示す。
中継ユニット30に流入した低圧のガス冷媒は、三方弁34aを介してガス配管1に至る。
図4は、図1の空気調和装置における全暖房運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明するための概略図である。全暖房運転モードでは、すべての負荷側ユニット20aおよび20bが暖房運転を行う。図4において、太線で示す流路が全暖房運転モード時の冷媒流路であり、冷媒流路中の冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示す。
図5は、図1の空気調和装置における暖房主体運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明するための概略図である。ここでは、負荷側ユニット20aが暖房運転を行い、負荷側ユニット20bが冷房運転を行う場合を例にとって説明する。図5において、太線で示す流路が暖房主体運転モード時の冷媒流路であり、冷媒流路中の冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示す。
次に、一部負荷停止運転モードについて説明する。本実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100は、複数の負荷側ユニット20のうちいずれかを停止させた状態で、冷房運転または暖房運転を行う一部負荷停止運転を行うこともできる。
例えば、本実施の形態1では、冷凍サイクル装置が空気調和装置100である場合について説明したが、これに限られず、冷凍サイクル装置は、冷蔵または冷凍の倉庫等を冷却する冷却装置または冷凍装置であってもよい。
Claims (5)
- 圧縮機および熱源側熱交換器を有する熱源側ユニットと、
絞り装置および負荷側熱交換器をそれぞれ有する複数の負荷側ユニットと、
前記熱源側ユニットと前記負荷側ユニットとの間に接続されるものであり、冷媒の流れを切り替える、前記負荷側ユニットに対応して設けられた複数の三方弁を有し、冷房運転を行う負荷側ユニットに対して低温の前記冷媒を分配し、暖房運転を行う負荷側ユニットに対して高温の前記冷媒を分配する中継ユニットと
を備え、
前記三方弁は、
運転状況に応じて、前記熱源側ユニットから流出した冷媒が前記負荷側ユニットに流入するように、あるいは、前記負荷側ユニットから流出した冷媒が前記熱源側ユニットに流入するように、前記冷媒の流れを切り替える
冷凍サイクル装置。 - 複数の前記負荷側ユニットのうち少なくともいずれかの負荷側ユニットが冷房運転を行う場合に、
前記冷房運転を行う負荷側ユニットに対応する前記三方弁は、
前記冷房運転を行う負荷側ユニットから流出した冷媒が前記熱源側ユニットに流入するように、前記冷媒の流れを切り替える
請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 複数の前記負荷側ユニットのうち少なくともいずれかの負荷側ユニットが暖房運転を行う場合に、
前記暖房運転を行う負荷側ユニットに対応する前記三方弁は、
前記熱源側ユニットから流出した冷媒が前記暖房運転を行う負荷側ユニットに流入するように、前記冷媒の流れを切り替える
請求項1または2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 複数の前記負荷側ユニットのうち少なくともいずれかの負荷側ユニットが停止する一部負荷停止運転を行う場合に、
前記運転を停止する負荷側ユニットに対応する前記三方弁は、
前記冷媒の流れを遮断するように切り替える
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記運転を停止する負荷側ユニットの前記絞り装置は、閉状態とする
請求項4に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH03177756A (ja) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-08-01 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気調和機の冷凍サイクル |
JP2003343936A (ja) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2012097922A (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
WO2017130319A1 (ja) | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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- 2022-01-19 WO PCT/JP2022/001825 patent/WO2023139702A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH03177756A (ja) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-08-01 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気調和機の冷凍サイクル |
JP2003343936A (ja) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2012097922A (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
WO2017130319A1 (ja) | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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