WO2023138642A1 - 数据传输方法、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质 - Google Patents

数据传输方法、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023138642A1
WO2023138642A1 PCT/CN2023/073058 CN2023073058W WO2023138642A1 WO 2023138642 A1 WO2023138642 A1 WO 2023138642A1 CN 2023073058 W CN2023073058 W CN 2023073058W WO 2023138642 A1 WO2023138642 A1 WO 2023138642A1
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Prior art keywords
user
network
network element
data
transmission path
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PCT/CN2023/073058
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯利昌
詹亚军
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023138642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023138642A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communication, and in particular to a data transmission method, electronic equipment, and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the wireless communication standardization work of the fifth generation mobile communication technology has come to an end and has begun to be deployed globally. However, there is still a certain gap between the current 5G technology and the actual needs of user equipment, resulting in poor user experience.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a converged network element, including: obtaining user equipment requirements, and determining a transmission path that meets the user equipment requirements; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, an access network, a core network, and a data network; and issuing a rule corresponding to the transmission path to an access network control plane network element and a core network control plane network element.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a control plane network element, including: receiving a rule corresponding to a transmission path that meets user equipment requirements issued by a converged network element; and issuing the rule corresponding to the transmission path to a user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element; the rule corresponding to the transmission path is used to instruct the user plane network element to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment;
  • the transmission path passes through the user equipment, an access network, a core network, and a data network;
  • the control plane network element is any one of the core network control plane network element and the access network control plane network element; or, the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and the data network; the control plane network element is any one of the core network control plane network element, the transmission network control plane network element, and the access network control plane network element.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a user plane network element, including: receiving a rule corresponding to a transmission path that meets user equipment requirements issued by a control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element; and transmitting the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment and the rules corresponding to the transmission path; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network, and the data network; or, the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and the data network; the user plane network element is any one of the core network user plane network element, the transmission network user plane network element, and the access network user plane network element.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory, on which at least one computer program is stored, and when the at least one computer program is executed by the at least one processor, the above data transmission method is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and implementing the above-mentioned data transmission method when the computer program is executed by a processor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a user plane protocol stack of 5G technology in the related art provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a user plane protocol stack provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a data message provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a data transmission method applied to a converged network element provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a data transmission method applied to a control plane network element provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a data transmission method applied to a user plane network element provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the data transmission method provided in Example 1 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the data transmission method provided in Example 2 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the data transmission method provided in Example 3 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a data transmission method provided in Example 4 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the data transmission method provided in Example 5 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the data transmission method provided in Example 6 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the data transmission method provided in Example 7 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a data transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the user plane protocol stack of the current 5G technology is shown in Figure 1.
  • the user plane protocol stack on the user equipment (UE) side includes: 5G access network (AN, Access Network) protocol layer, protocol data unit (PDU, Protocol Data Unit) layer and application layer.
  • 5G access network AN, Access Network
  • PDU Protocol Data Unit
  • application layer 5G access network
  • the user plane protocol stack that the AN side interacts with the UE includes: 5G AN protocol layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack that the AN side interacts with the transmission network includes: L1 layer, L2 layer, User Datagram Protocol (UDP, User Datagram Protocol)/Internet Protocol (IP, Internet Protocol) layer, GTP-U layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack on the TN side includes: L1 layer, L2 layer, UDP/IP layer, and GTP-U layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack on the core network (CN, Core Network) side includes: L1 layer, L2 layer, UDP/IP layer, GTP-U layer and PDU layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the user plane protocol stack on the UE side includes: AN protocol layer, user layer and application layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack that the AN side interacts with the UE includes: the AN protocol layer and the user layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack that the AN side interacts with the TN includes: L1 layer, L2 layer, transport layer and user layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack on the TN side includes: an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and a transport layer; or an L1 layer, an L2 layer, a transport layer, and a user layer.
  • the user layer is optional, and can be compatible with related TN equipment, or some scenarios where the TN does not need to be aware of the user layer.
  • the user plane protocol stack on the CN side includes: L1 layer, L2 layer, transport layer and user layer.
  • the AN protocol layer can be the same as the AN protocol layer of the prior art
  • the L1 layer can be the same as the L1 layer of the prior art
  • the L2 layer can be the same as the L2 layer of the prior art
  • the transport layer can be the same as the transport layer of the prior art
  • the application layer can be the same as the application layer of the prior art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the user layer is newly added to the user plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application, and at least one of the following user layer information is carried in the user layer header corresponding to the user layer: network slice identifier, user identifier, link identifier, application identifier, local area network identifier, sequence number, and multicast group identifier.
  • the network slice identifier is used to identify the network slice to which the user equipment (UE, User Equipment) belongs.
  • the user identity is used to identify the identity of the UE.
  • the link identifier is used to identify the link to which the UE belongs.
  • the application identifier is used to identify the service of the UE.
  • the local area network identifier is used to identify the local area network where the UE is located.
  • the user layer header corresponding to the user layer is located between the transport layer header corresponding to the transport layer and the payload.
  • a data packet includes: an outer layer IP header, a transport layer header, a user layer header, and a payload. That is to say, the header of the data packet includes: an outer layer IP header, a transport layer header, and a user layer header.
  • the outer layer IP header refers to the IP header corresponding to the transport layer; the user layer header is a custom header between the tunnel and the payload; the transport layer header can inherit the subsequent Transmission Control Protocol (TCP, Transmission Control Protocol)/UDP header, or it can be other transport layer headers corresponding to the transport layer; the payload refers to the user packet of the user equipment.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • UDP Transmission Control Protocol
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method applied to a converged network element, including the following steps 400 and 401 .
  • Step 400 Obtain user equipment requirements, and determine a transmission path that satisfies the user equipment requirements; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, core network, and data network.
  • the user equipment requirement includes: a service level agreement (SLA, Service Level Agreement) requirement of the user equipment.
  • SLA Service Level Agreement
  • the data transmission method applied to the converged network element provided by this application can obtain user equipment requirements in any case where a transmission path needs to be calculated, and two examples are given below for illustration.
  • acquiring the user equipment requirement includes: receiving the user equipment requirement sent by the core network control plane network element.
  • the user equipment requirement sent by the core network control plane network element may be received during the process of the user equipment attaching to the data network.
  • the core network control plane network element may include the user equipment requirement in the transmission path application request and send it to the converged network element. For example, receiving a wireless resource application request sent by a core network control plane network element; the wireless resource application request includes: user equipment requirements; returning to the core network control plane network element the address of the access network control plane network element corresponding to the wireless resources that meet the user equipment requirements; receiving a transmission path application request sent by the core network control plane network element; the transmission path application request includes: access network tunnel information, core network tunnel information, and user equipment requirements.
  • the user equipment requirement reported by the core network control plane network element may be received before the user equipment initiates a service.
  • the radio resource refers to the radio resource required for transmitting the data message of the user equipment (UE, User Equipment), and may include: information of the user plane network element of the access network to which the radio resource belongs, time domain resource, frequency domain resource, etc.
  • the access network control plane network element corresponding to the radio resource refers to the access network control plane network element that manages the radio resource.
  • one access network control plane network element manages radio resources of at least one access network user plane network element.
  • the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, core network and data network. In some embodiments, the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, transport network, core network and data network.
  • the transmission path meeting the requirements of the user equipment may be determined according to the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network. In some implementation manners, the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment may be determined according to the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the core network control plane.
  • the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network may include: topology information of all user plane network elements of the access network in the access network, the link quality of the link between any two adjacent user plane network elements of the access network in the access network, and the link quality of the link between the user plane network element of the access network at the edge of the access network and the adjacent user plane network element of the transmission network.
  • the measurement data reported by the transmission network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all transmission network user plane network elements in the transmission network, link quality of links between any two adjacent transmission network user plane network elements in the transmission network, and link quality of links between transmission network user plane network elements located at the edge of the transmission network and adjacent core network user plane network elements.
  • the measurement data reported by the core network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all core network user plane network elements in the core network, link quality of a link between any two adjacent core network user plane network elements in the core network, and link quality of a link between a core network user plane network element located at the edge of the core network and an adjacent data network user plane network element.
  • the link quality may be any index that can characterize the link quality.
  • the link quality includes at least one of the following: delay, jitter, packet loss rate, and the like.
  • determining the transmission path that meets the user equipment requirements according to the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network refers to calculating a transmission path that satisfies the constraints with the requirements of the user equipment and the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network as constraints.
  • determining the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment according to the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane of the core network refers to calculating the transmission path that satisfies the constraints with the requirements of the user equipment and the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane of the core network as constraints.
  • the data transmission method further includes: before determining the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment (step 400), receiving the user layer information of the user equipment reported by the core network control plane network element.
  • the receiving of the user layer information of the user equipment reported by the network element of the control plane of the core network is used to indicate which user layer information the requested transmission path belongs to.
  • the transmission path may start from the user equipment, pass through the access network, the core network, Finally reach the data network. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may also start from the data network, pass through the core network, the access network, and finally reach the user equipment.
  • the transmission path may start from the user equipment, pass through the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and finally reach the data network. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may also start from the data network, pass through the core network, the transmission network, and the access network, and finally reach the user equipment.
  • the two transmission paths there are two transmission paths, and the two transmission paths have the minimum number of the same user plane network elements; or the two transmission paths do not overlap at all.
  • Step 401 Deliver the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the rules corresponding to the transmission path are delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network. In some embodiments, in the scenario where the TN needs to be aware of the user layer, the rules corresponding to the transmission path are issued to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the rules corresponding to the transmission path include at least one of the following: link connection rules, quality of service (QoS, Quality of Service) rules, and forwarding rules.
  • QoS quality of service
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the link connection rule refers to which two network elements each link is connected to.
  • the QoS rule refers to the QoS index of each link.
  • the forwarding rule refers to the forwarding rule of each link.
