CN1487109A - Ceramic particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and powder metallurgical process to prepare the material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of composite material preparation technology. The composite material has the chemical expression of: AlaMgbBcMd, Where a is 50-96, b 1-7, c3-30 and d 0-13; M is one or several of Si, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cr, La, Mn, Ce, Zn, V and Zr. The preparation process is one combined powder metallurgy and in-situ reaction process and includes mixing material powder, cold pressing the mixture for forming, heating the formed mixture and hot pressing for the material powder to produce chemical reaction at temperature over 950 deg.c. Inside the aluminum alloy base, A1MgB14 ceramic phase particle as reinforcing phase is formed to prepare the composite aluminum alloy material. The ceramic particle reinforced composite aluminum alloy material. The ceramic particle reinforced composite aluminum alloy material has light weight and high strength, integrated functions, and may be used widely in transport industry and national defence industry.

Description

Powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of composite materials.

Background

The particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific modulus, low density, good heat resistance and the like, and the reinforced phase in the composite material is mostly added with ceramic particles such as Al₂O₃、SiC、Si₃N₄、TiC、B₄C、TiB₂And AlN, but unfortunately, these reinforcements are all denser than aluminum, which is not favorable for fully utilizing the characteristics of aluminum-based composite materials such as light weight, high specific strength and high specific stiffness. In addition, the following disadvantages exist in the preparation process: (1) because the ceramic particles are not wetted with the matrix metal, the metal matrix composite material with the ceramic particles uniformly distributed is difficult to prepare; (2) poor interface bonding of ceramic particles to metal, affecting its final properties; (3) ceramic particles and metal melts have interfacial adverse reactions, which affect their final properties.

Through the literature search, the name of U.S. Pat. No. 5, 6,099,605, entitled "super wear resistant boride and methods of forming the same by mechanical alloying and hot press forming", relates to AlMgB₁₄Ceramic phase and its composite material. It is characterized by adopting mechanical alloying and hot-press forming of Al, Mg and B elementary substance powder to synthesize AlMgB under the condition of accurate stoichiometric ratio₁₄A ceramic phase, and doping TiB into the ceramic phase₂AlN, BN, Si and the like to prepare the super wear-resistant boride ceramic. The material is actually a ceramic material or ceramic matrix composite material, does not have toughness and plasticity owned by metal, can reach the hardness of more than 40GPa, and is beneficial to wear resistance, but has overlarge brittleness and poor toughness, and cannot be used as a composite material with light weight, high strength and certain toughness and plasticity.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects in the background technology and the requirements of advanced aluminum-based composite material performance, and the powder metallurgy and the in-situ reaction method are combinedIn the past, a method for self-generating AlMgB in aluminum alloy is designed₁₄The ceramic particles reinforce the aluminum matrix composite material, so that the aluminum matrix composite material is lightHigh strength and multifunction integration.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by simple substance powder or alloy powder containing Al, Mg, B, Si, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cr, La, Mn, Ce, Zn, V, Zr and other elements, and the raw material components have the chemical formula: al (Al)_aMg_bB_cM_dWherein a is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 96, b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 7, c is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 30, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 13, and M is one or more of elements of Si, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cr, La, Mn, Ce, Zn, V and Zr.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which adopts a method combining a powder metallurgy method and an in-situ reaction method, uniformly mixes raw material powder, then carries out cold press molding, then heats and carries out hot press treatment on a semi-finished product subjected to cold press molding under a protective atmosphere, leads the raw material powder to carry out chemical reaction at the temperature of more than 950 ℃, and self-generates AlMgB in an aluminum alloy matrix₁₄The ceramic phase particles are used as a reinforcing phase, so that the aluminum matrix composite material is prepared. Namely:

due to the self-generated AlMgB in the aluminum alloy matrix through chemical reaction in the powder metallurgy process₁₄The ceramic particles reach submicron level and have good interface compatibility with the matrix, so the prepared aluminum matrix composite material has good mechanical and physical properties.

