WO2023131097A1

WO2023131097A1 - Lightweight aluminum-based composite material impeller for fluid driving device

Info

Publication number: WO2023131097A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/144439
Authority: WO
Inventors: 彭跃南; 惠海成; 彭林涛; 刘培胜; 王丽娟; 于治
Original assignee: 亚超特新材料技术有限公司
Priority date: 2022-01-06
Filing date: 2022-12-31
Publication date: 2023-07-13
Also published as: CN114754021A

Abstract

A lightweight aluminum-based composite impeller for a device driving a fluid such as a gas or a liquid, comprising a blade set (11) and a substrate (12), wherein the blade set (11) is prepared from an aluminum-based composite material, and the specific rigidity of the aluminum-based composite material is not less than 30 GPa/g/cm 3. The weight of the impeller is significantly reduced, and the specific rigidity of the aluminum-based composite material is not less than 30 GPa/g/cm 3, which is higher than that of an existing metal. Therefore, the blades on the light-weight aluminum-based composite material impeller are not prone to deformation under fluid pressure, thereby achieving good fluid driving performance while maintaining a light weight.

Description

A lightweight aluminum matrix composite impeller for a fluid drive

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fluid machinery, and more particularly relates to a lightweight aluminum-based composite material impeller for a fluid drive device, such as an axial flow impeller, a radial flow impeller, and a centrifugal impeller.

Background technique

The fluid drive device mentioned in this manual refers to fluid machinery such as air blower, axial compressor, radial compressor, centrifugal fan/blower, etc. , Exhaust fan, exhaust / air machine, air compressor, aero engine compressor, internal combustion engine turbocharger and liquid pump, etc. These fluid drive devices are all made up of impellers, casings and other auxiliary accessories of their respective structures. In various fluid drive devices, the impeller structural parts have various names, which are collectively referred to as impellers (Impeller) in this specification; for the impellers in the above-mentioned specific fluid drive devices, this specification refers to them as axial flow impeller (Axial impeller), respectively. Radial impeller and Centrifugal impeller, etc.

The above-mentioned various fluid drive devices have the following common features in structure: (1) the impeller is composed of a base and a circle of blades formed by a plurality of blades with the same or different shapes distributed around the base; (2) the base There is a power shaft or a shaft hole for installing the power shaft in the center, which is used to input rotational power; (3) The power shaft of the impeller is fixed on the casing of the fluid drive device through bearings; (4) When the fluid drive device is running, the power shaft drives the base and Drive the vane group to rotate at high speed, inhale fluid such as gas or liquid from the fluid input end of the fluid drive device casing, and pressurize the fluid in front of the blade through the rotating blade to drive the fluid to flow out from the fluid output end of the casing after pressurization or acceleration. As the impeller rotates, there is a pressure difference between the fluid output end and the fluid input end of the housing, so the fluid is continuously sucked in from the input end of the housing, and driven by pressure to flow out from the output end of the housing. The impeller can be an integral impeller in which the blade group and the base are processed from one material, or can be processed from the same or different materials and installed around the base by means of bolts, rivets, inlays or welding to form an impeller.

High-performance fluid drive devices for applications such as aero-engine compressors and internal combustion engine turbochargers have two basic requirements for impellers: one is that the impeller should be as lightweight as possible to reduce the weight of the entire fluid drive device; and the weight of the impeller can also be reduced The moment of inertia of the impeller improves the efficiency of the impeller. The second is that under the action of fluid pressure, the deformation of the blade group on the impeller should be as small as possible to ensure good fluid driving performance, which requires high rigidity (Stiffness) of the material used to prepare the blade group; and the rigidity of the material depends on The Young's Modulus of the material (Young's Modulus, referred to as the elastic modulus). Therefore, the impeller is usually made of steel with a high modulus of elasticity. However, the density of the steel material is high, resulting in a heavy impeller and a large moment of inertia.

In order to reduce the weight of the impeller, the existing technology mainly uses low-density lightweight materials instead of steel to prepare the impeller, and some solutions are listed below.

The blades of the aeroengine compressor impeller are usually made of titanium alloy. US Patent No. 7,824,159B2 is an example of using titanium alloy to prepare the aeroengine compressor impeller blade. US Patent No. 8,292,589 B2 provides a method for preparing a gas turbine impeller from an aluminum alloy. US patent application US20200263699A1 provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy centrifugal impeller. Chinese patent CN101749270B provides a preparation method for a magnesium alloy centrifugal fan impeller. European patent application 88304171.7 provides an aluminum alloy water pump impeller scheme. In addition, the small impeller is also made of lightweight materials such as plastic.

