WO2023138291A1 - 基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法 - Google Patents

基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023138291A1
WO2023138291A1 PCT/CN2022/140615 CN2022140615W WO2023138291A1 WO 2023138291 A1 WO2023138291 A1 WO 2023138291A1 CN 2022140615 W CN2022140615 W CN 2022140615W WO 2023138291 A1 WO2023138291 A1 WO 2023138291A1
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resource
satellite network
transaction
blockchain
participant
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PCT/CN2022/140615
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French (fr)
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苏畅
李洁
谢显中
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重庆邮电大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/06Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0645Rental transactions; Leasing transactions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3829Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/42Confirmation, e.g. check or permission by the legal debtor of payment
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/06Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/08Auctions

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  • the invention belongs to the field of mobile communication, and relates to a block chain-based multi-tenant distributed leasing method for satellite network resources.
  • the present invention combines blockchain technology with smart contracts to provide a distributed alternative to the traditional centralized slice brokerage method.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed method for leasing satellite network resources, which combines reputation with a blockchain-based leasing mechanism to prevent intermediate entities from manipulating transaction results, improve system transaction throughput, and reduce transaction delays.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed method for leasing satellite network resources there are two roles, the resource owner and the resource demander, who together form a coalition.
  • resources are regarded as commodities that circulate on the coalition, and blockchain technology is used to realize the safety and reliability of transactions while satisfying economic benefits in an incomplete trust environment, and at the same time realize a tamper-proof record keeping system.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • S23 Get the reputation value of the participant: first calculate the reputation score of the participant, then combine the transaction fee to ensure the honesty of the participant, and finally use the sliding window to ensure that the selected leader is an honest participant who continues to contribute.
  • a multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing is constructed, specifically including: satellite network operators and tenants obtain identity certificates, that is, public key certificates from trusted third parties; member service providers (MSPs) are trusted institutions in Fabric; at the same time, participants digitally sign occupancy contracts, namely smart contracts, which stipulate the rights and obligations of partners and applicable sanctions in case of infringement; resource demanders have the right to issue their own resource requirements, and satellite network resource owners have the right to issue a list of resources they can provide Both have the power of the competition leader to issue proposals; if the needs of both parties are successfully matched, the partner is obliged to perform the service in accordance with the agreed service level agreement SLA requirements;
  • MSPs member service providers
  • Use Fabric to deploy a series of smart contracts or chaincodes before deploying the chaincode to the channel, the members of the channel agree on the chaincode definition for establishing chaincode governance (multiple organizations agree on how the chaincode will operate before it is used to create transactions); when the required number of organizations is met, the chaincode definition can be submitted to the channel, and the chaincode can be used; in this system, the endorsement policy adopted is N-out-of-N, that is, all nodes must endorse.
  • step S21 a dual lease mechanism for satellite network resources is constructed, specifically including the following steps:
  • S211 Define the key factors of satellite network resource providers and resource demanders for virtual network function resources, including resource types and performance indicators;
  • S212 Grouping according to resource IDs, and sorting bids and asking values of all participants in each group;
  • step S211 specifically includes: assigning resource IDs to different types of virtual network functions for identification:
  • id u represents the identification of a certain virtual network function by a participant in a transaction, for example: simultaneous transaction gateway function and router function, etc., can use id 1 and id 2 to identify and rent separately.
  • u represents the total number of virtual network function types, and m represents the total number of satellite network resource demanders.
  • step S212 specifically includes: for the satellite network resource provider L:
  • L represents the satellite network resource provider
  • D represents the resource demander
  • l i represents the i-th satellite network resource provider
  • d j represents the j-th satellite network resource demander
  • Indicates the resource asking price of the nth satellite network resource provider Indicates the bid of the mth satellite network resource demander
  • n indicates the number of satellite network resource providers
  • m indicates the total number of satellite network resource demanders.
  • Equation (3) shows resource providers in ascending order of asking prices
  • equation (4) shows resource demanders in descending order of resource bids.
  • step S213 specifically includes: for each group, it is required to find the point C with the maximum feasible number of transactions under the condition of satisfying the Walrasian equilibrium and the resource demand side’s key resource requirements, where there are S asking prices and K bidding prices, and the prices on both sides of this point satisfy:
  • step S214 the expression of the trader's payment value ⁇ is:
  • step S215 specifically includes: when confirming the list of buyers and sellers who have successfully traded, there may be multiple buyers whose bids are consistent and satisfy the transaction price, that is,
  • the Leader will match which buyer the resource will be allocated to according to their reputation value. If the reputation value R satisfies then the resource will be assigned to j; and vice versa.
  • a blockchain-based resource leasing mechanism is constructed, specifically including:
  • S222 The leader initiates a transaction proposal, including a lessor and lessor's bid table and reputation value table, resource ID, the number of available/required resources proposed by each participant and their corresponding performance indicators, as well as the result and transaction number of the dual lease mechanism for operating satellite network resources within the participant;
  • the transaction proposal will be broadcast to the peers of each blockchain member, the peers are the basic components of any Fabric network; the peers store the blockchain ledger and verify the transaction before submitting the transaction to the ledger; the peers run smart contracts that contain business logic for managing assets on the blockchain ledger;
  • S224 The transaction is sent to the Order node for sorting, where a consensus is reached, and finally a block is created and submitted to the ledger.
