WO2023134254A1 - 一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法 - Google Patents

一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法 Download PDF

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WO2023134254A1
WO2023134254A1 PCT/CN2022/127022 CN2022127022W WO2023134254A1 WO 2023134254 A1 WO2023134254 A1 WO 2023134254A1 CN 2022127022 W CN2022127022 W CN 2022127022W WO 2023134254 A1 WO2023134254 A1 WO 2023134254A1
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equipment
energy
cost
formula
power
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PCT/CN2022/127022
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French (fr)
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罗恩博
陆海
杨天国
张�浩
唐立军
王达达
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云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06Energy or water supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy interconnection systems, and in particular to a device type selection method for energy interconnection systems.
  • Energy is needed everywhere on the earth, and energy provides convenience to our life in various forms, such as natural gas, thermal energy, electric energy, etc., which are indispensable to human society.
  • various forms of energy needed in life are supplied through the energy supply system.
  • the traditional energy supply system focuses on the supply of electricity.
  • the load side also involves the demand for various non-electric energy sources such as cold, heat, and gas.
  • the power distribution system, natural gas system, and cold/heat supply system are planned and operated independently, which can easily cause repeated investment and waste of resources. Therefore, comprehensive energy system planning is adopted.
  • comprehensive energy system planning is adopted.
  • there is a lack of effective attention to the reliability of energy supply resulting in a lack of strong guarantees for the investment cost, operating economy, and energy supply reliability of the energy supply system.
  • This application provides an equipment selection method for an energy interconnection system to solve the problems of lack of guarantee of investment cost, operating economy and energy supply reliability of the energy supply system.
  • This application provides an equipment selection method for an energy interconnection system, which is applied to an integrated energy system, and the integrated energy system includes equipment to be planned; the upper-level constraint conditions are established according to the multi-energy load balance and equipment selection of the integrated energy system; Put the equipment to be planned in the integrated energy system that satisfies the upper-level constraints into the first set; establish an upper-level planning model with the goal of minimizing the total cost of equipment investment in the first set; set the first The equipment to be planned that satisfies the upper-level planning model in the set is put into the first target set; the lower-level constraint conditions are established according to the constraint relationship of the operation of each equipment in the integrated energy system; the lower-level constraint conditions in the integrated energy system are satisfied The equipment to be planned is put into the second set; in the second set, the total income is maximized according to the sales income, energy storage income, new energy power generation subsidy income, carbon emission cost and reliability cost of the equipment operation. Establishing a lower-level planning model for the target; putting the equipment to be
  • the multi-energy supply of the planned equipment needs to keep the supply exceeding the demand; therefore, the multi-energy load demand of the integrated energy system satisfies the following formula:
  • establishing the upper-level planning model includes: obtaining the investment cost of each equipment from the equipment to be planned; calculating the total investment cost of the equipment, and the total investment cost is the sum of the investment costs of the various equipment; establishing the lowest total investment cost of the equipment
  • the objective function of the objective function; the objective function of the lowest total cost of equipment investment is:
  • I i is the investment cost of each equipment in the comprehensive energy system.
  • the objective function of the upper planning model is to minimize the total cost of equipment.
  • the obtaining the investment cost of each device includes: calculating the investment cost of each device as a function of the investment cost, and the function of the investment cost is:
  • dr is the equipment discount rate
  • T is the service life of the equipment
  • dr is related to T and the type of equipment
  • the k value of different equipment has a corresponding subscript
  • ⁇ s represents the set of investable equipment, Indicates the cost of the i-th equipment selected for type ⁇ , Indicates the planning variable of the i-th device selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 means that the device will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 means that the device will be invested.
  • establishing the lower-level constraints includes: establishing a power balance relationship of the integrated energy system, that is, the inflow power of each node in the system is equal to the outflow power.
  • the power balance relationship is:
  • k is the network node serial number
  • NK is the number of network nodes contained in the multi-energy system
  • a k,n is the element of the multi-energy network branch node association matrix
  • B k,n is the multi-energy network equipment group node association matrix element
  • P k, s, t is the power of the kth branch in the s scene during the t period
  • P d, n, s, t is the load of the nth node in the s scene in the t period
  • the reliability constraints of risk evaluation indicators are established according to the definitions of each risk index and the corresponding accident set.
  • the reliability constraints are:
  • X f is the operating mode of the system; E i is the i-th fault; P r (E i ) is the probability of occurrence of the fault E i ; S ev (E i ,X f ) is the i-th fault under the operating mode of X f The severity of the system after a fault; Risk (X f ) is the operating risk index of the system in the X f operating mode; R set is the upper limit value of the operating risk index of the system;
  • Equipment operation needs to meet the minimum allowable continuous operation duration and continuous shutdown duration; establish the minimum start-stop time constraint for standby equipment, and the minimum start-stop time constraint is:
  • T on, i is the allowed minimum continuous operation duration of device i
  • T off, i is the allowed minimum continuous shutdown duration of device i
  • X on, i, s, t-1 is the initial state of the device in the s scenario The time that device i has been running continuously
  • X off,i,s,t-1 is the time when device i has been continuously shut down in the initial state of the device in the scenario s;
  • the energy storage charge and discharge power constraints are:
  • the charging current is the discharge current, for stored energy
  • For charging efficiency is the discharge efficiency; it reflects the energy balance equation of energy storage and energy release. It is also necessary to meet the upper and lower limits of energy storage energy:
  • the lower constraint condition is to simultaneously satisfy the power balance relationship, the reliability constraint, the minimum start-stop time constraint and the energy storage charging and discharging power constraint.