Although the density of light metals such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and titanium alloys is about 1.8 to 4.5g/cm ³ , which is less than that of steel (about 7.8 to 8.5g/cm ³ ), their elastic modulus (about between 45 and 115Gpa) is also much smaller than the elastic modulus of steel (>160Gpa), so the calculated specific stiffness of light metals such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and titanium alloys (Specific Stiffness, that is, the elastic modulus divided by the density, is The elastic modulus per unit weight of the material) is similar to that of steel, about 25±2GPa/g/cm ³ . The rigidity of a material refers to the ability of the material to resist elastic deformation when it is stressed, and the specific rigidity refers to the ability to resist elastic deformation when a unit weight of material is stressed. It is used to compare the elastic resistance of materials with different densities of the same weight when stressed. The strength of the ability to deform. When the size (volume) of the light metal blade is the same as that of the steel blade, the low-density light metal blade is lighter than the steel blade. Since the specific rigidity of these metal materials in the prior art is similar, the blades made of lightweight light metals are less resistant to elastic deformation when subjected to fluid pressure than heavy steel blades, thereby reducing the performance of the lightweight impeller. In addition, plastics not only have low strength, but also have very low elastic modulus and specific rigidity, so they are only suitable for small impellers with low power.

The above-mentioned existing lightweight impeller technical solutions are difficult to simultaneously take into account both lightweight and excellent fluid driving performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a lightweight impeller that has a significant lightweight effect and can maintain good fluid driving performance.

References:

US patents and patent applications: US7824159B2, US8292589B2, US20200263699A1.

Chinese patent: CN101749270B.

European Patent Application: 88304171.7.

Other references:

N. Chawal etc., Metal Matrix Composites (2nd Edition), Springer, 2013, ISBN-10: 1461495474;

Zhao Yutao et al., Metal Matrix Composites, Machinery Industry Press, 2019, ISBN:9787111620389.

Contents of the invention

The inventor found that after lightening the weight of the impeller in the fluid drive device, in order to maintain good transmission performance, it is necessary to ensure that each blade of the impeller is elastically deformed as little as possible under the action of fluid pressure. It is required that the lightweight blades have higher specific rigidity (= elastic modulus ÷ density, which is the elastic modulus per unit weight of the material) than steel blades. Otherwise, due to the similar specific rigidity of the material, when the lightweight material of the same size (volume) replaces the steel blade, although the weight is lighter, the rigidity of the blade is also reduced, which makes the blade more susceptible to fluid pressure during transmission. Deformation, resulting in reduced fluid drive performance. The specific rigidity of conventional metal materials (including light metals such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloys) is almost the same as steel, about 25±2GPa/g/cm ³ , so conventional light metal materials such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, Magnesium alloys are used to prepare the blades in the impeller, which is difficult to achieve both light weight and good fluid driving performance.

In order to solve the problem that the fluid driving performance of the existing lightweight impeller decreases due to the fact that the specific rigidity of the lightweight metal of the existing lightweight impeller is not higher than that of steel, the present invention uses lightweight aluminum with a density of about ^3g /cm AMC impeller made of Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMC). The result shows that it can not only greatly reduce the weight of the impeller, but also because the AMC used in the present invention has a higher specific rigidity (not less than 30GPa/g/cm ³ ) than existing metals, so that the AMC of the present invention is installed. The fluid drive of the quantized impeller maintains good fluid drive performance.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) used in a fluid drive device, including a blade set (11) and a sheet base (12), characterized in that: the blade set (11) It is prepared from an aluminum-based composite material, and the specific rigidity of the aluminum-based composite material is not less than 30GPa/g/cm ³ .

