WO2023125074A1 - 薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件 - Google Patents

薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件 Download PDF

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WO2023125074A1
WO2023125074A1 PCT/CN2022/139615 CN2022139615W WO2023125074A1 WO 2023125074 A1 WO2023125074 A1 WO 2023125074A1 CN 2022139615 W CN2022139615 W CN 2022139615W WO 2023125074 A1 WO2023125074 A1 WO 2023125074A1
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solvent
electron transport
polar
thin film
layer
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PCT/CN2022/139615
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French (fr)
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张天朔
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Tcl科技集团股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14Carrier transporting layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/16Electron transporting layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10OLED displays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H10K71/15Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating characterised by the solvent used
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a thin film, a preparation method thereof, and an optoelectronic device.
  • Quantum dot electroluminescence a new type of solid-state lighting technology, has the advantages of low cost, light weight, fast response speed, and high color saturation. It has broad development prospects and has become one of the important research directions for the new generation of LED lighting.
  • the main structure of the existing QLED is a cathode, an anode, a hole/electron transport layer and a quantum dot light-emitting layer.
  • the electron transport layer is an important carrier transport layer, and its morphology (film-forming state) and mobility are important to the overall device. Parameters that have a certain impact on performance.
  • the electron transport layer is usually prepared by solution deposition, but due to the inconsistency of film formation, crystallization and total deposition time, excessive crystal growth will result. For example: in the film forming stage, when the solvent is completely dry, the crystal will stop growing.
  • this step will be carried out by baking after the spin coating is completed, but at this time, the second half of the spin coating and the slow evaporation in the baking stage make the crystal
  • the cell has increased, which leads to excessive growth of the crystal, which increases the gap between the unit cells, and finally fails to meet the required morphological requirements, resulting in poor flatness behind the film and affecting the transmission performance of the electron transport layer.
  • the present application provides a thin film, a preparation method thereof, and an optoelectronic device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a thin film, and the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • the first solution including a first electron transport material and a first solvent
  • the first electron transport material is a polar first material
  • the first solvent is a polar solvent
  • the second solvent is a non-polar solvent
  • the first electron transport material is a non-polar solvent
  • the first material, the first solvent is a non-polar solvent, and the second solvent is a polar solvent.
  • the formation of the electron transport prefabricated layer on the carrying interface by using the first solution includes: depositing in the first direction on the carrying interface by wet film forming the first solution;
  • the applying the second solvent on the surface of the electron transport prefabricated layer includes: depositing the second solvent in a second direction on the electron transport prefabricated layer by wet film forming, wherein the second direction Opposite to the first direction.
  • the first solution is deposited on the bearing interface in a first direction by wet film formation, wherein the deposition time is 10s ⁇ 15s.
  • the wet film forming method is used to deposit the first solution in a first direction on the bearing interface, wherein the wet film forming method includes: spinning Any of coating, doctor blade, screen printing, spray, inkjet printing, and dip coating.
  • the first solution is deposited on the bearing interface in a first direction by wet film formation, wherein, when spin coating is used, the spin coating process parameters are: : The rotational speed of the spin coating is 3000 rpm to 5000 rpm.
  • the second solvent is deposited in a second direction on the electron transport prefabricated layer by wet film formation, wherein the deposition time is 20s-30s .
  • the second solvent is deposited in a second direction on the electron transport prefabricated layer by a wet film forming method, wherein the wet film forming method includes : Any of spin coating, doctor blade, screen printing, spray, inkjet printing, and dip coating.
  • the second solvent is deposited in a second direction on the electron transport prefabricated layer by means of wet film formation, wherein, when spin coating is used, spin coating
  • spin coating The process parameters are: the rotating speed of spin coating is 10000rpm-12000rpm.
  • the concentration of the first solution is 35 mg/mL-40 mg/mL.
  • the volume ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is (8-20):1.
  • the polar first material is a first electron transport material with a dielectric constant greater than 3;
  • the polar solvent is an organic solvent with a dielectric constant greater than 3;
  • the non-polar first material is a first electron transport material with a dielectric constant less than 3;
  • the non-polar solvent is an organic solvent with a dielectric constant less than 3.
  • the polar first material is a metal oxide with a first ligand, wherein the first ligand is a first alkane that includes a first active group. group, wherein, the first active group is any one of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or aldehyde group, the number of carbon atoms in the first alkyl group is 0-18, and 0 represents the first active group directly connected to the metal oxide; and/or, the metal oxide is any one of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, lithium-doped zinc oxide or magnesium-doped zinc oxide; and/or
  • the polar solvent is any one of amide compounds, acid compounds, aldehyde compounds or alcohol compounds containing no more than four carbon atoms; and/or
  • the nonpolar solvent is any one of toluene, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the first alkyl group is 0-18.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the first alkyl group is 2-18.
  • the non-polar first material is a metal oxide or an organic compound with a second ligand, wherein the second ligand includes a second active group
  • the second alkyl group, the second active group is any one of halogen or nitro, the number of carbon atoms in the second alkyl group is 0 to 18, and 0 means that the second active group directly interacts with the and/or
  • the metal oxide is any one of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, lithium-doped zinc oxide or magnesium-doped zinc oxide; and/or, the The organic compound is selected from any one or a mixture of two or more of C71-butyric acid methyl ester, carbon 60 or [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid butyl ester; and/or
  • the non-polar solvent is any one of toluene, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene; and/or
  • the polar solvent is any one of amide compounds, acid compounds, aldehyde compounds or alcohol compounds containing no more than four carbon atoms.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a thin film, the thin film is prepared by the above thin film preparation method, the material of the thin film includes a polar first material or a non-polar first material, and the polar first The material is an electron transport material with a dielectric constant greater than 3, and the non-polar first material is an electron transport material with a dielectric constant less than 3.
  • the polar first material is selected from metal oxides having a first ligand, wherein the first ligand is selected from a first active group containing a first An alkyl group, the first active group is any one of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and aldehyde, the number of carbon atoms in the first alkyl group is 0-18, and 0 means that the first active group directly interacts with
  • the metal oxides are connected; the metal oxide is any one of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, lithium-doped zinc oxide and magnesium-doped zinc oxide.
