CN1510153A - High strength and ductility particle reinforced aluminium base composite material and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
High strength and ductility particle reinforced aluminium base composite material and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-strength high-plasticity particles-reinforced Al-base composition is prepared through proportionally mixing the reinforcing particles with aluminium powder, hot die pressing, and squeezing, rolling or die forging. Said refinforcing particles has the 10-25% of volume percentage and 5-20 microns of average granularity and are uniformly dispersed in basic body of Al alloy. Its advantages are high strength and plasticity, high stability and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength high-ductility particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is compared with its matrix alloy, not only has high specific stiffness, high specific strength, wear-resistant, antifatigue, thermal expansivity is little, mechanical property and physicals that dimensional stabilizing etc. are excellent, but also have characteristics such as performance can design, therefore, many countries have dropped into a large amount of reasearch funds and have carried out this class composite study and application and development, one of its free-revving engine is to attempt comprising aviation, important application occasions such as space flight, adopt the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of high specific stiffness and specific tenacity to substitute traditional aluminium alloy, structured materials such as titanium alloy are so that further reduce the weight and the cost of parts.Therefore, require matrix material must possess low density, high-modulus, high strength and good plasticity.
As everyone knows, ceramic particle adds the matrix material that forms in the aluminium alloy, under the prerequisite that keeps the aluminium alloy level of density, show Young's modulus and the surrender and the tensile strength that are higher than aluminium alloy near titanium alloy, but the material plasticity and toughness obviously descend, and base table reveals the characteristics of hard brittle material.And the low plasticity and toughness of material have directly limited the application of matrix material on the important bearing structure parts in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, the difficulty that causes complicated shape component thermo forming simultaneously, therefore, the plasticity and toughness of improving particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material become the emphasis of this material engineering applied research.
Analysing particulates reinforced aluminum matrix composites strengthening mechanism is found, the fracture mode of this material has a strong impact on the intensity and the plasticity of material, existing research work shows that the generation of crackle or hole and expansion approach mainly comprise: the interface disengagement between particulate fracture, particle and the matrix and the ductile rupture of alloy matrix aluminum etc.Therefore, the factor that influences particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material plasticity mainly comprises two aspects, promptly strengthens the behavior in the stand under load deformation process of body and alloy matrix aluminum.Aspect enhancing body particle, particle fracture may occur or throw off at the interface; Aspect alloy matrix aluminum, owing to strengthen and have bigger difference of thermal expansion coefficients between body particle and the alloy matrix aluminum, therefore can cause near the partial operation sclerosis of the matrix particle and the appearance of three-dimensional tensile stress in matrix, these factors all are unfavorable for the plasticity of material.In addition, matrix material is easy to produce local plastic deformation in drawing process, also is unfavorable for the plasticity of material.
From existing lot of documents report analysis revealed, the plasticity of matrix material is to the preparation technology parameter of material and the highstrung performance index of microtexture, therefore, by design matrix alloy, enhancing body kind and parameters such as size-grade distribution, distributing homogeneity and pattern, and carry out the optimization of material preparation process, be the key means of improving matrix material plasticity.
In numerous particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material preparation methods, powder metallurgic method is the stable effective preparation method who realizes the material high strength and obtain to accept plasticity, being material heterogeneous microstructure the most easy to control, realizing the stable comparatively sophisticated preparation method of material property, also is the most promising method that obtains extensive application on the crucial load assembly in Aeronautics and Astronautics field.Therefore, keeping under the high-caliber prerequisite of composite material strength, the plasticity of further improving the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of powder metallurgic method preparation seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to realize a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of high-strength high-ductility.
Another object of the present invention is to realize being suitable for a kind of process stabilizing and the simple preparation method of above-mentioned particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, strengthen body particulate size-grade distribution by optimizing, and make it to be uniformly distributed in the aluminum substrate, simultaneously, realize to strengthen to form high-intensity interface between body and the matrix and combine, with the matrix material of preparation high strength, high-ductility.
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention is formed by strengthening body particle and alloy matrix aluminum, strengthen the body particle and be irregular shape, disperse is uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum, and form high-intensity interface with matrix and combine, strengthening body particulate size range is 1～30 μ m, mean particle size is in 5～20 mu m ranges, and the volume percent in matrix material is 10～25%.
The B of described enhancing body particle for having characteristics such as high rigidity, high elastic coefficient, high strength and low density
4C (norbide), SiC (silicon carbide) and Al
2O
3In (aluminum oxide) etc. any one.Described alloy matrix aluminum can be any one alloy that comprises in duralumin (2 * * *) and the wrought aluminium (6 * * *).
A kind of preparation method who makes particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention, this method comprises the steps: that (1) is by strengthening body particulate volumn concentration 10～25% in the designed matrix material, converting out required enhancing body particulate weight percentage is 9.3～32.4%, by strengthening the weight that body particulate weight percentage calculates required enhancing body particulate weight and required another kind of raw material aluminum base alloy powder in the matrix material.(2) required enhancing body grain graininess is in 1～30 mu m range, and mean particle size is in 5～20 mu m ranges.(3) enhancing body particulate material, aluminum base alloy powder and the steel ball of aequum joined mix 5～24 hours in the mixer, wherein, ball material weight ratio is 10-30: 1.The mixer rotating speed is 30～60r/min.(4) with above-mentioned powdered mixture vacuum hot pressing formation, hot pressing temperature is 480～650 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 1～5 * 10
-2Pa, billet hot pressing pressure is 30～100MPa.