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum matrix composite material is composed of an aluminum alloy base material and a strengthening phase.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing phase material is selected from ceramic powder, ceramic whisker, short ceramic fiber or a mixture thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the volume ratio of the strengthening phase to the volume of the aluminum-based composite material is 5-45%, such as 10-40%, such as 15-25%.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy base material is selected from 2 series aluminum alloys, 3 series aluminum alloys, 4 series aluminum alloys, 5 series aluminum alloys, 6 series aluminum alloys, and 7 series aluminum alloys in the American Aluminum Association standard AA. Aluminum alloy and 8 series aluminum alloy.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum matrix composite material is produced from the aluminum alloy base material and strengthening phase by powder metallurgy, stirred melting casting or in situ autogenous method.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) is characterized in that the blade group (11) and the sheet base (12) can be an integral aluminum matrix composite material component, that is, The sheet base (12) can be made of aluminum matrix composite material.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lightweight aluminum matrix composite impeller (10) is characterized in that the base (12) is an integral component, and is connected to the The blade groups (11) are fixed together.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) is characterized in that the base (12) is composed of two independent sub-piece base parts, which are respectively connected to the blade group ( 11) The two ends are fixed together by means of bolts, rivets, inlays or welding.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) is characterized in that the blade group (11) is composed of multiple blades with the same shape or different shapes.

Description of drawings

1A and 1B are schematic perspective views of typical structures of axial-flow lightweight AMC impellers 100 and 100' according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2A and 2B are schematic perspective views of typical structures of radial flow lightweight AMC impellers 200 and 200' according to another embodiment of the present invention;

3A and 3B are schematic three-dimensional views of typical structures of centrifugal lightweight AMC impellers 300 and 300' according to another embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed ways

The invention can be better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following examples. However, those skilled in the art can easily understand that the content described in the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention, and should not and will not limit the present invention.

Fig. 1 A is the typical structure perspective view of the axial flow AMC impeller 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention; Axial flow impeller 100 is an application example of AMC impeller 10, is mainly used in aviation turbojet, turbofan and turboprop engine In the front stage compressor, the shaft hole 101 in the center of the impeller is used to be installed on the turbine shaft of the engine; The base 12 can be prepared by AMC, and can also be prepared by steel or titanium alloy; the blade group 11 is composed of many AMC blades; for large aero-engines, the blade group 11 is installed around the base 12 to form the impeller 10 by being embedded; for small The aero-engine, blade set 11 and sheet base 12 can be integrally manufactured by AMC to form an integral lightweight AMC impeller. Fig. 1B is a schematic three-dimensional schematic diagram of a typical structure of an ordinary axial-flow AMC impeller 100', which is mainly used in axial-flow suction/exhaust fans, axial-flow fans, etc.; the impeller shaft hole 101' is used to install a power shaft; a blade group composed of several AMC blades 11 is installed around the substrate 12 by bolts, rivets, inlaid or welded to form the impeller 10; AMC can also be used to prepare a small integral lightweight AMC impeller 100'.

Fig. 2 A is according to another embodiment of the present invention radial flow AMC impeller 200 typical structure three-dimensional schematic diagram; Radial flow impeller 200 is another application example of AMC impeller 10, is mainly used in devices such as gas supercharger, liquid pump; The shaft hole 201 in the center is used to install the power shaft; the blade set 11 and the base 12 are an integral part of the impeller 10 made by AMC. Each blade in the blade set 11 may be of the same shape, or the impeller 200' as shown in Fig. 2B may be composed of two sets of sub-blade sets 11 and 11' of different shapes.

Fig. 3 A is according to another embodiment of the present invention centrifugal AMC impeller 300 typical structure three-dimensional schematic diagram; Centrifugal impeller 300 is another application example of AMC impeller 10, is mainly used in devices such as exhaust fan, liquid pump; The shaft hole 301 is used to install the power shaft; the blade group 11 and the sheet base 12 can be an impeller 10 member prepared by an integral AMC, or an impeller 300 ′ as shown in Figure 3B, and the AMC blade group 11 is installed on two separate substructures. Between the bases 12 and 12'; the sub-sub-base 12 in the impeller 300' is the basic sub-sub-base plate, with a shaft hole 301' in the center, which is used to install the power shaft of the impeller 300'; the AMC blade in the impeller 300' Group 11 may be mounted between submounts 12 and 12' by bolts, rivets, welding or inserting. Each blade in the blade set 11 in the integral impeller 300 may be of the same shape, or may be composed of two sub-blade sets of different shapes.