  • establishing the lower-level programming model includes: establishing an objective function for maximizing total revenue; the objective function for maximizing total revenue is:
  • M shouyi is the total income of the lower layer, Indicates the difference between the income brought by the sale of cooling, heating and power products during the operation of the equipment and the operating costs of purchasing natural gas, etc.
  • M ES is the peak-valley difference income brought by the electric energy storage system during the process of participating in the peak-valley electricity price energy storage, To subsidize income from photovoltaic power generation, Subsidize income for new energy power generation, In order to consider the carbon emission cost of the carbon tax, Refak is the reliability fine cost, that is, the fine cost caused by energy outage.
  • the calculation method of the new energy power generation subsidy income is: calculating the new energy power generation subsidy income:
  • represents the subsidy income of new energy power generation per unit of power generation
  • P i and T i are the real-time output of new energy and the continuous power generation time
  • 8760 is the number of hours included in a year.
  • the calculation method of the carbon emission cost is: to calculate the carbon emission cost:
  • F CO2,g is the grid baseline emission factor
  • P web,s,t is the power purchased from the external grid at time t in the scenario of s
  • E CO2 is the CO 2 emission of natural gas combustion
  • F CO2 is the CO 2 emission factor of natural gas based on the lowest calorific value
  • Lower output power is the molar ratio of CO 2 to carbon
  • ⁇ CHP and ⁇ GB are CHP power generation efficiency and gas boiler heating efficiency, respectively.
  • the calculation method of the reliability penalty cost is:
  • ⁇ i is the penalty factor for power outage load, and the subscript i represents the type of energy supply; P i,s is the power outage in scenario s, and t i,s is the duration of power outage in scenario s.
  • This application provides an equipment selection method for an energy interconnection system, which considers the equipment investment cost and equipment operation constraints through the upper-level planning model, and considers the operating income of the integrated energy system planning equipment and the energy supply reliability of the integrated energy system through the lower-level planning model. .
  • the overall planning scheme of the integrated energy system is output. Minimize investment costs while maximizing total returns.
  • the carbon dioxide emission reduction effect is considered in the planning process, which can better achieve the low-carbon goal; and the reliability cost is calculated through the load of the outage and the penalty factor of the unit outage load, so that the planning scheme has a better energy supply reliability.
  • This application provides an equipment selection method for an energy interconnection system, which considers the equipment investment cost and equipment operation constraints through the upper-level planning model, and considers the operating income of the integrated energy system planning equipment and the energy supply reliability of the integrated energy system through the lower-level planning model. .
  • the overall planning scheme of the integrated energy system is output. Minimize investment costs while maximizing total returns.
  • the carbon dioxide emission reduction effect is considered in the planning process, which can better achieve the low-carbon goal; and the reliability cost is calculated through the load of the outage and the penalty factor of the unit outage load, so that the planning scheme has a better energy supply reliability.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a device type selection method for an energy interconnection system.
  • the application provides an equipment selection method for an energy interconnection system.
  • the comprehensive energy system is composed of an electricity system, a natural gas system, and a cooling/heating supply system; the equipment to be planned is an electricity system, a natural gas system, and a cooling/heating supply system.
  • this application provides an equipment selection method for an energy interconnection system, the method is applied to an integrated energy system, and the integrated energy system includes equipment to be planned; see Figure 1, the method includes:
  • the upper-level constraints are: the multi-energy load demand of the integrated energy system should satisfy the following formula:
  • It is the set of alternative capacity selection for the i-type equipment; for collection The number of the selected type; L s,h is the multi-energy load demand of the regional comprehensive energy system at time h in the operation scenario s; C i,j is the multi-energy energy of the j-th capacity selection of the i-th equipment enter; is the conversion matrix for the jth capacity selection of the i-th equipment;
  • the upper-level planning model is established with the goal of minimizing the total cost of equipment investment; the establishment of the upper-level planning model includes:
  • dr is the equipment discount rate
  • T is the service life of the equipment
  • dr is related to T and the type of equipment
  • the k value of different equipment has a corresponding subscript
  • ⁇ s represents the set of investable equipment, Indicates the cost of the i-th equipment selected for type ⁇ , Indicates the planning variable of the i-th device selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 means that the device will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 means that the device will be invested.
  • the optional equipment to be planned in the integrated energy system are:
  • ⁇ CCHP represents the set of investable CCHP units
  • indicates the set of gas-fired boilers that can be invested
  • ⁇ GB indicates the set of gas-fired boilers that can be invested
  • Indicates the planning variable of the jth gas-fired boiler selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 means that the heat pump will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 means that the unit will be invested.
  • represents the set of electric refrigeration and air-conditioning units that can be invested.
  • ⁇ AC represents the set of electric refrigeration and air-conditioning units that can be invested.
  • represents the planning variable of the kth electric refrigeration and air-conditioning unit selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 means that the heat pump will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 means that the unit will be invested.