  • the rules corresponding to the entire transmission path may be issued to the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network, that is, the rules delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network are the same.
  • the rules corresponding to the entire transmission path may be delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network, that is, the rules delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network are the same.
  • the rules corresponding to the part of the transmission path passing through the access network may also be delivered to the control plane network element of the access network, the rules corresponding to the part of the transmission path passing through the transmission network are delivered to the control plane network element of the transmission network, and the rules corresponding to the part of the transmission path passing through the core network are delivered to the control plane network element of the core network, that is, the rules issued to the control plane network element of the access network, the control plane network element of the transmission network, and the control plane network element of the core network are different.
  • the rules corresponding to the transmission path are used to instruct the user plane network element of the access network and the user plane network element of the core network to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the rules corresponding to the transmission path are used to instruct the user plane network element of the access network, the user plane network element of the transmission network, and the user plane network element of the core network to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the data transmission method further includes: after determining the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment (step 400), sending the L2/L3 forwarding table to the control plane network elements of the access network and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the data transmission method further includes: after determining the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment (step 400), sending the L2/L3 forwarding table to the control plane network element of the access network, the control plane network element of the transmission network, and the control plane network element of the core network.
  • L2 refers to the MAC layer and L3 refers to the IP layer.
  • each entry in the L2/L3 forwarding table includes: user layer information and a corresponding egress port.
  • the data transmission method further includes: allocating user layer information to the user equipment, and sending the allocated user layer information to the user equipment.
  • the user layer information includes at least one of the following: a network slice identifier, a user identifier, a link identifier, an application identifier, a local area network identifier, a serial number, and a multicast group identifier.
  • network slice identifiers may be assigned to users when network slices are allocated to users. household device.
  • a user identifier may be assigned to the user equipment during the user equipment attach process.
  • a link identifier may be assigned to the user equipment when determining the transmission path.
  • the user equipment may be assigned an application identifier when the user equipment initiates a service.
  • the data transmission method further includes: delivering user layer information corresponding to the transmission path to an access network control plane network element, a transmission network control plane network element, and a core network control plane network element.
  • the transmission path and the user layer information corresponding to the transmission path may be delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network at the same time, or may be separately delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the user layer information delivered to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network is the user layer information reported by the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the data transmission method provided in this application determines the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment through the fusion of network elements, and sends the transmission path to the access network control plane network element and the core network control plane network element. Since the determined transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network, and data network, it meets the end-to-end deterministic forwarding requirements, and also meets the user equipment requirements, thereby improving user experience.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method applied to a control plane network element, including the following steps 500 and 501 .
  • Step 500 Receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment issued by the converged network element; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network and the data network.
  • the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, core network and data network. In some embodiments, the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, transport network, core network and data network.
  • the rules corresponding to the transmission path include at least one of the following: link connection rules, QoS rules, and forwarding rules.
  • the link connection rule refers to which two network elements each link is connected to.
  • the QoS rule refers to the QoS index of each link.
  • the forwarding rule refers to the forwarding rule of each link.
  • the received rule may be a rule corresponding to the entire transmission path.
  • the received rule may also be a rule corresponding to a part of the transmission path passing through the core network.
  • the data transmission method further includes: receiving user layer information corresponding to the transmission path issued by the converged network element.
  • the transmission path may start from the user equipment, pass through the access network, the core network, and finally reach the data network. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may also start from the data network, pass through the core network, the access network, and finally reach the user equipment. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may start from the user equipment, pass through the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and finally reach the data network. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may also start from the data network, pass through the core network, the transmission network, and the access network, and finally reach the user equipment.
  • the rule corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment delivered by the converged network element is received. In some implementation manners, the rule corresponding to the transmission path meeting the requirements of the user equipment and the L2/L3 forwarding table issued by the converged network element are received.
  • the two transmission paths there are two transmission paths, and the two transmission paths have the minimum number of the same user plane network elements; or the two transmission paths do not overlap at all.
  • Step 501 Send the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element; the rules corresponding to the transmission path are used to instruct the user plane network element to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network and the data network; the control plane network element is any one of the core network control plane network element and the access network control plane network element. in some real In an embodiment, the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and the data network; the control plane network element is any one of the core network control plane network element, the transmission network control plane network element, and the access network control plane network element.
  • the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element of the core network is the user plane network element of the core network
  • the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element of the transmission network is the user plane network element of the transmission network
  • the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element of the access network is the user plane network element of the access network.
  • the payload of the data packet is in ciphertext or plaintext, that is, the payload of the data packet can be encrypted or unencrypted.
  • sending the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element includes: converting the rule corresponding to the transmission path into an action list entry, and sending the core network action list entry to the user plane network element; the action list entry is used to instruct the user plane network element to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the rule corresponding to the transmission path is delivered to the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element. In some implementation manners, the rule corresponding to the transmission path and the L2/L3 forwarding table are delivered to the user plane network element corresponding to the control plane network element.
  • the received rule is a rule corresponding to the entire transmission path
  • each entry in the action list includes: a first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the user layer information in the entry may be user layer information corresponding to the transmission path issued by the converged network element.
  • an action can be any action that can be performed on a datagram.
  • the action of joining a multicast group the action of copying and forwarding, the action of forwarding, the action of splitting traffic, etc.
  • the data transmission method further includes: before receiving the rule corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment delivered by the converged network element, sending the user equipment requirement to the converged network element.
  • the user equipment requirement may be sent to the converged network element during the process of the user equipment attaching to the data network. Include the user equipment requirement in the transmission path application request and send it to the converged network element. For example, send a wireless resource application request to the converged network element; the wireless resource application request includes: the SLA requirements of the user equipment; receive the address of the access network control plane network element corresponding to the wireless resources that meet the user equipment requirements returned by the converged network element; send an access network tunnel information application request to the access network control plane network element according to the address of the access network control plane network element; receive the access network tunnel information returned by the access network control plane network element, and send a transmission path application request to the fusion network element; the transmission path application request includes: Access network tunnel information, core network tunnel information, and user equipment requirements.
  • user equipment requirements may be sent to the converged network element before the user equipment initiates a service. Receive the user equipment requirement sent by the user equipment, and send the user equipment requirement to the converged network element.
  • a radio resource application request may be sent to the converged network element when a session access request sent by the user equipment is received; the session access request includes: data network name (DNN, Data Network Name), network slice identifier, SLA requirements and other information.
  • DNN Data Network Name
  • SLA requirements SLA requirements and other information.
  • the radio resource refers to the radio resource required for transmitting the data packet of the user equipment, and may include: information of the user plane element of the access network to which the radio resource belongs, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, and the like.
  • the access network control plane network element corresponding to the radio resource refers to the access network control plane network element that manages the radio resource.
  • one access network control plane network element manages radio resources of at least one access network user plane network element.
  • the data transmission method further includes: before receiving the rule corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment issued by the converged network element, reporting the measurement data to the converged network element.
  • the measurement data reported by the core network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all core network user plane network elements in the core network, link quality of a link between any two adjacent core network user plane network elements in the core network, and link quality of a link between a core network user plane network element located at the edge of the core network and an adjacent data network user plane network element.
  • the measurement data reported by the transmission network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all transmission network user plane network elements in the transmission network, link quality of links between any two adjacent transmission network user plane network elements in the transmission network, and link quality of links between transmission network user plane network elements located at the edge of the transmission network and adjacent core network user plane network elements.
  • the measurement data reported by the core network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all core network user plane network elements in the core network, link quality of a link between any two adjacent core network user plane network elements in the core network, and link quality of a link between a core network user plane network element located at the edge of the core network and an adjacent data network user plane network element.
  • the measurement data may be reported to the fusion network element when the measurement notification message of the fusion network element is received; or, the measurement data may be actively reported to the fusion network element.
  • the measurement data can be reported to the fusion network element in real time; or, the measurement data can be reported to the fusion network element periodically; or, the measurement data can be reported to the fusion network element when the measurement data changes; or, the measurement data can be reported to the fusion network element when necessary.
  • the control plane network element sends the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meet the requirements of the user equipment to the user plane network element.
  • the rules corresponding to the transmission path are used to instruct the user plane network element to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment, which realizes the end-to-end deterministic forwarding requirements of the data message, and also meets the user equipment requirements, thereby improving user experience.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method applied to a user plane network element, including steps 600 and 601 .
  • Step 600 Receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment issued by the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element, and the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, core network and data network.
  • the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, core network and data network. In some embodiments, the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, transport network, core network and data network.
  • the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network and the data network; the user plane network element is any one of the core network user plane network element and the access network user plane network element. In some embodiments, the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and the data network; the user plane network element is any one of the core network user network element, the transmission network user plane network element, and the access network user plane network element.
  • the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element of the core network is the core network control plane network element
  • the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element of the transmission network is the transmission network control plane network element
  • the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element of the access network is the access network control plane network element.
  • receiving the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment issued by the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element includes: receiving the entries of the action list issued by the control plane network element; the entries of the action list are converted according to the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment.
  • each entry in the action list includes: a first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the rule corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment and delivered by the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element is received. In some implementation manners, the rules corresponding to the transmission path meeting the requirements of the user equipment and the L2/L3 forwarding table delivered by the control plane network element corresponding to the user plane network element are received.
  • the transmission path may start from the user equipment, pass through the access network, the core network, and finally reach the data network. In some implementations, the transmission path can also start from the data network and pass through the core Heart network, access network, and finally reach the user equipment. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may start from the user equipment, pass through the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and finally reach the data network. In some implementation manners, the transmission path may also start from the data network, pass through the core network, the transmission network, and the access network, and finally reach the user equipment.
  • the two transmission paths there are two transmission paths, and the two transmission paths have the minimum number of the same user plane network elements; or the two transmission paths do not overlap at all.
