WO2023125207A1 - 一种天线结构和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种天线结构和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023125207A1
WO2023125207A1 PCT/CN2022/140780 CN2022140780W WO2023125207A1 WO 2023125207 A1 WO2023125207 A1 WO 2023125207A1 CN 2022140780 W CN2022140780 W CN 2022140780W WO 2023125207 A1 WO2023125207 A1 WO 2023125207A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna unit
branch
antenna
electrically connected
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/140780
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱建锋
高式昌
王汉阳
周海
徐慧梁
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023125207A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023125207A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to an antenna structure and electronic equipment.
  • the communication frequency band of electronic equipment will appear in the third generation wireless systems (3G), the fourth generation wireless systems (4G), the fifth generation
  • 3G third generation wireless systems
  • 4G fourth generation wireless systems
  • 5G fifth generation
  • the number of antennas is increasing, the frequency band coverage is becoming wider and wider, and the mutual influence is becoming more and more serious.
  • coupling suppression between multiple antennas on electronic devices has become a top priority.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure including a first radiating patch, a second radiating patch, a third radiating patch, a fourth radiating patch, a fifth radiating patch and a fourth radiating patch arranged on a dielectric board in a PCB.
  • Six radiating patches using different feeding methods to enable the antenna structure to work in multiple same or different working frequency bands at the same time, and maintain good isolation, so that more numbers can be set in the increasingly compact internal space of electronic equipment Antenna structure, thereby improving user experience.
  • an antenna structure including: a printed circuit board PCB, including a first dielectric board, a second dielectric board, a third dielectric board, a first connector, a second connector and a third connector; An antenna unit and a second antenna unit; wherein, the second dielectric plate is disposed between the first dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate; a first radiator is disposed on the first dielectric plate, and the second dielectric plate Two radiators and a third radiator, the first radiator is arranged between the second radiator and the third radiator; a fourth radiator is arranged on the third dielectric plate, and a fifth radiator body and the sixth radiator, the fourth radiator is arranged between the fifth radiator and the sixth radiator; one end of the first connecting member and the first end of the first radiator Electrically connected, the other end of the first connector is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth radiator; one end of the second connector is electrically connected to the first end of the second radiator, the The other end of the second connector is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth radiator
  • the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the sixth radiator; the projections of the first radiator and the fourth radiator in the first direction at least partially overlap, and the second radiator and the fifth radiator.
  • the projections of the radiator in the first direction are at least partially coincident, the projections of the third radiator and the sixth radiator in the first direction are at least partially coincident, and the first direction is perpendicular to the first dielectric plate.
  • the second dielectric plate is provided with a seventh radiator, and the first end of the seventh radiator is electrically connected to the first connector;
  • the first antenna unit includes a first feeding point and a first Two feed points, the first feed point is set on the first radiator, and the second feed point is set on the fourth radiator; the electrical signal of the first feed point and The phase difference of the electrical signal of the second feeding point is (180° ⁇ 45°);
  • the second antenna unit includes a third feeding point, and the third feeding point is arranged on the seventh radiator .
  • the first antenna unit feeds the phase difference (180° ⁇ 45°) through the first feed point set on the first radiator and the second feed point set on the fourth radiator electrical signals to produce radiated electromagnetic waves.
  • the second radiator, the third radiator, the fifth radiator and the sixth radiator serve as parasitic branches and are used to expand the working bandwidth of the first antenna unit.
  • the second antenna unit is fed with electrical signals through the third feeding point provided on the seventh radiator to generate radiated electromagnetic waves.
  • the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit use different feeding methods to make the polarization of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit and the polarization of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit orthogonal to reduce the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.
  • the mutual coupling between the second antenna units improves the isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.
  • the antenna structure further includes a third antenna unit; the third antenna unit includes a fourth feeding point and a fifth feeding point, and the fourth The feed point and the fifth feed point are located on the feed branch provided on the second dielectric board, the first end of the feed branch is electrically connected to the first position of the second connecting member, and the The second end of the feeding stub is electrically connected to the second position of the third connector; the phase difference between the electrical signal at the first position and the electrical signal at the second position is (180° ⁇ 45°).
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit use different feeding methods to make the polarization of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit and the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit
  • the polarization mode of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the third antenna unit and the polarization mode of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other, so as to reduce the mutual coupling between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, and improve the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit Isolation between the antenna element and the third antenna element.
  • the first antenna unit further includes a first feed source and a first feed member
  • the second antenna unit further includes a second feed source; the The first feed source is electrically connected to the first feed member; the first end of the first feed member is electrically connected to the first radiator at the first feed point; the first feed The second end of the component is electrically connected to the fourth radiator at the second feed point; the second feed is electrically connected to the seventh radiator at the third feed point.
  • the current on the first radiator and the current on the fourth radiator oppose each other along the second direction That is, the second direction is the extension direction of the first radiator.
  • the second direction is the extension direction of the first radiator.
  • the direction of the electric field is directed from the fourth radiator to the first radiator, for example, in the z direction, Therefore, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit is the same as the direction of the electric field, which is the z direction.
  • the second antenna unit forms a dipole antenna, and its electric field is in the same direction as the current. Therefore, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit is the same as the direction of the electric field, which is the x direction.
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit is the z direction
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit is the x direction. Therefore, the polarization direction of the first antenna element is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second antenna element, the mutual coupling between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is low, and the coupling between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is low. Has good isolation.
  • the third antenna unit includes a third feed source; the third feed source and the feed stub are connected between the fourth feed point and the The fifth feeding point is electrically connected.
  • the third feed source feeds power
  • the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator oppose each other along the second direction That is, the second direction is the extension direction of the first radiator.
  • the third antenna unit when the third feed source feeds power, the third antenna unit forms a similar dipole antenna, the extending direction of the radiator is the y direction, and the two ends of the radiator are bent toward the x direction.
  • the direction of the electric field is the same as that of the current, therefore, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the third antenna unit is the y direction. Since the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit is the z direction, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit is the x direction, and the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the third antenna unit is the y direction.
  • the polarization direction of the first antenna unit, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit and the polarization direction of the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other, between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit.
  • the mutual coupling is low, and there is good isolation between the first antenna element, the second antenna element and the third antenna element.
  • the third antenna unit further includes a balun, and the first end of the balun is electrically connected to the feeding stub at the fourth feeding point.
  • the second end of the balun is electrically connected to the feeding branch at the fifth feeding point, and the third end of the balun is electrically connected to the third feeding source.
  • the balun can be used to realize that when the third feed source feeds the electric signal at the fourth feed point, the phase difference between the electric signal at the first position and the electric signal at the second position (180° ⁇ 45°).
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the balun, and baluns with different structures can be selected according to different production or design requirements.
  • the second dielectric plate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other;
  • the seventh radiator includes a first branch, a second branch and The third branch;
  • the first branch and the third branch are arranged on the first surface, and the first end of the first branch is electrically connected to the first connecting member;
  • the first The second end of the branch and the first end of the third branch are opposite and do not touch each other, and form a first gap;
  • the second branch is arranged on the second surface, and the first end of the second branch end is electrically connected to the second end of the first branch, and the second end of the second branch is electrically connected to the first end of the third branch;
  • the feeding branch is arranged on the first surface , and pass through the first gap.
  • the extension direction of the seventh radiator is not parallel to the extension direction of the feeding branch, when the seventh radiator and the feeding branch are arranged on the same surface of the second dielectric board, the seventh radiator There will be intersections between the body and the feeder branch, and a short circuit will occur, making it impossible to transmit electrical signals.
  • the air bridge structure it is possible to avoid the intersection between the seventh radiator and the feeder branch, so as to ensure good transmission of electrical signals.
  • the third feeding point is set on the second branch.
  • the feeding branch includes a fourth branch, a fifth branch and a sixth branch; the first end of the fourth branch is connected to the second connecting member The second end of the sixth branch is electrically connected to the second position of the third connecting member; the first end of the fifth branch is opposite to the second end of the fourth branch and are not in contact with each other, the first end of the fifth branch is provided with at least one first protrusion, the second end of the fourth branch is provided with at least one first depression, and the at least one first protrusion There is a one-to-one correspondence between the at least one first concave portion and the at least one first convex portion and the at least one first concave portion form a second gap; the second end of the fifth branch is connected to the first The first ends of the six branches are in opposite and complementary contact, the second end of the fifth branch is provided with at least one second protrusion, the first end of the sixth branch is provided with at least one second depression, the The at least one second protrusion
  • the second slot and the third slot may be used to change the resonant frequency of the third antenna unit.
  • the resonant frequency of the third antenna element moves to high frequency.
  • the resonant frequency of the third antenna unit moves to a lower frequency.
  • the fourth feed point and the fifth feed point are arranged on the fifth branch.
  • the first connecting member includes at least one metal connecting post or metal connecting hole.
  • the metal connection post can be understood as that a through hole is provided on the dielectric plate between the first radiator and the fourth radiator, and metal is filled in the through hole to form the metal connection post.
  • the metal connection hole can be understood as that a through hole is provided on the dielectric plate between the first radiator and the fourth radiator, and a metal layer is provided on the inner wall of the through hole to form the metal connection hole. It should be understood that the metal connection post or the metal connection hole is a way to achieve a good electrical connection between the first radiator and the fourth radiator, and it can also be realized in other ways, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application .
  • the first radiator and the fourth radiator have the same shape.
  • the shapes of the first radiator and the fourth radiator may be the same, and the projections of the first radiator and the fourth radiator in the first direction at least coincide completely.
  • the shapes of the second radiator and the fifth radiator may be the same, and the projections of the second radiator and the fifth radiator in the first direction at least coincide completely.
  • the shapes of the third radiator and the sixth radiator may be the same, and the projections of the third radiator and the sixth radiator in the first direction at least coincide completely. It should be understood that as the symmetry of the antenna structure increases, the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure can be improved.
  • the PCB is provided with a metal layer; the metal layer is connected to the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator, The projections of the fourth radiator, the fifth radiator and the sixth radiator in the first direction do not coincide.
  • multiple electronic components and circuits of electronic equipment can also be arranged on the PCB.
  • the antenna structure can be arranged at the edge of the PCB. , to avoid the interference of electronic components and circuits on the antenna structure.
  • an electronic device including the antenna structure described in any one of the first aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile communication system applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when feeding power from the first feed point and the second feed point provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when the third feeding point is fed according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 10 is a simulation result diagram of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 11 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is fed by a first feed source.
  • FIG. 12 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a third antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh radiator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding stub provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when fed by the fourth feed point of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 18 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 19 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 20 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 21 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 22 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is fed by a third feed source.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 25 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 26 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 is fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 27 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 28 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 is fed by a third feed source.
  • FIG. 29 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of a cross section along the x direction of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 31 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 32 is a graph showing the simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 33 is a corresponding directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 when fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 34 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 35 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 is fed by a third feed source.
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application including a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit.
  • FIG. 37 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 .
  • FIG. 38 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 .
  • FIG. 39 is a corresponding directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 when fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 40 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 is fed by a third feed source.
  • Fig. 41 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application including the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit.
  • Fig. 42 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 41 .
  • FIG. 43 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 .
  • FIG. 44 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 is fed by the second feed source.
  • FIG. 45 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 is fed by a third feed source.
  • Coupling It can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection” can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection”, which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires, etc.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the form of connection between physical lines that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling” can be understood as the electrical conduction of two conductors through a space/non-contact method.
  • the indirect coupling may also be called capacitive coupling, for example, the equivalent capacitance is formed through the coupling between the gaps between two conductive elements to realize signal transmission.
  • Connection/connection it can refer to a mechanical connection or a physical connection, for example, the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, Or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to be separated.
  • fastening components such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.
  • Relative/relative setting The relative setting of A and B can refer to the setting of A and B face to face (opposite to, or face to face).
  • Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitive elements; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.
  • Resonance frequency is also called resonance frequency.
  • the resonant frequency may refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the input impedance of the antenna is zero.
  • the resonance frequency may have a frequency range, ie, a frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest point of resonance is the center frequency - point frequency.
  • the return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB.
  • Resonant frequency band/communication frequency band/working frequency band No matter what type of antenna, it always works within a certain frequency range (frequency band width).
  • the working frequency band of the antenna supporting the B40 frequency band includes frequencies in the range of 2300 MHz to 2400 MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band.
  • the frequency range that meets the requirements of the index can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • Electrical length It can refer to the ratio of the physical length (ie mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the physical length of the radiator may be understood as ⁇ 10% of the electrical length of the radiator.
  • Wavelength or working wavelength, which can be the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the resonance frequency or the central frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna.
  • the working wavelength can be the wavelength calculated by using the frequency of 1955MHz.