  • indicates the set of lithium bromide units that can be invested
  • ⁇ LB indicates the set of lithium bromide units that can be invested
  • Indicates the planning variable of the nth lithium bromide unit selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 means that the lithium bromide refrigeration unit will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 means that the unit will be invested.
  • indicates the set of investable electric energy storage
  • ⁇ ES indicates the set of investable electric energy storage
  • the planning variable for the energy storage of the p-th power station selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 means that the energy storage will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 means that the energy storage will be invested.
  • ⁇ WT indicates the set of wind turbines that can be invested
  • ⁇ WT indicates the set of wind turbines that can be invested
  • ⁇ WT indicates the set of wind turbines that can be invested
  • ⁇ PV indicates the set of investable photovoltaic units
  • ⁇ PV indicates the set of investable photovoltaic units
  • indicates the planning variable of the zth photovoltaic unit selected as ⁇ : a value of 0 indicates that the photovoltaic unit will not be invested in the system; a value of 1 indicates that the unit will be invested.
  • I i is the investment cost of each equipment in the comprehensive energy system.
  • the equipment to be planned in the integrated energy system that satisfies the upper-level function into the first target set; then, among the equipment to be planned, establish the lower-level planning model, including: according to the constraints on the operation of each equipment in the integrated energy system, establish the lower-level constraint conditions, establish The underlying constraints include:
  • k is the network node serial number
  • NK is the number of network nodes contained in the multi-energy system
  • a k,n is the element of the multi-energy network branch node association matrix
  • B k,n is the multi-energy network equipment group node association matrix element
  • P k, s, t is the power of the k-th branch in the s-scenario t time period
  • P d, n, s, t is the load of the n-th node in the s-scenario t time period.
  • X f is the operating mode of the system
  • E i is the i-th fault
  • P r (E i ) is the probability of fault E i occurring
  • S ev (E i , X f ) is the operating mode of X f
  • Risk (X f ) is the operating risk index of the system in the X f operating mode.
  • X f is the operating mode of the system
  • E i is the i-th fault
  • P r (E i ) is the probability of fault E i occurring
  • S ev (E i , X f ) is the operating mode of X f
  • Risk (X f ) is the operating risk index of the system in the X f operating mode
  • R set is the upper limit value of the operating risk index of the system.
  • T on, i is the allowed minimum continuous operation duration of device i
  • T off, i is the allowed minimum continuous shutdown duration of device i
  • X on, i, s, t-1 is the initial state of the device in the s scenario The time that device i has been running continuously
  • X off,i,s,t-1 is the time when device i has been continuously shut down in the initial state of the device in the scenario s.
  • the charging current is the discharge current, for stored energy
  • For charging efficiency is the discharge efficiency; it reflects the energy balance equation of energy storage and energy release.
  • the lower constraint condition is to satisfy the power balance relationship, reliability constraint, minimum start-stop time constraint and energy storage charge and discharge power constraint at the same time.
  • the lower-level planning model is established with the goal of maximizing the total revenue; the establishment of the lower-level planning model includes: calculating the subsidy income of new energy power generation, multiplying the power generation subsidy index value of the power generation capacity of the new energy subsidy unit by the capacity:
  • represents the subsidy income of new energy power generation per unit of power generation
  • P i and T i are the real-time output of new energy and the continuous power generation time
  • 8760 is the number of hours included in a year.
  • the CO2 emission of the integrated energy system is calculated as:
  • E CO2 is the CO 2 emission of natural gas combustion
  • F CO2 is the CO 2 emission factor of natural gas based on the lowest calorific value
  • ⁇ CHP and ⁇ GB are CHP power generation efficiency and gas boiler heating efficiency, respectively.
  • F CO2,g is the grid baseline emission factor
  • P web.s,t is the electricity purchased from the external grid at time t in the scenario of s; therefore, the actual CO 2 emissions of the integrated energy system during the planning period are:
  • ⁇ CO2 is the unit carbon emission trading price
  • carbon trading is carbon emission right trading, which means that the government allocates certain emission quotas to various enterprises in order to control carbon emissions, and encourages enterprises to participate in carbon emission quota market transactions means.
  • China uses the clean development mechanism as the trading method of the carbon market.
  • the specific model is as follows: when the actual carbon emissions from the emission source of the enterprise are less than the quota allocated by the government, the enterprise can choose to sell the excess emission quota to the market; when the actual carbon emission exceeds the quota allocated by the government To allocate quotas, enterprises need to buy the missing quotas from the carbon emissions trading market, otherwise they will have to pay high fines.
  • the carbon trading mechanism is essentially a reward and punishment mechanism after carbon emission quantification, which effectively promotes energy conservation and emission reduction of enterprises.
  • a reliability penalty cost is set.
  • the reliability penalty cost is calculated by the amount of outage load and the unit outage load penalty factor; the calculation method of the reliability penalty cost is:
  • ⁇ i is the penalty factor for power outage load, and the subscript i represents the type of energy supply; P i,s is the power outage in scenario s, and t i,s is the duration of power outage in scenario s.
  • the objective function of maximizing total revenue is:
  • M shouyi is the total income of the lower layer, Indicates the difference between the income brought by the sale of cooling, heating and power products during the operation of the equipment and the operating costs of purchasing natural gas, etc.