  • step S221 a leader algorithm is first used to select a leader, wherein a sliding window is used to calculate the cumulative reputation score.
  • step S23 the calculation formula of participant i's reputation score r i is:
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention combines the reputation with the leasing mechanism based on the block chain, improves the transaction throughput of the system, reduces the transaction delay, enhances the security and provides the required incentive mechanism. Specifically include the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention introduces blockchain into the process of satellite network resource leasing, and proposes a multi-tenant distributed satellite network resource transaction architecture based on blockchain, so as to realize a distributed leasing mechanism and prevent intermediate entities from manipulating transaction results.
  • the present invention adopts a variant of the double auction mechanism as a smart contract; and introduces a proposal issuer selection scheme based on reputation value and finally determines the list of successful buyers and sellers according to reputation value.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing
  • Figure 2 is a multi-tenant distributed satellite network resource transaction architecture diagram
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of price changes of the dual leasing mechanism adopted by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a blockchain-based multi-tenant distributed method for leasing satellite network resources.
  • this method there are two roles, the resource owner and the resource demander, who together form an alliance.
  • resources are regarded as commodities circulated on the alliance, and blockchain technology is used to achieve economic benefits while ensuring the safety and reliability of transactions in a non-complete trust environment.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • Figure 1 illustrates a multi-tenant business ecosystem for satellite network resource leasing.
  • satellite network operators and tenants need to obtain proof of identity (public key certificates) from a trusted third party.
  • a member service provider (MSP) is a trusted institution in Fabric.
  • the participants are required to digitally sign the occupancy contract (i.e. the smart contract), which specifies the rights and obligations of the partner as well as the applicable sanctions in case of infringement.
  • Resource demanders have the right to issue their own resource requirements
  • satellite network resource owners have the right to issue a list of resources they can provide, and both have the right to issue proposals from competitive leaders. If the requirements of both parties are successfully matched, the partner is obliged to perform the service in accordance with the agreed SLA requirements.
  • Various resources on the satellite network can generate an end-to-end full virtual satellite network or a combined/single virtual network function through virtualization technology, and can also include infrastructure. How to achieve safe and reliable transactions among participants while meeting the economic benefits of these resources in a multi-participant non-full trust environment.
  • the transaction process of the present invention is a bilateral trade process with multiple suppliers and multiple demanders
  • the present invention considers the requirements of resource demanders for expected resource performance indicators on the basis of a blockchain-based distributed market, and classifies and identifies different resources to facilitate the simultaneous leasing of multiple resources. At the same time, it also introduces reputation values to determine who can buy back/sell VNF and other resources when resources are insufficient/sufficient.
  • the present invention defines minimum performance indicators for each virtual network function resource type And its size is determined through negotiation among members of the resource alliance.
  • the satellite network resource provider did not really divide the resources when proposing the number and price of virtual network functions.
  • Q min the satellite network resource provider can propose the number of virtual network functions whose performance index is Q min that he can provide in each transaction.
  • the virtual/terrestrial network operator calculates how many virtual network functions it needs with a performance index of Q min according to its own performance requirements for the virtual network function.
  • the leasing mechanism adopted in the present invention is a mechanism for trading homogeneous resources, and the specific execution steps are as follows:
  • S211 Define the requirements of satellite network resource providers and resource demanders for key factors (resource types, performance indicators) of virtual network function resources as follows:
  • resource IDs for identification Different types of virtual network functions are assigned resource IDs for identification:
  • id u represents the identification of a certain virtual network function by a participant in a transaction, for example: simultaneous transaction gateway function and router function, etc., can use id 1 and id 2 to identify and rent separately.
  • u represents the total number of virtual network function types, and m represents the total number of satellite network resource demanders.
  • S212 Grouping according to the resource ID, sorting the bids and asking values of all participants in each group:
  • L represents the satellite network resource provider
  • D represents the resource demander
  • l i represents the i-th satellite network resource provider
  • d j represents the j-th satellite network resource demander
  • Indicates the resource asking price of the nth satellite network resource provider Indicates the bid of the mth satellite network resource demander
  • n indicates the number of satellite network resource providers
  • m indicates the total number of satellite network resource demanders.
  • the Leader will match which buyer the resource will be allocated to according to their reputation value. If the reputation value R satisfies then the resource will be assigned to j; and vice versa.
  • a distributed smart contract operated and verified by all relevant parties is realized. Enables multiple traders on both sides of the demand to trade their resources.
  • the dual-lease smart contract mechanism not only eliminates the possibility of being manipulated by an intermediate host entity, but also decouples the final transaction price from the original lessor/lessor to ensure that no trader can formulate any strategy in terms of price to manipulate the result of the transaction. At the same time, it can also achieve economic characteristics such as optimal allocation, incentive compatibility, individual rationality, weak budget balance, and optimal allocation efficiency.