  • Step 601. According to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment and the rules corresponding to the transmission path, the data message is transmitted according to the transmission path.
  • the payload of the data packet is in ciphertext or plaintext, that is, the payload of the data packet can be encrypted or unencrypted.
  • the user layer information includes at least one of the following: a network slice identifier, a user identifier, a link identifier, an application identifier, a local area network identifier, a serial number, and a multicast group identifier.
  • transmitting the data message according to the transmission path includes: searching for an action corresponding to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the first correspondence, and transmitting the data message according to the found action.
  • decapsulate the data message to obtain the user layer information carried by the user layer header in the message header of the data message, search for an action corresponding to the user layer information carried by the user layer header in the first correspondence according to the user layer information obtained by decapsulation, re-encapsulate the message header of the data message, and transmit the re-encapsulated data message according to the found action.
  • the data packet may be any data packet, and the payload of the data packet may carry any information.
  • the following describes examples of carrying the Join Multicast message.
  • the load of the data message carries a message to join the multicast; the data transmission method further includes: after searching for an action corresponding to the user layer information carried by the user layer header in the first correspondence, and when the found action does not include the action of joining the multicast, transmit the data message according to the found action.
  • the data transmission method further includes: when the searched action includes an action of joining a multicast, searching the multicast table for a multicast group identifier corresponding to the user layer information carried by the user layer header, and adding the multicast group corresponding to the found multicast group identifier; each entry of the multicast table includes: a second correspondence between the user layer information and the multicast group identifier.
  • the re-encapsulated datagram is transmitted according to the found action.
  • the outbound port corresponding to the user layer information in the L2/L3 forwarding table is searched according to the found action, and the data packet is transmitted through the found out port.
  • the data transmission method provided by the present application realizes end-to-end deterministic forwarding requirements of data packets through user plane network elements, and also satisfies user equipment requirements, thereby improving user experience.
  • the multicast table in the multicast or broadcast technology of the wireless network is maintained by a User Plane Function (UPF, User Plane Function) entity.
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • the UPF position is too high, there will be a large amount of link redundancy.
  • a join multicast message i.e. a join message
  • the user equipment transmits the join multicast (join) message based on the transmission path allocated by the converged network element.
  • the join multicast (join) message is transmitted in the user plane network element of the access network, the user plane network element of the transmission network, and the user plane network element of the core network, the data packet containing the join multicast (join) message is matched with the multicast table set in the user plane network element.
  • the multicast table may be set in the user plane network element closest to the user equipment, for example, in the user plane network element of the access network.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the integrated network element determines the transmission path that meets the needs of the user equipment; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network and data network.
  • the converged network element issues the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the network element of the control plane of the access network converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the access network action list, and sends the entries of the access network action list to the network element of the user plane of the access network; each entry of the access network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the join multicast action may be added to the entry of the access network action list delivered to the user plane network element of the access network closest to the user equipment.
  • a copy and forward action may be added to an entry in the access network action list delivered to the user plane network element of the access network closest to the user equipment.
  • the entry corresponding to the forwarding action may still be included in the access network action list.
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the transport network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data packet 1 sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the packet header of the data packet 1 carries the user layer information 1, and the payload of the data packet 1 carries a join multicast message.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data message one to obtain the user layer information one in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the access network action list for the action corresponding to the user layer information one obtained by decapsulation.
  • the found action includes joining the multicast action, then search the multicast table for the multicast group identifier corresponding to the user layer information in the data message one, as shown in Table 1, and join the multicast group corresponding to the found multicast group identifier.
  • the core network user plane network element receives the second data packet sent by the server; the user layer header in the packet header of the second data packet carries the user layer information two.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data message 2 to obtain the user layer information 2 in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the core network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information 2.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message 2, and forwards the repackaged data message 2 according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data packet 2 sent by the server; the user layer header in the header of the data packet 2 carries the user layer information 2.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network decapsulates the data message 2 to obtain the user layer information 2 in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the transport network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information 2.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, re-encapsulates the message header of the data message 2, and forwards the re-encapsulated data message 2 according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the second data message sent by the server; the user layer header in the header of the second data message carries the user layer information two, and the payload in the second data message carries multicast data.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data message 2 to obtain the user layer information 2 in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the action list of the access network for the action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information 2.
  • the user layer information 2 is a multicast group identifier, and the found action includes a copy and forward action. The number of user equipments joining the multicast group corresponding to the multicast group identifier.
  • the delay measurement of each node in the network is supported, but because the access network, transmission network, and core network are isolated from each other, it is impossible to perceive network topology information of other networks other than various networks, so that end-to-end deterministic forwarding cannot be performed.
  • control plane NEs of the access network, transmission network, and core network respectively report the measurement data of their own networks to the converged NE, and the converged NE determines the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment based on the measurement data reported by the control plane NEs of the access network, the control plane of the transmission network, and the control plane of the core network, thereby realizing end-to-end deterministic forwarding.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the access network control plane network element, the transmission network control plane network element, and the core network control plane network element report corresponding measurement data to the fusion network element.
  • the measurement data reported by the control plane network elements of the access network may include: topology information of all user plane network elements of the access network in the access network, link quality of links between any two adjacent user plane network elements of the access network in the access network, and link quality of links between user plane network elements of the access network at the edge of the access network and adjacent user plane network elements of the transmission network.
  • the measurement data reported by the transmission network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all transmission network user plane network elements in the transmission network, link quality of links between any two adjacent transmission network user plane network elements in the transmission network, and link quality of links between transmission network user plane network elements located at the edge of the transmission network and adjacent core network user plane network elements.
  • the measurement data reported by the core network control plane network elements may include: topology information of all core network user plane network elements in the core network, link quality of a link between any two adjacent core network user plane network elements in the core network, and link quality of a link between a core network user plane network element at the edge of the core network and an adjacent data network user plane network element.
  • the user equipment sends the SLA requirement to the core network control plane network element, and the core network control plane network element reports the SLA requirement to the converged network element.
  • Converged network elements determine the transmission path that meets the SLA requirements based on the measurement data reported by the control plane elements of the access network, transmission network control plane, and core network; the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network, and data network.
  • the converged network element issues the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the access network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into the entry of the access network action list, and sends the entry of the access network action list to the access network user plane network element; each entry of the access network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the access network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the transport network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data packet sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data packet carries user layer information.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data packet to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the packet header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, re-encapsulates the packet header of the data packet, and forwards the re-encapsulated data packet according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data packet sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data packet carries user layer information.
  • the transmission network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the transmission network action list for the action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the core network receives the data packet sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data packet carries user layer information.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the core network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • 5G technology supports local offloading through the uplink classifier (ULCL, UpLink Classifier) or multi-homing (Multi-Homing) function, but because it relies on deep packet inspection technology (DPI, Deep Packet Inspection), not all forwarding devices can support offloading, and can only rely on the sinking UPF entity as the offloading point, which not only increases the network construction cost, but also increases the complexity of the network, contrary to the purpose of reducing traffic detours.
  • ULCL Uplink Classifier
  • Multi-Homing multi-homing
  • offloading does not need to be performed on the UPF entity, but can be performed on any user plane network element, as long as the offloading path is planned.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the converged network element sends the flow filter to the user equipment through the access network control plane network element according to the policy control information; the flow filter is set with a mapping relationship between the service flow and the application identifier.
  • the converged network element determines the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network, and data network.
  • the fusion network element issues the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the access network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the access network action list, and sends the entries of the access network action list to the access network user plane network element; each entry of the access network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions, and the user layer information includes application identifiers.
  • the actions in the entries of the access network action list are all distribution actions.
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions, and the user layer information includes application identification.
  • the actions in the entries of the transmission network action list are all distribution actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: The first correspondence between user layer information and actions, user layer information includes application logo.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are distribution actions.
  • the user equipment initiates a service, and carries the application identifier corresponding to the current service flow in the user layer information in the user layer header of the packet header of the data packet according to the mapping relationship between the service flow and the application identifier set in the flow filter.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information, and the user layer information includes an application identifier.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data packet to obtain the application identifier in the user layer header in the packet header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated application identifier.
  • the found action is a diversion action, re-encapsulates the header of the data packet, and forwards the re-encapsulated data packet according to the found diversion action.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information, and the user layer information includes an application identifier.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network decapsulates the data packet to obtain the application identifier in the user layer header in the packet header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated application identifier.
  • the found action is a diversion action, re-encapsulates the header of the data packet, and forwards the re-encapsulated data packet according to the found diversion action.
  • the user plane network element of the core network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information, and the user layer information includes an application identifier.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data packet to obtain the application identifier in the user layer header in the packet header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated application identifier.
  • the found action is a diversion action, re-encapsulates the header of the data packet, and forwards the re-encapsulated data packet according to the found diversion action.
  • the L2/L3 forwarding table in the 5G LAN (Local Area Network) technology is maintained by the UPF.
  • the location of the UPF is too high, and the mutual access of user equipment in the campus will cause a large amount of traffic detours, and the forwarding efficiency is not high.
  • the converged NE delivers the L2/L3 forwarding table to the control plane NEs of each network, and then delivers the L2/L3 forwarding table to the user plane NEs of the transmission path through the control plane NEs.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the user equipment on the wireless side and the terminal station on the network side access a certain LAN.
  • the converged network element summarizes the L2/L3 addresses of each user equipment and each end station, and generates an L2/L3 forwarding table according to the L2/L3 addresses of each user equipment and each end station, as shown in Table 2.
  • the converged network element determines the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network, and data network.
  • the fusion network element sends the rules corresponding to the transmission path and the L2/L3 forwarding table to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the control plane network element of the access network converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the action list of the access network, and sends the entries of the action list of the access network and the L2/L3 forwarding table to the network element of the user plane of the access network; each entry of the action list of the access network includes: the first corresponding relationship between the user layer information and the action, and the user layer information includes the application identifier.