  • M ES is the peak-valley difference income brought by the electric energy storage system during the process of participating in the peak-valley electricity price energy storage, To subsidize income from photovoltaic power generation, Subsidize income for new energy power generation, In order to consider the carbon emission cost of the carbon tax, Refak is the reliability fine cost, that is, the fine cost caused by energy outage.
  • the equipment to be planned in the integrated energy system that satisfies the objective function of the lower layer into the second target set; output the same model of the equipment to be planned in the first target set and the second target set, and the output equipment model is the equipment selection Overall planning scheme.
  • this application provides a method for equipment selection of an energy interconnection system.
  • the upper-level planning model considers equipment investment costs and equipment operation constraints
  • the lower-level planning model considers the operating income of integrated energy system planning equipment and the comprehensive energy system. Impact on energy supply reliability.
  • the overall planning scheme of the integrated energy system is output. Minimize investment costs while maximizing total returns.
  • the carbon dioxide emission reduction effect is considered in the planning process, which can better achieve the low-carbon goal; and the reliability cost is calculated through the load of the outage and the penalty factor of the unit outage load, so that the planning scheme has a better energy supply reliability.

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Abstract

一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,通过上层规划模型考虑设备的投资成本以及设备的运行约束,通过下层规划模型考虑综合能源系统规划设备的运行收益及综合能源系统的供能可靠性影响和碳排放。通过上层与下层规划模型的联动,输出综合能源系统的整体规划方案。在规划过程中考虑二氧化碳减排效应,能够更好地实现低碳目标。规划过程中考虑了可靠性成本,通过断供的负荷量以及单位断供负荷惩罚因子来计算可靠性成本,设置可靠性成本之后,规划得到的综合能源系统供能方案具备更好的供能可靠性。

Description

一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法 技术领域
本申请涉及能源互联系统技术领域,尤其涉及一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法。
背景技术
地球上处处都需要能源,能源以各种形式为我们的生活提供便利,例如:天然气、热能、电能等,它们都是人类社会不可缺少的。在日常生活中,通过能源供应系统供应生活中所需要的各种形式的能源。
传统的能源供应系统侧重于电力的供应,随着经济的发展与人民生活水平的提高,除了对电力的需求外,负荷侧还涉及冷、热、气等多种非电能源的需求。在传统供能系统中,配用电系统、天然气系统、冷/热供应系统是各自独立规划和运行的,极易造成重复投资和资源浪费,因此采用综合能源系统规划。然而,在综合能源系统规划技术层面存在对能源供应的可靠性缺乏有效关注的问题,导致能源供应系统的投资成本、运行经济性以及供能可靠性等方面缺乏有力的保障。
申请内容
本申请提供了一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,以解决能源供应系统的投资成本、运行经济性以及供能可靠性缺乏保障的问题。
本申请提供一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,应用于综合能源系统,所述综合能源系统包括待规划设备;根据所述综合能源系统的多能负荷平衡和设备选型建立上层约束条件;将所述综合能源系统中满足所述上层约束条件的所述待规划设备放入第一集合;在所述第一集合中以设备投资总成本最低为目标建立上层规划模型;将所述第一集合中满足所述上层规划模型的待规划设备放入第一目标集合;根据所述综合能源系统中各个设备运行的约束关系建立下层约束条件;将所述综合能源系统中满足所述下层约束条件的的待规划设备放入 第二集合;在所述第二集合中根据所述设备运行的销售收益、储能收益、新能源发电补贴收益、碳排放成本以及可靠性成本,以总收益最大化为目标建立下层规划模型;将所述第二集合中满足所述下层规划模型的待规划设备放入第二目标集合;输出所述第一目标集合和第二目标集合中相同的待规划设备的型号。
其中,规划设备的多能供应需保持供大于求;因此,所述综合能源系统的多能负荷需求满足下式:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000003
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000004
为第i类设备的备选容量选型集合;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000005
为集合
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000006
中选型的编号;L s,h是在运行场景s中,时刻h的区域综合能源系统的多能负荷需求;C i,j是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的多能能量输入;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000007
是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的转化矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000008
为i种设备的第j种容量选型的最大多能输入,属于已知参数;x i,j为设备选型0-1变量。
其中,建立上层规划模型包括:从所述待规划设备中获取各个设备投资成本;计算设备投资总成本,所述投资总成本为所述各个设备投资成本之和;建立所述设备投资总成本最低的目标函数;所述设备投资总成本最低的目标函数为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000009
式中,I i为所述综合能源系统中各个设备的投资成本。上层规划模型的目标函数为使得设备总成本最低。
可选的,所述获取各个设备的投资成本包括:以投资成本的函数计算所述各个设备的投资成本,所述投资成本的函数为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000011
式中,dr是设备折现率,T是设备使用年限;dr与T和设备种类有关,不同设备的k值有对应下标;ψ s表示可投资的设备集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000012
表示选型第α的第i台设备的造价,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000013
表示选型为α的第i台设备的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资所述设备;值为1表示投资所述设备。