  • the "operating wavelength” may also refer to the resonant frequency or the wavelength corresponding to the non-central frequency of the operating frequency band.
  • the middle (position) of the conductor may refer to a section of conductor including the midpoint on the conductor, and may be a section of one-eighth wavelength of the conductor including the midpoint of the conductor, wherein the wavelength may be corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • the wavelength may be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point.
  • the middle (position) of the conductor may refer to a portion of the conductor that is less than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1mm, 2mm, or 2.5mm) from the midpoint on the conductor.
  • Definitions such as collinear, coaxial, coplanar, symmetrical (for example, axisymmetric, or centrosymmetric, etc.), parallel, perpendicular, and identical (for example, the same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are for the current technological level, rather than an absolutely strict definition in the mathematical sense. There may be a deviation smaller than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) in the line width direction between two collinear radiation stubs or edges of two antenna elements.
  • a predetermined threshold for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm
  • a deviation smaller than a predetermined threshold for example, 1mm, 0.5m, or 0.1mm
  • a predetermined angle eg, ⁇ 5°, ⁇ 10°
  • Antenna system efficiency refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the port of the antenna.
  • Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated from the antenna to space (that is, the power that effectively converts the electromagnetic wave part) to the active power input to the antenna.
  • active power input to the antenna input power of the antenna ⁇ loss power;
  • the loss power mainly includes return loss power and metal ohmic loss power and/or dielectric loss power.
  • Radiation efficiency is a value to measure the radiation capability of an antenna, and metal loss and dielectric loss are both influencing factors of radiation efficiency.
  • the efficiency is generally represented by a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB, and the closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna is.
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit and the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the return loss of the antenna can be expressed by the S11 parameter, and the S11 is one of the S parameters.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which can characterize the quality of the antenna's emission efficiency.
  • the S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, and the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that the more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the S11 parameter The larger is, the greater the return loss of the antenna is, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna is.
  • the S11 value of -4dB is generally used as a standard.
  • the S11 value of the antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit include the same communication frequency band.
  • both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit serve as subunits in the MIMO antenna system.
  • both the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit include sub6G frequency band in 5G.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit includes B35 (1.85-1.91 GHz) in LTE
  • the working frequency band of the second antenna unit includes B39 (1.88-1.92 GHz) in LTE.
  • the proximity of the working frequency band mentioned in this application can be understood as:
  • the distance between the start frequency point of the higher frequency band and the end frequency point of the lower frequency band is less than 10% of the center frequency of the higher frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit includes B3 (1.71-1.785GHz) in LTE
  • the working frequency band of the second antenna unit includes L1 (1578.42 ⁇ 1.023MHz) in GPS
  • B3 (1.71-1.785GHz) and L1 ( 1578.42 ⁇ 1.023MHz) is an adjacent frequency band, it can be considered that the working frequency bands of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are adjacent.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit includes B40 (2.3-2.4GHz) in LTE
  • the working frequency band of the second antenna unit includes BT frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz), B40 (2.3-2.4GHz) and BT frequency band ( 2.4-2.485GHz) is an adjacent frequency band
  • B40 2.3-2.4GHz
  • BT frequency band 2.4-2.485GHz
  • the polarization direction of the antenna at a given point in space, the electric field strength E (vector) is a one-variable function of time t, and as time goes by, the vector endpoints periodically draw a trajectory in space. If the trajectory is vertical to the ground, it is called vertical polarization, and if it is horizontal to the ground, it is called horizontal polarization.
  • Ground can generally refer to at least a part of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or any combination of any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground components, etc.
  • ground can be used to ground components within electronic equipment.
  • the "ground” may be the ground layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, or the ground plane formed by the middle frame of the electronic device or the ground metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen.
  • the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer or 12-14 layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13 or 14 layers of conductive material, or a printed circuit board such as A dielectric or insulating layer, such as fiberglass, polymer, etc., that separates and electrically insulates components.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected through via holes.
  • components such as displays, touch screens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, system on chip (SoC) structures, etc. may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace and/or ground planes in the circuit board.
  • the radio frequency source is set on the wiring layer.
  • the conductive material can be any one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, Silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate sheets and aluminum-coated substrates.
  • the ground layer/ground plate/ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile communication system applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the mobile communication system 10 may include at least one network device 11, at least one customer premise equipment (customer premise equipment, CPE) 12 and at least one user equipment (user equipment, UE) 13.
  • FIG. 1 is only a schematic diagram.
  • the communication system may also include other network devices, such as wireless relay devices and wireless backhaul devices, which are not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the number and specific types of network devices and UEs included in the mobile communication system.
  • the UE13 in the embodiment of the present application may refer to a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, and the like.
  • the electronic device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., this
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • Functional handheld devices computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.
  • Bluetooth blue tooth
  • GSM global positioning system
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • LTE long term evolution
  • the network device 11 in the embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device, and the network device may be a network device (base transceiver station, BTS) in the GSM system or code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA) ), or a network device (nodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, or an evolved network device (evolutional nodeB, eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or the network device can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle Devices, wearable devices and network devices (new generation nodeB, gNB or gNodeB) in the future 5G network or network devices in the future evolved PLMN network, and subsequent support for the 3rd generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) Protocol versions of network devices and the like are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • NB network device
  • the CPE 12 may enable the user equipment 13 to network by receiving the cellular network signal sent by the network device 11 and transmitting the cellular network signal to the user equipment 13 .
  • the CPE 102 can convert the 2G/3G/4G/5G signal transmitted by the network device 11 into a WiFi signal, so as to enable the user equipment 103 to network.
  • a filter When adjacent antennas work in different frequency bands, in order to suppress cross-frequency interference, a filter will be connected to the rear end of the antenna to suppress out-of-band signals to improve isolation.
  • the filter performance requirements are very stringent in the case of high coupling.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the performance of this technology in practical applications is limited by factors such as the coupling between antennas and the surrounding environment of the antennas. Coupling between antenna elements can greatly degrade the performance of the final MIMO system. Therefore, for the same-frequency working scenario of the MIMO system, the coupling suppression between antennas is also very important.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure and electronic equipment.
  • the antenna structure includes a first radiating patch, a second radiating patch, a third radiating patch, a fourth radiating patch, and a
  • the fifth radiation patch and the sixth radiation patch use different feeding methods to enable the antenna structure to work in multiple same or different operating frequency bands at the same time, and maintain good isolation, so that in the increasingly compact internal space of electronic equipment A greater number of antenna structures are set in the system, thereby improving user experience.
  • FIG. 2 to 6 are schematic diagrams of the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the antenna structure 100 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna structure 100 along line A-A.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the antenna structure 100 .
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the antenna structure 100 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the antenna structure 100 includes a PCB 110 , and the PCB 110 includes a first dielectric board 111 , a second dielectric board 112 , a third dielectric board 113 , a first connector 121 , a second connector 122 and a third connector 123 .
  • the second dielectric board 112 is disposed between the first dielectric board 111 and the third dielectric board 113 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • a first radiator 131, a second radiator 132 and a third radiator 133 are arranged on the first dielectric plate 111, and the first radiator 131 is arranged between the second radiator 132 and the third radiator 133, as shown in FIG. 4 shown.
  • the third dielectric plate 113 is provided with a fourth radiator 134, a fifth radiator 135 and a sixth radiator 136, and the fourth radiator 134 is arranged between the fifth radiator 135 and the sixth radiator 136, as shown in FIG. 5 shown.
  • one end of the first connecting member 121 is electrically connected to the first end 1311 of the first radiator 131 , and the other end of the first connecting member 121 is electrically connected to the first end 1341 of the fourth radiator 134 .
  • One end of the second connecting member 122 is electrically connected to the first end 1321 of the second radiator 132 , and the other end of the second connecting member 122 is electrically connected to the first end 1351 of the fifth radiator 135 .
  • One end of the third connecting member 123 is electrically connected to the first end 1331 of the third radiator 133 , and the other end of the third connecting member 123 is electrically connected to the first end 1361 of the sixth radiator 136 .
  • the projections of the first radiator 131 and the fourth radiator 134 in the first direction are at least partially coincident.
  • the projections of the second radiator 132 and the fifth radiator 135 in the first direction are at least partially coincident.
  • the projections of the third radiator 133 and the sixth radiator 136 in the first direction are at least partially coincident.
  • the first direction is a direction perpendicular to any layer of the dielectric plates 111 - 113 , for example, in the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 2 , the first direction is the z direction.
  • the first end 1311 of the first radiator 131 cannot be interpreted as a point in a narrow sense, and it can also be considered that the first radiator 131 includes a first endpoint (the endpoint of the first radiator 131 can be the first endpoint). Any point on the edge of a radiator 131), for example, it can be considered that the first radiator 131 is a radiator within one sixteenth of the first wavelength from the first endpoint, or it can also be considered It is a radiator within 5mm from the first end point. Other first ends in the implementation of the present application can also be understood accordingly.
  • the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna structure 100, for example, the first wavelength may be the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point in the working frequency band, or may also be the working frequency band or the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the supported frequency band, Alternatively, the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band, for example, the first wavelength may be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency band.
  • a seventh radiator 137 is disposed on the second dielectric board 112 , and a first end 1371 of the seventh radiator 137 is electrically connected to the first connecting member 121 .
  • the seventh radiator 137 may be disposed between the first dielectric board 111 and the second dielectric board 112 , or may also be disposed between the second dielectric board 112 and the third dielectric board 113 .
  • the antenna structure 100 further includes a first antenna unit 101 and a second antenna unit 102 .
  • the first antenna unit 101 includes a first feed point 141 and a second feed point 142 , and the first feed point 141 and the second feed point 142 are used to feed the first antenna unit 110 .
  • the first feeding point 141 is arranged on the first radiator 131
  • the second feeding point 142 is arranged on the fourth radiator 134 .
  • the phase difference between the electric signal of the first feed point 141 and the electric signal of the second feed point 142 is (180° ⁇ 45°), so that the first antenna unit 101 adopts differential feed mode feed.
  • the second antenna unit 102 includes a third feeding point 143 for feeding the second antenna unit 102 , and the third feeding point 143 is arranged on the seventh radiator 137 .
  • the first antenna unit 101 includes a first radiator 131 , a second radiator 132 , a third radiator 133 , a fourth radiator 134 , a fifth radiator 135 and a sixth radiator 136 .
  • the first antenna unit 101 feeds electrical signals with a phase difference (180° ⁇ 45°) through the first feed point 141 provided on the first radiator 131 and the second feed point 142 provided on the fourth radiator 134, to produce radiated electromagnetic waves.
  • the second radiator 132 , the third radiator 133 , the fifth radiator 135 and the sixth radiator 136 serve as parasitic branches for expanding the working bandwidth of the first antenna unit.
  • the second antenna unit 102 includes a first radiator 131, a fourth radiator 134 and a seventh radiator 137.
  • the second antenna unit 102 is fed with electrical signals through the third feeding point 143 provided on the seventh radiator 137 to generate radiated electromagnetic waves.
  • the first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 use different feeding methods to make the polarization of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna unit 101 and the polarization of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna unit 102 orthogonal to reduce the second
  • the mutual coupling between the first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 improves the isolation between the first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 . For example, when the first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 work in the same working frequency band, or in the case of adjacent working frequency bands, good isolation can still be maintained.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit 101 and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit 102 are the same. In one embodiment, both the first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 are used as subunits in a MIMO antenna system, so that the antenna structure 100 can be applied in a MIMO system. In one embodiment, the working frequency band of the first antenna unit 101 and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit 102 may be different, and may be adjusted according to actual production or design.
  • the first antenna unit 101 may further include a first feed source and a first feed member 151 .
  • the first feed source is electrically connected to the first feed member 151, the first end of the first feed member 151 is electrically connected to the first radiator 131 at the first feed point 141, and the second end of the first feed member 151 It is electrically connected with the fourth radiator 134 at the second feeding point 142 .
  • the first feed source may be used to provide electrical signals to the first antenna unit, so that the first antenna unit generates radiation.
  • the second antenna unit 102 may further include a second feed source, the second feed source is electrically connected to the seventh radiator 137 at the third feed point 143, and the second feed source may be used for the second The antenna unit provides electrical signals to radiate the second antenna unit.
  • the first feed source and the second feed source may be different radio frequency channels in a radio frequency chip disposed inside the antenna structure 100 .
  • the radiators 131 - 136 are all strip-shaped branches. In one embodiment, any one of the radiators 131 - 136 may include a bending portion and/or a local widening portion, and/or a local narrowing portion. In one embodiment, the shapes of the first radiator 131 and the fourth radiator 134 may be the same, and the projections of the first radiator 131 and the fourth radiator 134 in the first direction coincide completely. In one embodiment, the shapes of the second radiator 132 and the fifth radiator 135 may be the same, and the projections of the second radiator 132 and the fifth radiator 135 in the first direction coincide completely.