  • the actions in the entries of the access network action list are local switching actions (local switch action).
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list and the L2/L3 forwarding table to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions, and the user layer information includes application identifiers.
  • the actions in the entries of the transport network action list are all local switch actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries and L2/L3 forwarding tables to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions, and user layer information includes application identification.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are all local switch actions.
  • the user equipment initiates a service, and carries the current LAN identifier in the user layer information in the user layer header of the data message header.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the user layer information includes a user ID and a LAN ID.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data packet to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a local switching action, repackages the packet header for the data packet, searches for the egress port corresponding to the user layer information in the L2/L3 forwarding table according to the found diversion action, and forwards the repackaged data packet from the found egress port.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the user layer information includes a user ID and a local area network ID.
  • the transmission network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the transmission network action list for the action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a local conversion action, repackages the message header for the data message, searches for the egress port corresponding to the user layer information in the L2/L3 forwarding table according to the found diversion action, and forwards the repackaged data message from the found out port.
  • the user plane network element of the core network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the user layer information includes a user ID and a local area network ID.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data packet to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the core network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a local conversion action, repackages the packet header for the data packet, searches for the egress port corresponding to the user layer information in the L2/L3 forwarding table according to the found diversion action, and forwards the repackaged data packet from the found egress port.
  • the reliable transmission technology is realized by establishing dual sessions. Even if there are dual sessions, the same path may be used on the transmission network, and the accessed access network elements may also be the same, which is not end-to-end reliability.
  • two transmission paths are established by merging network elements, so that the two transmission paths have the least number of user plane network elements, or the two transmission paths do not overlap at all, so as to ensure reliable transmission.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the converged network element determines two transmission paths that meet the needs of user equipment; the transmission paths pass through user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network, and data network. These two transmission paths have the same user plane The number of network elements is the least, or the two transmission paths do not overlap at all.
  • the fusion network element issues the rules corresponding to the two transmission paths to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the network element of the control plane of the access network converts the rules corresponding to the two transmission paths into entries of the action list of the access network, and sends the entries of the action list of the access network to the network element of the user plane of the access network; each entry of the action list of the access network includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the access network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the two transmission paths into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the transport network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the two transmission paths into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the user equipment initiates a service, and the duplicate data message is sent on the two transmission paths.
  • the user layer information carried in the user layer header of the message headers of the two data messages includes: link identification and sequence number, and the link identification and sequence number carried by the two data messages are the same.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the message header of the data message carries user layer information, and the user layer information carried in the data message in this example includes a link identifier and a serial number.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the message header of the data message carries user layer information, and the user layer information carried in the data message in this example includes a link identifier and a serial number.
  • the transmission network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the transmission network action list for the action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, re-encapsulates the message header of the data message, and forwards the re-encapsulated data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the core network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the message header of the data message carries user layer information, and the user layer information carried in the data message in this example includes a link identifier and a serial number.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the core network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the server receives the data message, and eliminates redundant messages according to the link identifier and serial number carried in the data message.
  • IP address can be used as an identity mark of a user equipment.
  • the IP address of the user equipment also changes, which will inevitably affect service continuity.
  • the Session and Service Continuity (SSC, Session and Service Continuity) technology only temporarily maintains the existing business flow and establishes a new business flow as soon as possible to achieve business continuity, and the collaboration is complex and unreliable.
  • the identity of the user equipment can still be identified through the user layer information to ensure the continuity of the service.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the integrated network element determines the transmission path that meets the needs of the user equipment; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network and data network.
  • the converged network element issues the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the network element of the control plane of the access network converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the access network action list, and sends the entries of the access network action list to the network element of the user plane of the access network; each entry of the access network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the access network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the transport network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data packet sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data packet carries user layer information.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the user layer information obtained through decapsulation.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the message header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the transmission network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the transmission network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, re-encapsulates the message header of the data message, and forwards the re-encapsulated data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the core network receives the data packet sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data packet carries user layer information.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the core network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the fusion network element notifies the data network control plane network element of the location change of the user equipment, and the data network control plane network element synchronizes user information, such as user ID and application ID, through the relevant server.
  • the converged network element recalculates a new transmission path for the user equipment, and repeats 1 to 11 to forward according to the new transmission path.
  • the new server can maintain the continuity of the current business by identifying the user ID and application ID of the existing user through the user layer information in the data message.
  • the data packets transmitted on the network contain user information, and there is a risk of being hijacked.
  • the IP address carried in the user IP header in the user packet of the user equipment also belongs to user information, and the security of the IP address cannot be guaranteed on the network.
  • the user packet of the user equipment is used as the payload of the data packet, and the payload of the data packet is encrypted without affecting the normal forwarding of the data packet, thereby improving security.
  • the data transmission methods include:
  • the integrated network element determines the transmission path that meets the needs of the user equipment; the transmission path passes through the user equipment, access network, transmission network, core network and data network.
  • the converged network element issues the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the control plane network elements of the access network, the control plane network elements of the transmission network, and the control plane network elements of the core network.
  • the network element of the control plane of the access network converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the access network action list, and sends the entries of the access network action list to the network element of the user plane of the access network; each entry of the access network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the access network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the network element of the transmission network control plane converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into entries of the transmission network action list, and sends the entries of the transmission network action list to the transmission network user plane network element; each entry of the transmission network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the transport network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the core network control plane network element converts the rules corresponding to the transmission path into core network action list entries, and sends the core network action list entries to the core network user plane network element; each entry in the core network action list includes: the first correspondence between user layer information and actions.
  • the actions in the entries of the core network action list are all forwarding actions.
  • the user equipment initiates the service, carries the user layer information in the user layer header of the data message, and encrypts the payload of the data message.
  • the payload of the data packet is the user packet of the user equipment.
  • the user plane network element of the access network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the user layer information includes: user ID, link ID, and application ID.
  • the user plane network element of the access network decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the access network action list for an action corresponding to the user layer information obtained through decapsulation.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the transmission network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the user layer information includes: user ID, link ID, and application ID.
  • the transmission network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the transmission network action list for the action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, re-encapsulates the message header of the data message, and forwards the re-encapsulated data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the user plane network element of the core network receives the data message sent by the user equipment; the user layer header in the header of the data message carries user layer information.
  • the user layer information includes: user ID, link ID, and application ID.
  • the core network user plane network element decapsulates the data message to obtain the user layer information in the user layer header in the message header, and searches the core network action list for an action corresponding to the decapsulated user layer information.
  • the found action is a forwarding action, repackages the message header of the data message, and forwards the repackaged data message according to the found forwarding action.
  • the receiving end After receiving the data message, decrypts the payload of the data message to obtain the user message of the user equipment, and performs service processing according to the user message of the user equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory, on which at least one computer program is stored, and when the at least one computer program is executed by the at least one processor, the above data transmission method is realized.
  • a processor is a device with data processing capabilities, including but not limited to a central processing unit (CPU), etc.; a memory is a device with data storage capabilities, including but not limited to random access memory (RAM, more specifically SDRAM, DDR, etc.), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory (FLASH).
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • FLASH Flash memory
  • the processor and the memory are connected to each other through a bus, and further connected to other components of the computing device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the foregoing data transmission method is implemented.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a data transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • this embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission system, including: a converged network element 1401, a core network control plane network element 1402, an access network control plane network element 1403, a core network user plane network element 1405, and an access network user plane network element 1406.
  • the data transmission system further includes: a transmission network control plane network element 1404 and a transmission network user plane network element 1407 .
  • the converged network element 1401 is configured to acquire user equipment requirements, and determine a transmission path that meets the user equipment requirements.
  • the transmission path passes through user equipment, access network, core network and data network; the converged network element 1401 is configured to deliver the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the access network control plane network element 1403 and the core network control plane network element 1402.
  • the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the transmission network, the core network, and the data network; the converged network element 1401 is configured to deliver the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the access network control plane network element 1403, the transmission network control plane network element 1404, and the core network control plane network element 1402.
  • the core network control plane network element 1402 is configured to receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meet the needs of the user equipment delivered by the converged network element 1401; and issue the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the core network user plane network element; the rules corresponding to the transmission path are used to instruct the core network user plane network element to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the access network control plane network element 1403 is configured to receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meet the requirements of the user equipment delivered by the converged network element 1401; and issue the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the user plane network element of the access network; the rules corresponding to the transmission path are used to instruct the user plane network element of the access network to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the transmission network control plane network element 1404 is configured to receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meet the requirements of the user equipment delivered by the converged network element 1401; and issue the rules corresponding to the transmission path to the transmission network user plane network element; the transmission path
  • the corresponding rules are used to instruct the transmission network user plane network element to transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment.
  • the core network user plane network element 1405 is configured to receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment issued by the core network control plane network element 1402, and the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network, and the data network; and transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment and the rules corresponding to the transmission path.
  • the access network user plane network element 1406 is configured to receive the rules corresponding to the transmission path that meets the requirements of the user equipment issued by the access network control plane network element 1403, and the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network, and the data network; and transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment and the rules corresponding to the transmission path.
  • the transmission network user plane network element 1407 is configured to receive the transmission network control plane network element 1404 issued by the transmission network control plane network element 1404 to meet the rules corresponding to the transmission path required by the user equipment, and the transmission path passes through the user equipment, the access network, the core network and the data network; and transmit the data message according to the transmission path according to the user layer information carried in the user layer header in the data message of the user equipment and the rules corresponding to the transmission path.
  • the functional modules/units in the system, and the device can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and an appropriate combination thereof.
  • the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be executed cooperatively by several physical components.
  • Some physical components or all physical components can be implemented It is software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or implemented as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit.
  • Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media).
  • computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
  • Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • communication media typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media, as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种数据传输方法、一种电子设备、一种计算机可读存储介质。所述数据传输方法包括：获取用户设备需求，确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；以及将所述传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。

Description

数据传输方法、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年1月19日提交的中国专利申请NO.202210064714.3的优先权，该中国专利申请的内容通过引用的方式整体合并于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及数据传输方法、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质。
背景技术
第五代移动通信技术(5G，5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology)的无线通信标准化工作已进入尾声并开始在全球部署。但是，当前5G技术与用户设备的实际需求之间仍然存在一定的差距，从而导致用户体验度较差。
公开内容
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，应用于融合网元，包括：获取用户设备需求，确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；以及将所述传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，应用于控制面网元，包括：接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及将所述传输路径对应的规则下发给控制面网元对应的用户面网元；所述传输路径对应的规则用于指示所述用户面网元根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输；所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；所述控制面网元为核心网控制面网元和接入网控制面网元中的任意一个；或者，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；所述控制面网元为核心网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元和接入网控制面网元中的任意一个。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，应用于用户面网元，包括：接收用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和所述传输路径对应的规则将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输；所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；所述用户面网元为核心网用户面网元和接入网用户面网元中的任意一个；或者，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；所述用户面网元为核心网用户面网元、传输网用户面网元和接入网用户面网元中的任意一个。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括：至少一个处理器；以及存储器，存储器上存储有至少一个计算机程序，当所述至少一个计算机程序被所述至少一个处理器执行时，实现上述数据传输方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述数据传输方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的相关技术中5G技术的用户面协议栈示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的用户面协议栈示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的数据报文的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的应用于融合网元的数据传输方法的流程图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的应用于控制面网元的数据传输方法的流程图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的应用于用户面网元的数据传输方法的流程图；
图7为本申请实施例的示例1提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；
图8为本申请实施例的示例2提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；
图9为本申请实施例的示例3提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；
图10为本申请实施例的示例4提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；
图11为本申请实施例的示例5提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；
图12为本申请实施例的示例6提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；
图13为本申请实施例的示例7提供的数据传输方法的应用场景示意图；以及
图14为本申请实施例提供的数据传输系统的组成框图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图对本申请提供的数据传输方法、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质进行详细描述。
在下文中将参考附图更充分地描述示例实施例，但是所述示例实施例可以以不同形式来体现，且本申请不应当被解释为限于本文阐述的实施例。提供这些实施例的目的在于使本申请更加透彻和完整，并使本领域技术人员充分理解本申请的范围。
在不冲突的情况下，本申请各实施例及实施例中的各特征可相互组合。
如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括至少一个相关列举条目的任何和所有组合。
本文所使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例，且不限制本申请。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个”和“该”也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外清楚指出。还将理解的是，当本说明书中使用术语“包括”和/或“由……制成”时，指定存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或添加至少一个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其群组。
除非另外限定，否则本文所用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)的含义与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。还将理解，诸如在常用字典中限定的那些术语应当被解释为具有与其在相关技术以及本申请的背景下的含义一致的含义，且将不解释为具有理想化或过度形式上的含义，除非本文明确如此限定。
当前5G技术的用户面协议栈如图1所示。
图1中，用户设备(UE)侧的用户面协议栈包括：5G接入网(AN，Access Network)协议层、协议数据单元(PDU，Protocol Data Unit)层和应用层。
AN侧与UE交互的用户面协议栈包括：5G AN协议层。
AN侧与传输网(TN，Transmission Network)交互的用户面协议栈包括：L1层、L2层、用户数据报协议(UDP，User Datagram Protocol)/互联网协议 (IP，Internet Protocol)层、GTP-U层。
TN侧的用户面协议栈包括：L1层、L2层、UDP/IP层、GTP-U层。
核心网(CN，Core Network)侧的用户面协议栈包括：L1层、L2层、UDP/IP层、GTP-U层和PDU层。
当前5G技术与用户设备的实际需求之间仍然存在一定的差距，主要体现在：AN、TN、CN、数据网(DN，Data Network)之间是相互独立的，无法实现从用户设备到服务器之间的端到端的确定性转发、安全保护、用户需求(如吞吐量和时延要求等)等，从而导致用户体验度较差。
本申请实施例提供的用户面协议栈如图2所示。
图2中，UE侧的用户面协议栈包括：AN协议层、用户层和应用层。
AN侧与UE交互的用户面协议栈包括：AN协议层和用户层。
AN侧与TN交互的用户面协议栈包括：L1层、L2层、传输层和用户层。
TN侧的用户面协议栈包括：L1层、L2层、传输层；或者L1层、L2层、传输层和用户层。在TN侧，用户层是可选方式，可以兼容相关TN设备、或者某些TN无需感知用户层的场景。
CN侧的用户面协议栈包括：L1层、L2层、传输层和用户层。
AN协议层可以与已有技术的AN协议层相同，L1层可以与已有技术的L1层相同，L2层可以与已有技术的L2层相同，传输层可以与已有技术的传输层相同，应用层可以与已有技术的应用层相同，这里不再赘述。
用户层为本申请实施例提供的用户面协议栈中新增的，在用户层对应的用户层头中携带以下用户层信息至少之一：网络切片标识、用户标识、链路标识、应用标识、局域网标识、序列号、组播组标识。
在一些实施方式中，网络切片标识用于标识用户设备(UE，User Equipment)归属的网络切片。
在一些实施方式中，用户标识用于标识UE的身份。
在一些实施方式中，链路标识用于标识UE归属的链路。
在一些实施方式中，应用标识用于标识UE的业务。
在一些实施方式中，局域网标识用于标识UE所在的局域网。
在一些实施方式中，用户层对应的用户层头位于传输层对应的传输层头和载荷之间。如图3所示，在本申请实施例提供的用户面协议栈架构下，数据报文包括：外层IP头、传输层头、用户层头和载荷。也就是说，数据报文的报文头包括：外层IP头、传输层头、用户层头。
外层IP头是指传输层对应的IP头；用户层头是隧道和载荷之间的自定义头；传输层头可以继承以后的传输控制协议(TCP，Transmission Control Protocol)/UDP头，也可以是传输层对应的其他传输层头；载荷是指用户设备的用户报文。
下面介绍基于本申请实施例提出的新的用户面协议栈进行数据传输的方法。
图4为本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的流程图。
第一方面，参照图4，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，应用于融合网元，包括如下步骤400和401。
步骤400、获取用户设备需求，确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网。
在一些实施方式中，用户设备需求包括：用户设备的服务水平协议(SLA，Service Level Agreement)需求。
本申请提供的应用于融合网元的数据传输方法可以在任何需要计算传输路径的情况下获取用户设备需求，下面列举两个例子进行说明。
在一些实施方式中，获取用户设备需求包括：接收核心网控制面网元发送的用户设备需求。
在一些实施方式中，可以在用户设备附着到数据网络的过程中接收核心网控制面网元发送的用户设备需求。核心网控制面网元可以将用户设备需求包含在传输路径申请请求中发送给融合网元。例如，接收核心网控制面网元发送的无线资源申请请求；无线资源申请请求包括：用户设备需求；向核心网控制面网元返回满足用户设备需求的无线资源对应的接入网控制面网元的地址；接收核心网控制面网元发送的传输路径申请请求；传输路径申请请求包括：接入网隧道信息、核心网隧道信息和用户设备需求。
在一些实施方式中，可以在用户设备发起业务之前接收核心网控制面网元上报的用户设备需求。
在一些实施方式中，无线资源是指用于传输用户设备(UE，User Equipment)的数据报文所需要的无线资源，可以包括：无线资源所属的接入网用户面网元信息、时域资源、频域资源等。
在一些实施方式中，无线资源对应的接入网控制面网元是指管理无线资源的接入网控制面网元。一般情况下，一个接入网控制面网元管理至少一个接入网用户面网元的无线资源。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
在一些实施方式中，可以根据接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径。在一些实施方式中，可以根据接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径。
在一些实施方式中，接入网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：接入网内的所有接入网用户面网元的拓扑信息、接入网内任意相邻的两个接入网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于接入网边缘的接入网用户面网元与相邻的传输网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
在一些实施方式中，传输网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：传输网内的所有传输网用户面网元的拓扑信息、传输网内任意相邻的两个传输网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于传输网边缘的传输网用户面网元与相邻的核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
在一些实施方式中，核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：核心网内的所有核心网用户面网元的拓扑信息、核心网内任意相邻的两个核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于核心网边缘的核心网用户面网元与相邻的数据网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
在本申请提供的数据传输方式中，链路质量可以是任意可以表征链路质量的指标。例如，链路质量包括以下至少之一：时延、抖动、丢包率等。
在一些实施方式中，根据接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径是指以用户设备需求和接入网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据为约束条件，计算满足约束条件的传输路径。
在一些实施方式中，根据接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径是指以用户设备需求和接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据为约束条件，计算满足约束条件的传输路径。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：在所述确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径(步骤400)之前，接收核心网控制面网元上报的用户设备的用户层信息。接收核心网控制面网元上报的用户设备的用户层信息用于指示请求的传输路径归属于哪一个用户层信息。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径可以从用户设备开始，途经接入网、核心网， 最终到达数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径也可以从数据网开始，途经核心网、接入网，最终到达用户设备。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径可以从用户设备开始，途经接入网、传输网、核心网，最终到达数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径也可以从数据网开始，途经核心网、传输网、接入网，最终到达用户设备。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径为两条，且两条传输路径具有相同的用户面网元的数量最少；或者两条传输路径完全不重叠。
步骤401、将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，为了兼容相关TN设备或者满足某些TN无需感知用户层的场景，将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。在一些实施方式中，在TN需要感知用户层的场景，将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径对应的规则包括以下至少之一：链路连接规则、服务质量(QoS，Quality of Service)规则、转发规则。
在一些实施方式中，链路连接规则是指每一条链路是由哪两个网元连接的。
在一些实施方式中，QoS规则是指每一条链路的QoS指标。
在一些实施方式中，转发规则是指每一条链路的转发规则。
在一些实施方式中，可以将整个传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元，即下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元的规则是一样的。
在一些实施方式中，可以将整个传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元，即下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元的规则是一样的。
在一些实施方式中，也可以将传输路径途经接入网的部分对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元，将传输路径途经传输网的部分对应的规则下发给传输网控制面网元，将传输路径途经核心网的部分对应的规则下发给核心网控制面网元，即下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元的规则是不一样的。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径对应的规则用于指示接入网用户面网元和核心网用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径对应的规则用于指示接入网用户面网元、传输网用户面网元和核心网用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：在确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径(步骤400)后，将L2/L3转发表下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：在确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径(步骤400)后，将L2/L3转发表下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，L2是指MAC层，L3是指IP层。