可选的,建立下层约束条件包括:建立综合能源系统的功率平衡关系,即系统各个节点的流入功率等于流出功率。所述功率平衡关系为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000014
式中,k为网络节点序号;NK为多能系统包含的网络节点数;A k,n为多能网络支路节点关联矩阵元素;B k,n为多能网络设备组节点关联矩阵元素;P k,s,t为t时段s场景第k条支路功率;P d,n,s,t为t时段s场景第n节点的负荷;
参考电力系统事件风险定义方式,结合综合能源系统风险特点,根据各风险指标定义及对应事故集建立风险评价指标的可靠性约束,所述可靠性约束为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000015
X f是系统的运行方式;E i是第i个故障;P r(E i)是故障E i发生的概率;S ev(E i,X f)是在X f的运行方式下发生第i个故障后系统的严重程度;R isk(X f)是系统在X f运行方式下的运行风险指标;R set是系统该运行风险指标的上限值;
设备运行需要满足最小允许连续运行持续时间、连续停机持续时间;建立备用设备最小启停时间约束,所述最小启停时间约束为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000016
式中:T on,i为设备i的允许最小连续运行持续时间;T off,i为设备i的允许 最小连续停机持续时间;X on,i,s,t-1为s场景下设备初始状态设备i已经连续运行的时间;X off,i,s,t-1为s场景下设备初始状态设备i已经连续停机的的时间;
建立储能充放功率约束,所述储能充放功率约束为:
对于电储能方面:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000017
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000018
为充电电流、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000019
为放电电流、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000020
为储存的电能、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000021
为充电效率、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000022
为放电效率;反映了储能存储能量、放出能量的能量平衡方程。还需要满足储能存储能量的上下限:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000023
式中,上标N表示设备选型N,包含储电、储热、储冷;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000024
为对应储能设备的运行决策变量,y=1为运行,y=0为不运行;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000025
分别为对应储能设备的容量上限及下限;
所述下层约束条件为同时满足功率平衡关系、可靠性约束、最小启停时间约束和储能充放功率约束。
其中,建立下层规划模型包括:建立总收益最大化的目标函数;所述总收益最大化的目标函数为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000026
式中:M shouyi为下层总收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000027
表示所述设备在运行过程中销售冷热电产品带来的收益与购买天然气等运行成本之差,M ES为电储能系统在参与峰谷平电价储能过程中带来的峰谷差收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000028
为光伏发电补贴收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000029
为新能源发电补贴收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000030
为考虑碳税的碳排放成本,Re fak为可靠性 罚款成本,即能源停供产生的罚款成本。
可选的,所述新能源发电补贴收益的计算方法为:计算新能源发电补贴收益:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000031
式中:γ表示单位发电量新能源发电补贴收益;P i与T i为新能源的实时出力以及持续发电时间;8760为一年所含小时数。
其中,所述碳排放成本的计算方法为:计算碳排放成本:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000032
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000033
为碳交易初始配额,λ CO2为单位碳排放交易价格;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000034
式中,F CO2,g为电网基准线排放因子;P web,s,t为t时刻s场景下从外部电网购买的电力;
F CO2,g=F C,g*N
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000035
式中,E CO2为天然气燃烧的CO 2排放量;F CO2为天然气基于最低热值的CO 2排放因子;P CHP,s,t、P GB,s,t分别为CHP、锅炉t时s场景下输出功率;N为CO 2与碳的摩尔比;η CHP、η GB分别为CHP发电效率和燃气锅炉发热效率。
其中,所述可靠性罚款成本的计算方法为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000036
式中,θ i为断供负荷的惩罚因子,下标i代表供能类型;·P i,s为场景s下的断供功率,t i,s为场景s下的断供持续时间。
本申请提供一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,通过上层规划模型考虑设备投资成本以及设备运行约束,通过下层规划模型考虑综合能源系统规划设备的运行收益及综合能源系统的供能可靠性影响。通过上层与下层规划模型的联动,输出综合能源系统的整体规划方案。使投资成本最低的同时保证总收益最大。且在规划过程中考虑了二氧化碳减排效应,能够更好的实现低碳目标;并通过断供的负荷量以及单位断供负荷惩罚因子来计算可靠性成本,使规划方案具备更好的供能可靠性。
实施本申请实施例,将具有如下有益效果:
本申请提供一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,通过上层规划模型考虑设备投资成本以及设备运行约束,通过下层规划模型考虑综合能源系统规划设备的运行收益及综合能源系统的供能可靠性影响。通过上层与下层规划模型的联动,输出综合能源系统的整体规划方案。使投资成本最低的同时保证总收益最大。且在规划过程中考虑了二氧化碳减排效应,能够更好的实现低碳目标;并通过断供的负荷量以及单位断供负荷惩罚因子来计算可靠性成本,使规划方案具备更好的供能可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
其中:
图1为一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细地对实施例进行说明,其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时,除非另有表示,不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下 实施例中描述的实施方式并不代表与本申请相一致的所有实施方式。仅是与权利要求书中所详述的、本申请的一些方面相一致的系统和方法的示例。
本申请提供的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,所述综合能源系统由用电系统、天然气系统和冷/热供应系统构成;所述待规划设备为用电系统、天然气系统、冷/热供应系统中需要的设备。
在综合能源系统规划技术方面,规划与运行缺乏有效衔接,导致能源供应系统的投资成本、运行经济性以及供能可靠性等方面缺乏有力的保障。
为了解决上述问题,本申请提供一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,所述方法应用于综合能源系统,所述综合能源系统包括待规划设备;参见图1,所述方法包括:
在待规划设备中,建立上层规划模型:
由于待规划设备的多能供应需要保持供大于求,建立上层约束条件,所述上层约束条件为:综合能源系统的多能负荷需求应满足下式:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000037
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000038
为第i类设备的备选容量选型集合;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000039
为集合
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000040