  • the non-polar first material is selected from metal oxides or organic compounds with a second ligand, wherein the second ligand is selected from The second alkyl group of the group, the second active group is selected from halogen or nitro, the number of carbon atoms in the second alkyl group is 0 to 18, and 0 means that the second active group is directly connected to the metal oxide
  • the metal oxide is selected from any one of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, lithium-doped zinc oxide or magnesium-doped zinc oxide;
  • the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of C71-butyric acid methyl ester, Any one or a mixture of two or more of carbon 60 or [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid butyl ester.
  • the surface roughness of the film is less than or equal to 0.8 nm.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a photoelectric device, including: an anode layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode layer in a laminated structure, wherein the electron transport layer is made by the method for preparing a thin film as described above Alternatively, the electron transport layer includes the above thin film.
  • Fig. 1 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of the optoelectronic device provided by embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Figure 2 is an AFM image of the electron transport layer of the optoelectronic device provided in Example 2 of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 1;
  • Fig. 4 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 2.
  • Fig. 5 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 3.
  • Fig. 6 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 4.
  • Fig. 7 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 5.
  • Fig. 8 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 6;
  • Fig. 9 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 7.
  • Fig. 10 is the AFM image of the electron transport layer of comparative example 8.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the optoelectronic device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the film provided by the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic flowchart of the method for preparing a thin film provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the marks in FIG. 11 represent: an anode layer 10 , a hole injection layer 11 , a hole transport layer 12 , a light emitting layer 13 , an electron transport layer 14 , and a cathode layer 15 .
  • one or more means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • “One or more”, “at least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • “at least one item (unit) of a, b, or c”, or “at least one item (unit) of a, b, and c” can mean: a, b, c, a-b( That is, a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a film, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 providing a bearer interface.
  • the carrying interface can be the light emitting layer or the cathode layer of the optoelectronic device.
  • Step S20 using a first solution to form an electron transport prefabricated layer on the bearing interface, the first solution including a first electron transport material and a first solvent.
  • Step S30 applying a second solvent to the surface of the electron transport prefabricated layer to obtain a thin film.
  • the second solvent when applied, carries the first solvent away from the electron transport preform.
  • the first electron transport material is a polar first material
  • the first solvent is a polar solvent
  • the second solvent is a nonpolar solvent
  • the first electron transport material is a nonpolar first material
  • the first solvent is non-polar solvent
  • the second solvent is a polar solvent
  • the polar first material is a first electron transport material with a dielectric constant greater than 3; and/or, the polar solvent is an organic solvent with a dielectric constant greater than 3; and/or, a non-polar
  • the polar first material is a first electron transport material with a dielectric constant less than 3; and/or, the non-polar solvent is an organic solvent with a dielectric constant less than 3.
  • the film-forming process of the thin film first form the electron transport prefabricated layer, apply the second solvent on the electron transport prefabricated layer, and use the second solvent that is orthogonal to the polarity of the first electron transport material in the lower layer to rapidly band Ionizing the first solvent in the electron transport prefabricated layer, the first solvent is removed instantaneously when the first electron transport material crystallizes but does not grow, so that the crystal of the first electron transport material in the lower layer stops growing immediately, so as to achieve crystallization control.
  • the purpose of the cell size is to abandon the baking and drying process of the traditional film-forming stage, to avoid the excessive growth of crystals in the spin-coating and baking stages, the gap between the unit cells of the obtained film becomes smaller, and the film-forming film layer is dense. And the roughness is reduced to below 0.8nm, the flatness of the film formation is higher, the carrier is easy to migrate, and the electron transport ability of the film is improved.
  • the second solvent in the upper layer when taken away from the first solvent in the lower layer, the second solvent in the upper layer will remain on the film layer surface of the film, but since the polarity of the second solvent is perpendicular to the polarity of the first electron transport material relationship, so the first electron transport material will not be partially re-dissolved in the second solvent to increase the size of the unit cell; and the functional groups in the upper layer of the second solvent will have an anchoring effect with the oxygen vacancies on the interface to fill the surface defects of the film , so that the probability of carrier confinement becomes lower, which indirectly further improves the electron transport capability of the thin film.
  • using the first solution to form an electron transport prefabricated layer on the carrying interface includes: step S21, depositing a first solution; the first direction may be clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • applying a second solvent to the surface of the electron transport prefabricated layer to obtain a thin film includes: step S31, forming a second solvent on the electron transport prefabricated layer by wet method A second solvent is deposited in a direction opposite to the first direction to obtain a thin film.
  • the second direction can be counterclockwise or clockwise.
  • the first solution is deposited in the first direction on the carrying interface by wet film formation, wherein the deposition time is 10s to 15s, and the crystallization of the first electron transport material is controlled by adjusting the deposition time Time is beneficial to control the unit cell size.
  • the method of wet film formation may include any one of spin coating, doctor blade, screen printing, spraying, inkjet printing and dip coating.
  • the spin coating process parameters may be: the spin coating speed is 3000rpm-5000rpm, which is beneficial to the film formation of the first electron transport material.
  • the second solvent is deposited in a second direction on the electron transport prefabricated layer by wet film formation, wherein the deposition time is 20s ⁇ 30s.
  • the method of wet film forming can include: any one of spin coating, doctor blade, screen printing, spraying, inkjet printing, and dip coating; in some embodiments, the film is formed by spin coating, and the The second solvent in the upper layer and the first solvent in the lower layer are thrown out, which is beneficial to control the size of the unit cell.
  • Spin-coating process parameters can be as follows: spin-coating speed is 10000rpm ⁇ 12000rpm, within this speed range, it can ensure that the second solvent will not form a film, which is conducive to the rapid removal of the second solvent on the upper layer from the first solvent on the lower layer.
  • the concentration of the first solution may be 35 mg/mL ⁇ 40 mg/mL.
  • the concentration of the first solution may be 35 mg/mL, 36 mg/mL, 37 mg/mL, 38 mg/mL, 39 mg/mL or 40 mg/mL, etc. Within this concentration range, it is favorable for thin film formation and improvement of film formation quality.
  • the volume ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is (8-20):1.
  • the volume ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is 8:1, 10:1, 15:1 or 20:1, etc. If the volume ratio is too low, the second solvent is easy to form a film during application; if the volume ratio is too high, it is unfavorable for the second solvent to take away the first solvent in the lower layer.