在一些实施方式中，L2/L3转发表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和对应的出端口。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：为用户设备分配用户层信息，将分配的用户层信息发送给用户设备。
在一些实施方式中，用户层信息包括以下至少之一：网络切片标识、用户标识、链路标识、应用标识、局域网标识、序列号、组播组标识。
在一些实施方式中，可以在为用户分配网络切片时分配网络切片标识给用 户设备。
在一些实施方式中，可以在用户设备附着过程中为用户设备分配用户标识。
在一些实施方式中，可以在确定传输路径时为用户设备分配链路标识。
在一些实施方式中，可以在用户设备发起业务时为用户设备分配应用标识。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：将传输路径对应的用户层信息下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径和传输路径对应的用户层信息可以同时下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元，也可以分开单独下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元的用户层信息即为核心网控制面网元上报的用户层信息。
本申请提供的数据传输方法，通过融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径，并将传输路径下发到接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元，由于确定的传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网，满足端到端的确定性转发需求，同时也满足用户设备需求，从而提高了用户体验度。
图5为本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的流程图。
第二方面，参照图5，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，应用于控制面网元，包括如下步骤500和501。
步骤500、接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径对应的规则包括以下至少之一：链路连接规则、QoS规则、转发规则。
在一些实施方式中，链路连接规则是指每一条链路是由哪两个网元连接的。
在一些实施方式中，QoS规则是指每一条链路的QoS指标。
在一些实施方式中，转发规则是指每一条链路的转发规则。
在一些实施方式中，接收的规则可以是整个传输路径对应的规则。
在一些实施方式中，接收的规则也可以是传输路径途经核心网的部分对应的规则。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：接收融合网元下发的传输路径对应的用户层信息。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径可以从用户设备开始，途经接入网、核心网，最终到达数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径也可以从数据网开始，途经核心网、接入网，最终到达用户设备。在一些实施方式中，传输路径可以从用户设备开始，途经接入网、传输网、核心网，最终到达数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径也可以从数据网开始，途经核心网、传输网、接入网，最终到达用户设备。
在一些实施方式中，接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则。在一些实施方式中，接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则和L2/L3转发表。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径为两条，且两条传输路径具有相同的用户面网元的数量最少；或者两条传输路径完全不重叠。
步骤501、将传输路径对应的规则下发给控制面网元对应的用户面网元；传输路径对应的规则用于指示用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；控制面网元为核心网控制面网元和接入网控制面网元中的任意一个。在一些实 施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；控制面网元为核心网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元和接入网控制面网元中的任意一个。
核心网控制面网元对应的用户面网元为核心网用户面网元，传输网控制面网元对应的用户面网元为传输网用户面网元，接入网控制面网元对应的用户面网元为接入网用户面网元。
在一些实施方式中，数据报文的载荷为密文形式或明文形式，即数据报文的载荷可以是加密的或非加密的。
在一些实施方式中，将传输路径对应的规则下发给控制面网元对应的用户面网元包括：将传输路径对应的规则转换为动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给用户面网元；动作列表的表项用于指示用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
在一些实施方式中，将传输路径对应的规则下发给控制面网元对应的用户面网元。在一些实施方式中，将传输路径对应的规则和L2/L3转发表下发给控制面网元对应的用户面网元。
在一些实施方式中，在接收的规则为整个传输路径对应的规则的情况下，需要从整个传输路径对应的规则中提取出传输路径途经用户面网元所在的网络的部分对应的规则，将传输路径途经用户面网元所在的网络的部分对应的规则转换为动作列表的表项。
在一些实施方式中，动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
在一些实施方式中，表项中的用户层信息可以是融合网元下发的传输路径对应的用户层信息。
在一些实施方式中，动作可以是任何可以对数据报文执行的动作。例如，加入组播组动作、复制转发动作、转发动作、分流动作等。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则之前，向融合网元发送用户设备需求。
在一些实施方式中，可以在用户设备附着到数据网络的过程中向融合网元发送用户设备需求。将用户设备需求包含在传输路径申请请求中发送给融合网元。例如，向融合网元发送无线资源申请请求；无线资源申请请求包括：用户设备的SLA需求；接收融合网元返回的满足用户设备需求的无线资源对应的接入网控制面网元的地址；根据接入网控制面网元的地址向接入网控制面网元发送接入网隧道信息申请请求；接收接入网控制面网元返回的接入网隧道信息，向融合网元发送传输路径申请请求；传输路径申请请求包括：接入网隧道信息、核心网隧道信息和用户设备需求。
在一些实施方式中，可以在用户设备发起业务之前向融合网元发送用户设备需求。接收用户设备发送的用户设备需求,向融合网元发送用户设备需求。
在一些实施方式中，可以在接收到用户设备发送的会话接入请求的情况下，向融合网元发送无线资源申请请求；会话接入请求包括：数据网络名称(DNN，Data Network Name)、网络切片标识、SLA需求等信息。
在一些实施方式中，无线资源是指用于传输用户设备的数据报文所需要的无线资源，可以包括：无线资源所属的接入网用户面网元信息、时域资源、频域资源等。
在一些实施方式中，无线资源对应的接入网控制面网元是指管理无线资源的接入网控制面网元。一般情况下，一个接入网控制面网元管理至少一个接入网用户面网元的无线资源。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则之前，向融合网元上报测量数据。
在一些实施方式中，核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：核心网内的所有核心网用户面网元的拓扑信息、核心网内任意相邻的两个核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于核心网边缘的核心网用户面网元与相邻的数据网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
在一些实施方式中，传输网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：传输网内的所有传输网用户面网元的拓扑信息、传输网内任意相邻的两个传输网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于传输网边缘的传输网用户面网元与相邻的核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
在一些实施方式中，核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：核心网内的所有核心网用户面网元的拓扑信息、核心网内任意相邻的两个核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于核心网边缘的核心网用户面网元与相邻的数据网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
在一些实施方式中，可以在接收到融合网元的测量通知消息的情况下，向融合网元上报测量数据；或者，可以主动向融合网元上报测量数据。
在一些实施方式中，可以实时向融合网元上报测量数据；或者，周期性向融合网元上报测量数据；或者，在测量数据发生变化时向融合网元上报测量数据；或者，在有需求的情况下向融合网元上报测量数据。
本申请提供的数据传输方法，通过控制面网元将满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则下发给用户面网元，传输路径对应的规则用于指示用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输，实现了对数据报文的端到端的确定性转发需求，同时也满足了用户设备需求，从而提高了用户体验度。
图6为本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的流程图。
第三方面，参照图6，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，应用于用户面网元，包括步骤600和601。
步骤600、接收用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；用户面网元为核心网用户面网元和接入网用户面网元中的任意一个。在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；用户面网元为核心网用户网元、传输网用户面网元和接入网用户面网元中的任意一个。
核心网用户面网元对应的控制面网元为核心网控制面网元，传输网用户面网元对应的控制面网元为传输网控制面网元，接入网用户面网元对应的控制面网元为接入网控制面网元。
在一些实施方式中，接收用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则包括：接收控制面网元下发的动作列表的表项；动作列表的表项根据满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则转换得到。
在一些实施方式中，动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
在一些实施方式中，接收用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则。在一些实施方式中，接收用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则和L2/L3转发表。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径可以从用户设备开始，途经接入网、核心网，最终到达数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径也可以从数据网开始，途经核 心网、接入网，最终到达用户设备。在一些实施方式中，传输路径可以从用户设备开始，途经接入网、传输网、核心网，最终到达数据网。在一些实施方式中，传输路径也可以从数据网开始，途经核心网、传输网、接入网，最终到达用户设备。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径为两条，且两条传输路径具有相同的用户面网元的数量最少；或者两条传输路径完全不重叠。
步骤601、根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和传输路径对应的规则将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
在一些实施方式中，数据报文的载荷为密文形式或明文形式，即数据报文的载荷可以是加密的或非加密的。
在一些实施方式中，用户层信息包括以下至少之一：网络切片标识、用户标识、链路标识、应用标识、局域网标识、序列号、组播组标识。
在一些实施方式中，根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和传输路径对应的规则将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输包括：在第一对应关系中查找用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的动作，按照查找到的动作传输数据报文。
在一些实施方式中，接收到用户设备的数据报文后，对数据报文进行解封装得到数据报文的报文头中的用户层头携带的用户层信息，根据解封装得到的用户层信息在第一对应关系中查找用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的动作传输重新封装的数据报文。
在本申请中，数据报文可以是任何数据报文，数据报文的载荷可以携带任何信息。下面列举携带加入组播消息的例子进行描述。
在一些实施方式中，数据报文的载荷中携带加入组播消息；该数据传输方法还包括：在第一对应关系中查找用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的动作后，在查找到的动作不包括加入组播动作的情况下，按照查找到的动作传输数据报文。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输方法还包括：在查找到的动作包括加入组播动作的情况下，在组播表中查找用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的组播组标识，加入查找到的组播组标识对应的组播组；组播表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和组播组标识之间的第二对应关系。
也就是说，在用户设备接入组播组后，停止传输数据报文的步骤。
在一些实施方式中，按照查找到的动作传输重新封装的数据报文。在一些实施方式中，按照查找到的动作查找所述L2/L3转发表中所述用户层信息对应的出端口，从查找到的出端口传输所述数据报文。
本申请提供的数据传输方法，通过用户面网元实现了对数据报文的端到端的确定性转发需求，同时也满足了用户设备需求，从而提高了用户体验度。
下面针对不同的应用场景详细说明上述数据传输方法的应用示例。
示例1
相关技术中，无线网的组播或广播技术中的组播表由用户面功能(UPF，User Plane Function)实体维护，由于UPF位置太高，会存在大量链路冗余，例如，用户设备加入组播组，需要将加入组播消息(即join消息)发送到UPF实体，在UPF实体实现组播组的加入。
本示例中，用户设备基于融合网元分配的传输路径进行加入组播(join)消息的传输，加入组播(join)消息在接入网用户面网元、传输网用户面网元、核心网用户面网元中传输时，均将包含加入组播(join)消息的数据报文与用户面网元中设置的组播表进行匹配，如匹配上，则加入对应的组播组，而不需要将加入组播(join)消息传输到UPF实体，从而减少了链路冗余。为了实现用户设备的快速加入，可以将组播表设置在距离用户设备最近的用户面网元，例如接入网用户面网元中。
如图7所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
2、融合网元将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
3、接入网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
为了使用户设备尽快加入组播组，可以在下发给最接近用户设备的接入网用户面网元的接入网动作列表的表项中增加加入组播动作。
为了使用户设备接收组播数据，可以在下发给最接近用户设备的接入网用户面网元的接入网动作列表的表项中增加复制转发动作。
为了实现用户设备其他数据报文的传输，接入网动作列表中仍然可以包括转发动作对应的表项。
4、传输网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
5、核心网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
6、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文一；数据报文一中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息一，数据报文一中的载荷携带加入组播消息。
7、接入网用户面网元对数据报文一进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息一，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息一对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作包括加入组播动作，则在组播表中查找数据报文一中的用户层信息一对应的组播组标识，如表1所示，加入查找到的组播组标识对应的组播组。
表1
8、核心网用户面网元接收服务器发送的数据报文二；数据报文二中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息二。
9、核心网用户面网元对数据报文二进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息二，在核心网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息二对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文二重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文二。