中选型的编号;L s,h是在运行场景s中,时刻h的区域综合能源系统的多能负荷需求;C i,j是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的多能能量输入;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000041
是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的转化矩阵;
加入设备选型0-1变量后,增加以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000043
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000044
是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的转化矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000045
为i种设备的第j种容量选型的最大多能输入,属于已知参数;x i,j为设备选型0-1变量。
可见,当x i,j=1时,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000046
最大值为
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000047
否则
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000048
下式对于第i种设备只有1种建设方案可被选中,避免了重复建设,属于建设逻辑约束,该式也可根据实际情况拓展。
在满足上层约束条件下,以设备投资总成本最低为目标建立上层规划模型;建立上层规划模型包括:
从待规划设备中获取各个设备投资成本,计算方法为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000050
式中,dr是设备折现率,T是设备使用年限;dr与T和设备种类有关,不同设备的k值有对应下标;ψ s表示可投资的设备集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000051
表示选型第α的第i台设备的造价,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000052
表示选型为α的第i台设备的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资所述设备;值为1表示投资所述设备。
例如:综合能源系统内待规划的可选择设备有:
(1)CCHP机组:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000053
式中ψ CCHP表示可投资的CCHP机组集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000054
表示选型为α的第i台CCHP的容量造价,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000055
表示选型为α的第i台CCHP的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该热泵;值为1表示投资该机组。
(2)燃气锅炉:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000056
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000057
表示选型为β的第j台燃气锅炉的造价,ψ GB表示可投资的燃气锅炉集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000058
表示选型为β的第j台燃气锅炉的规划变量:值为0表示系统 中不会投资该热泵;值为1表示投资该机组。
(3)电制冷空调:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000059
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000060
表示选型为γ的第k台电制冷空调的造价,ψ AC表示可投资的电制冷空调机组集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000061
表示选型为γ的第k台电制冷空调的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该热泵;值为1表示投资该机组。
(4)热泵:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000062
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000063
表示选型为ε的第m台热泵的造价,ψ HP表示可投资的热泵机组集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000064
表示选型为ε的第m台热泵的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该热泵;值为1表示投资该机组。
(5)溴化锂吸收式制冷机组:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000065
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000066
表示选型为ζ的第n台溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的造价,ψ LB表示可投资的溴化锂机组集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000067
表示选型为ζ的第n台溴化锂的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该溴化锂制冷机组;值为1表示投资该机组。
(6)电储能:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000068
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000069
表示选型为λ的第p台电储能的造价,ψ ES表示可投资的电储能集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000070
表示选型为λ的第p台电储能的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该储能;值为1表示投资该储能。
(7)风机:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000071
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000072
表示选型为ξ的第w台风力发电机的造价,ψ WT表示可投资的风机机组集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000073
表示选型为ξ的第w台风机的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该风机机组;值为1表示投资该机组。
(8)光伏:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000074
式中
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000075
表示选型为ρ的第z台太阳能光伏的造价,ψ PV表示可投资的光伏机组集合,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000076
表示选型为ρ的第z台光伏的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资该光伏;值为1表示投资该机组。
计算各个设备投资成本之和,即设备投资总成本;建立设备总成本最低的目标函数:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000077
式中,I i为所述综合能源系统中各个设备的投资成本。
将综合能源系统中满足上层函数的待规划设备放入第一目标集合;然后在待规划设备中,建立下层规划模型,包括:根据综合能源系统中各个设备运行的约束,建立下层约束条件,建立下层约束条件包括:
由于系统各个节点的流入功率需等于流出功率,建立功率平衡关系:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000078
式中,k为网络节点序号;NK为多能系统包含的网络节点数;A k,n为多能网络支路节点关联矩阵元素;B k,n为多能网络设备组节点关联矩阵元素;P k,s,t为t时段s场景第k条支路功率;P d,n,s,t为t时段s场景第n节点的负荷。
参考电力系统事件风险定义方式,结合综合能源系统的风险特点,建立可靠性约束;其中,各风险指标定义及对应事故集如下:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000079