  • the blockchain-based auction process is as follows:
  • S221 Firstly, according to the reputation value, select a leader from the participants whose reputation is greater than the average value. Participants send bids to the leader through private information sets, and the leader returns a time-stamped record certificate signed by it to the participants. When the specified time T is reached, the leader will submit a transaction proposal based on the statistical information.
  • a leader is chosen according to the leader selection algorithm. Decay is an important feature of reputation schemes, so we adopt a sliding window w to calculate the cumulative reputation score R w .
  • validators use a random generator RNG from a random seed to generate random numbers. This seed can be generated using a secure distributed bias-resistant random generation protocol.
  • participants with a reputation score above the median have a chance to be elected as a leader. Then each participant will calculate O j , and finally choose the participant with the smallest value as the leader.
  • the leader selection algorithm is:
  • rm the median of the subset of R w ;
  • the transaction proposal is initiated by the leader.
  • the proposal includes a lessor and lessor bid table and reputation value table, resource ID, the number of available/required resources proposed by each participant and their corresponding performance indicators, as well as the results of the dual lease mechanism and the number of transactions for operating satellite network resources within the participants.
  • the transaction proposal will be broadcast to the peers of each blockchain member, and the peers are the basic components of any Fabric network.
  • Peers store the blockchain ledger and verify transactions before committing them to the ledger.
  • Peers run smart contracts that contain business logic for managing assets on the blockchain ledger.
  • the node When the node receives the proposal, it will start to simulate the execution of the proposed transaction and generate a read-write set.
  • the endorsement process is started by executing the chain code, which is the realization of the resource leasing mechanism. If the result of the resource allocation produced by the execution of the smart contract by the nodes matches the proposed result, they endorse the transaction by returning a signed transaction.
  • the endorsement strategy is given in the problem definition module.
  • the participating nodes execute the chain code and start the endorsement, they will check the bid list. If the Leader is found to be cheating, the victim can send a warning to all other participants. All honest validators increase the victim's reputation score and pass this information on to the leader. If the malicious leader refuses to add the victim's reputation score, the reputation value tables of the malicious leader and honest participants will be different.
  • S224 The transaction is sent to the Order node for sorting, where a consensus is reached, and finally a block is created and submitted to the ledger.
  • this distributed process replaces the traditional centralized resource leasing approach, in which a single institution cannot control the entire behavior of the federation. Coupled with the existence of reputation value and incentive mechanism, there is a small probability that the bid/ask price list will be incomplete.
  • the reputation score r i of participant i is calculated as follows:
  • the present invention introduces Z(k) (the value of transaction k) to prevent situations where participants are honest about low-value transactions but dishonest about high-value transactions.