  • the polar first material is a metal oxide having a first ligand, wherein the first ligand is a first alkyl group comprising a first active group, wherein the first active group
  • the group is any one of hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amine group or aldehyde group, the number of carbon atoms of the first alkyl group is 0-18, and 0 means that the first active group is directly connected to the metal oxide;
  • the metal oxide is any of zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), lithium-doped zinc oxide (LZO), or magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MZO); and /or, the polar solvent is any one of amide compounds, acid compounds, aldehyde compounds or alcohol compounds containing no more than four carbon atoms, wherein the amide compounds can be formamide or acetamide, and the acid compounds
  • the polar solvent is any one
  • the polar first material in this application is not limited to metal oxides, and organic compounds can also be used, but organic compounds as polar first materials are not conducive to electron transport, and the above examples should not be construed as limiting this application.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the first alkyl group is 0 to 18, and 0 means that the first active group is directly connected to the metal oxide; In other embodiments of the application, when the first active group is a carboxyl group or an aldehyde group, the number of carbon atoms in the first alkyl group is 2-18.
  • the non-polar first material is a metal oxide or an organic compound with a second ligand, wherein the second ligand is a second alkyl group including a second active group, and the second The active group is any one of halogen or nitro, and the number of carbon atoms in the second alkyl group is 0-18, and 0 means that the second active group is directly connected to the metal oxide; and/or, the metal oxide is zinc oxide , titanium dioxide, barium titanate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, lithium-doped zinc oxide or magnesium-doped zinc oxide; and/or, the organic compound is selected from C71-methyl butyrate, carbon 60 or [6,6] Any one of phenyl-C61-butyl butyrate or a mixture of two or more; and/or, the non-polar solvent is any one of toluene, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene; And/or
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a thin film, which is prepared by the above-mentioned thin film preparation method.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a photoelectric device, which includes: an anode layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode layer in a laminated structure, the electron transport layer is prepared by the above thin film preparation method, or the electron transport layer for the above-mentioned film.
  • the thin film can be applied to prepare the electron transport layer of the photoelectric device, so as to improve the film-forming quality of the electron transport layer and improve the electron transport ability.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a photoelectric device, which includes:
  • a thin film is prepared on the cathode using the above thin film preparation method to obtain an electron transport layer;
  • An anode is prepared on the light-emitting layer to obtain a photoelectric device.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a display device, which includes the optoelectronic device mentioned above, or includes the optoelectronic device manufactured by the method for manufacturing the optoelectronic device mentioned above.
  • a photoelectric device is provided, as shown in FIG. Cathode layer 15, wherein the hole injection layer 11 is arranged on the anode layer 10, the hole transport layer 12 is arranged on the hole injection layer 11, the light emitting layer 13 is arranged on the hole transport layer 12, and the electron transport layer 14 is arranged on On the light emitting layer 13 , the cathode layer 15 is disposed on the electron transport layer 14 .
  • the electron transport layer 14 is the above-mentioned thin film.
  • the material of the anode layer can be selected from but not limited to: indium-doped tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium-doped tin oxide
  • the material of the hole injection layer can be selected but not limited to: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) and its derivatives doped with s- MoO3 ( One of PEDOT:PSS:s-MoO 3 ).
  • the material of the hole transport layer can be selected but not limited to: poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'-(N-(p-butylphenyl )) Diphenylamine)] (TFB), poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), Poly-TPD, NPB in one.
  • the quantum dot material of the light-emitting layer can be selected but not limited to: one or more of II-VI group (CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, CdS, PbS, PbSe) semiconductor nanocrystals and their core-shell structures.
  • the material of the cathode layer can be selected but not limited to: Al or Ag.
  • the surface roughness of the electron transport layer of the photoelectric device is reduced to less than 1 nm; the external quantum efficiency is increased to 8%-10%.
  • the overall device tends to be balanced, and the external quantum efficiency is improved.
  • the above optoelectronic device can be prepared by the following method, which includes the following steps:
  • the spin coating can adopt the following process parameters: the spin coating time is 10s ⁇ 15s; the spin coating speed is 3000rpm ⁇ 5000rpm.
  • a non-polar solvent is spin-coated on the electron transport prefabricated layer in a counterclockwise direction.
  • the spin coating can adopt the following process parameters: the spin coating time is 20s-30s, and the spin coating speed is 10000rpm-12000rpm.
  • the above optoelectronic device can also be prepared by the following method, which includes the following steps:
  • the spin-coating can adopt the following process parameters: the spin-coating time is 10s ⁇ 15s; spin coating speed is 3000rpm ⁇ 5000rpm.
  • the polar solvent is spin-coated on the electron transport prefabricated layer in a clockwise direction, and the polar solvent will take the nonpolar solvent away from the electron transport prefabricated layer when it is applied, and remove the nonpolar solvent in the electron transport prefabricated layer to obtain
  • the electron transport layer wherein, the spin-coating time is 20s-30s, and the spin-coating speed is 10000rpm-12000rpm.
  • the improvement of the crystal state of the electron transport layer in the present application will be described below in conjunction with specific examples and comparative examples.
  • the devices were uniformly prepared and the external quantum efficiency performance values of the devices of each example and comparative example were calculated using JVL test equipment (current voltage brightness) after the preparation, and the electrical performance data monitoring was selected to be carried out on the first day after the device preparation.
  • the same processing method for each device will carry out AFM (atomic force microscope) to prepare the electron transport layer and calculate the Rq roughness to verify the quality of the film.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an optoelectronic device, comprising the following steps:
  • the first solution includes: aluminum-doped zinc oxide and acetic acid mainly composed of hydroxyl ligands Solvent; the technological parameters of spin coating are that the spin coating time is 10s, and the spin coating speed is 4000rpm.
  • the electron transport layer forms a flat and dense film with a roughness of 0.36nm; it can be seen from the AFM image that the unit cell size of the first electron transport material stops growing at 4nm-5nm, and the gap between the unit cells The gap is small. While Comparative Example 1 adopts the conventional solution (the method for preparing the electron transport layer provided by the present application is not used), the unit cell size of the first electron transport material grows to more than 7 nm after the spin coating is completed.