10、传输网用户面网元接收服务器发送的数据报文二；数据报文二中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息二。
11、传输网用户面网元对数据报文二进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息二，在传输网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息二对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文二重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文二。
12、接入网用户面网元接收服务器发送的数据报文二；数据报文二中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息二，数据报文二中的载荷携带组播数据。
13、接入网用户面网元对数据报文二进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息二，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息二对应的动作，本示例中，用户层信息二为组播组标识，查找到的动作包括复制转发动作，则对数据报文二重新封装报文头，将重新封装的数据报文二复制成N份，分别发送到加入组播组标识对应的组播组的每一个用户设备，N为加入组播组标识对应的组播组的用户设备数量。
示例2
相关技术中，支持网络内各节点的时延测量，但是由于接入网、传输网、核心网之间相互隔离，无法感知各种网络之外的其他网络的网络拓扑信息，从而无法进行端到端的确定性转发。
本示例中，接入网、传输网、核心网的控制面网元分别上报自身网络的测量数据给融合网元，融合网元根据接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径，从而实现端到端的确定性转发。
如图8所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元向融合网元上报对应的测量数据。
接入网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：接入网内的所有接入网用户面网元的拓扑信息、接入网内任意相邻的两个接入网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于接入网边缘的接入网用户面网元与相邻的传输网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
传输网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：传输网内的所有传输网用户面网元的拓扑信息、传输网内任意相邻的两个传输网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于传输网边缘的传输网用户面网元与相邻的核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据可以包括：核心网内的所有核心网用户面网元的拓扑信息、核心网内任意相邻的两个核心网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量，以及位于核心网边缘的核心网用户面网元与相邻的数据网用户面网元之间的链路的链路质量。
2、用户设备在附着到数据网络的过程中或发起业务之前，向核心网控制面网元发送SLA需求，核心网控制面网元向融合网元上报SLA需求。
3、融合网元根据接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元上报的测量数据确定满足SLA需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
4、融合网元将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
5、接入网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
接入网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
6、传输网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
7、核心网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
8、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息。
9、接入网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
10、传输网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息。
11、传输网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在传输网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
12、核心网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息。
13、核心网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在核心网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
示例3
相关技术中，5G技术通过上行链路分类器(ULCL，UpLink Classifier)或多方归属(Multi-Homing)功能支持本地分流，但是由于依赖于深度包检测技术(DPI，Deep Packet Inspection)，不是所有转发设备都能支持分流，只能依赖下沉的UPF实体做分流点，既增加了网络建设成本，也增加了网络复杂度，与减少流量迂回的目的相悖。
本示例中，分流不需要在UPF实体上执行，可以在任何一个用户面网元上执行，只要将分流的路径规划好即可。
如图9所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、融合网元根据策略控制信息将流过滤器通过接入网控制面网元下发给用户设备；流过滤器中设置有业务流和应用标识之间的映射关系。
2、融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
在满足分流场景下，针对不同业务流确定不同的传输路径，也就是说，流和传输路径一一对应。
3、融合网元将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
4、接入网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系，用户层信息包括应用标识。
接入网动作列表的表项中的动作均为分流动作。
5、传输网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系，用户层信息包括应用标识。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为分流动作。
6、核心网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系，用户层信息包括应用 标识。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为分流动作。
7、用户设备发起业务，根据流过滤器中设置的业务流和应用标识之间的映射关系，在数据报文的报文头的用户层头中的用户层信息中携带目前的业务流对应的应用标识。
8、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，用户层信息包括应用标识。
9、接入网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的应用标识，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的应用标识对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为分流动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的分流动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
10、传输网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，用户层信息包括应用标识。
11、传输网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的应用标识，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的应用标识对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为分流动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的分流动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
12、核心网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，用户层信息包括应用标识。
13、核心网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的应用标识，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的应用标识对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为分流动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的分流动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
示例4
相关技术中，5G局域网(LAN，Local Area Network)技术中的L2/L3转发表由UPF维护，UPF位置太高，园区内用户设备互访会产生大量流量迂回，转发效率不高。
本示例中，融合网元将L2/L3转发表下发到各个网络的控制面网元，再通过控制面网元下发到传输路径的用户面网元。
如图10所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、无线侧的用户设备和网络侧的端站接入某个LAN。
2、融合网元汇总各个用户设备和各个端站的L2/L3地址，根据各个用户设备和各个端站的L2/L3地址生成L2/L3转发表，如表2所示。
表2
3、融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
4、融合网元将传输路径对应的规则和L2/L3转发表下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
5、接入网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项和L2/L3转发表下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系，用户层信息包括应用标识。
接入网动作列表的表项中的动作均为本地交换动作(local switch  action)。
6、传输网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项和L2/L3转发表下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系，用户层信息包括应用标识。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为本地交换动作(local switch action)。
7、核心网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项和L2/L3转发表下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系，用户层信息包括应用标识。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为本地交换动作(local switch action)。
8、用户设备发起业务，在数据报文的报文头的用户层头中的用户层信息中携带目前所在的LAN标识。
9、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中用户层信息包括用户标识和局域网标识。
10、接入网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为本地交换动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的分流动作查找L2/L3转发表中用户层信息对应的出端口，从查找到的出端口转发重新封装的数据报文。
11、传输网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中用户层信息包括用户标识和局域网标识。
12、传输网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在传输网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为本地转换动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的分流动作查找L2/L3转发表中用户层信息对应的出端口，从查找到的出端口转发重新封装的数据报文。
13、核心网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中用户层信息包括用户标识和局域网标识。
14、核心网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在核心网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为本地转换动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的分流动作查找L2/L3转发表中用户层信息对应的出端口，从查找到的出端口转发重新封装的数据报文。
示例5
相关技术中，可靠传输技术靠建立双会话实现，即使是双会话，在传输网上也可能是相同的路径，接入的接入网网元也可能是同一个，不是端到端的可靠性。
本示例中，通过融合网元建立两条传输路径，使得这两条传输路径具有相同的用户面网元的数量最少，或者两条传输路径完全不重叠，从而保证可靠性传输。
如图11所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的两条传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网，这两条传输路径具有相同的用户面 网元的数量最少，或者两条传输路径完全不重叠。
2、融合网元将这两条传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
3、接入网控制面网元将这两条传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
接入网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
4、传输网控制面网元将这两条传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
5、核心网控制面网元将这两条传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
6、用户设备发起业务，复制数据报文在这两条传输路径上发送，两个数据报文的报文头的用户层头中携带的用户层信息包括：链路标识和序列号，两个数据报文携带的链路标识相同，序列号也相同。
7、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中的数据报文中携带的用户层信息包括链路标识和序列号。
8、接入网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
9、传输网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中的数据报文中携带的用户层信息包括链路标识和序列号。
10、传输网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在传输网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
11、核心网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中的数据报文中携带的用户层信息包括链路标识和序列号。
12、核心网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在核心网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
13、服务器接收到数据报文，根据数据报文中携带的链路标识和序列号消除冗余报文。
示例6
相关技术中，用户设备的身份标识只能采用IP地址，在锚点发生变化时，用户设备的IP地址也跟着发生变化，必然会影响业务连续性。而会话与业务连续性(SSC，Session and Service Continuity)技术也只是通过暂时保持现有业务流，尽快建立新业务流实现业务连续性，协作复杂且不可靠。
本示例中，通过在用户层头中携带用户层信息的方法，在用户设备移动过程中，由于锚点变化引起的IP地址的变化，仍能通过用户层信息识别用户设备的身份，确保业务的连续性。
如图12所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
2、融合网元将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
3、接入网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
接入网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
4、传输网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
5、核心网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
6、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息。
7、接入网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
8、传输网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息。
9、传输网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在传输网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