Can carry out step (5) more above-mentioned hot pressing billet is carried out hot-work, comprise hot extrusion, rolling etc.
Steel ball used in step (3) is good with the high-carbon steel ball, and its steel ball size is between φ 5～φ 8mm.
When making particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, at first according to the volumn concentration 10～25% that strengthens body in the designed matrix material, converting out enhancing body particulate weight percentage is 9.3～32.4%, again according to strengthening the weight that body particulate weight percent calculates required enhancing body particulate weight and required another kind of raw material aluminum base alloy powder in the matrix material.Select respectively mean particle size 5～20 μ m, size range weighs at the Al alloy powder of 10～100 mu m ranges in enhancing body particle and the mean particle size of 1～30 μ m, add the high-carbon steel ball that strengthens body powder, Al alloy powder and φ 5～φ 8mm in the mixing machine together then, mixed 5～24 hours, wherein, ball material weight ratio is 10-30: 1.The mixer rotating speed is 40～60r/min.With above-mentioned powdered mixture vacuum hot pressing formation, hot pressing temperature is 480～650 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 1～5 * 10
-2Pa, billet hot pressing pressure is 30～100MPa.Above-mentioned hot pressing billet is carried out hot-work, comprise hot extrusion, rolling etc.
Strengthening the distributing homogeneity of body particle in aluminum substrate is one of important factor that influences composite material strength and plasticity, strengthening the body particle exists gathering not only can cause the decline of the strength of materials in aluminum substrate, and can aggravate the further reduction of material plasticity, therefore, improving even particle distribution is to need one of key issue that solves in the Composite Preparation process.Studies show that with regard to mechanically mixing, even particle distribution is relevant with the size composition of pottery enhancing body particulate with aluminium powder form.In 5～20 mu m ranges, therefore, select for use in 10～100 mu m ranges, and be preferably in 10～50 mu m ranges by the aluminium powder form granularity in 1～30 mu m range and mean particle size for the enhancing body grain graininess of selecting for use in the step (2).Fig. 1 shows the metallograph of matrix material of the present invention, shows in the uniform particles distribution alloy matrix aluminum.
The advantage of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention and preparation method thereof just is:
1, strengthen in the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention the body particle in 1～30 mu m range and mean particle size in 5～20 mu m ranges, the enhancing body particle that suitable particle size is formed has guaranteed the high strength and the high-ductility of matrix material.Table 1 shows the performance of several high performance composite.
2, strengthen the body uniform particles in the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention and be distributed in the matrix, strengthen forming high-intensity interface between body and the matrix and combine simultaneously, guaranteed that matrix material has high strength and high-ductility.
3, the preparation method of matrix material of the present invention adopts conventional powder metallurgy technology, and technology is simple, and cost is low, material property height and steady quality.
Table 1 high-strength high-plasticity composite property
| Title material | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Young's modulus (GPa) | Unit elongation (%) | Relative reduction in area (%) |
| 15vol%SiCp/2009Al (T4, lack time effect) | ????495 | ???330 | ????95 | ????12 | ????12 |
| 15vol%SiCp/2009Al (T4, peak timeliness) | ????533 | ???365 | ????--- | ????11 | ????--- |
| 15vol%SiCp/2009Al (T4, peak timeliness) | ????530 | ???410 | ????94 | ????10 | ????9 |
Material 15vol%SiCp/2009Al (T4, lack time effect) adopts SiC to strengthen body particle, 2009Al aluminium alloy.SiC particulate percent by volume is 15%.Wherein said T4, lack time effect are meant matrix material extruding back 490 ℃ of following solid solutions, weathering then 96 hours.Described T4, peak timeliness are meant matrix material extruding back 505 ℃ of following solid solutions, weathering then 96 hours.Above-mentioned each material all adopts method of the present invention to make.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is to be size distribution situation (* 200) in the matrix material tested of Neophot-2 opticmicroscope with testing tool
Embodiment
Below the present invention is further illustrated with embodiment; to help product of the present invention and preparation method and the further understanding of advantage do thereof; protection scope of the present invention is not subjected to the qualification of these embodiment, and protection scope of the present invention is limited by claims.
Embodiment 1
The SiCp/2009Al matrix material of present embodiment, its SiC particle is irregular shape, and mean particle size is 12 μ m, and disperse is uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum, and SiC particulate percent by volume is 15%.