  • the external quantum efficiency is 9.84%. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-8, the surface roughness of the electron transport layer in this example is reduced, the film forming quality is better, and the external quantum efficiency is significantly improved.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an optoelectronic device, comprising the following steps:
  • the spin coating time is 15s, and the spin coating speed is 3000rpm.
  • the electron transport layer forms a flat and dense film with a roughness of 0.32nm; it can be seen from the AFM image that the carbon 60 non-polar first material unit cell size stops growing at 4nm-5nm, and the unit cell and unit cell The gap between them is small. If the conventional solution was adopted in Comparative Example 1, the unit cell grew to more than 7nm after the spin coating.
  • Example 1 A preparation of a conventional standard device is provided, that is, in Example 1, step S15 of Example 1 is removed, and the spin-coating time in S14 is changed from 10 s to 30 s, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • a preparation of a photoelectric device is provided, that is, in Example 1, the spin-coating time of step S14 in Example 1 is changed from 10s to 5s, and the spin-coating time of step S15 is changed from 20s to 25s, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • the roughness is 2.08nm.
  • a preparation of a photoelectric device is provided, that is, in Example 1, the spin-coating solvent toluene in step S15 of Example 1 is replaced with acetic acid, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • a preparation of a photoelectric device is provided, that is, in Example 1, the spin coating direction in step S15 of Example 1 is changed to a clockwise direction, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • a preparation of a photoelectric device is provided, that is, in Example 1, the volume ratio of the acetic acid solvent to the toluene solvent in step S15 of Example 1 is replaced with 5:1, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 This shows that the volume of the upper polar solvent is too high, which will cause the toluene solvent to form a film during the spin coating process. Compared with Example 1, the external quantum efficiency is lower, and the electron mobility is very low, which is not conducive to electron transport.
  • a preparation of a photoelectric device is provided, that is, in Example 1, the volume ratio of the acetic acid solvent to the toluene solvent in step S15 of Example 1 is replaced with 40:1, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • a preparation of a photoelectric device is provided, that is, in Example 1, the rotational speed of toluene in step S15 of Example 1 is replaced from 10,000 rpm to 5,000 rpm, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • This embodiment provides a preparation of a photoelectric device, that is, in embodiment 1, the rotation speed of toluene in step S15 of this embodiment is replaced with 20000 rpm, and the rest of the steps are the same as in embodiment 1.
  • Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-8 show that through the improvement of the thin film film formation process, the purpose of controlling the size of the unit cell is achieved, the crystallization state of the first electron transport material is improved, and the surface roughness is reduced.
  • the degree improves the film-forming quality of the electron transport layer, improves the external quantum efficiency, and thus improves the electron transport capability of the electron transport layer.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件,其方法包括:提供承载界面;利用第一溶液在承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,第一溶液包括第一电子传输材料和第一溶剂;将第二溶剂施加于电子传输预制层表面,以得到薄膜。

Description

薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件