10、核心网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息。
11、核心网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在核心网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
12、当用户设备发生移动时，融合网元通知数据网控制面网元用户设备的位置变化，数据网控制面网元通过相关服务器同步用户信息，如用户标识、应用标识。
13、融合网元重新为用户设备计算新的传输路径，重复1至11按照新的传输路径进行转发。
14、由于锚点变化，数据报文的源IP地址虽然发生变化，但是新的服务器通过数据报文中的用户层信息识别是已有用户的用户标识、应用标识，可以保持当前业务的连续性。
示例7
相关技术中，网络上传输的数据报文包含用户信息，存在被劫持的风险。用户设备的用户报文中的用户IP头携带的IP地址也属于用户信息，网络上无法保证IP地址的安全性。
本示例中，将用户设备的用户报文作为数据报文的载荷，对数据报文的载荷进行加密，又不影响数据报文的正常转发，从而提高了安全性。
如图13所示，数据传输方法包括：
1、融合网元确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网。
2、融合网元将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元、核心网控制面网元。
3、接入网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为接入网动作列表的表项，将接入网动作列表的表项下发给接入网用户面网元；接入网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
接入网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
4、传输网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为传输网动作列表的表项，将传输网动作列表的表项下发给传输网用户面网元；传输网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
传输网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
5、核心网控制面网元将传输路径对应的规则转换为核心网动作列表的表项，将核心网动作列表的表项下发给核心网用户面网元；核心网动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系。
核心网动作列表的表项中的动作均为转发动作。
6、用户设备发起业务，在数据报文的用户层头中携带用户层信息，对数据报文的载荷进行加密。
数据报文的载荷即为用户设备的用户报文。
7、接入网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中用户层信息包括：用户标识、链路标识、应用标识。
8、接入网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在接入网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
9、传输网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中用户层信息包括：用户标识、链路标识、应用标识。
10、传输网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在传输网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
11、核心网用户面网元接收用户设备发送的数据报文；数据报文中的报文头中的用户层头中携带用户层信息，本示例中用户层信息包括：用户标识、链路标识、应用标识。
12、核心网用户面网元对数据报文进行解封装得到报文头中的用户层头中的用户层信息，在核心网动作列表中查找解封装得到的用户层信息对应的动作，本示例中，查找到的动作为转发动作，对数据报文重新封装报文头，按照查找到的转发动作转发重新封装的数据报文。
13、接收端接收到数据报文后，对数据报文的载荷进行解密得到用户设备的用户报文，根据用户设备的用户报文进行业务处理。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括：至少一个处理器；以及存储器，存储器上存储有至少一个计算机程序，当至少一个计算机程序被至少一个处理器执行时，实现上述数据传输方法。
处理器为具有数据处理能力的器件，包括但不限于中央处理器(CPU)等；存储器为具有数据存储能力的器件，包括但不限于随机存取存储器(RAM，更具体如SDRAM、DDR等)、只读存储器(ROM)、带电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、 闪存(FLASH)。
在一些实施方式中，处理器、存储器通过总线相互连接，进而与计算设备的其它组件连接。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述数据传输方法。
图14为本申请实施例提供的数据传输系统的组成框图。
第六方面，参照图14，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输系统，包括：融合网元1401、核心网控制面网元1402、接入网控制面网元1403、核心网用户面网元1405、接入网用户面网元1406。
在一些实施方式中，该数据传输系统还包括：传输网控制面网元1404、传输网用户面网元1407。
在一些实施方式中，融合网元1401配置为获取用户设备需求，确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径。
在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；融合网元1401配置为将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元1403、核心网控制面网元1402。在一些实施方式中，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；融合网元1401配置为将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元1403、传输网控制面网元1404和核心网控制面网元1402。
核心网控制面网元1402，配置为接收融合网元1401下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及将传输路径对应的规则下发给核心网用户面网元；传输路径对应的规则用于指示核心网用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
接入网控制面网元1403，配置为接收融合网元1401下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及将传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网用户面网元；传输路径对应的规则用于指示接入网用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
传输网控制面网元1404，配置为接收融合网元1401下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及将传输路径对应的规则下发给传输网用户面网元；传输路径对应的规则用于指示传输网用户面网元根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
核心网用户面网元1405，配置为接收核心网控制面网元1402下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；以及根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和传输路径对应的规则将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
接入网用户面网元1406，配置为接收接入网控制面网元1403下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；以及根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和传输路径对应的规则将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
传输网用户面网元1407，配置为接收传输网控制面网元1404下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则，传输路径途经用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；以及根据用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和传输路径对应的规则将数据报文按照传输路径进行传输。
上述数据传输系统的具体实现过程与前述的数据传输方法的具体实现过程相同，这里不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施 为由处理器(如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器)执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其它存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其它光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其它磁存储器、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其它的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其它传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其它数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。
本文已经公开了示例实施例，并且虽然采用了具体术语，但它们仅用于并仅应当被解释为一般说明性含义，并且不用于限制的目的。在一些实例中，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，除非另外明确指出，否则与特定实施例相结合描述的特征、特性和/或元素可单独使用，或可与结合其它实施例描述的特征、特性和/或元件组合使用。因此，本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离由所附的权利要求阐明的本申请的范围的情况下，可进行各种形式和细节上的改变。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种数据传输方法，应用于融合网元，包括：
    获取用户设备需求，确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径；其中，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；以及
    将所述传输路径对应的规则下发给接入网控制面网元和核心网控制面网元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；
    该方法还包括：在所述确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径后，将所述传输路径对应的规则下发给传输网控制面网元。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2中所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述获取用户设备需求包括：
    接收核心网控制面网元发送的所述用户设备需求。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2中所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述用户设备需求包括：所述用户设备的服务水平协议(SLA)需求。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2中所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述传输路径对应的规则用于指示接入网用户面网元和核心网用户面网元根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输；
    或者，所述传输路径对应的规则用于指示接入网用户面网元、传输网用户面网元和核心网用户面网元根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2中所述的数据传输方法，还包括：
    所述确定满足用户设备需求的传输路径后，将L2/L3转发表下发给所述接入网控制面网元和所述核心网控制面网元；
    或者，将所述L2/L3转发表下发给所述接入网控制面网元、所述传输网控制面网元和所述核心网控制面网元。
  7. 一种数据传输方法，应用于控制面网元，包括：
    接收融合网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及
    将所述传输路径对应的规则下发给所述控制面网元对应的用户面网元；其中，所述传输路径对应的规则用于指示所述用户面网元根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输；
    其中，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；所述控制面网元为核心网控制面网元和接入网控制面网元中的任意一个；或者，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；所述控制面网元为核心网控制面网元、传输网控制面网元和接入网控制面网元中的任意一个。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述将所述传输路径对应 的规则下发给所述控制面网元对应的用户面网元包括：
    将所述传输路径对应的规则转换为动作列表的表项，将所述动作列表的表项下发给所述用户面网元；其中，所述动作列表的表项用于指示所述用户面网元根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的数据传输方法，还包括：
    接收所述融合网元下发的L2/L3转发表；以及
    将所述L2/L3转发表下发给所述控制面网元对应的用户面网元。
  10. 一种数据传输方法，应用于用户面网元，包括：
    接收所述用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则；以及
    根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和所述传输路径对应的规则将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输；
    其中，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、核心网和数据网；所述用户面网元为核心网用户面网元和接入网用户面网元中的任意一个；或者，所述传输路径途经所述用户设备、接入网、传输网、核心网和数据网；所述用户面网元为核心网用户面网元、传输网用户面网元和接入网用户面网元中的任意一个。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述接收所述用户面网元对应的控制面网元下发的满足用户设备需求的传输路径对应的规则包括：
    接收所述控制面网元下发的动作列表的表项；其中，所述动作列表的表项根据所述传输路径对应的规则转换得到。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述动作列表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和动作之间的第一对应关系；
    所述根据所述用户设备的数据报文中的用户层头携带的用户层信息和所述传输路径对应的规则将所述数据报文按照所述传输路径进行传输包括：在所述第一对应关系中查找所述用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的动作，按照查找到的动作传输所述数据报文。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述数据报文的载荷中携带加入组播消息；该方法还包括：
    在所述第一对应关系中查找所述用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的动作后，在所述查找到的动作不包括加入组播动作的情况下，按照查找到的动作传输所述数据报文；以及
    在所述查找到的动作包括加入组播动作的情况下，在组播表中查找所述用户层头携带的用户层信息对应的组播组标识，加入查找到的组播组标识对应的组播组；其中，所述组播表的每一个表项包括：用户层信息和组播组标识之间的第二对应关系。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的数据传输方法，还包括：所述按照查找到的动作传输所述数据报文之前，接收所述控制面网元下发的L2/L3转发表；
    所述按照查找到的动作传输所述数据报文包括：按照查找到的动作查找所述L2/L3转发表中所述用户层信息对应的出端口，从查找到的出端口传输所述数据报文。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14中任意一项所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述用户层信息包括以下至少之一：网络切片标识、用户标识、链路标识、应用标识、局域网标识、序列号、组播组标识。
  16. 根据权利要求10至14中任意一项所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述传输路径为两条，且两条传输路径具有相同的用户面网元的数量最少；或者两条传输路径完全不重叠。
  17. 根据权利要求10至14中任意一项所述的数据传输方法，其中，所述数据报文的载荷为密文形式。
  18. 一种电子设备，包括：
    至少一个处理器；以及
    存储器，所述存储器上存储有至少一个计算机程序，当所述至少一个计算机程序被所述至少一个处理器执行时，实现权利要求1至17中任意一项所述的数据传输方法。
  19. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至17中任意一项所述的数据传输方法。
PCT/CN2023/073058 2022-01-19 2023-01-19 数据传输方法、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质 WO2023138642A1 (zh)

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