  • the shapes of the third radiator 133 and the sixth radiator 136 may be the same, and the projections of the third radiator 133 and the sixth radiator 136 in the first direction coincide completely.
  • the first direction is a direction perpendicular to any layer of the dielectric plates 111 - 113 , for example, in the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 2 , the first direction is the z direction. It should be understood that as the symmetry of the antenna structure 100 increases, the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure can be improved.
  • the first connecting member 121 includes at least one metal connecting post or metal connecting hole.
  • the metal connection post can be understood as that a through hole is provided on the dielectric plate between the first radiator 131 and the fourth radiator 134 , and metal is filled in the through hole to form the metal connection post.
  • the metal connection hole can be understood as that a through hole is provided on the dielectric plate between the first radiator 131 and the fourth radiator 134 , and a metal layer is provided on the inner wall of the through hole to form the metal connection hole.
  • the metal connection post or the metal connection hole is a way to achieve a good electrical connection between the first radiator 131 and the fourth radiator 134, and it can also be realized in other ways, which is not the case in this embodiment of the present application. Do limit.
  • the second connecting piece 122 and the third connecting piece 123 may have the same structure as the first connecting piece 121, and the second connecting piece 122 and the third connecting piece 123 may include at least one metal connecting post or metal connecting hole .
  • the end of the seventh radiator 137 away from the first connecting member 131 may be provided with a bent portion 1372, and the bent portion 1372 may be used to extend the seventh radiator 137 in the extending direction (for example, the x direction).
  • the circuit path of the seventh radiator 137 is increased, so that the electrical length of the seventh radiator 137 remains unchanged and at the same time, the length of the seventh radiator 137 in the x direction is reduced.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of current distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when the first feed point and the second feed point feed power.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when the third feeding point feeds power.
  • the currents on the first radiator and the fourth radiator are reversely distributed.
  • the currents on the first radiator and the fourth radiator are anti-symmetrically distributed along the second direction (for example, the magnitude of the electric field is the same, but the phases are opposite) (the opposite phases may be, for example, a phase difference of 180°).
  • the second direction may be the extension direction of the first radiator, for example, the length direction. In the structure shown in FIG. 7 , the second direction may be the x direction.
  • the direction of the electric field is directed from the fourth radiator to the first radiator, for example, in the z direction. Therefore, the first antenna unit
  • the polarization direction of the radiated electromagnetic wave is the same as the direction of the electric field, which is the z direction.
  • the current on the first radiator and the current on the seventh radiator are distributed in the same direction.
  • the current on the first radiator and the current on the seventh radiator flow along the second direction, wherein the current flowing along the second direction can be understood as the main part of the current (greater than 50%) along the second direction.
  • the second antenna unit When the third feeding point feeds power, the second antenna unit forms a dipole-like antenna, and its electric field is in the same direction as the current. Therefore, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit is the same as the direction of the electric field, as x-direction.
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit is the z direction
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit is the x direction. Therefore, the polarization direction of the first antenna element is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second antenna element, the mutual coupling between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is low, and the coupling between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is low. Has good isolation.
  • the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit can simultaneously work in the same working frequency band, or adjacent working frequency bands, and maintain good radiation characteristics.
  • FIG. 9 to 12 are diagrams of simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 9 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 10 is a simulation result diagram of the system efficiency (total efficiency) of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 11 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is fed by a first feed source.
  • FIG. 12 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is fed by a second feed source.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the first antenna unit is 2.42 GHz-2.55 GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the second antenna unit is 2.33GHz-2.72GHz.
  • the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have good resonance bandwidth and can be applied to multiple operating frequency bands, for example, WiFi frequency band, BT frequency band and so on.
  • the isolation (S12) between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is less than -34dB. Due to the good isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit may include the same frequency band, for example, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit It may be an antenna subunit in a MIMO system.
  • both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have good system efficiency, as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the first antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 2.1 dBi.
  • the second antenna element has an omnidirectional pattern in the yoz plane, and its maximum gain is 2.3dBi.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure 100 may further include a feeding stub 160 , and the feeding stub 160 may be disposed on the second dielectric board 112 .
  • the first end of the feeding stub 160 is electrically connected to the first position 1221 of the second connecting member 122
  • the second end of the feeding stub 160 is electrically connected to the second position 1231 of the third connecting member 123 .
  • the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 13 has a feeding stub 160 added thereto.
  • the antenna structure 100 may include a third antenna unit (the third antenna unit 103 shown in FIG. 14 ).
  • the third antenna unit may include a second radiator 132 , a third radiator 133 , a fifth radiator 135 and a sixth radiator 136 .
  • the feeding stub 160 feeds electrical signals into the third antenna unit, so that the second radiator 132 , the third radiator 133 , the fifth radiator 135 and the sixth radiator 136 generate radiation.
  • the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 13 has a third antenna unit added, so that the antenna structure can increase the number of antennas while the structure size remains unchanged, so as to meet the increasing The needs of the communication frequency band.
  • the third antenna unit 103 may further include a fourth feed point 144 and a fifth feed point 145.
  • the fourth feed point 144 and the fifth feed point 145 are used to feed the third antenna unit 103. incoming signal.
  • the fourth feed point 144 and the fifth feed point 145 are located on the feed stub 160 .
  • the phase difference between the electrical signal at the first position 1221 and the electrical signal at the second position 1231 is (180° ⁇ 45°).
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit use different feeding methods to make the polarization of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit and the polarization of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit
  • the polarization modes of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the mode and the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other, so as to reduce the mutual coupling between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, and improve the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the
  • the isolation between the third antenna unit for example, when the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit can work in the same operating frequency band, or in the case of adjacent operating frequency bands, it can still be kept good isolation.
  • the third antenna unit 103 may further include a third feed source, the third feed source is electrically connected to the feed stub 160 at the fourth feed point 144 and the fifth feed point 145, the third feed source It can be used to provide electrical signals to the third antenna unit, so that the third antenna unit can generate radiation.
  • the second dielectric plate 112 includes a first surface 1121 and a second surface 1122 disposed opposite to each other, as shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the seventh radiator 137 includes a first branch 1373 , a second branch 1374 and a third branch 1375 . Wherein, the first branch 1373 and the third branch 1375 are disposed on the first surface 1121 .
  • the first end of the first branch 1373 is electrically connected to the first connecting member 121 , the second end of the first branch 1373 and the first end of the third branch 1375 are opposite and not in contact with each other, and form the first gap 171 .
  • the second branch 1374 is disposed on the second surface 1122, the first end of the second branch 1374 is electrically connected to the second end of the first branch 1373, the second end of the second branch 1374 is connected to the first end of the third branch 1375 electrical connection.
  • the feeding stub 160 is disposed on the first surface 1121 and passes through the first gap 171 . It should be understood that since the extension direction of the seventh radiator 137 is not parallel to the extension direction of the feeding branch 160, when the seventh radiator 137 and the feeding branch 160 are arranged on the same surface of the second dielectric plate 112, the seventh radiator 137 and the feeder stub 160 will have an intersection, and a short circuit will occur, making it impossible to transmit electrical signals. Through the air bridge structure shown in FIG. 15 , the intersection between the seventh radiator 137 and the feeding branch 160 can be avoided, ensuring good transmission of electrical signals.
  • the first surface 1121 may be a surface of the second dielectric plate 112 close to the first dielectric plate 111, or a surface far away from the first dielectric plate, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. Adjust according to actual production or design needs.
  • the third feeding point 143 of the second antenna unit may be disposed on the second branch 1374 of the seventh radiator 137 .
  • the first end of the second branch 1374 can be electrically connected to the second end of the first branch 1373 through a metal connection post or a metal connection hole.
  • the second end of the second branch 1374 can be electrically connected to the first end of the third branch 1375 through a metal connection post or a metal connection hole.
  • the feeding stub 160 includes a fourth stub 161 , a fifth stub 162 and a sixth stub 163 , as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the first end of the fourth branch 161 is electrically connected to the first position 1221 of the second connecting member, and the second end of the sixth branch 163 is electrically connected to the second position 1231 of the third connecting member.
  • the first end of the fifth branch 162 is opposite to the second end of the fourth branch 161 without touching each other.
  • the first end of the fifth branch 162 is provided with at least one first protrusion
  • the second end of the fourth branch 161 is provided with at least one first depression, at least one first protrusion and at least one first depression.
  • At least one first protrusion and at least one first depression form a second gap 172 .
  • the second end of the fifth branch 162 is opposite to and in complementary contact with the first end of the sixth branch 163 .
  • the second end of the fifth branch 152 is provided with at least one second protrusion
  • the first end of the sixth branch 163 is provided with at least one second depression
  • at least one second protrusion and at least one second depression form a third gap 173 .
  • the second slot 172 and the third slot 173 can be used to change the resonance frequency of the third antenna unit.
  • the resonant frequency of the third antenna element moves to high frequency.
  • the resonant frequency of the third antenna unit moves to a lower frequency.
  • the fourth feeding point 144 and the fifth feeding point 145 of the third antenna unit may be disposed on the fifth branch 162 of the feeding branch 160 .
  • the third antenna unit further includes a balun 181, as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the first end of the balun 181 is electrically connected to the feeding branch at the fourth feeding point 144
  • the second end of the balun 181 is electrically connected to the feeding branch at the fifth feeding point 145
  • the third end of the balun 181 is electrically connected to the feeding branch at the fifth feeding point 145.
  • the third feed is electrically connected.
  • the balun 181 can be used to realize that when the third feed source feeds electrical signals at the fourth feed point 144 and the fifth feed point 145, the electrical signal at the fourth feed point 144 and the fifth feed point
  • the electrical signals at 145 are out of phase by (180° ⁇ 45°), so that the electrical signals at the first location 1221 and the electrical signals at the second location 1231 are out of phase (180° ⁇ 45°).
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the balun, and baluns with different structures can be selected according to different production or design requirements.
  • the balun is used to realize the feeding of the third antenna unit.
  • the phases of the electrical signal at the first position 1221 and the electrical signal at the second position 1231 can be realized in other ways.
  • the phase difference (180° ⁇ 45°) has achieved the same technical effect, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and can be adjusted according to actual production or design needs.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when fed by the fourth feed point of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator follow the second
  • the directions are distributed anti-symmetrically (for example, the magnitude of the electric field is the same, but the phases are opposite) (the opposite phases can be, for example, the phases are different by 180°).
  • the current on the second radiator flows in the same direction as the current on the fifth radiator, and the current on the third radiator flows in the same direction as the current on the sixth radiator.
  • the third antenna unit forms a dipole antenna, and its radiator extends in the y direction, and the two ends of the radiator are bent in the x direction, and its electric field is in the same direction as the current , therefore, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the third antenna unit is the y direction.
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna unit is the z direction
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second antenna unit is the x direction
  • the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the third antenna unit is the y direction. Therefore, the polarization direction of the first antenna unit, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit and the polarization direction of the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other, between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit
  • the mutual coupling is low, and there is good isolation between the first antenna element, the second antenna element and the third antenna element.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit can be simultaneously operated in the same operating frequency band, or adjacent operating frequency bands, while maintaining good radiation characteristics.
  • FIG. 18 to 22 are diagrams of simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 18 is an S-parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 19 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 20 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 21 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 22 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is fed by a third feed source.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the first antenna unit is 2.38 GHz-2.51 GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the second antenna unit is 2.27GHz-2.64GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the third antenna unit is 2.35GHz-2.55GHz.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good resonance bandwidth and can be applied to multiple operating frequency bands, for example, WiFi frequency band, BT frequency band and so on.
  • the polarization direction of the first antenna unit, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, there is good isolation between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, and in the resonant frequency band, the isolation between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit ( S12, S13, S23) are less than -29dB.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit, the working frequency band of the second antenna unit and the working frequency band of the third antenna unit can include the same Frequency bands, for example, the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit may be antenna sub-units in a MIMO system.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit shown in Figure 18 all have good system Efficiency (all greater than 85%), as shown in Table 2 below.
  • the first antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 1.9 dBi.
  • the second antenna element has an omnidirectional pattern in the yoz plane, and its maximum gain is 2.8dBi.
  • the third antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 2.4dBi.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 23 is identical in structure. The difference is that on the basis of the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 13 , the relevant parameters of the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit (for example, the size of the radiator, the size of the feeding structure, etc.) are adjusted, so that the resonance of the second antenna unit
  • the frequency band and the resonant frequency band of the third antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the resonant frequency band of the first antenna unit, so that the working frequency band of the first antenna unit, the working frequency band of the second antenna unit and the working frequency band of the third antenna unit include different communication frequency bands, so that the antenna structure 100 can work in three different communication frequency bands at the same time.