本申请要求于2021年12月27日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202111616627.6、申请名称为“一种薄膜及其制备方法、光电器件、显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域,具体涉及一种薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件。
背景技术
量子点电致发光一种新型的固态照明技术,具备低成本、重量轻,响应速度快,色彩饱和度高等优点,拥有广阔的发展前景,已成为新一代LED照明的重要研究方向之一。
现有QLED主要结构为阴极、阳极、空穴/电子传输层以及量子点发光层,电子传输层作为重要的载流子传输层,其形态学(成膜状态)以及迁移率都是对器件整体性能有一定影响的参数。通常利用溶液法沉积制备电子传输层,而因成膜、结晶化以及总沉积时长的不统一,会导致晶体过度生长。例如:在成膜阶段,当溶剂彻底干燥晶体即会停止生长,通常此步骤会利用旋涂完成后的烘烤来进行,但此时后半段的旋涂以及烘烤阶段的缓慢蒸发使得晶胞已经增大,即导致晶体过度生长,使晶胞间隙增大,最终不能达到所需要的形态学需求,造成膜后平整度较差,影响电子传输层的传输性能。
技术解决方案
因此,本申请提供一种薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件。
本申请实施例提供一种薄膜的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
提供承载界面;
利用第一溶液在所述承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,所述第一溶液包括第一电子传输材料和第一溶剂;
将第二溶剂施加于所述电子传输预制层表面,以得到薄膜;
其中,所述第一电子传输材料为极性第一材料,所述第一溶剂为极性溶剂,所述第二溶剂为非极性溶剂;或者,所述第一电子传输材料为非极性第一材料,所述第一溶剂为非极性溶剂,所述第二溶剂为极性溶剂。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用第一溶液在所述承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,包括:利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液;
所述将第二溶剂施加于所述电子传输预制层表面,包括:利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液,其中,沉积时间为10s~15s。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液,其中,所述湿法制膜的方式包括:旋涂、刮刀、丝网印刷、喷雾、喷墨印刷、浸渍涂敷的任一种。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液,其中,采用旋涂时,旋涂工艺参数为:旋涂转速为3000rpm~5000rpm。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,所述沉积时间为20s~30s。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,所述湿法制膜的方式包括:旋涂、刮刀、丝网印刷、喷雾、喷墨印刷、浸渍涂敷的任一种。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,,采用旋涂时,旋涂工艺参数为:旋涂转速为10000rpm~12000rpm。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述第一溶液的浓度为35mg/mL~40mg/mL。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述第一溶剂与所述第二溶剂的体积 比为(8~20):1。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,
所述极性第一材料为介电常数大于3的第一电子传输材料;和/或
所述极性溶剂为介电常数大于3的有机溶剂;和/或
所述非极性第一材料为介电常数小于3的第一电子传输材料;和/或
所述非极性溶剂为介电常数小于3的有机溶剂。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述极性第一材料为具有第一配体的金属氧化物,其中,所述第一配体为包括第一活性基团的第一烷基,其中,所述第一活性基团为羟基、羧基、胺基或者醛基的任一种,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为0-18,0表示所述第一活性基团直接与所述金属氧化物相连;和/或,所述金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任一种;和/或
所述极性溶剂为含有不超过四个碳原子的酰胺类化合物、酸类化合物、醛类化合物或醇类化合物的任一种;和/或
所述非极性溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或氯苯的任一种。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述第一活性基团为羟基或胺基时,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为0~18。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述第一活性基团为羧基或醛基时,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为2~18。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述非极性第一材料为具有第二配体的金属氧化物或有机化合物,其中,所述第二配体为包括第二活性基团的第二烷基,所述第二活性基团为卤素或硝基的任一种,所述第二烷基的碳原子数为0~18,0表示所述第二活性基团直接与所述金属氧化物相连;和/或,所述金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任一种;和/或,所述有机化合物选用C71-丁酸甲基酯、碳60或[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸丁酯的任一种或两种以上混合物;和/或
所述非极性溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或氯苯的任一种;和/或
所述极性溶剂为含有不超过四个碳原子的酰胺类化合物、酸类化合物、醛类化合物或醇类化合物的任一种。
相应的,本申请实施例还提供一种薄膜,所述薄膜由上述薄膜的制备方法制得,所述薄膜的材料包括极性第一材料或非极性第一材料,所述极性第一材料为介电常数大于3的电子传输材料,所述非极性第一材料为介电常数小于3的电子传输材料。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述极性第一材料选自具有第一配体的金属氧化物,其中,所述第一配体选自包含第一活性基团的第一烷基,所述第一活性基团为羟基、羧基、胺基和醛基的任意一种,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为0-18,0表示第一活性基团直接与金属氧化物相连;所述金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌和掺镁氧化锌的任意一种。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述非极性第一材料选自具有第二配体的金属氧化物或有机化合物,其中,所述第二配体选自包含第二活性基团的第二烷基,所述第二活性基团选自卤素或硝基,所述第二烷基的碳原子数为0~18,0表示第二活性基团直接与金属氧化物相连;所述金属氧化物选自氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任意一种;所述有机化合物选自C71-丁酸甲基酯、碳60或[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸丁酯的任意一种或两种以上混合物。
可选的,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述薄膜的表面粗糙度小于等于0.8nm。