  • a scaling factor S(k) is used to reward or punish different behaviors. Reputation scores of ⁇ -1, 0, 1 ⁇ are simply provided for correct, unknown and incorrect decisions. However, even if the players are dishonest from time to time, it can still make a lot of money. Therefore, our system sets different scaling factors for different behaviors.
  • the hyperledger used in the present invention has no built-in tokens
  • the concept of transaction fees is added to the system of the present invention, and fees will be collected from the owners participating in the transaction.
  • Half of the transaction fee is distributed to the leader, and the rest is distributed to other participants based on the reputation scores they have earned in the current epoch.
  • it will also be distributed according to the reputation value. Therefore, even a newly joined node can get a reputation score and earn a stable income under our plan, as long as it is honest and works hard. Malicious nodes may occasionally deceive the system by being dishonest.

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Abstract

一种基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,属于移动通信领域。该方法包括:S1:构建卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统;S2:构建基于区块链的卫星网络资源租赁机制,具体包括:S21:构建卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制;S22:构建基于区块链的资源租赁机制;S23:获取参与者的信誉值:先计算参与者的声誉分数,然后结合交易费用来保证参与者的诚实度,最后使用滑动窗口来确保选择的领导者是持续贡献的诚实参与者。该方法将声誉与基于区块链的租赁机制相结合,防止中间实体操纵交易结果,并提高系统的交易吞吐量,减少交易延迟。

Description

基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法 技术领域
本发明属于移动通信领域,涉及一种基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法。
背景技术
随着SDN/NFV技术在卫星网络架构里的应用,新商业模式的出现促进着卫星运营商以灵活的方式与各种租户共享卫星网络容量。在这样一个多参与者的非完全信任环境下,如何在满足经济效益的同时实现安全可靠的交易,是一个至关重要的问题。
现有文献中已经提出了几种方案来实现网络资源的多参与者编排和管理。通信行业的典型业务流程包括旨在使用定价和分配机制解决资源管理问题的经济模型(例如拍卖)。这些机制的主要目标,包括切片(资源)代理是将可用资源有效地分配给具有最关键需求的各方,同时确保该计划的防篡改能力。方案一:5G网络切片经纪:基于区块链的分布式市场。Kibalya等人提出了一种代理系统,该系统考虑到延迟和地理位置等约束,使用强化学习算法将资源请求分派给不同的网络运营商。方案二:用于在5G网络中进行高效资源配置的基于分布式区块链的代理。有作者在文献“用于在5G网络中进行高效资源配置的基于分布式区块链的代理”中提出了使用具有交易成本的迭代双重拍卖的流级切片代理。在他们基于软件定义网络(SDN)的架构中,SDN控制器充当经纪人并安排双面拍卖。通过模拟,证明了他们提出的迭代拍卖算法的有效性和最终收敛性。在文献“在我们信任的经纪人中:NFV市场中资源分配的双重拍卖方法”中提出了一种双重拍卖算法来解决服务功能链路由和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)价格调整的问题。NFV经纪人充当中央拍卖人,从客户/供应商那里接收出价和要价,并决定资源的分配和定价。
然而,这些方法存在两个主要缺点。首先,方案一的方法中,由于它们是中心化的,运营商和/或租户数量的增加可能会导致经纪人不堪重负。这将降低整个生态系统的性能。其次,方案二的方法中,共同假设是存在一个公正的中央权威,可以信任该权威来进行市场操作和执行业务流程,而不会为了自己或另一方的利益而操纵结果。
为了解决上述问题,本发明将区块链技术结合智能合约来为传统的集中式切片经纪方法提供分布式替代方案。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,将声誉与基于区块链的租赁机制相结合,防止中间实体操纵交易结果,并提高系统的交易吞吐量,减少交易延迟。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,在该方法中存在两个角色,资源拥有者和资源需求者,它们共同组成了一个联盟,本发明中,把资源看成在联盟上流通的商品,且使用区块链技术实现了在非完全信任环境下,满足经济效益的同时保障交易的安全可靠,同时还实现防篡改的记录保存系统。该方法具体包括以下步骤:
S1:构建卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统;
S2:构建基于区块链的卫星网络资源租赁机制;
S21:构建卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制,具体包括以下步骤:
S22:构建基于区块链的资源租赁机制;
S23:获取参与者的信誉值:先计算参与者的声誉分数,然后结合交易费用来保证参与者的诚实度,最后使用滑动窗口来确保选择的领导者是持续贡献的诚实参与者。
进一步,步骤S1中,构建的卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统,具体包括:卫星网络运营商和租户从受信任的第三方获取身份证明即公钥证书;成员服务提供者(MSP)就是Fabric中的受信机构;同时,参与者以数字方式签署入驻合同即智能合约,其中规定了合作伙伴的权利和义务以及在侵权情况下可以适用的制裁;资源需求者有权发出自己的资源需求,卫星网络资源拥有者有权发出自己能提供的资源列表,两者都有竞争领导者发出提案的权力;如果双方需求匹配成功,合作伙伴有义务按照约定的服务等级协议SLA要求履行服务;
使用Fabric部署一系列的智能合约即链码;在将链码部署到通道之前,通道的成员就建立链码治理的链码定义达成一致(多个组织就链码在用于创建交易之前的操作方式达成一致);当所需的组织数量满足时,链码定义能提交到通道,链码就能使用了;在该系统中,所采用的背书策略为N-out-of-N,即所有的结点都必须背书。
进一步,步骤S21中,构建卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制,具体包括以下步骤:
S211:定义卫星网络资源提供方和资源需求方对虚拟网络功能资源的关键因素,包括资源类型和性能指标;
S212:根据资源ID进行分组,对每组的所有参与者的出价与要价值进行排序;
S213:对于每一个组,要求在满足瓦尔拉斯均衡和资源需求方对资源关键因素的要求下,找到最大可行交易数量的点C,以及交易数和性能指标的约束条件;
S214:使用最强的非交易卖家和最强的非交易买家的价格来确定交易者付款值β,从而得出交易价格;
S215:在确认交易成功的买家与卖家名单时,领导者根据他们的信誉值来匹配将资源分配给哪一个买家。
进一步,步骤S211具体包括:对于虚拟网络功能的不同类型赋予资源ID进行标识:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000001
对于资源需求方的预期性能指标,使用
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000002
来表示:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000003
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000004
表示第j个资源需求方要求的资源预期性能
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000006
分别表示第j个资源需求方对虚拟网络功能资源的比特率、丢包率、传输延迟的要求;id u表示在一次交易中参与者对某种虚拟网络功能的标识,例如:同时交易网关功能与路由器功能等,可以使用id 1、id 2来分别标识,分开租赁。u表示虚拟网络功能类型总数,m表示卫星网络资源需求方总数。
进一步,步骤S212具体包括:对于卫星网络资源提供者L:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000007
对于资源需求方D:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000008
其中,L表示卫星网络资源提供者,D表示资源需求方,l i表示第i个卫星网络资源提供者,d j表示第j个卫星网络资源需求者,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000009
表示第n个卫星网络资源提供方对资源的要价,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000010
表示第m个卫星网络资源需求方的出价;n表示卫星网络资源提供方的数量,m表示卫星网络资源需求方总数。等式(3)显示了按要价升序排列的资源提供方,等式(4)显示了根据资源出价降序排列的资源需求方。
进一步,步骤S213具体包括:对于每一个组,都要求在满足瓦尔拉斯均衡和资源需求方对资源关键因素的要求下,找到最大可行交易数量的点C,其中有S个要价和K个出价,在这个点的两边价格满足:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000011
且交易数和性能指标分别满足等式(6)和(7):
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000013
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000014
分别表示卫星网络资源提供方所提供的每个虚拟网络功能资源的最小比特率、丢包率和传输延迟,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000015
表示第i个卫星网络资源提供方成功交易的资源的个数,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000016
表示第j个资源需求方成功交易的资源个数,由此可以知道此时的总交易量。“瓦尔拉斯均衡”定义了另一个重要因素,即“瓦尔拉斯价格”,如果进行交易,它会为供需双方带来正收益,并平衡预算,即图中的Θ U;同时,在我们的约束下也满足了资源需求方对预期性能的指标要求。
进一步,步骤S214中,交易者付款值β的表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000017
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000018
表示最强的非交易卖家价格,即,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000019
表示最强的非交易买家的价格;
①如果β属于
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000020
那么交易数为
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000021
且成交价格P L=P D=β,其中,P L、P D分别表示卫星网络资源提供者与资源需求者最后的交易价格。
②如果β不属于
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000022
那么交易数为
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000023
且成交价格
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000025
进一步,步骤S215具体包括:在确认交易成功的买家与卖家名单时,可能会存在多个出价一致且满足交易价格的买方,即
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000026
这时Leader将根据他们的信誉值来进行匹配将资源分配给哪一个买家,如果信誉值R满足
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000027
那么资源将分配给j;反之亦然。
进一步,步骤S22中,构建基于区块链的资源租赁机制,具体包括:
S221:根据信誉值,从大于信誉平均值的参与者里挑选出一个领导者;
S222:领导者发起交易提案,包含一个出租者与租赁者的出价表和信誉值表、资源ID、每个参与者提出的可用/需求资源数量及其对应的性能指标以及在参与者内部运行卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制的结果和交易数量;
S223:交易提案会广播到每个区块链成员的对等点,对等点是任何Fabric网络的基本组件;对等点存储区块链分类帐并在将交易提交到分类帐之前验证交易;对等点运行包含用于管理区块链分类账上资产的业务逻辑的智能合约;
S224:交易被发送到Order结点进行排序,在那里达成共识,最后创建一个块并提交到 分类帐。
进一步,步骤S221中,首先采用领导者算法选择一个领导者,其中采用滑动窗口来计算累积声誉分数。
进一步,步骤S23中,参与者i的声誉分数r i的计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000028
其中,l是前一个区块之后生成的事务数,Z(k)是交易k的价值,S(k)是缩放因子。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明将声誉与基于区块链的租赁机制相结合,提高了系统的交易吞吐量,减少了交易延迟,增强了安全性并提供所需的激励机制。具体包括以下有益效果:
1)本发明将区块链引入卫星网络资源租赁的过程,提出了一种基于区块链的多租户分布式卫星网络资源交易的架构,以此实现分布式的租赁机制,防止中间实体操纵交易结果。
2)本发明采用了双重拍卖机制的变体作为智能合约;并引入了基于声誉值的提案发出者选择方案以及在最后根据声誉值确定交易成功的买家与卖家名单。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作优选的详细描述,其中:
图1为卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统示意图;