  • FIG. 24 to FIG. 28 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 24 is an S parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 25 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 26 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 is fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 27 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 28 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 23 is fed by a third feed source.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the first antenna unit is 2.25GHz-2.44GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the second antenna unit is 2.38GHz-2.51GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the third antenna unit is 2.48GHz-2.67GHz.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good resonant bandwidth and can be respectively applied to multiple different working frequency bands.
  • the polarization direction of the first antenna unit, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, there is good isolation between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, and in the resonant frequency band, the isolation between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit ( S12, S13, S23) are less than -29dB.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit shown in Figure 24 all have good system Efficiency, as shown in Table 3 below.
  • the first antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 3.0 dBi.
  • the second antenna element has an omnidirectional pattern in the yoz plane with a maximum gain of -0.9dBi.
  • the third antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 2.2dBi.
  • FIG. 29 and FIG. 30 are schematic diagrams of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the antenna structure 100 .
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of the antenna structure 100 along the x-direction.
  • the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 29 is exactly the same in structure. The difference is that a metal layer is added to the PCB in the antenna structure 100 .
  • the antenna structure 100 may further include a metal layer 180, and the metal layer 180 may serve as a floor of the antenna structure.
  • the metal layer 180 can be disposed on any dielectric board in the PCB 110.
  • the embodiment of the present application only takes the metal layer 180 on the second dielectric board 112 as an example for illustration.
  • the metal layer 180 may also be located on the first dielectric board 111, the third dielectric board 113, or other dielectric boards, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the metal layer 180 and the first radiator 131, the second radiator 132, the third radiator 133, the fourth radiator 134, the fifth radiator 135 and the sixth radiator 136 are in the first direction (z direction)
  • the projections are not coincident. It should be understood that in practical applications, multiple electronic components and circuits of electronic equipment can also be arranged on the PCB 110. In order to ensure that the antenna structure 100 has a good radiation environment, the antenna structure 100 can be arranged at the edge of the PCB 110 to avoid electronic components And the interference of the circuit to the antenna structure.
  • the second end of the seventh radiator 137 may be electrically connected to the metal layer 180 , as shown in FIG. 30 , to reduce the length of the seventh radiator 137 .
  • the second branch 1374 of the seventh radiator may be electrically connected to the metal layer 180 .
  • the second antenna unit can use the metal layer 180 as a floor to generate radiation, thereby extending the resonance bandwidth.
  • FIG. 31 to 35 are diagrams showing simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 31 is an S parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 32 is a graph showing the simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 33 is a corresponding directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 when fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 34 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 is fed by a second feed source.
  • FIG. 35 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 29 is fed by a third feed source.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the first antenna unit is 2.41GHz-2.56GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the second antenna unit is 1.48GHz-2.63GHz.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the third antenna unit is 2.41GHz-3.25GHz.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good resonance bandwidth and can be applied to multiple communication frequency bands.
  • the polarization direction of the first antenna unit, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, there is good isolation between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, and in the resonant frequency band, the isolation between the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit ( S12, S13, S23) are less than -27dB.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit, the working frequency band of the second antenna unit and the working frequency band of the third antenna unit can include the same Frequency bands, for example, the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit may be antenna sub-units in a MIMO system.
  • the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit shown in Figure 31 all have good system Efficiency, as shown in Table 4 below.
  • the first antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 1.9 dBi.
  • the second antenna element has an omnidirectional pattern in the yoz plane with a maximum gain of 2.4dBi.
  • the third antenna element has an omnidirectional pattern in the yoz plane, and its maximum gain is 4.2dBi.
  • the polarization direction of the second antenna unit is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the third antenna unit, the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit There is good isolation between the unit and the third antenna unit. Therefore, the first antenna unit, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit can be combined arbitrarily, and good isolation between the antenna units can be ensured.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 it is shown that the antenna structure includes a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit.
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna structure 100 including a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit.
  • the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 36 only includes the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit.
  • Only the first feed source of the first antenna unit and the third feed source of the third antenna unit are provided in the antenna structure 100 .
  • FIG. 37 to 40 are diagrams of simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 .
  • FIG. 37 is an S parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 .
  • FIG. 38 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 .
  • FIG. 39 is a corresponding directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 when fed by the first feed source.
  • FIG. 40 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 36 is fed by a third feed source.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the first antenna unit is 2.43GHz-2.56GHz.
  • the return loss (S33) of the third antenna unit is 2.39GHz-2.60GHz.
  • the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good resonance bandwidth, and the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit can be applied to multiple communication frequency bands.
  • the isolation degree, in the resonant frequency band, the isolation degree (S13) between the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit is less than -33dB. Due to the good isolation between the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit, the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the third antenna unit may include the same frequency band, for example, the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit It may be an antenna subunit in a MIMO system.
  • the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good system efficiency (both greater than 70%), as shown in the following table 5.
  • FIG. 39 and FIG. 40 they are the directional diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the first antenna unit and the directional diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the third antenna unit, respectively.
  • the first antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 2.0 dBi.
  • the third antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 2.5 dBi.
  • FIG. 41 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna structure 100 including the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit.
  • the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 41 only includes the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit.
  • the radiator in the antenna structure 100 includes a first radiator 131, The second radiator 132 , the third radiator 133 , the fourth radiator 134 , the fifth radiator 135 , the sixth radiator 136 and the seventh radiator 137 . Only the second feed source of the second antenna unit and the third feed source of the third antenna unit are provided in the antenna structure 100 .
  • FIG. 42 to FIG. 45 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 .