According to the scheme of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the aluminum-based composite material AMC for preparing the impeller 10 can be prepared by adding a strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy base material; wherein the aluminum alloy base material can be selected according to the design requirements Different aluminum alloy formulations, such as 2 series aluminum alloys, 3 series aluminum alloys, 4 series aluminum alloys, 5 series aluminum alloys, 6 series aluminum alloys, 7 series aluminum alloys or 8 series aluminum alloy, etc., preferably 2 series aluminum alloy, 6 series aluminum alloy or 7 series aluminum alloy. The strengthening phase can be different ceramic powder materials, such as aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), boron carbide (B ₄ C), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), titanium diboride (TiB ₂ ), titanium carbide (TiC), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ) and other ceramic powders, or a mixture of more than one different ceramic powders. The average particle size of the ceramic powder can be between 0.5-50 microns, for example, 1-30 microns. The strengthening phase in AMC can also be ceramic whiskers, such as silicon carbide whiskers (SiC Whisker), titanium boride whiskers (TiB ₂ Whisker), aluminum borate whiskers (Al ₁₈ B ₄ O ₃₃ Whisker), potassium titanate Whisker (K ₂ Ti ₆ O ₁₃ Whisker), Magnesium Borate Whisker (Mg ₂ B ₂ O ₅ Whisker), etc., can also be ceramic short fiber, such as alumina short fiber (Al ₂ O ₃ Short Fiber), silicon carbide Short fiber (SiC Short Fiber), alumina + silica short fiber (Al ₂ O ₃ +SiO Short Fiber), etc.; the average diameter of whiskers and short fibers is between 0.5 and 25 microns, and the aspect ratio is between 5 and 30 range. The strengthening phase can also be carbon nanotube (Carbon nano Tube) and graphene. The strengthening phase volume content in AMC is between 5-45%, for example 10-40%, for example 15-25%. The above-mentioned AMC can be produced by powder metallurgy (including powder hot pressing molding method, powder isostatic pressing sintering method, powder injection molding method and plasma powder injection molding method, etc.) Produced by powder metallurgy. In the powder metallurgy method, the average particle size of the powder of the aluminum alloy substrate may be 1-60 microns, such as 2-50 microns, such as 5-40 microns. Studies have shown that the strength and elastic modulus of the above-mentioned strengthening phases of AMC are higher than those of aluminum alloys, and the performance of the aluminum matrix composites prepared by adding them to the aluminum alloy substrate is strengthened, and its strength and elastic modulus Compared with the aluminum alloy substrate, it has been greatly improved.

The blanks of AMC blades, AMC sheets or integral AMC impellers in the present invention can be prepared by processing AMC materials through aluminum alloy forming processes such as extrusion, forging or casting, and then perform the required heat treatment according to the heat treatment requirements of its aluminum alloy base material. Heat treatment, such as T4 or T6 heat treatment, and then through machining to finally become AMC blade, sheet base or integral AMC impeller.

specific embodiment

Taking the powder metallurgy method as an example, different aluminum alloy substrates and strengthening phases are used to prepare the aluminum matrix composite material AMC, which is used to prepare the lightweight AMC impeller of the present invention.

Example 1

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 32 microns, volume ratio 85%), strengthening phase B ₄ C powder (average particle size 14 microns, volume ratio 15%).

Process, using powder hot pressing method (HIP or HVP method): (1) Mix AA6061 powder and B ₄ C powder evenly (Mixing and Blending). Wherein the aluminum alloy powder can be the aluminum alloy powder made by the existing aluminum alloy, or the powder of various components in the aluminum alloy can be mixed with the strengthening phase powder according to the proportion in the aluminum alloy base material. The aluminum alloy substrate is formed during the sintering process of the AMC. The same is true for the formation of aluminum alloy substrates in the following examples. (2) Put the homogeneously mixed AMC mixture into a can-type metal mold (Canning) that can be closed and has an exhaust pipe, and degas (Degassing/Evacuation). (3) Heat the pumped pot mold with AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C (lower than the melting temperature of the aluminum alloy substrate, in the range of 530-580°C, preferably 540-570°C ), and then hot press to become AMC spindle (Hot Isostatic/Vacuum Pressing). (4) Aluminum-based composite material A is finally obtained after removing the metal mold of the outer layer.

Example 2

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 32 microns, volume ratio 75%), strengthening phase B ₄ C powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 25%).

Process, using powder isostatic pressing sintering method (CIP method): (1) Mix AA6061 powder and B ₄ C powder evenly (Mixing and Blending). (2) The AMC mixture that mixes uniformly is packed in the rubber mold that air outlet pipe is arranged, under room temperature to the rubber mold that AMC mixture is housed pressurizes, then removes the rubber mold of outer layer to obtain AMC powder ingot (Cold Isostatic Processing ). (3) Heat the AMC powder ingot in a vacuum furnace to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, to become an AMC ingot, and finally obtain the aluminum matrix composite material B.