图2为多租户分布式卫星网络资源交易架构图;
图3为本发明采用的双重租赁机制的价格变化示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是,以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想,在不冲突的情况下,以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1~图3,本发明提供了一种基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,在该方法中存在两个角色,资源拥有者和资源需求者,它们共同组成了一个联盟,本发明中,把资源看成在联盟上流通的商品,且使用区块链技术实现了在非完全信任环境下,满足经济效益的同时保障交易的安全可靠,同时还实现防篡改的记录保存系统。该方法具体包括以下步骤:
S1:构建卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统。
如图1所示,图1说明了卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统。要加入该系统,卫星网络运营商和租户需要从受信任的第三方获取身份证明(公钥证书)。成员服务提供者(MSP)就是Fabric中的受信机构。同时,参与者需以数字方式签署入驻合同(即智能合约),其中规定了合作伙伴的权利和义务以及在侵权情况下可以适用的制裁。资源需求者有权发出自己的资源需求,卫星网络资源拥有者有权发出自己可提供的资源列表,两者都有竞争领导者发出提案的权力。如果双方需求匹配成功,合作伙伴有义务按照约定的SLA要求履行服务。
使用Fabric,我们可以部署一系列的智能合约(即链码)。在将链码部署到通道之前,通道的成员可以就建立链码治理的链码定义达成一致(多个组织就链码在用于创建交易之前的操作方式达成一致)。当所需的组织数量满足时,链码定义可以提交到通道,链码就可以使用了。在我们的联盟下,所采用的背书策略为N-out-of-N,即所有的结点都必须背书。
整个联盟里基于区块链的多租户分布式资源交易的架构如图2所示,资源拥有者具体流程详见步骤S2。
S2:构建基于区块链的卫星网络资源租赁机制,具体包括以下步骤:
S21:构建卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制。
卫星网络上的各种资源可以通过虚拟化技术生成端到端的全虚拟卫星网络或者某个组合/单一的虚拟网络功能,同时还可包括基础设施。如何在多参与者的非完全信任的环境下,将这些资源在满足经济效益的同时在参与方之间实现安全可靠的交易。考虑到本发明的交易过程是一个多提供方多需求方的双边贸易过程,本发明在基于区块链的分布式市场的基础上考虑了资源需求方对资源预期性能指标的要求,也对不同资源进行了分类标识以方便同时进行多种资源的租赁过程,同时还引入了信誉值在资源不足/充足的情况下,以此来确定谁能买回/卖出VNF等资源。
本发明为每个虚拟网络功能资源类型都定义了最低性能指标
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000029
并由资源联盟里的成员协商决定其大小。我们知道,卫星网络资源提供方在提出虚拟网络功能个数及价格时并未真正的去划分好资源。根据Q min,卫星网络资源提供方在每次交易时,可以 提出他能提供的性能指标为Q min的虚拟网络功能的数量。虚拟/地面网络运营商则根据自己对虚拟网络功能的性能要求去计算其需要多少个性能指标为Q min的虚拟网络功能。在交易过程中我们尽最大努力让资源需求方经过租赁机制从同一个卫星网络资源提供者得到资源,这样资源需求方便能要求卫星网络资源提供者将资源合并提供。本发明采用的租赁机制是对同质资源进行交易的机制,具体执行步骤如下:
S211:把卫星网络资源提供方和资源需求方对虚拟网络功能资源的关键因素(资源类型、性能指标)的要求进行了如下定义:
对于虚拟网络功能的不同类型赋予资源ID进行标识:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000030
对于资源需求方的预期性能指标,使用
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000031
来表示:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000032
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000033
表示第j个资源需求方要求的资源预期性能,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000035
分别表示第j个资源需求方对虚拟网络功能资源的比特率、丢包率、传输延迟的要求;id u表示在一次交易中参与者对某种虚拟网络功能的标识,例如:同时交易网关功能与路由器功能等,可以使用id 1、id 2来分别标识,分开租赁。u表示虚拟网络功能类型总数,m表示卫星网络资源需求方总数。
S212:根据资源ID进行分组,对每组的所有参与者的出价与要价值进行排序:
对于卫星网络资源提供者L:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000036
对于资源需求方D:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000037
其中,L表示卫星网络资源提供者,D表示资源需求方,l i表示第i个卫星网络资源提供者,d j表示第j个卫星网络资源需求者,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000038
表示第n个卫星网络资源提供方对资源的要价,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000039
表示第m个卫星网络资源需求方的出价;n表示卫星网络资源提供方的数量,m表示卫星网络资源需求方总数。
S213:对于每一个组,都要求在满足瓦尔拉斯均衡和资源需求方对资源关键因素的要求下,找到最大可行交易数量的点C,其中有S个要价和K个出价,在这个点的两边价格满足:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000040
且交易数和性能指标分别满足等式(6)和(7):
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000042
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000043
分别表示卫星网络资源提供方所提供的每个虚拟网络功能资源的最小比特率、丢包率和传输延迟,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000044
表示第i个卫星网络资源提供方成功交易的资源的个数,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000045
表示第j个资源需求方成功交易的资源个数,由此可以知道此时的总交易量。“瓦尔拉斯均衡”定义了另一个重要因素,即“瓦尔拉斯价格”,如果进行交易,它会为供需双方带来正收益,并平衡预算,即图3中的Θ U;同时,在我们的约束下也满足了资源需求方对预期性能的指标要求。
S214:求取β的值,为了在不失去经济特性的情况下尝试最小化减少的交易数量,本发明参照论文“5G网络切片经纪:基于区块链的分布式市场”使用的技术,该技术使用L S+1(最强的非交易卖家)和D K+1(最强的非交易买家)的值来确定交易者付款值β,由此:
交易者付款值β的表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000046
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000047
表示最强的非交易卖家价格,即,
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000048
表示最强的非交易买家的价格。由于