Its method for making is according to the volumn concentration 15% that strengthens body in the designed matrix material, converting out enhancing body particulate weight percentage is 17.3%, take by weighing mean particle size and be that SiC powder 500 grams of 12 μ m and 2009Al powder 2390 that mean particle size is 50 μ m restrain and 30 kilograms of adding mixers of high-carbon steel ball of φ 6mm carry out powder mixes, mixed 15 hours, the mixer rotating speed is 50r/min.With above-mentioned powdered mixture vacuum hot pressing formation, hot pressing temperature is 560 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 2 * 10
-2Pa, billet hot pressing pressure is 40MPa.Above-mentioned hot pressing billet is carried out hot extrusion, 500 ℃ of extrusion temperatures, extrusion ratio is 15.Concrete material property is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The SiCp/2009Al matrix material of present embodiment, its SiC particle is irregular shape, and mean particle size is 9 μ m, and disperse is uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum, and SiC particulate percent by volume is 15%.
Its method for making is according to the volumn concentration 15% that strengthens body in the designed matrix material, converting out enhancing body particulate weight percentage is 17.3%, take by weighing mean particle size and be that SiC powder 500 grams of 9 μ m and 2009Al powder 2390 that mean particle size is 45 μ m restrain and 35 kilograms of adding mixers of high-carbon steel ball of φ 8mm carry out powder mixes, mixed 18 hours, the mixer rotating speed is 50r/min.With above-mentioned powdered mixture vacuum hot pressing formation, hot pressing temperature is 600 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 1 * 10
-2Pa, billet hot pressing pressure is 80MPa.Above-mentioned hot pressing billet is carried out hot extrusion, 510 ℃ of extrusion temperatures, extrusion ratio is 15.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is formed by strengthening body particle and aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that,
(1) strengthen the body particle dispersion and be uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum, and combine with the interface formation of matrix,
(2) strengthen body particulate size range in 1～30 μ m, and mean particle size is in 5～20 μ m,
(3) strengthening body particulate volume percent is 10～25%.
According to a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, described enhancing body particle is B
4C, SiC and Al
2O
3In any one.
According to a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, described aluminium alloy is any one in wrought aluminium and the duralumin.
4, a kind of preparation method who makes the described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 1 is characterized in that, this method comprises the steps:
(1) by strengthening body volumn concentration 10～25% in the designed matrix material, converting out required enhancing body particulate weight percentage is 9.3～32.4%, by strengthening the weight that body particulate weight percentage calculates required enhancing body particulate weight and required another kind of raw material aluminum base alloy powder in the matrix material;
(2) required enhancing body grain graininess is in 1～30 mu m range, and mean particle size is in 5～20 mu m ranges;
(3) enhancing body particulate material, aluminum base alloy powder and the steel ball of aequum joined mix 5～24 hours in the mixer, wherein, ball material weight ratio is 10-30: 1, and the mixer rotating speed is 30～60r/min;
(4) with above-mentioned powdered mixture vacuum hot pressing formation, hot pressing temperature is 480～650 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 1～5 * 10
-2Pa, billet hot pressing pressure is 30～100MPa.
5, according to the preparation method of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 4, it is characterized in that the particle of described enhancing body raw material is B
4C, SiC and Al
2O
3In any one.
6, according to the preparation method of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 4, it is characterized in that described aluminium alloy is any one in wrought aluminium and the duralumin.
7, according to the preparation method of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 4, it is characterized in that the mean particle size of described aluminum base alloy powder is in 10～100 mu m ranges.
8, according to the preparation method of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 7, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps (3), the mean particle size of described aluminum base alloy powder is in 10～50 mu m ranges.
9, according to the preparation method of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of claim 4, it is characterized in that used steel ball is the high-carbon steel ball in step (3), its steel ball size is between φ 5～φ 8mm.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102114719A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103572087A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of boron carbide particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN103866165A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Isotropical high-strength high-toughness particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106424196A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Aluminum matrix composite plate rolling method |
| CN106694769A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process for forge piece of discontinuous reinforcement aluminum-based composite |
| CN108893639A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-27 | 常州泰格尔电子材料科技有限公司 | A kind of short route vacuum hot extrusion prepares big ingot shape SiCP/Al composite material blank method |
| CN114754021A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-07-15 | 亚超特新材料技术有限公司 | Light-weight aluminum-based composite material impeller for fluid driving device |
| CN116640953A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-25 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Reutilization method of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material waste |
-
2002
- 2002-12-26 CN CN 02158747 patent/CN1239727C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102114719A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Aluminium-plated particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103866165A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Isotropical high-strength high-toughness particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103572087A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of boron carbide particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN106694769A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process for forge piece of discontinuous reinforcement aluminum-based composite |
| CN106694769B (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2019-11-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of forging preparation process of Discontinuous Reinforcement aluminum matrix composite |
| CN106424196A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Aluminum matrix composite plate rolling method |
| CN106424196B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of milling method of aluminum-based composite material plate |
| CN108893639A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-27 | 常州泰格尔电子材料科技有限公司 | A kind of short route vacuum hot extrusion prepares big ingot shape SiCP/Al composite material blank method |
| CN114754021A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-07-15 | 亚超特新材料技术有限公司 | Light-weight aluminum-based composite material impeller for fluid driving device |
| WO2023131097A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 亚超特新材料技术有限公司 | Lightweight aluminum-based composite material impeller for fluid driving device |
| CN116640953A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-25 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Reutilization method of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material waste |
| CN116640953B (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2024-05-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Reutilization method of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material waste |
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