  • FIG. 42 is an S parameter diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 .
  • FIG. 43 is a graph showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 .
  • FIG. 44 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 is fed by the second feed source.
  • FIG. 45 is a corresponding directional diagram when the antenna structure shown in FIG. 41 is fed by a third feed source.
  • the resonant bandwidth of the second antenna unit is 2.40GHz-2.61GHz.
  • the return loss (S33) of the third antenna unit is 2.30GHz-2.68GHz.
  • the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good resonance bandwidth, and the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit can be applied to multiple communication frequency bands.
  • the isolation (S23) between the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit is less than -31dB. Due to the good isolation between the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, the working frequency band of the second antenna unit and the working frequency band of the third antenna unit may include the same frequency band, for example, the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit It may be an antenna subunit in a MIMO system.
  • both the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit have good system efficiency (both greater than 70%), as shown in the following table 6.
  • FIG. 44 and FIG. 45 they are the directional diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the second antenna unit and the directional diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the third antenna unit, respectively.
  • the second antenna element has an omnidirectional pattern in the yoz plane with a maximum gain of 2.7dBi.
  • the third antenna unit has an omnidirectional pattern with a maximum gain of 2.5dBi.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be in electrical or other forms.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种天线结构和电子设备，天线结构包括：印刷电路板PCB，PCB包括第一介质板，第二介质板，第三介质板，第二介质板设置于第一介质板和第三介质板之间。第一介质板上设置有第一辐射体，第二辐射体和第三辐射体，第三介质板上设置有第四辐射体，第五辐射体和第六辐射体。第一辐射体上设置有第一馈电点，第四辐射体上设置有第二馈电点，第一馈电点的电信号与第二馈电点的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)，以形成第一天线单元。第二介质板上设置有第七辐射体，第七辐射体上设置有第三馈电点，以形成第二天线单元。第一天线单元和第二天线单元的工作频段可以临近或同频，且具有高隔离度。

Description

一种天线结构和电子设备
本申请要求于2021年12月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111652231.7、申请名称为“一种天线结构和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种天线结构和电子设备。
背景技术
电子设备特别是手机产品，随着曲面屏柔性屏等关键技术的快速发展，工业设计(industrial design，ID)的轻薄化、极致屏占比已成为一种趋势，这种设计大大压缩了天线空间；同时，电子设备的一些功能如拍摄需求越来越高，导致摄像头数量和体积逐渐增加，加大了整机天线设计的复杂度；在这种环境下，设计多输入多输出(multi-input multi-output，MIMO)天线系统一般会出现空间不足，或者在紧凑空间采用传统设计导致系统隔离度或封包相关系数(envelope correlation coefficient，ECC)不佳，难以满足通信频段的性能需求。当前状态下，电子设备的通信频段在很长时间内还将出现第三代移动通信技术(3th generation wireless systems，3G)、第四代移动通信技术(4th generation wireless systems，4G)、第五代移动通信技术(5th generation wireless systems，5G)频段共存的局面，天线数量越来越多，频段覆盖越来越广，相互影响越来越严重。基于这些变化，电子设备上多天线之间的耦合抑制成为当务之急。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线结构包括设置在PCB中介质板上的第一辐射贴片，第二辐射贴片，第三辐射贴片，第四辐射贴片，第五辐射贴片和第六辐射贴片，利用不同的馈电方式使天线结构可以同时工作在多个相同或不同的工作频段，且保持良好的隔离度，以使在电子设备日益紧凑的内部空间中设置更多数量的天线结构，进而提升用户体验。
第一方面，提供了一种天线结构，包括：印刷电路板PCB，包括第一介质板，第二介质板，第三介质板，第一连接件，第二连接件和第三连接件；第一天线单元和第二天线单元；其中，所述第二介质板设置于所述第一介质板和所述第三介质板之间；所述第一介质板上设置有第一辐射体，第二辐射体和第三辐射体，所述第一辐射体设置在所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体之间；所述第三介质板上设置有第四辐射体，第五辐射体和第六辐射体，所述第四辐射体设置在所述第五辐射体和所述第六辐射体之间；所述第一连接件的一端与所述第一辐射体的第一端电连接，所述第一连接件的另一端与所述第四辐射体的第一端电连接；所述第二连接件的一端与所述第二辐射体的第一端电连接，所述第二连接件的另一端与所述第五辐射体的第一端电连接；所述第三连接件的一端与所述第三辐射体的第一端电连接，所述第三连接件的另一端与所述第六辐射体的第一端电连接；所述第一辐射 体和所述第四辐射体在第一方向的投影至少部分重合，所述第二辐射体和所述第五辐射体在第一方向的投影至少部分重合，所述第三辐射体和所述第六辐射体在第一方向的投影至少部分重合，所述第一方向为垂直于所述第一介质板的方向；所述第二介质板上设置有第七辐射体，所述第七辐射体的第一端与所述第一连接件电连接；所述第一天线单元包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点，所述第一馈电点设置在所述第一辐射体上，所述第二馈电点设置在所述第四辐射体上；所述第一馈电点的电信号与所述第二馈电点的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)；所述第二天线单元包括第三馈电点，所述第三馈电点设置在所述第七辐射体上。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第一天线单元通过第一辐射体上设置的第一馈电点和第四辐射体上设置的第二馈电点馈入相位相差(180°±45°)的电信号，以产生辐射的电磁波。第二辐射体，第三辐射体，第五辐射体和第六辐射体作为寄生枝节，用于拓展第一天线单元的工作带宽。第二天线单元通过第七辐射体上设置的第三馈电点馈入电信号，以产生辐射的电磁波。第一天线单元和第二天线单元通过不同的馈电方式，使第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式和第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式正交，以减少第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的相互耦合，提升第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的隔离度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线结构还包括第三天线单元；所述第三天线单元包括第四馈电点和第五馈电点，所述第四馈电点和所述第五馈电点位于所述第二介质板上设置的馈电枝节上，所述馈电枝节的第一端与所述第二连接件的第一位置电连接，所述馈电枝节的第二端与所述第三连接件的第二位置电连接；所述第一位置的电信号与所述第二位置的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元通过不同的馈电方式，使第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式和第三天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式相互正交，以减少第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的相互耦合，提升第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一天线单元还包括第一馈源和第一馈电件，所述第二天线单元还包括第二馈源；所述第一馈源与所述第一馈电件电连接；所述第一馈电件的第一端与所述第一辐射体在所述第一馈电点电连接；所述第一馈电件的第二端与所述第四辐射体在所述第二馈电点电连接；所述第二馈源与所述第七辐射体在所述第三馈电点电连接。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一馈源馈电时，所述第一辐射体上的电流和所述第四辐射体上的电流沿第二方向反对称，所述第二方向为所述第一辐射体的延伸方向。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二馈源馈电时，所述第一辐射体上的电流和所述第七辐射体上的电流沿第二方向流动，所述第二方向为所述第一辐射体的延伸方向。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，当第一辐射体和第四辐射体上的电流沿第二方向呈反对称分布，其电场方向由第四辐射体指向第一辐射体，例如，z方向，因此，第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向与电场方向相同，为z方向。当第三馈电点馈电时，第二天线单元形成类似偶极子天线，其电场与电流方向相同，因此，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的 极化方向与电场方向相同，为x方向。由于第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为z方向，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为x方向。因此，第一天线单元的极化方向与第二天线单元的极化方向正交，第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的相互耦合较低，第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三天线单元包括第三馈源；所述第三馈源与所述馈电枝节在所述第四馈电点和所述第五馈电点电连接。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三馈源馈电时，所述第二辐射体上的电流和所述第三辐射体上的电流沿第二方向反对称，所述第二方向为所述第一辐射体的延伸方向。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，当第三馈源馈电时，第三天线单元形成类似偶极子天线，其辐射体延伸方向为y方向，辐射体的两端向x方向弯折，其电场与电流方向相同，因此，第三天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为y方向。由于第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为z方向，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为x方向，第三天线单元辐射的电磁波的方向为y方向。因此，第一天线单元的极化方向，第二天线单元的极化方向正交与第三天线单元的极化方向相互正交，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的相互耦合较低，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三天线单元还包括巴伦，所述巴伦的第一端与所述馈电枝节在所述第四馈电点电连接，所述巴伦的第二端与所述馈电枝节在所述第五馈电点电连接，所述巴伦的第三端与所述第三馈源电连接。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，巴伦可以用于实现第三馈源在第四馈电点馈入电信号时，第一位置的电信号和第二位置的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)。本申请实施例并不限制巴伦的结构，可以根据不同的生产或设计需求选取不同结构的巴伦。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二介质板包括相向设置的第一表面和第二表面；所述第七辐射体包括第一枝节，第二枝节和第三枝节；所述第一枝节和所述第三枝节设置于所述第一表面，所述第一枝节的第一端与所述第一连接件电连接；所述第一枝节的第二端和所述第三枝节的第一端相对且互不接触，并形成第一缝隙；所述第二枝节设置于所述第二表面，所述第二枝节的第一端与所述第一枝节的第二端电连接，所述第二枝节的第二端与所述第三枝节的第一端电连接；所述馈电枝节设置于所述第一表面，并穿过所述第一缝隙。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，由于第七辐射体的延伸方向与馈电枝节的延伸方向不平行，当第七辐射体和馈电枝节设置于第二介质板的相同表面时，第七辐射体和馈电枝节会出现交叉部分，出现短路的情况，无法进行电信号的传输。通过空气桥结构，可以避免第七辐射体和馈电枝节会出现交叉部分，保证电信号的良好传输。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三馈电点设置于所述第二枝节上。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述馈电枝节包括第四枝节，第五枝节和第六枝节；所述第四枝节的第一端与所述第二连接件的第一位置电连接；所述第六枝节的第二端与所述第三连接件的第二位置电连接；所述第五枝节的第一端与所述第四枝节的第二端相对且互不接触，所述第五枝节的第一端设置有至少一个第一凸起部，所述第四 枝节的第二端设置有至少一个第一凹陷部，所述至少一个第一凸起部和所述至少一个第一凹陷部一一对应，所述至少一个第一凸起部和所述至少一个第一凹陷部形成第二缝隙；所述第五枝节的第二端与所述第六枝节的第一端相对且互补接触，所述第五枝节的第二端设置有至少一个第二凸起部，所述第六枝节的第一端设置有至少一个第二凹陷部，所述至少一个第二凸起部和所述至少一个第二凹陷部一一对应，所述至少一个第二凸起部和所述至少一个第二凹陷部形成第三缝隙。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第二缝隙和第三缝隙可以用于改变第三天线单元的谐振频率。例如，随着第二缝隙的宽度(第一凸起部和对应的第一凹陷部之间的距离)和第三缝隙的宽度(第二凸起部和对应的第二凹陷部之间的距离)的增加，第三天线单元的谐振频率向高频移动。随着第二缝隙的长度和第三缝隙的长度的增加，第三天线单元的谐振频率向低频移动。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第四馈电点和所述第五馈电点设置于所述第五枝节上。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一连接件包括至少一个金属连接柱或金属连接孔。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，金属连接柱可以理解为，在第一辐射体和第四辐射体之间的介质板上设置有通孔，在通孔内填充金属以形成金属连接柱。金属连接孔可以理解为，在第一辐射体和第四辐射体之间的介质板上设置有通孔，在通孔内壁设置有金属层以形成金属连接孔。应理解，金属连接柱或金属连接孔均是为了实现第一辐射体和第四辐射体之间良好电连接的一种方式，也可以通过其他方式实现，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一辐射体和所述第四辐射体的形状相同。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第一辐射体和第四辐射体的形状可以相同，第一辐射体和第四辐射体在第一方向的投影至少完全重合。在一个实施例中，第二辐射体和第五辐射体的形状可以相同，第二辐射体和第五辐射体在第一方向的投影至少完全重合。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体和第六辐射体的形状可以相同，第三辐射体和第六辐射体在第一方向的投影至少完全重合。应理解，随着天线结构的对称性的增加，可以提升天线结构的辐射特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述PCB设置有金属层；所述金属层与所述第一辐射体，所述第二辐射体，所述第三辐射体，所述第四辐射体，所述第五辐射体和所述第六辐射体在第一方向的投影不重合。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，在实际的应用中，PCB上还可以设置电子设备的多个电子元件以及电路，为保证天线结构具有良好的辐射环境，可以将天线结构设置于PCB的边沿处，避免电子元件及电路对天线结构的干扰。
第二方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括第一方面中任一项所述的天线结构。
附图说明
图1是适用于本申请实施例的移动通信系统的架构示意图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100的立体结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100沿A-A线的剖面图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100的俯视图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100的仰视图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100的结构示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的第一馈电点和第二馈电点馈电时的电流分布示意图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的第三馈电点馈电时的电流分布示意图。
图9是图2所示天线结构的S参数图。
图10是图2所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。
图11是图2所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图12是图2所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