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000050
以及通常没有交易参与者在价格确定中发挥作用,即不需要消除任何交易者,包括L S和D K,因此减少的交易数量为零。
由此得出交易的价格:
①如果β属于
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000051
那么交易数为
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000052
且成交价格P L=P D=β,其中,P L、P D分别表示卫星网络资源提供者与资源需求者最后的交易价格。。
②如果β不属于
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000053
那么交易数为
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000054
且成交价格
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000055
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000056
S215:在确认交易成功的买家与卖家名单时,可能会存在多个出价一致且满足交易价格的买方,即:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000057
这时Leader将根据他们的信誉值来进行匹配将资源分配给哪一个买家,如果信誉值R满足
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000058
那么资源将分配给j;反之亦然。
S22:构建基于区块链的资源租赁机制。
基于HyperLedger Fabric平台,根据步骤S21构建的机制,实现一个分布式的由所有相关方操作和验证的智能合约。使需求双方的多个交易者能够交易他们的资源。双重租赁智能合 约机制不仅消除了受中间的主持实体操纵的可能性还能让最终的成交价格和最原始的出租者/租赁者脱钩以此来确保任何交易者都不能在价格方面制定任何策略来操作交易的结果。同时还可以实现最优分配、激励兼容性、个人理性、弱预算平衡等经济特性和最佳配置效率。基于区块链的竞拍流程如下:
S221:首先根据信誉值,从大于信誉平均值的参与者里挑选出一个领导者。参与者通过私密信息集的方式把出价发送给领导者,领导者会返回一个由它签名的带时间戳的记录凭证给参与者。当到达规定的时间T后领导者会根据统计到的信息提交一个交易提案。
根据领导者选择算法选择一个领导者。衰减是声誉方案的一个重要特征,因此我们采用滑动窗口w来计算累积声誉分数R w。具体来说,验证器使用来自随机种子的随机生成器RNG来生成随机数。这种种子可以采用安全分布式抗偏差随机生成协议生成。首先,声誉得分高于中位数的参与者有机会被选为领导者。然后每个参与者都将计算O j,最后选择值最小的参与者作为领导者。
领导者选择算法为:
输入:随机种子Seed e和过去W个特定时间段T内的累积声誉分数:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000059
输出:
有K个参与者P={P 1,P 2,....,P k};
将随机生成器RNG的种子设置为Seed e
rm=R w子集的中位数;
对于每个参与者P j∈P;
如果
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000060
那么
从RNG生成一个随机浮点数0≤y≤1;
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000061
否则
o j=+∝;
Leader=P i,其中o i=min(o 1,o 2,…,o m)。
S222:交易提案由领导者发起,提案包含了一个出租者与租赁者的出价表和信誉值表、资源ID、每个参与者提出的可用/需求资源数量及其对应的性能指标以及在参与者内部运行卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制的结果和交易数量。
S223:交易提案会广播到每个区块链成员的对等点,对等点是任何Fabric网络的基本组 件。对等点存储区块链分类帐并在将交易提交到分类帐之前验证交易。对等点运行包含用于管理区块链分类账上资产的业务逻辑的智能合约。
当结点收到提案后,会开始模拟执行提议的交易,并生成读写集。在这个过程中通过执行链码开始背书过程,链码是资源租赁机制的实现。如果结点执行智能合约产生的资源分配结果与提议的结果相匹配,则他们通过返回已签名的交易来为交易背书。背书策略在问题定义模块已给出。参与结点执行链码开始背书的同时会检查出价表,如果发现Leader有作假行为,受害者可以向所有其他参与者发送警告。所有诚实的验证者都会增加受害者的声誉分数并将这些信息传递给领导者。如果恶意领导者拒绝添加受害者的声誉分数,则恶意领导者和诚实参与者的信誉值表将不同。
S224:交易被发送到Order结点进行排序,在那里达成共识,最后创建一个块并提交到分类帐。
由此,这种分布式流程取代了传统的集中式资源租赁方法,在这种方法中,单一机构无法控制联盟的整个行为。再加上有信誉值与激励机制的存在,很小概率会发生买价/卖价表不完整的情况。
S23:获取参与者的信誉值。
在一次提案共识结束时,所有参与者成员可以根据warn消息和已确认的交易区块单独统一计算声誉分数。参与者i的声誉分数r i计算如下:
Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-000062
其中,l是前一个区块之后生成的事务数。本发明引入了Z(k)(交易k的价值)来防止参与者对低价值交易诚实但对高价值交易不诚实的情况。缩放因子S(k)用于奖励或惩罚不同的行为。简单地为正确的、未知的和不正确的决策提供了{-1,0,1}的声誉分数。但是,即使参与者不时不诚实,它仍然可以获得大量利润。因此,我们的系统为不同的行为设置了不同的缩放因子。
考虑到本发明使用的超级账本无内置代币,为了激励和补偿诚实者,在本发明的系统中增添了交易费用的概念,会从参与交易的所有者那里收取费用。交易费用的一半分配给领导者,其余的根据他们在当前时期获得的声誉分数分配给其他参与者。同时如果上一个时段T内存在盈余,也会根据信誉值来进行分配。因此,即使是新加入的节点也可以在我们的计划下获得声誉分数并获得稳定的收入,只要它诚实并努力工作。恶意节点可能会偶尔通过不诚实来欺骗系统。然而,一方面,这样的节点获得的声誉分数比诚实的大多数少,因此它几乎 没有机会成为领导者并威胁到系统。另一方面,它在此过程中获得的奖励也比其他人少得多,即偶尔作弊并不是为自己谋利的好策略。因此,相信有理性的节点不会采取不诚实的做法。此外,使用适当的滑动窗口w来确保选择的领导者是持续贡献的诚实节点。同时,w不应太大以防止垄断。作为领导者的可观利润将鼓励参与者诚实的交易。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,该方法具体包括以下步骤:
    S1:构建卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统;
    S2:构建基于区块链的卫星网络资源租赁机制,具体包括以下步骤:
    S21:构建卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制;
    S22:构建基于区块链的资源租赁机制;
    S23:获取参与者的信誉值:先计算参与者的声誉分数,然后结合交易费用来保证参与者的诚实度,最后使用滑动窗口来确保选择的领导者是持续贡献的诚实参与者。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,构建的卫星网络资源租赁的多租户商业生态系统,具体包括:卫星网络运营商和租户从受信任的第三方获取身份证明即公钥证书;成员服务提供者MSP就是Fabric中的受信机构;同时,参与者以数字方式签署入驻合同即智能合约,其中规定了合作伙伴的权利和义务以及在侵权情况下可以适用的制裁;资源需求者有权发出自己的资源需求,卫星网络资源拥有者有权发出自己能提供的资源列表,两者都有竞争领导者发出提案的权力;如果双方需求匹配成功,合作伙伴有义务按照约定的服务等级协议SLA要求履行服务;