相应的,本申请实施例还提供一种光电器件,包括:叠层结构的阳极层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极层,其中,所述电子传输层由如上所述的薄膜的制备方法制得,或者,所述电子传输层包括上述薄膜。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请 的一些实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例1提供的光电器件的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图2是本申请实施例2提供的光电器件的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图3是对比例1的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图4是对比例2的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图5是对比例3的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图6是对比例4的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图7是对比例5的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图8是对比例6的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图9是对比例7的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图10是对比例8的电子传输层的AFM图像;
图11是本申请提供的光电器件的结构示意图;
图12是本申请第一实施例提供的薄膜的制备方法的流程示意图;
图13是本申请第一实施例提供的薄膜的制备方法的流程示意图。
图11中标记分别表示为:阳极层10、空穴注入层11、空穴传输层12、发光层13、电子传输层14、阴极层15。
本申请的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
需说明的是,以下实施例的描述顺序不作为对实施例优选顺序的限定。另外,在本申请的描述中,术语“包括”是指“包括但不限于”。
本申请的各种实施例可以以一个范围的型式存在;应当理解,以一范围型式的描述仅仅是因为方便及简洁,不应理解为对本申请范围的硬性限制;因此,应当认为所述的范围描述已经具体公开所有可能的子范围以及该范围内的单一数值。例如,应当认为从1到6的范围描述已经具体公开子范围,例如从1 到3,从1到4,从1到5,从2到4,从2到6,从3到6等,以及所述范围内的单一数字,例如1、2、3、4、5及6,此不管范围为何皆适用。另外,每当在本文中指出数值范围,是指包括所指范围内的任何引用的数字(分数或整数)。
在本申请中,“一个或多个”是指一个或者多个,“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“一种或多种”、“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达,是指的这些项中的任意组合,包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如,“a,b,或c中的至少一项(个)”,或,“a,b,和c中的至少一项(个)”,均可以表示:a,b,c,a-b(即a和b),a-c,b-c,或a-b-c,其中a,b,c分别可以是单个,也可以是多个。
请参阅图12,本申请的实施例提供一种薄膜的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
步骤S10,提供承载界面。
承载界面可以为光电器件的发光层或阴极层。
步骤S20,利用第一溶液在承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,第一溶液包括第一电子传输材料和第一溶剂。
步骤S30,将第二溶剂施加于电子传输预制层表面,以得到薄膜。
第二溶剂在施加时将第一溶剂从电子传输预制层中带离。
其中,第一电子传输材料为极性第一材料,第一溶剂为极性溶剂,第二溶剂为非极性溶剂,或者,第一电子传输材料为非极性第一材料,第一溶剂为非极性溶剂,第二溶剂为极性溶剂。
上述极性第一材料和极性溶剂中的“极性”是指相对呈极性,其可以呈弱极性或呈强极性。上述非极性第一材料和非极性溶剂中的“非极性”是指相对呈非极性,其可以呈弱极性或非极性。在本申请的一些实施例中,极性第一材料为介电常数大于3的第一电子传输材料;和/或,极性溶剂为介电常数大于3的有机溶剂;和/或,非极性第一材料为介电常数小于3的第一电子传输材料;和/或,非极性溶剂为介电常数小于3的有机溶剂。
对薄膜的成膜工艺进行改进,先形成电子传输预制层,通过在电子传输预制层上施加第二溶剂,利用施加与下层第一电子传输材料的极性呈正交关系的第二溶剂快速带离电子传输预制层中的第一溶剂,在第一电子传输材料结晶完 但并未发生长大的时间瞬间去除第一溶剂,使下层第一电子传输材料的晶体立即停止生长,以达到控制晶胞尺寸的目的,摒弃了传统成膜阶段的烘烤干燥过程,避免晶体在旋涂和烘烤阶段过度增长,所得到的薄膜的晶胞之间的间隙变小,成膜的膜层致密,且粗糙度降低至0.8nm以下,成膜的平整度更高,使载流子易于迁移,提升了薄膜对电子的传输能力。
另外,在上层第二溶剂带离下层第一溶剂的同时,上层第二溶剂会残留在薄膜的膜层表面,但由于此第二溶剂的极性与第一电子传输材料的极性为正交关系,所以第一电子传输材料不会重新部分溶解于第二溶剂使晶胞出现增大的现象;以及上层第二溶剂中的官能团会与界面上的氧空位发生锚定效果,填补薄膜表面缺陷,使载流子被限制的概率变低,间接地进一步提升了薄膜的电子传输能力。
请参阅图13,在本申请的一些实施例中,利用第一溶液在承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,包括:步骤S21,利用湿法制膜的方式在承载界面上以第一方向沉积第一溶液;第一方向可以为顺时针方向或逆时针方向。
请参阅图13,在本申请的一些实施例中,将第二溶剂施加于电子传输预制层表面,以得到薄膜,包括:步骤S31,利用湿法制膜的方式在电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积第二溶剂,以得到薄膜,其中,第二方向与第一方向相反。第二方向可以为逆时针方向或顺时针方向。
在本申请的一些实施例中,利用湿法制膜的方式在承载界面上以第一方向沉积第一溶液,其中,沉积时间为10s~15s,通过调控沉积时间,控制第一电子传输材料的结晶时间,有利于控制晶胞尺寸。湿法制膜的方式可以包括:旋涂、刮刀、丝网印刷、喷雾、喷墨印刷、浸渍涂敷的任一种。采用旋涂方式时,旋涂工艺参数可以为:旋涂转速为3000rpm~5000rpm,有利于第一电子传输材料成膜。
在本申请的一些实施例中,利用湿法制膜的方式在电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积第二溶剂,其中,沉积时间为20s~30s。湿法制膜的方式可以包括:旋涂、刮刀、丝网印刷、喷雾、喷墨印刷、浸渍涂敷的任一种;在一些实施例中,采用旋涂的方式制膜,利用离心力能快速将上层第二溶剂和下层第一溶剂甩出,有利于控制晶胞尺寸。旋涂工艺参数可以为:旋涂转速为 10000rpm~12000rpm,在该转速范围内能确保第二溶剂不会成膜,有利于上层的第二溶剂快速带离下层的第一溶剂。
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一溶液的浓度可以为35mg/mL~40mg/mL。例如,第一溶液的浓度可以为35mg/mL、36mg/mL、37mg/mL、38mg/mL、39mg/mL或40mg/mL等。在该浓度范围内,有利薄膜成膜,并有利于提高成膜质量。
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一溶剂与第二溶剂的体积比为(8~20):1。例如,第一溶剂与第二溶剂的体积比为8:1、10:1、15:1或20:1等。若体积比过低,则第二溶剂在施加过程中容易成膜;若体积比过高,则不利于第二溶剂带离下层的第一溶剂。
在本申请的一些实施例中,极性第一材料为具有第一配体的金属氧化物,其中,第一配体为包括第一活性基团的第一烷基,其中,第一活性基团为羟基、羧基、胺基或者醛基的任一种,第一烷基的碳原子数为0-18,0表示第一活性基团直接与金属氧化物相连;和/或,金属氧化物为氧化锌(ZnO)、二氧化钛(TiO 2)、钛酸钡(BaTiO 3)、掺铝氧化锌(AZO)、掺锂氧化锌(LZO)或掺镁氧化锌(MZO)的任一种;和/或,极性溶剂为含有不超过四个碳原子的酰胺类化合物、酸类化合物、醛类化合物或醇类化合物的任一种,其中,酰胺类化合物可以选用甲酰胺或乙酰胺,酸类化合物可以选用乙酸、丙酸或丁酸,醛类化合物可以选用甲醛、乙醛或丁醛,醇类化合物选用甲醇。和/或,非极性溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或氯苯的任一种。