图14是本申请实施例提供的第三天线单元的结构示意图。
图15是本申请实施例提供的第七辐射体的结构示意图。
图16是本申请实施例提供的馈电枝节的结构示意图。
图17是图13所示天线结构的第四馈电点馈电时的电流分布示意图。
图18是图13所示天线结构的S参数图。
图19是图13所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。
图20是图13所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图21是图13所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图22是图13所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图23是本申请实施例提供的又一种天线结构100的示意图。
图24是图23所示天线结构的S参数图。
图25是图23所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。
图26是图23所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图27是图23所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图28是图23所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图29是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100立体的示意图。
图30是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100沿x方向的横截面的示意图。
图31是图29所示天线结构的S参数图。
图32是图29所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。
图33是图29所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图34是图29所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图35是图29所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图36是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100包括第一天线单元和第二天线单元的结构示意图。
图37是图36所示天线结构的S参数图。
图38是图36所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。
图39是图36所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图40是图36所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图41是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100包括第二天线单元和第三天线单元的结构示意图。
图42是图41所示天线结构的S参数图。
图43是图41所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。
图44是图41所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
图45是图41所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本申请实施例可能出现的术语进行解释。
耦合：可理解为直接耦合和/或间接耦合，“耦合连接”可理解为直接耦合连接和/或间接耦合连接。直接耦合又可以称为“电连接”，理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；“间接耦合”可理解为两个导体通过隔空/不接触的方式电导通。在一个实施例中，间接耦合也可以称为电容耦合，例如通过两个导电件间隔的间隙之间的耦合形成等效电容来实现信号传输。
连接/相连：可以指一种机械连接关系或物理连接关系，例如，A与B连接或A与B相连可以指，A与B之间存在紧固的构件(如螺钉、螺栓、铆钉等)，或者A与B相互接触且A与B难以被分离。
接通：通过以上“电连接”或“间接耦合”的方式使得两个或两个以上的元器件之间导通或连通来进行信号/能量传输，都可称为接通。
相对/相对设置：A与B相对设置可以是指A与B面对面(opposite to,或是face to face)设置。
电容：可理解为集总电容和/或分布电容。集总电容指的是呈容性的元器件，例如电容元件；分布电容(或分布式电容)指的是两个导电件间隔一定间隙而形成的等效电容。
谐振/谐振频率：谐振频率又叫共振频率。谐振频率可以指天线输入阻抗虚部为零处的频率。谐振频率可以有一个频率范围，即，发生共振的频率范围。共振最强点对应的频率就是中心频率-点频率。中心频率的回波损耗特性可以小于-20dB。
谐振频段/通信频段/工作频段：无论何种类型的天线，总是在一定的频率范围(频段宽度)内工作。例如，支持B40频段的天线，其工作频段包括2300MHz～2400MHz范围内的频率，或者是说，该天线的工作频段包括B40频段。满足指标要求的频率范围可以看作天线的工作频段。
电长度：可以是指物理长度(即机械长度或几何长度)与所传输电磁波的波长之比，电长度可以满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022140780-appb-000001
其中，L为物理长度，λ为电磁波的波长。
在本申请的一些实施例中，辐射体的物理长度，可以理解为辐射体的电长度±10％。
波长：或者工作波长，可以是谐振频率的中心频率对应的波长或者天线所支持的工作频段的中心频率。例如，假设B1上行频段(谐振频率为1920MHz至1980MHz)的中心频率为1955MHz，那工作波长可以为利用1955MHz这个频率计算出来的波长。不限于中心频率，“工作波长”也可以是指谐振频率或工作频段的非中心频率对应的波长。
本申请实施例中提及的中间或中间位置等这类关于位置、距离的限定，均是针对当前 工艺水平而言的，而不是数学意义上绝对严格的定义。例如，导体的中间(位置)可以是指导体上包括中点的一段导体部分，可以是包括该导体中点的一段八分之一波长的导体部分，其中，波长可以是天线的工作频段对应的波长，可以是工作频段的中心频率对应的波长，或者，谐振点对应的波长。又例如，导体的中间(位置)可以是指导体上距离中点小于预定阈值(例如，1mm，2mm，或2.5mm)的一段导体部分。
本申请实施例中提及的共线、共轴、共面、对称(例如，轴对称、或中心对称等)、平行、垂直、相同(例如，长度相同、宽度相同等等)等这类限定，均是针对当前工艺水平而言的，而不是数学意义上绝对严格的定义。共线的两个辐射枝节或者两个天线单元的边缘之间在线宽方向上可以存在小于预定阈值(例如1mm，0.5m，或0.1mm)的偏差。共面的两个辐射枝节或者两个天线单元的边缘之间在垂直于其共面平面的方向上可以存在小于预定阈值(例如1mm，0.5m，或0.1mm)的偏差。相互平行或垂直的两个天线单元之间可以存在预定角度(例如±5°，±10°)的偏差。
天线系统效率(total efficiency)：指在天线的端口处输入功率与输出功率的比值。
天线辐射效率(radiation efficiency)：指天线向空间辐射出去的功率(即有效地转换电磁波部分的功率)和输入到天线的有功功率之比。其中，输入到天线的有功功率＝天线的输入功率-损耗功率；损耗功率主要包括回波损耗功率和金属的欧姆损耗功率和/或介质损耗功率。辐射效率是衡量天线辐射能力的值，金属损耗、介质损耗均是辐射效率的影响因素。
本领域技术人员可以理解，效率一般是用百分比来表示，其与dB之间存在相应的换算关系，效率越接近0dB，表征该天线的效率越优。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11属于S参数中的一种。S11表示反射系数，此参数能够表征天线发射效率的优劣。S11参数通常为负数，S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线本身反射回来的能量越小，也就是代表实际上进入天线的能量就越多，天线的系统效率越高；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的系统效率越低。
需要说明的是，工程上一般以S11值为-4dB作为标准，当天线的S11值小于-6dB时，可以认为该天线可正常工作，或可认为该天线的发射效率较好。
本申请实施例中提到的工作频段相同(也称为，同频)可以理解为下列情况中的任意一种：
第一天线单元的工作频段和第二天线单元的工作频段包括相同的通信频段。在一个实施例中，第一天线单元和第二天线单元均作为MIMO天线系统中的子单元。例如，第一天线单元的工作频段和第二天线单元的工作频段均包括5G中的sub6G频段。
第一天线单元的工作频段和第二天线单元的工作频段存在部分频率重合。例如，第一天线单元的工作频段包括LTE中的B35(1.85-1.91GHz)，第二天线单元的工作频段包括LTE中的B39(1.88-1.92GHz)。
本申请中提到的工作频段邻近可以理解为：
第一天线单元的工作频段和第二天线单元的工作频段中，较高频段的起始频点与较低 频段的结束频点之间的间距小于较高频段的中心频率的10％。例如，第一天线单元的工作频段包括LTE中的B3(1.71-1.785GHz)，第二天线单元的工作频段包括GPS中的L1(1578.42±1.023MHz)，B3(1.71-1.785GHz)和L1(1578.42±1.023MHz)是临近频段，则可以认为第一天线单元和第二天线单元的工作频段邻近。或者例如，第一天线单元的工作频段包括LTE中的B40(2.3-2.4GHz)，第二天线单元的工作频段包括BT频段(2.4-2.485GHz)，B40(2.3-2.4GHz)和BT频段(2.4-2.485GHz)是临近频段，则可以认为第一天线单元和第二天线单元的工作频段邻近。
天线的极化方向：在空间给定点上，电场强度E(矢量)是时间t的一元函数，随着时间的推移，矢量端点在空间周期性地描绘出轨迹。该轨迹直线垂直地面，称垂直极化，如果水平于地面，称水平极化。
地(地板)：可泛指电子设备(比如手机)内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地”可用于电子设备内元器件的接地。一个实施例中，“地”可以是电子设备的电路板的接地层，也可以是电子设备中框形成的接地板或屏幕下方的金属薄膜形成的接地金属层。一个实施例中，电路板可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如显示器、触摸屏、输入按钮、发射器、处理器、存储器、电池、充电电路、片上系统(system on chip，SoC)结构等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，射频源设置于走线层。
上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例的技术方案进行描述。
图1是适用于本申请实施例的移动通信系统的架构示意图。
如图1所示，该移动通信系统10可以包括至少一个网络设备11，至少一个客户前置设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)12和至少一个用户设备(user equipment，UE)13。图1只是示意图，该通信系统中还可以包括其它网络设备，如还可以包括无线中继设备和无线回传设备，在图1中未画出。本申请的实施例对该移动通信系统中包括的网络设备和UE的数量和具体类型不做限定。
本申请实施例中的UE13可以指手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能手环、智能手表、智能头盔、智能眼镜等。电子设备还可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助手(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备，5G网络中的电子设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的电子设备等，本申请实施例 对此并不限定。本申请实施例提供的技术方案适用于采用以下一种或多种通信技术的UE103：蓝牙(blue tooth，BT)通信技术、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)通信技术、全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等。
本申请实施例中的网络设备11可以是用于与终端设备通信的设备，该网络设备可以是GSM系统或码分多址(code division multiple access，CDMA)中的网络设备(base transceiver station，BTS)，也可以是WCDMA系统中的网络设备(nodeB，NB)，还可以是LTE系统中的演进型网络设备(evolutional nodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，或者该网络设备可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G网络中的网络设备(new generation nodeB，gNB或gNodeB)或者未来演进的PLMN网络中的网络设备，以及后续支持第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)协议版本的网络设备等，本申请实施例并不限定。
应理解，CPE12可以通过接收网络设备11发送的蜂窝网络信号，并将蜂窝网络信号传递给用户设备13，使用户设备13联网。例如，CPE102可以将网络设备11传输的2G/3G/4G/5G信号转换为WiFi信号，使用户设备103联网。
随着现今越来越多的通信标准被释放作为民用通信用途，单个电子设备所需要满足的通信标准也越来越多，相应的天线的数量也越来越多。通常，这些天线之间的工作频率越接近彼此、物理放置距离越接近，天线之间耦合就会越严重，隔离度就会越差。过低的隔离度会降低信道质量，恶化通信速率甚至导致无法正常工作。为了保证各个通信标准能够有效运行并且不互相干扰，天线之间的隔离是重中之重。
当相邻设置的天线工作在不同频段时，为了抑制异频干扰，会在天线后端连接滤波器来抑制带外的信号从而提高隔离度，但是此方法在天线的工作频段邻近，天线之间耦合很高的情况下对滤波器性能的要求非常苛刻。
当相邻设置的天线的工作频段包括相同的通信频段时，多个天线同时工作在相同频率下，该技术被称为多输入多输出(multi-input multi-output，MIMO)技术。该场景中，会有多个天线同时覆盖所需的通信频带，并且每个天线能够提供一个独立的信道。通过这种方法，理论上来说可以成倍的提高通信的信道容量。但是该技术在实际应用中的表现受限于天线之间的耦合以及天线周围环境等因素。天线单元之间的耦合会大大降低最终的MIMO系统的性能。所以对于MIMO系统这种同频工作场景来说，天线之间的耦合抑制也至关重要。
本申请实施例提供了一种天线结构和电子设备，天线结构包括设置在PCB中介质板上的第一辐射贴片，第二辐射贴片，第三辐射贴片，第四辐射贴片，第五辐射贴片和第六辐射贴片，利用不同的馈电方式使天线结构可以同时工作在多个相同或不同的工作频段，且保持良好的隔离度，以使在电子设备日益紧凑的内部空间中设置更多数量的天线结构，进而提升用户体验。
图2至图6是本申请实施例提供的天线结构100的示意图。其中，图2是天线结构100的立体结构示意图。图3是天线结构100沿A-A线的剖面图。图4是天线结构100的俯视图。图5是天线结构100的仰视图。图6是天线结构100的结构示意图。
如图2所示，天线结构100包括PCB110，PCB110包括第一介质板111，第二介质板112，第三介质板113，第一连接件121，第二连接件122和第三连接件123。
其中，第二介质板112设置于第一介质板111和第三介质板113之间，如图3所示。第一介质板111上设置有第一辐射体131，第二辐射体132和第三辐射体133，第一辐射体131设置在第二辐射体132和第三辐射体133之间，如图4所示。第三介质板113上设置有第四辐射体134，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136，第四辐射体134设置在第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136之间，如图5所示。
如图2所示，第一连接件121的一端与第一辐射体131的第一端1311电连接，第一连接件121的另一端与第四辐射体134的第一端1341电连接。第二连接件122的一端与第二辐射体132的第一端1321电连接，第二连接件122的另一端与第五辐射体135的第一端1351电连接。第三连接件123的一端与第三辐射体133的第一端1331电连接，第三连接件123的另一端与第六辐射体136的第一端1361电连接。第一辐射体131和第四辐射体134在第一方向的投影至少部分重合。第二辐射体132和第五辐射体135在第一方向的投影至少部分重合。第三辐射体133和第六辐射体136在第一方向的投影至少部分重合。其中，第一方向为垂直于介质板111～113中的任一层的方向，例如，在图2所示的天线结构100中，第一方向为z方向。
应理解，第一辐射体131的第一端1311并不能狭义的理解为一定是一个点，还可以认为是第一辐射体131上包括第一端点(第一辐射体131的端点可以是第一辐射体131的边缘上的任一点)的一段辐射体，例如，可以认为第一辐射体131是距离第一端点第一波长的十六分之一以内的辐射体，或者，也可以认为是距离第一端点5mm以内的辐射体。本申请实施中的其他第一端也可以相应理解。其中，第一波长为天线结构100的工作频段对应的波长，例如，第一波长可以是工作频段中谐振点对应的波长，或者，也可以是工作频段或所支持频段的中心频率对应的波长，或者，第一频段对应的波长，例如，第一波长可以是第一频段的中心频率对应的波长。
如图3所示，第二介质板112上设置有第七辐射体137，第七辐射体137的第一端1371与第一连接件121电连接。在一个实施例中，第七辐射体137可以设置于第一介质板111和第二介质板112之间，或者，也可以设置于第二介质板112和第三介质板113之间。
如图6所示，天线结构100还包括第一天线单元101和第二天线单元102。第一天线单元101包括第一馈电点141和第二馈电点142，第一馈电点141和第二馈电点142用于为第一天线单元110馈电。第一馈电点141设置在第一辐射体131上，第二馈电点142设置在第四辐射体134上。第一天线单元101工作时，第一馈电点141的电信号与第二馈电点142的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)，以使第一天线单元101采用差分馈电的方式馈电。第二天线单元102包括第三馈电点143，第三馈电点143用于为第二天线单元102馈电，第三馈电点143设置在第七辐射体137上。
应理解，第一天线单元101包括第一辐射体131，第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第四辐射体134，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136。第一天线单元101通过第一辐射体131上设置的第一馈电点141和第四辐射体134上设置的第二馈电点142馈入相位相差(180°±45°)的电信号，以产生辐射的电磁波。第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136作为寄生枝节，用于拓展第一天线单元的工作带宽。第二天线 单元102包括第一辐射体131，第四辐射体134和第七辐射体137。第二天线单元102通过第七辐射体137上设置的第三馈电点143馈入电信号，以产生辐射的电磁波。第一天线单元101和第二天线单元102通过不同的馈电方式，使第一天线单元101辐射的电磁波的极化方式和第二天线单元102辐射的电磁波的极化方式正交，以减少第一天线单元101和第二天线单元102之间的相互耦合，提升第一天线单元101和第二天线单元102之间的隔离度。例如，当第一天线单元101和第二天线单元102工作在相同的工作频段，或者，相邻的工作频段的情况下，依然可以保持良好的隔离度。
在一个实施例中，第一天线单元101的工作频段和第二天线单元102的工作频段相同。在一个实施例中，第一天线单元101和第二天线单元102均作为MIMO天线系统中的子单元，使天线结构100可以应用于MIMO系统中。在一个实施例中，第一天线单元101的工作频段和第二天线单元102的工作频段可以不同，可以根据实际的生产或设计进行调整。
在一个实施例中，第一天线单元101还可以包括第一馈源和第一馈电件151。第一馈源与第一馈电件151电连接，第一馈电件151的第一端与第一辐射体131在第一馈电点141电连接，第一馈电件151的第二端与第四辐射体134在第二馈电点142电连接。第一馈源可以用于为第一天线单元提供电信号，以使第一天线单元产生辐射。