    使用Fabric部署一系列的智能合约即链码;在将链码部署到通道之前,通道的成员就建立链码治理的链码定义达成一致;当所需的组织数量满足时,链码定义能提交到通道,链码就能使用了;在该系统中,所采用的背书策略为N-out-of-N,即所有的结点都必须背书。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S21中,构建卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制,具体包括以下步骤:
    S211:定义卫星网络资源提供方和资源需求方对虚拟网络功能资源的关键因素,包括资源类型和性能指标;
    S212:根据资源ID进行分组,对每组的所有参与者的出价与要价值进行排序;
    S213:对于每一个组,要求在满足瓦尔拉斯均衡和资源需求方对资源关键因素的要求下,找到最大可行交易数量的点C,以及交易数和性能指标的约束条件;
    S214:使用最强的非交易卖家和最强的非交易买家的价格来确定交易者付款值β,从而得出交易价格;
    S215:在确认交易成功的买家与卖家名单时,领导者根据他们的信誉值来匹配将资源分配给哪一个买家。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征 在于,步骤S211具体包括:对于虚拟网络功能的不同类型赋予资源ID进行标识:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100001
    对于资源需求方的预期性能指标,使用
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100002
    来表示:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100003
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100004
    表示第j个资源需求方要求的资源预期性能,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100006
    分别表示第j个资源需求方对虚拟网络功能资源的比特率、丢包率、传输延迟的要求;id u表示在一次交易中参与者对某种虚拟网络功能的标识,u表示虚拟网络功能类型总数,m表示卫星网络资源需求方总数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S212具体包括:对于卫星网络资源提供者L:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100007
    对于资源需求方D:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100008
    其中,L表示卫星网络资源提供者,D表示资源需求方,l i表示第i个卫星网络资源提供者,d j表示第j个卫星网络资源需求者,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100009
    表示第n个卫星网络资源提供方对资源的要价,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100010
    表示第m个卫星网络资源需求方的出价;n表示卫星网络资源提供方的数量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S213具体包括:对于每一个组,要求在满足瓦尔拉斯均衡和资源需求方对资源关键因素的要求下,找到最大可行交易数量的点C,其中有S个要价和K个出价,在这个点的两边价格满足:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100011
    且交易数和性能指标分别满足等式(6)和(7):
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100013
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100014
    分别表示卫星网络资源提供方所提供的每个虚拟网络功能资源的最小比特率、丢包率和传输延迟,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100015
    表示第i个卫星网络资源提供方成功交易的资源的个数,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100016
    表示第j个资源需求方成功交易的资源个数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S214中,交易者付款值β的表达式为:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100017
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100018
    表示最强的非交易卖家价格,即,
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100019
    表示最强的非交易买家的价格;
    ①如果β属于
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100020
    那么交易数为
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100021
    且成交价格P L=P D=β,其中,P L、P D分别表示卫星网络资源提供者与资源需求者最后的交易价格;
    ②如果β不属于
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100022
    那么交易数为
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100023
    且成交价格
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100024
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100025
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S22中,构建基于区块链的资源租赁机制,具体包括:
    S221:根据信誉值,从大于信誉平均值的参与者里挑选出一个领导者;
    S222:领导者发起交易提案,包含一个出租者与租赁者的出价表和信誉值表、资源ID、每个参与者提出的可用/需求资源数量及其对应的性能指标以及在参与者内部运行卫星网络资源的双重租赁机制的结果和交易数量;
    S223:交易提案会广播到每个区块链成员的对等点,对等点是任何Fabric网络的基本组件;对等点存储区块链分类帐并在将交易提交到分类帐之前验证交易;
    S224:交易被发送到Order结点进行排序,在那里达成共识,最后创建一个块并提交到分类帐。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S221中,首先采用领导者算法选择一个领导者,其中采用滑动窗口来计算累积声誉分数。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的多租户分布式租赁卫星网络资源的方法,其特征在于,步骤S23中,参与者i的声誉分数r i的计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2022140615-appb-100026
    其中,l是前一个区块之后生成的事务数,Z(k)是交易k的价值,S(k)是缩放因子。
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