式中:X f是系统的运行方式;E i是第i个故障;P r(E i)是故障E i发生的概率;S ev(E i,X f)是在X f的运行方式下发生第i个故障后系统的严重程度;R isk(X f)是系统在X f运行方式下的运行风险指标。
因此,综合能源系统可靠性约束条件可以归纳为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000080
式中:X f是系统的运行方式;E i是第i个故障;P r(E i)是故障E i发生的概率;S ev(E i,X f)是在X f的运行方式下发生第i个故障后系统的严重程度;R isk(X f)是系统在X f运行方式下的运行风险指标;R set是系统该运行风险指标的上限值。
由于机组运行需要满足最小允许连续运行持续时间、连续停机持续时间,建立最小启停时间约束:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000081
式中:T on,i为设备i的允许最小连续运行持续时间;T off,i为设备i的允许最小连续停机持续时间;X on,i,s,t-1为s场景下设备初始状态设备i已经连续运行的时间;X off,i,s,t-1为s场景下设备初始状态设备i已经连续停机的的时间。
此外,还考虑设备运行中能量的储存与放出,建立储能充放功率约束:
对于电储能,应满足:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000082
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000083
为充电电流、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000084
为放电电流、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000085
为储存的电能、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000086
为充电效率、
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000087
为放电效率;反映了储能存储能量、放出能量的能量平衡方程。
在运行中,还需要满足储能存储能量的上下限约束:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000088
式中,上标N表示设备选型N,包含储电、储热、储冷;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000089
为对应储能设备的运行决策变量,y=1为运行,y=0为不运行;
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000090
分别为对应储能设备的容量上限及下限。
下层约束条件为同时满足功率平衡关系、可靠性约束、最小启停时间约束和储能充放功率约束。在满足下层约束条件下,以总收益最大为目标建立下层规划模型;建立下层规划模型包括:计算新能源发电补贴收益,由新能源补贴单位发电容量的发电补贴指标值乘以容量:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000091
式中:γ表示单位发电量新能源发电补贴收益;P i与T i为新能源的实时出力以及持续发电时间;8760为一年所含小时数。
计算碳排放成本:
综合能源系统CO 2排放量计算为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000092
式中,E CO2为天然气燃烧的CO 2排放量;F CO2为天然气基于最低热值的CO 2排放因子;P CHP,s,t、P GB,s,t分别为CHP、锅炉t时s场景下输出功率;η CHP、η GB分别为CHP发电效率和燃气锅炉发热效率。
由于CO 2和碳的摩尔比为常数,则有CO 2与碳排放的关系如下:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000093
当综合能源系统与市电并网并从电网购电时,需要计算外购电力CO 2排放量。计算中可采用国家发改委每年定期公布的中国区域电网基准线排放因子,外购电力CO 2排放量计算公式:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000094
式中,F CO2,g为电网基准线排放因子;P web.s,t为t时刻s场景下从外部电网购买的电力;因此,规划期的综合能源系统的实际CO 2排放量为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000095
因此,碳排放成本为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000096
式中,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000097
为碳交易初始配额;λ CO2为单位碳排放交易价格;其中,碳交易即碳排放权交易,指政府为了控制碳排放分配一定的排放额度给各企业,并鼓励企业参与碳排放额度市场交易的手段。当前,中国以清洁发展机制作为碳市场的交易方式,具体模式为:当企业排放源的实际碳排放小于政府分配的额度,企业可以选择将多余的排放额度卖入市场;当实际碳排放超过政府分配额度,企业需要从碳排放交易市场买入缺少的额度,否则就须缴纳高额罚金。碳交易机制实质上是碳排放量化之后的奖惩机制,对企业的节能减排起到有效的促进作用。
此外,当综合能源系统在进行能源供应时出现供冷/供电/供热中断,会影响用户的用能体验;为提高综合能源系统的能源供应可靠性,设置了可靠性罚款成本。可靠性罚款成本通过断供的负荷量以及单位断供负荷惩罚因子来计算;所述可靠性罚款成本的计算方法为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000098
式中,θ i为断供负荷的惩罚因子,下标i代表供能类型;·P i,s为场景s下的断供功率,t i,s为场景s下的断供持续时间。
建立总收益最大化的目标函数;所述总收益最大化的目标函数为:
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000099
式中:M shouyi为下层总收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000100
表示所述设备在运行过程中销售冷热电产品带来的收益与购买天然气等运行成本之差,M ES为电储能系统在参与峰谷平电价储能过程中带来的峰谷差收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000101
为光伏发电补贴收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000102
为新能源发电补贴收益,
Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-000103
为考虑碳税的碳排放成本,Re fak为可靠性罚款成本,即能源停供产生的罚款成本。
将综合能源系统中满足下层目标函数的待规划设备放入第二目标集合;输出所述第一目标集合和第二目标集合中相同的待规划设备的型号,输出的设备型号为设备选型的整体规划方案。
由以上技术方案可知,本申请提供一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,上层规划模型中考虑设备投资成本以及设备运行约束,下层规划模型考虑综合能源系统规划设备的运行收益及综合能源系统的供能可靠性影响。通过上层与下层规划模型的联动,输出综合能源系统的整体规划方案。使投资成本最低的同时保证总收益最大。且在规划过程中考虑了二氧化碳减排效应,能够更好的实现低碳目标;并通过断供的负荷量以及单位断供负荷惩罚因子来计算可靠性成本,使规划方案具备更好的供能可靠性。
本申请提供的实施例之间的相似部分相互参见即可,以上提供的具体实施方式只是本申请总的构思下的几个示例,并不构成本申请保护范围的限定。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下依据本申请方案所扩展出的任何其他实施方式都属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,包括:
    所述方法应用于综合能源系统,所述综合能源系统包括待规划设备;
    建立上层约束条件,所述上层约束条件根据所述综合能源系统的多能负荷平衡和设备选型建立;
    将所述综合能源系统中满足所述上层约束条件的所述待规划设备放入第一集合;
    在所述第一集合中以设备投资总成本最低为目标建立上层规划模型;
    将所述第一集合中满足所述上层规划模型的待规划设备放入第一目标集合;
    建立下层约束条件,所述下层约束条件根据所述综合能源系统中各个设备运行的约束关系建立;
    将所述综合能源系统中满足所述下层约束条件的待规划设备放入第二集合;
    在所述第二集合中计算所述设备运行的销售收益、储能收益、新能源发电补贴收益、碳排放成本以及可靠性成本,以总收益最大化为目标建立下层规划模型;
    将所述第二集合中满足所述下层规划模型的待规划设备放入第二目标集合;