当然,本申请中的极性第一材料并不限于采用金属氧化物,也可以采用有机化合物,但是有机化合物作为极性第一材料不利于电子传输,上述实施例不能理解为对本申请的限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一活性基团为羟基或胺基时,第一烷基的碳原子数为0~18,0表示第一活性基团直接与金属氧化物相连;在本申请的另一些实施例中,第一活性基团为羧基或醛基时,第一烷基的碳原子数为2~18。
在本申请的一些实施例中,非极性第一材料为具有第二配体的金属氧化物或有机化合物,其中,第二配体为包括第二活性基团的第二烷基,第二活性基团为卤素或硝基的任一种,第二烷基的碳原子数为0~18,0表示第二活性基团 直接与金属氧化物相连;和/或,金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任一种;和/或,有机化合物选用C71-丁酸甲基酯、碳60或[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸丁酯的任一种或两种以上混合物;和/或,非极性溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或氯苯的任一种;和/或,极性溶剂为含有不超过四个碳原子的酰胺类化合物、酸类化合物、醛类化合物或醇类化合物的任一种,其中,酰胺类化合物可以选用甲酰胺或乙酰胺,酸类化合物可以选用乙酸、丙酸或丁酸,醛类化合物可以选用甲醛、乙醛或丁醛,醇类化合物可以选用甲醇。
相应的,本申请的实施例提供一种薄膜,由上述的薄膜的制备方法制得。
本申请的实施例还提供一种光电器件,其包括:叠层结构的阳极层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极层,电子传输层由上述的薄膜的制备方法制得,或者,电子传输层为上述的薄膜。薄膜可应用于制备光电器件的电子传输层,以改善电子传输层的成膜质量,提高电子传输能力。
相应的,本申请的实施例提供一种光电器件的制备方法,其包括:
在阳极上制备发光层;
采用上述的薄膜的制备方法在发光层上制备薄膜,得到电子传输层;以及
在电子传输层上制备阴极,得到光电器件;
或者,采用上述的薄膜的制备方法在阴极上制备薄膜,得到电子传输层;
在电子传输层上制备发光层;以及
在发光层上制备阳极,得到光电器件。
本申请的实施例还提供一种显示装置,包括上述的光电器件,或者,包括由上述的光电器件的制备方法制得的光电器件。
在本申请的一些实施例中,提供一种光电器件,参照图11所示,图中包括:阳极层10、空穴注入层11、空穴传输层12、发光层13、电子传输层14和阴极层15,其中,空穴注入层11设置于阳极层10上,空穴传输层12设置于空穴注入层11上,发光层13设置于空穴传输层12上,电子传输层14设置于发光层13上,阴极层15设置于电子传输层14上。电子传输层14为上述薄膜。
在另一些实施例中,阳极层的材料可以选用但不限于:铟掺杂的氧化锡 (ITO)。空穴注入层的材料可以选用但不限于:聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT:PSS)及其掺有s-MoO 3的衍生物(PEDOT:PSS:s-MoO 3)中的一种。空穴传输层的材料可以选用但不限于:聚[(9,9-二辛基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(4,4'-(N-(对丁基苯基))二苯胺)](TFB)、聚(9-乙烯基咔唑)(PVK)、Poly-TPD、NPB中的一种。发光层的量子点材料可以选用但不限于:II-VI族(CdSe,CdS,ZnSe,CdS,PbS,PbSe)半导体纳米晶及其核壳结构中的一种或多种。阴极层的材料可以选用但不限于:Al或Ag。
上述光电器件的电子传输层表面粗糙度降低至1nm以下;外量子效率提升至8%-10%。整体器件趋于平衡,外量子效率获得提升。
进一步,上述光电器件可以采用以下方法制备,其包括以下步骤:
S1,在阳极衬底表面由下到上依次沉积空穴注入层、空穴传输层和发光层。
S2,在发光层上制备电子传输层,包括:
在发光层上以顺时针方向旋涂第一溶液形成电子传输预制层,其中,第一溶液包括第一电子传输材料和第一溶剂,第一电子传输材料为极性第一材料,第一溶剂为极性溶剂;旋涂可以采用以下工艺参数:旋涂时间为10s~15s;旋涂转速为3000rpm~5000rpm。
在电子传输预制层上以逆时针方向旋涂非极性溶剂,非极性溶剂在施加时将极性溶剂从电子传输预制层中带离,去除电子传输预制层中的极性溶剂,以得到电子传输层,其中,旋涂可以采用以下工艺参数:旋涂时间为20s~30s,旋涂转速10000rpm~12000rpm。
S3,在电子传输层上形成阴极,封装后得到光电器件。
进一步,上述光电器件也可以采用以下方法制备,其包括以下步骤:
S1,在阳极衬底表面由下到上依次沉积空穴注入层、空穴传输层和发光层。
S2,在发光层上制备电子传输层,包括:
在发光层以逆时针方向旋涂一层第一溶液形成电子传输预制层,其中,第一溶液包括非极性第一材料和非极性溶剂,旋涂可以采用以下工艺参数:旋涂时间为10s~15s;旋涂转速为3000rpm~5000rpm。
在电子传输预制层上以顺时针方向旋涂极性溶剂,极性溶剂在施加时将非极性溶剂从电子传输预制层中带离,去除电子传输预制层中的非极性溶剂,以 得到电子传输层,其中,旋涂时间为20s~30s,旋涂转速10000rpm~12000rpm。
S3,在电子传输层上形成阴极,封装后得到光电器件。
下面结合具体实施例和对比例,对本申请改善电子传输层的结晶状态进行说明。统一制备器件并在制备结束后使用JVL测试设备(电流电压亮度)计算各实施例、对比例器件的外量子效率性能数值,其中电学性能数据监测选择在器件制备结束后的第一天进行。每个器件同样的处理方式会进行AFM(原子力显微镜)进行电子传输层的制备并计算Rq粗糙度验证成膜的质量。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种光电器件的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S11、在ITO衬底上旋涂一层PEDOT:PSS:s-MoO 3空穴注入层并在空气中进行退火。
S12、于氮气气氛中,在空穴注入层上旋涂一层30nm PVK空穴传输层并在140℃退火。
S13、在空穴传输层上旋涂一层30nm CdSe/ZnS发光层。
S14、在CdSe/ZnS发光层上以顺时针方向旋涂一层浓度为35mg/mL的第一溶液形成电子传输预制层,第一溶液包括:以羟基配体为主的掺铝氧化锌和乙酸溶剂;旋涂的工艺参数为旋涂时间为10s,旋涂转速为4000rpm。
S15、在S14进行10s后设置20s的逆时针方向旋涂,在电子传输预制层上旋涂甲苯溶剂(乙酸溶剂与甲苯溶剂的体积比为15:1),甲苯溶剂在旋涂时将乙酸溶剂从电子传输预制层中带离,以得到电子传输层;旋涂的工艺参数为旋涂时间为20s,旋涂转速为10000rpm。
S16、在电子传输层上蒸镀105nm Ag电极。
S17、封装后得到光电器件。
由图1可见,电子传输层形成了平整、致密的膜,粗糙度为0.36nm;由AFM图像可知,第一电子传输材料的晶胞尺寸在4nm-5nm停止生长,晶胞与晶胞之间的间隙小。而对比例1采用常规方案(未使用本申请的提供的制备电子传输层的方法),第一电子传输材料在旋涂结束后晶胞尺寸长到7nm以上。
经测试,外量子效率为9.84%。本实施例与对比例1-8相比,电子传输层表面粗糙度降低,成膜质量较好,外量子效率有明显的提升。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种光电器件的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S21、在ITO衬底上旋涂一层PEDOT:PSS:s-MoO 3空穴注入层并在空气中进行退火。
S22、于氮气气氛中,在空穴注入层上旋涂一层30nm PVK空穴传输层并在140℃退火。
S23、在空穴传输层上旋涂一层30nm CdSe/ZnS发光层。
S24、在CdSe/ZnS发光层上以顺时针方向旋涂一层浓度为40mg/mL的第一溶液形成电子传输预制层,其中,第一溶液包括碳60和环己烷溶剂,旋涂工艺参数为旋涂时间为15s,旋涂转速为3000rpm。
S25、在S24进行15s后设置30s的逆时针旋涂,在电子传输预制层上旋涂甲酰胺溶剂(环己烷溶剂与甲酰胺溶剂的体积比为13:1),甲酰胺溶剂在旋涂时将环己烷溶剂从电子传输预制层中带离,以得到电子传输层;旋涂的工艺参数为旋涂时间为30s,旋涂转速为12000rpm。
S26、在电子传输层上蒸镀105nm Ag电极。
S27、封装后得到光电器件。