在一个实施例中，第二天线单元102还可以包括第二馈源，第二馈源与第七辐射体137在第三馈电点143处电连接，第二馈源可以用于为第二天线单元提供电信号，以使第二天线单元产生辐射。
在一个实施例中，第一馈源和第二馈源可以是天线结构100内部设置的射频芯片中的不同的射频通道。
在一个实施例中，辐射体131～136均为条状枝节。在一个实施例中，辐射体131～136中的任一个可以包括弯折部和/或局部加宽部，和/或局部减窄部。在一个实施例中，第一辐射体131和第四辐射体134的形状可以相同，第一辐射体131和第四辐射体134在第一方向的投影完全重合。在一个实施例中，第二辐射体132和第五辐射体135的形状可以相同，第二辐射体132和第五辐射体135在第一方向的投影完全重合。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体133和第六辐射体136的形状可以相同，第三辐射体133和第六辐射体136在第一方向的投影完全重合。其中，第一方向为垂直于介质板111～113中的任一层的方向，例如，在图2所示的天线结构100中，第一方向为z方向。应理解，随着天线结构100的对称性的增加，可以提升天线结构的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第一连接件121包括至少一个金属连接柱或金属连接孔。其中，金属连接柱可以理解为，在第一辐射体131和第四辐射体134之间的介质板上设置有通孔，在通孔内填充金属以形成金属连接柱。金属连接孔可以理解为，在第一辐射体131和第四辐射体134之间的介质板上设置有通孔，在通孔内壁设置有金属层以形成金属连接孔。应理解，金属连接柱或金属连接孔均是为了实现第一辐射体131和第四辐射体134之间良好电连接的一种方式，也可以通过其他方式实现，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第二连接件122和第三连接件123可以与第一连接件121的结构相同，第二连接件122和第三连接件123可以包括至少一个金属连接柱或金属连接孔。
在一个实施例中，第七辐射体137远离以第一连接件131的一端可以设置有弯折部1372，弯折部1372可以用于在第七辐射体137在延伸方向(例如，x方向)长度不变的情 况下，增加第七辐射体137的电路路径，使第七辐射体137的电长度保持不变的同时减少第七辐射体137在x方向上的长度。
图7和图8是图2所示天线结构的电流分布示意图。其中，图7是第一馈电点和第二馈电点馈电时的电流分布示意图。图8是第三馈电点馈电时的电流分布示意图。
如图7所示，当第一馈源(第一馈电点和第二馈电点馈入电信号)馈电时，第一辐射体和第四辐射体上的电流反向分布。在一个实施例中，第一辐射体和第四辐射体上的电流沿第二方向呈反对称分布(例如，电场幅度相同，相位相反)(相位相反可例如相位相差180°)。其中，在一个实施例中，第二方向可以是第一辐射体的延伸方向，例如，长度方向，在图7所示的结构中，第二方向可以是x方向。应理解，当第一辐射体和第四辐射体上的电流沿第二方向呈反对称分布，其电场方向由第四辐射体指向第一辐射体，例如，z方向，因此，第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向与电场方向相同，为z方向。
如图8所示，当第二馈源(第三馈电点馈入电信号)馈电时，第一辐射体上的电流和第七辐射体上的电流同向分布。在一个实施例中，第一辐射体上的电流和第七辐射体上的电流沿第二方向流动，其中，电流沿第二方向流动可以理解为电流的主要部分(大于50％)沿第二方向正向流动(电流的方向与第二方向呈±45°以内)，或者电流的主要部分(大于50％)沿第二方向反向流动(电流的方向与第二方向呈180°±45°以内)。当第三馈电点馈电时，第二天线单元形成类似偶极子(dipole)天线，其电场与电流方向相同，因此，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向与电场方向相同，为x方向。
应理解，由于第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为z方向，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为x方向。因此，第一天线单元的极化方向与第二天线单元的极化方向正交，第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的相互耦合较低，第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度。例如，可以使第一天线单元和第二天线单元同时工作在相同的工作频段，或者，相邻的工作频段，并保持良好的辐射特性。
图9至图12为图2所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图9是图2所示天线结构的S参数图。图10是图2所示天线结构的系统效率(total efficiency)的仿真结果图。图11是图2所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图12是图2所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
如图9所示，以第一天线单元的回波损耗(S11)小于-6dB为例，第一天线单元的谐振带宽为2.42GHz-2.55GHz。以第二天线单元的回波损耗(S22)小于-6dB为例，第二天线单元的谐振带宽为2.33GHz-2.72GHz。第一天线单元和第二天线单元具有良好的谐振带宽，可以应用于多个工作频段，例如，WiFi频段，BT频段等。
同时，由于第一天线单元和第二天线单元工作时，第一天线单元的极化方向与第二天线单元的极化方向正交，因此，第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，在谐振频段，第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的隔离度(S12)小于-34dB。由于第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，第一天线单元的工作频段和第二天线单元的工作频段可以包括相同的频段，例如，第一天线单元和第二天线单元可以是MIMO系统中的天线子单元。
如图10所示，在图9所示的第一天线单元和第二天线单元的谐振频段内，第一天线单元和第二天线单元均具有良好的系统效率，如下表1所示。
表1
  谐振带宽 带内系统效率
第一天线单元 2.42GHz-2.55GHz >90％
第二天线单元 2.33GHz-2.72GHz >88％
如图11和图12所示，分别为第一天线单元的谐振点(2.5GHz)对应的方向图和第二天线单元的谐振点(2.5GHz)对应的方向图。如图11所示，第一天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.1dBi。如图12所示，第二天线单元在yoz平面内具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.3dBi。
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
如图13所示，天线结构100还可以包括馈电枝节160，馈电枝节160可以设置在第二介质板112上。馈电枝节160的第一端与第二连接件122的第一位置1221电连接，馈电枝节160的第二端与第三连接件123的第二位置1231电连接。
应理解，相较于图2所示的天线结构100，图13所示的天线结构100在其基础上增加了馈电枝节160。天线结构100可以包括第三天线单元(如图14所示的第三天线单元103)。第三天线单元可以包括第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136。馈电枝节160为第三天线单元馈入电信号，以使第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136产生辐射。由于图13所示的天线结构100相较于图2所示的天线结构100而言，增加了第三天线单元，可以使天线结构在结构尺寸不变的情况下增加天线数量，以满足日益增多的通信频段的需要。
如图14所示，第三天线单元103还可以包括第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145，第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145用于为第三天线单元103馈入电信号。第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145位于馈电枝节160上。在第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145馈入电信号时，第一位置1221的电信号和第二位置1231的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)。
在天线结构100中，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元通过不同的馈电方式，使第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式和第三天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方式相互正交，以减少第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的相互耦合，提升第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度，例如，当第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元可以工作在相同的工作频段，或者，相邻的工作频段的情况下，依然可以保持良好的隔离度。
在一个实施例中，第三天线单元103还可以包括第三馈源，第三馈源与馈电枝节160在第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145处电连接，第三馈源可以用于为第三天线单元提供电信号，以使第三天线单元产生辐射。
在一个实施例中，第二介质板112包括相向设置的第一表面1121和第二表面1122，如图15所示。第七辐射体137包括第一枝节1373，第二枝节1374和第三枝节1375。其中，第一枝节1373和所述第三枝节1375设置于第一表面1121。第一枝节1373的第一端与第一连接件121电连接，第一枝节1373的第二端和第三枝节1375的第一端相对且互不接触，并形成第一缝隙171。第二枝节1374设置于第二表面1122，第二枝节1374的第一端与第一枝节1373的第二端电连接，第二枝节1374的第二端与第三枝节1375的第一端 电连接。馈电枝节160设置于第一表面1121，并穿过第一缝隙171。应理解，由于第七辐射体137的延伸方向与馈电枝节160的延伸方向不平行，当第七辐射体137和馈电枝节160设置于第二介质板112的相同表面时，第七辐射体137和馈电枝节160会出现交叉部分，出现短路的情况，无法进行电信号的传输。通过图15所示的空气桥结构，可以避免第七辐射体137和馈电枝节160会出现交叉部分，保证电信号的良好传输。
在一个实施例中，第一表面1121可以是第二介质板112中靠近第一介质板111的表面，也可以是远离第一介质板的表面，本申请实施例对此并不做限制，可以根据实际的生产或设计需求进行调整。
在一个实施例中，第二天线单元的第三馈电点143可以设置于第七辐射体137的第二枝节1374上。
在一个实施例中，第二枝节1374的第一端可以通过金属连接柱或金属连接孔与第一枝节1373的第二端电连接。
在一个实施例中，第二枝节1374的第二端可以通过金属连接柱或金属连接孔与第三枝节1375的第一端电连接。
在一个实施例中，馈电枝节160包括第四枝节161，第五枝节162和第六枝节163，如图16所示。第四枝节161的第一端与第二连接件的第一位置1221电连接，第六枝节163的第二端与第三连接件的第二位置1231电连接。第五枝节162的第一端与第四枝节161的第二端相对且互不接触。第五枝节162的第一端设置有至少一个第一凸起部，第四枝节161的第二端设置有至少一个第一凹陷部，至少一个第一凸起部和至少一个第一凹陷部一一对应，至少一个第一凸起部和至少一个第一凹陷部形成第二缝隙172。第五枝节162的第二端与第六枝节163的第一端相对且互补接触。第五枝节152的第二端设置有至少一个第二凸起部，第六枝节163的第一端设置有至少一个第二凹陷部，至少一个第二凸起部和至少一个第二凹陷部一一对应，至少一个第二凸起部和至少一个第二凹陷部形成第三缝隙173。应理解，第二缝隙172和第三缝隙173可以用于改变第三天线单元的谐振频率。例如，随着第二缝隙172的宽度(第一凸起部和对应的第一凹陷部之间的距离)和第三缝隙173的宽度(第二凸起部和对应的第二凹陷部之间的距离)的增加，第三天线单元的谐振频率向高频移动。随着第二缝隙172的长度和第三缝隙173的长度的增加，第三天线单元的谐振频率向低频移动。
在一个实施例中，第三天线单元的第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145可以设置于馈电枝节160的第五枝节162上。
在一个实施例中，第三天线单元还包括巴伦181，如图16所示。巴伦181的第一端与馈电枝节在第四馈电点144电连接，巴伦181的第二端与馈电枝节在第五馈电点145电连接，巴伦181的第三端与第三馈源电连接。应理解，巴伦181可以用于实现第三馈源在第四馈电点144和第五馈电点145馈入电信号时，第四馈电点144处的电信号和第五馈电点145处的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)，以使第一位置1221的电信号和第二位置1231的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)。本申请实施例并不限制巴伦的结构，可以根据不同的生产或设计需求选取不同结构的巴伦。
应理解，在上述实施例中，利用巴伦实现第三天线单元的馈电，在实际的工程应用中，可以通过其他方式实现第一位置1221的电信号和第二位置1231的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)，已达到相同的技术效果，本申请实施例对此并不做限制，可以根据实际的 生产或设计需要进行调整。
图17是图13所示天线结构的第四馈电点馈电时的电流分布示意图。
如图17所示，当第三馈源馈电(第四馈电点和第五馈电点馈入电信号)时，第二辐射体上的电流和第三辐射体上的电流沿第二方向呈反对称分布(例如，电场幅度相同，相位相反)(相位相反可例如相位相差180°)。第二辐射体上的电流和第五辐射体上的电流的流动方向相同，第三辐射体上的电流和第六辐射体上的电流的流动方向相同。当第四馈电点馈电时，第三天线单元形成类似偶极子(dipole)天线，其辐射体延伸方向为y方向，辐射体的两端向x方向弯折，其电场与电流方向相同，因此，第三天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为y方向。
应理解，由于第一天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为z方向，第二天线单元辐射的电磁波的极化方向为x方向，第三天线单元辐射的电磁波的方向为y方向。因此，第一天线单元的极化方向，第二天线单元的极化方向正交与第三天线单元的极化方向相互正交，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的相互耦合较低，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度。例如，可以使第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元同时工作在相同的工作频段，或者，相邻的工作频段，并保持良好的辐射特性。
图18至图22为图13所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图18是图13所示天线结构的S参数图。图19是图13所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。图20是图13所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图21是图13所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图22是图13所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
如图18所示，以第一天线单元的回波损耗(S11)小于-6dB为例，第一天线单元的谐振带宽为2.38GHz-2.51GHz。以第二天线单元的回波损耗(S22)小于-6dB为例，第二天线单元的谐振带宽为2.27GHz-2.64GHz。以第三天线单元的回波损耗(S33)小于-6dB为例，第三天线单元的谐振带宽为2.35GHz-2.55GHz。第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元具有良好的谐振带宽，可以应用于多个工作频段，例如，WiFi频段，BT频段等。
同时，由于第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元工作时，第一天线单元的极化方向，第二天线单元的极化方向正交与第三天线单元的极化方向相互正交，因此，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，在谐振频段，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度(S12，S13，S23)小于-29dB。由于第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，第一天线单元的工作频段，第二天线单元的工作频段和第三天线单元的工作频段可以包括相同的频段，例如，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元可以是MIMO系统中的天线子单元。
如图19所示，在图18所示的第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元的谐振频段内，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元均具有良好的系统效率(均大于85％)，如下表2所示。
表2
  谐振带宽 带内系统效率
第一天线单元 2.38GHz-2.51GHz >90％
第二天线单元 2.27GHz-2.64GHz >85％
第三天线单元 2.35GHz-2.55GHz >85％
如图20至图22所示，分别为第一天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图，第二天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图和第三天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图。如图20所示，第一天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为1.9dBi。如图21所示，第二天线单元在yoz平面内具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.8dBi。如图22所示，第三天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.4dBi。
图23是本申请实施例提供的又一种天线结构100的示意图。
相较于图13所示的天线结构100，如图23所示的天线结构100与其结构完全相同。其区别在于，在图13所示的天线结构100基础上调整了第二天线单元和第三天线单元的相关参数(例如，辐射体尺寸，馈电结构尺寸等)，使第二天线单元的谐振频段和第三天线单元的谐振频段分别位于第一天线单元的谐振频段的两侧，使第一天线单元的工作频段，第二天线单元的工作频段和第三天线单元的工作频段包括不同的通信频段，使天线结构100可以同时工作在3个不同的通信频段。
图24至图28为图23所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图24是图23所示天线结构的S参数图。图25是图23所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。图26是图23所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图27是图23所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图28是图23所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
如图24所示，以第一天线单元的回波损耗(S11)小于-6dB为例，第一天线单元的谐振带宽为2.25GHz-2.44GHz。以第二天线单元的回波损耗(S22)小于-6dB为例，第二天线单元的谐振带宽为2.38GHz-2.51GHz。以第三天线单元的回波损耗(S33)小于-6dB为例，第三天线单元的谐振带宽为2.48GHz-2.67GHz。第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元具有良好的谐振带宽，可以分别应用于多个不同的工作频段。