    输出所述第一目标集合和第二目标集合中相同的待规划设备的型号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,所述建立上层约束条件的步骤中,所述综合能源系统的多能负荷需求满足下式:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100003
    式中,为第i类设备的备选容量选型集合;
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100004
    为集合
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100005
    中选型的编号;L s,h是在运行场景s中,时刻h的区域综合能源系统的多能负荷需求;C i,j是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的多能能量输入;
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100006
    是第i种设备的第j种容量选型的转化矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100007
    为i种设备的第j种容量选型的最大多能输入;x i,j为设备选型0-1变量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,建立上层规划模型包括:
    从所述待规划设备中获取各个设备投资成本;
    计算设备投资总成本,所述投资总成本为所述各个设备投资成本之和;
    建立所述设备投资总成本最低的目标函数;
    所述设备投资总成本最低的目标函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100008
    式中,Ii为所述综合能源系统中各个设备的投资成本。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,所述获取各个设备的投资成本包括:
    以投资成本的函数计算所述各个设备的投资成本,所述投资成本的函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100010
    式中,dr是设备折现率,T是设备使用年限;ψ s表示可投资的设备集合,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100011
    表示选型第α的第i台设备的造价,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100012
    表示选型为α的第i台设备的规划变量:值为0表示系统中不会投资所述设备;值为1表示投资所述设备。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在 于,所述建立下层约束条件包括:
    建立综合能源系统的功率平衡关系,所述功率平衡关系为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100013
    式中,k为网络节点序号;NK为多能系统包含的网络节点数;A k,n为多能网络支路节点关联矩阵元素;B k,n为多能网络设备组节点关联矩阵元素;P k,s,t为t时段s场景第k条支路功率;P d,n,s,t为t时段s场景第n节点的负荷;
    建立风险评价指标的可靠性约束,所述可靠性约束为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100014
    X f是系统的运行方式;E i是第i个故障;P r(E i)是故障E i发生的概率;S ev(E i,X f)是在X f的运行方式下发生第i个故障后系统的严重程度;R isk(X f)是系统在X f运行方式下的运行风险指标;R set是系统该运行风险指标的上限值;
    建立备用设备最小启停时间约束,所述最小启停时间约束为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100015
    式中:T on,i为设备i的允许最小连续运行持续时间;T off,i为设备i的允许最小连续停机持续时间;X on,i,s,t为s场景下设备初始状态设备i已经连续运行的时间;X off,i,s,t为s场景下设备初始状态设备i已经连续停机的的时间;
    建立储能充放功率约束,所述储能充放功率约束为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100017
    式中,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100018
    为充电电流、
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100019
    为放电电流、
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100020
    为储存的电能、
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100021
    为充电效率、
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100022
    为放电效率;上标N表示设备选型N,包含储电、储热、储冷;
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100023
    为对应储能设备的运行决策变量,y=1为运行,y=0为不运行;
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100024
    分别为对应储能设备的容量上限及下限;
    所述下层约束条件为同时满足功率平衡关系、可靠性约束、最小启停时间约束和储能充放功率约束。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,所述建立下层规划模型包括:
    建立总收益最大化的目标函数;
    所述总收益最大化的目标函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100025
    式中:M shouyi为下层总收益,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100026
    表示所述设备在运行过程中销售冷热电产品带来的收益与购买天然气等运行成本之差,M ES为电储能系统在参与峰谷平电价储能过程中带来的峰谷差收益,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100027
    为光伏发电补贴收益,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100028
    为新能源发电补贴收益,C CO2为考虑碳税的碳排放成本,Re fak为可靠性罚款成本,即能源停供产生的罚款成本。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,所述新能源发电补贴收益的计算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100029
    式中:γ表示单位发电量新能源发电补贴收益;P i与T i为新能源的实时出力以及持续发电时间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,所述碳排放成本的计算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100030
    式中,
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100031
    为碳交易初始配额,λ CO2为单位碳排放交易价格;
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100032
    式中,F CO2,g为电网基准线排放因子;P web.s,t为t时刻s场景下从外部电网购买的电力;
    F CO2,g=F C,g*N
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100033
    式中,E CO2为天然气燃烧的CO 2排放量;F CO2为天然气基于最低热值的CO 2排放因子;P CHP,s,t、P GB,s,t分别为CHP、锅炉t时s场景下输出功率;N为CO 2与碳的摩尔比;η CHP、η GB分别为CHP发电效率和燃气锅炉发热效率。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种能源互联系统的设备选型方法,其特征在于,所述可靠性罚款成本的计算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2022127022-appb-100034
    式中,θ i为断供负荷的惩罚因子,下标i代表供能类型;P i,s为场景s下的断供功率,t i,S为场景s下的断供持续时间。
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