The preparation process of the present invention is further described below:

(1) weighing raw material powder according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing the raw material powder, and placing the mixture into a forming die for cold forming, wherein the forming pressure is greater than or equal to 250 Mpa;

(2) placing the semi-finished product after cold press molding in a heating furnace with protective atmosphere, firstly carrying out hot pressing treatment at the temperature of 480-530 ℃, wherein the pressing pressure is 1GPa-1.6GPa, then heating to 950-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to prepare the powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

The invention has substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and the AlMgB is self-generated in the aluminum alloy₁₄The hardness of the ceramic phase is 32-35(Gpa), which is much higher than that of the conventional reinforcement SiC (24-28Gpa) and Al₂O₃(21-22Gpa)、TiC(28-29Gpa)、Si₃N₄(17-21Gpa), Young's modulus 509Gpa, also much higher than conventional reinforcement, and density (2.66 g/cm)³) Lower than the conventional reinforcement and has better thermal expansion coefficient (8.3 multiplied by 10)^-5K^-1) Compared with the existing aluminum-based composite material, the composite material has the characteristics of low density, light weight, high strength and multifunctional integration, can be widely applied to the transportation industry and the national defense industry, and shows that the self-generated AlMgB₁₄Ceramic phase particles reinforce aluminum matrix composites with potential advantages.

Detailed Description

The following three examples are provided in connection with the present disclosure:

the first embodiment is as follows:

raw material powder components (weight percentage): al: 95.9%, Mg: 1%, B: 3%, Fe: 0.1 percent, uniformly mixing the raw material powder, performing cold press molding at the molding pressure of 250Mpa, placing the half or the product subjected to cold press molding in a heating furnace with protective atmosphere, performing hot press treatment at 480 ℃ at the pressing pressure of 1GPa, heating to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and preparing to obtain the self-generated AlMgB₁₄The ceramic phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has the elastic modulus of 91GPa and the tensile strength of 180 MPa.

Example two:

raw material powder components (weight percentage): al: 50%, Mg: 7%, B: 30%, Si: 13 percent, the raw material powder is evenly mixed and then is subjected to cold press molding, the molding pressure is 250Mpa, the semi-finished product after the cold press molding is placed in a heating furnace with protective atmosphere, firstly, the hot press treatment is carried out at 530 ℃, the pressing pressure is 1.6GPa, and then the heat treatment is carried outHeating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and preparing to obtain the self-generated AlMgB₁₄The ceramic phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has the elastic modulus of 245GPa and the tensile strength of 650 Mpa.

Example three:

raw material powder components (weight percentage): al: 73.5%, Mg: 4%, B: 16%, Cu: 4.5%, Ni: 1%, Cr: 1 percent, uniformly mixing the raw material powder, performing cold press molding at the molding pressure of 500Mpa, putting the cold-press molded semi-finished product into a heating furnace with protective atmosphere, performing hot press treatment at 505 ℃ at the pressing pressure of 1.3GPa, heating to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and preparing to obtain the self-generated AlMgB₁₄The ceramic phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has the elastic modulus of 140GPa and the tensile strength of 640 MPa.

Claims (3)

1. The powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized by being prepared from simple substance powder or alloy powder containing Al, Mg, B, Si, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cr, La, Mn, Ce, Zn, V and Zr, and the raw material components of the composite material have the chemical formula: al (Al)_aMg_bB_cM_dWherein a is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 96, b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 7, c is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 30, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 13, and M is one or more of elements of Si, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cr, La, Mn, Ce, Zn, V and Zr.

2. A method for preparing a powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized in that a method combining a powder metallurgy method and an in-situ reaction method is adopted, raw material powder is uniformly mixed and then is subjected to cold press molding, then a semi-finished product subjected to cold press molding is heated and subjected to hot pressing treatment under a protective atmosphere, so that the raw material powder is subjected to chemical reaction at the temperature of above 950 ℃, and AlMgB is self-generated in an aluminum alloy matrix₁₄The ceramic phase particles are used as a reinforcing phase, so that the aluminum matrix composite material is prepared.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method of the present invention is further described as follows:

(1) weighingraw material powder according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing the raw material powder, and placing the mixture into a forming die for cold forming, wherein the forming pressure is greater than or equal to 250 Mpa;

(2) placing the semi-finished product after cold press molding in a heating furnace with protective atmosphere, firstly carrying out hot pressing treatment at the temperature of 480-530 ℃, wherein the pressing pressure is 1GPa-1.6GPa, then heating to 950-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to prepare the powder metallurgy self-generated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.