同时，由于第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元工作时，第一天线单元的极化方向，第二天线单元的极化方向正交与第三天线单元的极化方向相互正交，因此，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，在谐振频段，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度(S12，S13，S23)小于-29dB。
如图25所示，在图24所示的第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元的谐振频段内，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元均具有良好的系统效率，如下表3所示。
表3
  谐振带宽 带内系统效率
第一天线单元 2.25GHz-2.44GHz >90％
第二天线单元 2.38GHz-2.51GHz >75％
第三天线单元 2.48GHz-2.67GHz >52％
如图26至图28所示，分别为第一天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图，第二天线单元的 谐振点对应的方向图和第三天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图。如图26所示，第一天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为3.0dBi。如图27所示，第二天线单元在yoz平面内具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为-0.9dBi。如图28所示，第三天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.2dBi。
图29和图30是本申请实施例提供的又一种天线结构100的示意图。其中，图29是天线结构100立体的示意图。图30是天线结构100沿x方向的横截面的示意图。
相较于图13所示的天线结构100，如图29所示的天线结构100与其结构完全相同。其区别在于，在天线结构100中的PCB增加了金属层。
如图29所示，天线结构100还可以包括金属层180，金属层180可以作为天线结构的地板。应理解，金属层180可以设置于PCB110中任意一个介质板上，为论述的简洁，本申请实施例仅以金属层180位于第二介质板112为例进行说明，在实际的应用中，金属层180也可以位于第一介质板111，第三介质板113上，或者其他介质板上，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。
其中，金属层180与第一辐射体131，第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第四辐射体134，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136在第一方向(z方向)的投影不重合。应理解，在实际的应用中，PCB110上还可以设置电子设备的多个电子元件以及电路，为保证天线结构100具有良好的辐射环境，可以将天线结构100设置于PCB110的边沿处，避免电子元件及电路对天线结构的干扰。
在一个实施例中，第七辐射体137的第二端可以与金属层180电连接，如图30所示，用于减少第七辐射体137的长度。例如，可以通过第七辐射体的第二枝节1374与金属层180电连接。同时，第二天线单元可以利用金属层180作为地板产生辐射，从而拓展谐振带宽。
图31至图35为图29所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图31是图29所示天线结构的S参数图。图32是图29所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。图33是图29所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图34是图29所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图35是图29所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
如图31所示，以第一天线单元的回波损耗(S11)小于-6dB为例，第一天线单元的谐振带宽为2.41GHz-2.56GHz。以第二天线单元的回波损耗(S22)小于-6dB为例，第二天线单元的谐振带宽为1.48GHz-2.63GHz。以第三天线单元的回波损耗(S33)小于-6dB为例，第三天线单元的谐振带宽为2.41GHz-3.25GHz。第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元具有良好的谐振带宽，可以应用于多个通信频段。
同时，由于第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元工作时，第一天线单元的极化方向，第二天线单元的极化方向正交与第三天线单元的极化方向相互正交，因此，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，在谐振频段，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度(S12，S13，S23)小于-27dB。由于第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，第一天线单元的工作频段，第二天线单元的工作频段和第三天线单元的工作频段可以包括相同的频段，例如，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元可以是MIMO系统中的天线子单元。
如图32所示，在图31所示的第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元的谐振频段内，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元均具有良好的系统效率，如下表4所 示。
表4
  谐振带宽 带内系统效率
第一天线单元 2.41GHz-2.56GHz >90％
第二天线单元 1.48GHz-2.63GHz >70％
第三天线单元 2.41GHz-3.25GHz >55％
如图33至图35所示，分别为第一天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图，第二天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图和第三天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图。如图33所示，第一天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为1.9dBi。如图34所示，第二天线单元在yoz平面内具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.4dBi。如图35所示，第三天线单元在yoz平面内具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为4.2dBi。
应理解，在上述实施例中，由于第一天线单元的极化方向，第二天线单元的极化方向正交与第三天线单元的极化方向相互正交，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间均具有良好的隔离度。因此，第一天线单元，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间可以任意的进行组合，均可以保证天线单元之间良好的隔离度。例如，在图2所示的天线结构中，示出了天线结构包括第一天线单元和第二天线单元。
图36是天线结构100包括第一天线单元和第二天线单元的结构示意图。
相较于图13所示的天线结构100，如图36所示的天线结构100仅包括第一天线单元和第三天线单元，例如，天线结构100中的辐射体包括第一辐射体131，第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第四辐射体134，第五辐射体135和第六辐射体136。天线结构100中仅设置第一天线单元的第一馈源和第三天线单元的第三馈源。
图37至图40为图36所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图37是图36所示天线结构的S参数图。图38是图36所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。图39是图36所示天线结构在第一馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图40是图36所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
如图37所示，以第一天线单元的回波损耗(S11)小于-6dB为例，第一天线单元的谐振带宽为2.43GHz-2.56GHz。以第三天线单元的回波损耗(S33)小于-6dB为例，第三天线单元的谐振带宽为2.39GHz-2.60GHz。第一天线单元和第三天线单元具有良好的谐振带宽，第一天线单元和第三天线单元可以应用于多个通信频段。
同时，由于第一天线单元和第三天线单元工作时，第一天线单元的极化方向与第三天线单元的极化方向正交，因此，第一天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，在谐振频段，第一天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度(S13)小于-33dB。由于第一天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，第一天线单元的工作频段和第三天线单元的工作频段可以包括相同的频段，例如，第一天线单元和第三天线单元可以是MIMO系统中的天线子单元。
如图38所示，在图37所示的第一天线单元和第三天线单元的谐振频段内，第一天线单元和第三天线单元均具有良好的系统效率(均大于70％)，如下表5所示。
表5
  谐振带宽 带内系统效率
第一天线单元 2.43GHz-2.56GHz >92％
第三天线单元 2.39GHz-2.60GHz >71％
如图39和图40所示，分别为第一天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图和第三天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图。如图39所示，第一天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.0dBi。如图40所示，第三天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.5dBi。
图41是天线结构100包括第二天线单元和第三天线单元的结构示意图。
相较于图13所示的天线结构100，如图41所示的天线结构100仅包括第二天线单元和第三天线单元，例如，天线结构100中的辐射体包括第一辐射体131，第二辐射体132，第三辐射体133，第四辐射体134，第五辐射体135，第六辐射体136和第七辐射体137。天线结构100中仅设置第二天线单元的第二馈源和第三天线单元的第三馈源。
图42至图45为图41所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图42是图41所示天线结构的S参数图。图43是图41所示天线结构的系统效率的仿真结果图。图44是图41所示天线结构在第二馈源馈电时对应的方向图。图45是图41所示天线结构在第三馈源馈电时对应的方向图。
如图42所示，以第二天线单元的回波损耗(S22)小于-6dB为例，第二天线单元的谐振带宽为2.40GHz-2.61GHz。以第三天线单元的回波损耗(S33)小于-6dB为例，第三天线单元的谐振带宽为2.30GHz-2.68GHz。第二天线单元和第三天线单元具有良好的谐振带宽，第二天线单元和第三天线单元可以应用于多个通信频段。
同时，由于第二天线单元和第三天线单元工作时，第二天线单元的极化方向与第三天线单元的极化方向正交，因此，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，在谐振频段，第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间的隔离度(S23)小于-31dB。由于第二天线单元和第三天线单元之间具有良好的隔离度，第二天线单元的工作频段和第三天线单元的工作频段可以包括相同的频段，例如，第二天线单元和第三天线单元可以是MIMO系统中的天线子单元。
如图43所示，在图42所示的第二天线单元和第三天线单元的谐振频段内，第二天线单元和第三天线单元均具有良好的系统效率(均大于70％)，如下表6所示。
表6
  谐振带宽 带内系统效率
第二天线单元 2.40GHz-2.61GHz >75％
第三天线单元 2.30GHz-2.68GHz >71％
如图44和图45所示，分别为第二天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图和第三天线单元的谐振点对应的方向图。如图44所示，第二天线单元在yoz平面内具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.7dBi。如图45所示，第三天线单元具有全向的方向图，其最大增益为2.5dBi。
本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的之间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性或其它的形式。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种天线结构，其特征在于，包括：
    印刷电路板PCB，包括第一介质板，第二介质板，第三介质板，第一连接件，第二连接件和第三连接件；
    第一天线单元和第二天线单元；
    其中，所述第二介质板设置于所述第一介质板和所述第三介质板之间；
    所述第一介质板上设置有第一辐射体，第二辐射体和第三辐射体，所述第一辐射体设置在所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体之间；
    所述第三介质板上设置有第四辐射体，第五辐射体和第六辐射体，所述第四辐射体设置在所述第五辐射体和所述第六辐射体之间；
    所述第一连接件的一端与所述第一辐射体的第一端电连接，所述第一连接件的另一端与所述第四辐射体的第一端电连接；
    所述第二连接件的一端与所述第二辐射体的第一端电连接，所述第二连接件的另一端与所述第五辐射体的第一端电连接；
    所述第三连接件的一端与所述第三辐射体的第一端电连接，所述第三连接件的另一端与所述第六辐射体的第一端电连接；
    所述第一辐射体和所述第四辐射体在第一方向的投影至少部分重合，所述第二辐射体和所述第五辐射体在第一方向的投影至少部分重合，所述第三辐射体和所述第六辐射体在第一方向的投影至少部分重合，所述第一方向为垂直于所述第一介质板的方向；
    所述第二介质板上设置有第七辐射体，所述第七辐射体的第一端与所述第一连接件电连接；
    所述第一天线单元包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点，所述第一馈电点设置在所述第一辐射体上，所述第二馈电点设置在所述第四辐射体上；所述第一馈电点的电信号与所述第二馈电点的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)；
    所述第二天线单元包括第三馈电点，所述第三馈电点设置在所述第七辐射体上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述天线结构还包括第三天线单元；
    所述第三天线单元包括第四馈电点和第五馈电点，所述第四馈电点和所述第五馈电点位于所述第二介质板上设置的馈电枝节上，所述馈电枝节的第一端与所述第二连接件的第一位置电连接，所述馈电枝节的第二端与所述第三连接件的第二位置电连接；
    所述第一位置的电信号与所述第二位置的电信号的相位相差(180°±45°)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第一天线单元还包括第一馈源和第一馈电件，所述第二天线单元还包括第二馈源；
    所述第一馈源与所述第一馈电件电连接；
    所述第一馈电件的第一端与所述第一辐射体在所述第一馈电点电连接；
    所述第一馈电件的第二端与所述第四辐射体在所述第二馈电点电连接；
    所述第二馈源与所述第七辐射体在所述第三馈电点电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第一馈源馈电时，所述第一 辐射体上的电流和所述第四辐射体上的电流沿第二方向反对称，所述第二方向为所述第一辐射体的延伸方向。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第二馈源馈电时，所述第一辐射体上的电流和所述第七辐射体上的电流沿第二方向流动，所述第二方向为所述第一辐射体的延伸方向。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第三天线单元包括第三馈源；
    所述第三馈源与所述馈电枝节在所述第四馈电点和所述第五馈电点电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第三馈源馈电时，所述第二辐射体上的电流和所述第三辐射体上的电流沿第二方向反对称，所述第二方向为所述第一辐射体的延伸方向。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第三天线单元还包括巴伦，所述巴伦的第一端与所述馈电枝节在所述第四馈电点电连接，所述巴伦的第二端与所述馈电枝节在所述第五馈电点电连接，所述巴伦的第三端与所述第三馈源电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第二介质板包括相向设置的第一表面和第二表面；
    所述第七辐射体包括第一枝节，第二枝节和第三枝节；
    所述第一枝节和所述第三枝节设置于所述第一表面，所述第一枝节的第一端与所述第一连接件电连接；
    所述第一枝节的第二端和所述第三枝节的第一端相对且互不接触，并形成第一缝隙；
    所述第二枝节设置于所述第二表面，所述第二枝节的第一端与所述第一枝节的第二端电连接，所述第二枝节的第二端与所述第三枝节的第一端电连接；
    所述馈电枝节设置于所述第一表面，并穿过所述第一缝隙。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第三馈电点设置于所述第二枝节上。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构，其特征在于，
    所述馈电枝节包括第四枝节，第五枝节和第六枝节；
    所述第四枝节的第一端与所述第二连接件的第一位置电连接；
    所述第六枝节的第二端与所述第三连接件的第二位置电连接；
    所述第五枝节的第一端与所述第四枝节的第二端相对且互不接触，所述第五枝节的第一端设置有至少一个第一凸起部，所述第四枝节的第二端设置有至少一个第一凹陷部，所述至少一个第一凸起部和所述至少一个第一凹陷部一一对应，所述至少一个第一凸起部和所述至少一个第一凹陷部形成第二缝隙；
    所述第五枝节的第二端与所述第六枝节的第一端相对且互补接触，所述第五枝节的第二端设置有至少一个第二凸起部，所述第六枝节的第一端设置有至少一个第二凹陷部，所述至少一个第二凸起部和所述至少一个第二凹陷部一一对应，所述至少一个第二凸起部和所述至少一个第二凹陷部形成第三缝隙。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第四馈电点和所述第五馈电点设置于所述第五枝节上。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第一连接件包括至少一个金属连接柱或金属连接孔。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第一辐射体和所述第四辐射体的形状相同。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述PCB设置有金属层；
    所述金属层与所述第一辐射体，所述第二辐射体，所述第三辐射体，所述第四辐射体，所述第五辐射体和所述第六辐射体在第一方向的投影不重合。
  16. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的天线结构。
PCT/CN2022/140780 2021-12-30 2022-12-21 一种天线结构和电子设备 WO2023125207A1 (zh)

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