Example 3

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6182 aluminum ingot (average particle size 60 microns, volume ratio 95%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 30 microns).

The process uses the spray molding method (Spray method): (1) After melting the AA6182 ingot, it is sprayed downward through the powder injection device, and at the same time, the SiC powder is sprayed into the aluminum alloy powder, and the aluminum alloy powder and SiC powder are controlled. The volume ratios are 95% and 5%. (2) The mixed powder is deposited and solidified in the collecting device below, and the aluminum matrix composite material C is finally obtained.

Example 4

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 30 microns, volume ratio 85%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 4 microns, volume ratio 15%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and SiC powder evenly. (2) The uniformly mixed AMC mixture is packed into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has an air extraction pipe, and air is extracted. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 540°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material D is finally obtained.

Example 5

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6092 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 75%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 6 microns, volume ratio 25%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6092 powder and SiC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 560°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material E is finally obtained.

Example 6

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 25 microns, volume ratio 60%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 40%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and SiC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material F is finally obtained.

Example 7

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6092 powder (average particle size 10 microns, volume ratio 80%), strengthening phase Al ₂ O ₃ powder (average particle size 10 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6092 powder and Al ₂ O ₃ powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) Aluminum-based composite material G is finally obtained after removing the metal mold of the outer layer.

Example 8

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 78%), strengthening phase ZrO ₂ powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 22%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and ZrO ₂ powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 570°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material H is finally obtained.

Example 9

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 5 microns, volume ratio 80%), strengthening phase ZrB ₂ powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and ZrB ₂ powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) Aluminum-based composite material I is finally obtained after removing the metal mold of the outer layer.

Example 10

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 80%), strengthening phase ZrC powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and ZrC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 540°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material J is finally obtained.

Example 11

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 30 microns, volume ratio 80%), strengthening phase TiB ₂ powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and TiB ₂ powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material K is finally obtained.

Example 12

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 40 microns, volume ratio 80%), reinforcement phase TiC powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and TiC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material L is finally obtained.

Example 13

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 80%), strengthening phase AlN powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and AlN powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material M is finally obtained.

Example 14

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 80%), strengthening phase Si ₃ N ₄ powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 20%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and Si ₃ N ₄ powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material N is finally obtained.

Example 15

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 88%), strengthening phase SiC whiskers (average diameter 3 microns, average aspect ratio 15, volume ratio 12%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and SiC whiskers evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material O is finally obtained.

Example 16

Materials: aluminum alloy AA6061 powder (average particle size 20 microns, volume ratio 90%), reinforcement phase Al ₂ O ₃ short fibers (average diameter 13 microns, average aspect ratio 20, volume ratio 10%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6061 powder and Al ₂ O ₃ short fibers evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum-based composite material P is finally obtained.

Example 17

Materials: aluminum alloy AA2009 powder (average particle size 15 microns, volume ratio 85%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 5 microns, volume ratio 15%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA6092 powder and SiC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material Q is finally obtained.

Example 18

Materials: aluminum alloy AA2024 powder (average particle size 32 microns, volume ratio 75%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 8 microns, volume ratio 25%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA2024 powder and SiC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 560°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material R is finally obtained.

Example 19

Materials: aluminum alloy AA7050 powder (average particle size 10 microns, volume ratio 85%), strengthening phase SiC powder (average particle size 4 microns, volume ratio 15%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA7050 powder and SiC powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material S is finally obtained.

Example 20

Materials: aluminum alloy AA7075 powder (average particle size 25 microns, volume ratio 85%), strengthening phase Al ₂ O ₃ powder (average particle size 12 microns, volume ratio 15%).

Process, using powder hot pressing molding method: (1) Mix AA7050 powder and Al ₂ O ₃ powder evenly. (2) Put the well-mixed AMC mixture into a pot-type metal mold that can be closed and has a suction pipe, and pump air. (3) Heat the pumped pot mold containing the AMC mixture to the specified AMC sintering temperature, 550°C, and then perform hot pressing to become an AMC ingot. (4) After removing the metal mold of the outer layer, the aluminum matrix composite material T is finally obtained.

The density and elastic modulus of aluminum matrix composites can be tested by Solid Density Meter and "ASTM E111-17 Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus (Young's modulus of elasticity, tangent modulus Chord Modulus Test Method) "to measure. These two parameters of AMC can also be approximated by the following formula:

P _c ＝P _m V _m +P _r V _r

Wherein P=property (Property), which can be density ρ or elastic modulus E; V=volume fraction (Volume fraction); the subscripts c, m and r represent aluminum matrix composite material AMC, aluminum alloy base material and strengthening phase respectively .

Table 1 shows the properties of 20 kinds of AMC from A to T obtained in the examples. It can be seen from the table that the specific rigidity (specific elastic modulus) of the AMC of the embodiment is more than 30 GPa/g/cm ³ which is crucial to the weight loss and rotational performance of the fluid drive device.

Table 1 The specific rigidity of the optional part of the aluminum matrix composite material in the present invention

As a comparison, Table 2 lists the relevant properties of commonly used metal materials for impellers, No. 45 steel and 304 stainless steel. Table 2 also lists the density, elastic modulus and specific rigidity of conventional light metals, including aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys. Comparing the two tables shows that the specific rigidity of the AMC of the present invention is 20-90% higher than that of conventional metals.

This shows that the aluminum-based composite material of the present invention has good lightweight and comprehensive material performance advantages for the impeller. Using the lightweight aluminum-based composite material impeller used in the fluid drive device of the present invention not only can effectively reduce the weight of the impeller, but also because the AMC used in the present invention has higher specific rigidity than the existing metal, so that the installation of this The invention of lightweight AMC impeller for fluid drive has better fluid drive performance.

Table 2 Specific rigidity of some metal materials

It should be understood that although the materials in the examples show the excellent specific rigidity of the AMC material of the present invention, there may be more optional AMC materials. The density of AMC depends on the density of the aluminum alloy base material and the density of the strengthening phase and the volume ratio of the aluminum matrix and the strengthening phase, while the density of the same series of aluminum alloys has little difference; similarly, the elastic modulus of AMC depends on the aluminum alloy base material The elastic modulus of the material and the elastic modulus of the strengthening phase and the volume ratio of the aluminum matrix to the strengthening phase, the elastic modulus of the same series of aluminum alloys also vary very little; it is therefore reasonable to expect that other suitable aluminum alloy substrates And the strengthening phase can also achieve similar technical effects.

In addition to the typical structures shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the impeller of the present invention has also developed some other structures, and the present invention can be applied to these changed impellers.

Specific implementations have been given above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described implementations. The basic idea of the present invention lies in the above-mentioned basic scheme. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the teaching of the present invention, it does not need to spend creative labor to design various deformation models, formulas, and parameters. Changes, modifications, substitutions and deformations to the embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) for a fluid drive device, comprising a blade set (11) and a sheet base (12), characterized in that: the blade set (11) is made of aluminum matrix composite material, the The specific rigidity of the aluminum matrix composite material is not less than 30GPa/g/cm 3 .
The lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum matrix composite material is composed of an aluminum alloy base material and a strengthening phase.
The lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the reinforcement phase material is selected from ceramic powder, ceramic whiskers, ceramic short fibers or mixtures thereof.
The lightweight aluminum-matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the volume ratio of the strengthening phase to the volume of the aluminum-matrix composite material is 5-45%.
According to the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the aluminum alloy base material is selected from 2 series aluminum alloys, 3 series aluminum alloys, and 4 series aluminum alloys in the American Aluminum Association standard AA alloy, 5 series aluminum alloy, 6 series aluminum alloy, 7 series aluminum alloy and 8 series aluminum alloy.
According to the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the aluminum alloy base material and strengthening phase are produced by powder metallurgy method, stirred melting casting method or in-situ autogenous method base composite material.
The lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet base (12) is made of aluminum matrix composite material.
According to the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the blade group (11) and the sheet base (12) are independent components respectively, and the two are formed by bolts, rivets, inlaid or welded fixed together.
According to the lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the film base (12) is composed of two independent sub-film bases, and are respectively connected to the two blade groups (11) The ends are held together by bolts, rivets, inserts or welding.
The lightweight aluminum matrix composite material impeller (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that, the blade set (11) and the sheet base (12) are integrated aluminum matrix composite material components.