由图2可见,电子传输层形成了平整、致密的膜,粗糙度为0.32nm;由AFM图像可知,碳60非极性第一材料晶胞尺寸在4nm-5nm停止生长,晶胞与晶胞之间的间隙小。如对比例1采用常规方案,在旋涂结束后晶胞长到7nm以上。
经测试,外量子效率为8.99%。
本实施例与对比例1-8相比,电子传输层的表面粗糙度降低,成膜质量较好,外量子效率有明显的提升。
对比例1
提供一种常规标准器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S15去除,并将S14中的旋涂时间10s更换为30s,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图3可见,图中团聚有较大颗粒,说明晶胞尺寸较大,约7nm以上,并且每个晶胞边界清晰,说明了晶胞与晶胞之间间隙较大。电子传输层的粗糙度为1.19nm。
经测试,外量子效率为6.51%。
由此说明,与实施例1相比,对比例1得到的电子传输层的成膜质量较差,平整度较低,表面粗糙度高,外量子效率低。
对比例2
提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S14旋涂时间10s更换为5s,并将步骤S15旋涂时间20s更换为25s,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图4可见,第一电子传输材料未成膜。粗糙度为2.08nm。
经测试,外量子效率为3.75%。
由此说明,极性第一材料还未成膜即被上层溶剂冲走,导致结晶时间过短,在晶胞尺寸过小时晶胞停止生长。与实施例1相比,粗糙度较高,外量子效率较低。
对比例3
提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S15旋涂溶剂甲苯更换为乙酸,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图5可见,并没有形成晶体。粗糙度为5.94nm。
经测试,外量子效率为0.49%。
由此说明,在极性第一材料上反向旋涂相同极性的极性溶剂,极性第一材料会溶解于极性溶剂中,造成极性第一材料被极性溶剂冲走。其外量子效率仅为0.49%,电子迁移率非常低,不利于电子传输。
对比例4
提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S15旋涂方向更换为顺时针方向,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图6可见,图中团聚有较大颗粒,说明晶胞尺寸较大,并且每个晶胞边界清晰,说明晶胞与晶胞之间间隙较大。粗糙度为1.72nm。
经测试,外量子效率为6.62%。
由此说明,上层极性溶剂不进行反向旋涂,对第一电子传输材料的结晶状况改善效果较差,成膜平整度较低,成膜质量较差。与实施例1相比,其粗糙度较高,外量子效率较低。
对比例5
提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S15的乙酸溶剂与甲苯溶剂的体积比更换为5:1,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图7可见,旋涂甲苯溶剂后成膜。粗糙度为2.91nm。
经测试,外量子效率为2.42%。
由此说明,上层极性溶剂体积过高,会导致甲苯溶剂在旋涂过程中成膜。与实施例1相比,其外量子效率较低,电子迁移率非常低,不利于电子传输。
对比例6
提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S15的乙酸溶剂与甲苯溶剂的体积比更换为40:1,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图8可见,图中团聚有较大颗粒,说明晶胞尺寸较大,并且每个晶胞边界清晰,说明晶胞与晶胞之间间隙较大;粗糙度为1.35nm。
经测试,外量子效率为7.31%。
由此说明,当反向旋涂的上层甲苯溶剂的体积较低时,对第一电子传输材料的结晶状态改善效果较差。与本实施例1相比,其粗糙度较高,外量子效率较低。
对比例7
提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将实施例1的步骤S15甲苯的转速10000rpm更换为5000rpm,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图9可见,旋涂甲苯溶剂后成膜。粗糙度为2.66nm。
经测试,外量子效率为1.83%。
由此可见,当上层甲苯溶剂的旋涂转速过低时,会导致甲苯溶剂在旋涂过程中成膜。与实施例1相比,其外量子效率较低,电子迁移率非常低,不利于电子传输。
对比例8
本实施例提供一种光电器件的制备,即实施例1中,将本实施例的步骤S15甲苯的转速更换为20000rpm,其余步骤均与实施例1相同。
由图10可见,图中团聚较大颗粒,说明晶胞尺寸较大,并且每个晶胞边界清晰,说明晶胞与晶胞之间间隙较大。粗糙度为1.44nm。
经测试,外量子效率为7.1%。
由此可见,当反向旋涂的上层甲苯溶剂的转速过快时,上层的甲苯溶剂无法带离下层的乙酸溶剂,因此,对第一电子传输材料的结晶状态改善效果较差。与实施例1相比,其粗糙度较高,外量子效率较低。
综上,由本实施例1-2与对比例1-8对比可以说明,通过对薄膜成膜工艺的改进,达到控制晶胞尺寸的目的,改善了第一电子传输材料的结晶状态,降低表面粗糙度,提高了电子传输层的成膜质量,提升了外量子效率,从而提高了电子传输层的电子传输能力。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的一种薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的技术方案及其核心思想;本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例的技术方案的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种薄膜的制备方法,其中,包括如下步骤:
    提供承载界面;
    利用第一溶液在所述承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,所述第一溶液包括第一电子传输材料和第一溶剂;
    将第二溶剂施加于所述电子传输预制层表面,以得到薄膜;
    其中,所述第一电子传输材料为极性第一材料,所述第一溶剂为极性溶剂,所述第二溶剂为非极性溶剂;或者,所述第一电子传输材料为非极性第一材料,所述第一溶剂为非极性溶剂,所述第二溶剂为极性溶剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用第一溶液在所述承载界面上形成电子传输预制层,包括:利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液;
    所述将第二溶剂施加于所述电子传输预制层表面,包括:利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液,其中,沉积时间为10s~15s。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液,其中,所述湿法制膜的方式包括:旋涂、刮刀、丝网印刷、喷雾、喷墨印刷、浸渍涂敷的任一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述承载界面上以第一方向沉积所述第一溶液,其中,采用旋涂时,旋涂工艺参数为:旋涂转速为3000rpm~5000rpm。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,所述沉积时间为20s~30s。
  7. 根据权利要求2或6所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,所述湿法制膜的方式包括:旋涂、刮刀、丝网印刷、喷雾、喷墨印刷、浸渍涂敷的任一种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述利用湿法制膜的方式在所述电子传输预制层上以第二方向沉积所述第二溶剂,其中,采用旋涂时,旋涂工艺参数为:旋涂转速为10000rpm~12000rpm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述第一溶液的浓度为35mg/mL~40mg/mL。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述第一溶剂与所述第二溶剂的体积比为(8~20):1。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,
    所述极性第一材料为介电常数大于3的第一电子传输材料;和/或
    所述极性溶剂为介电常数大于3的有机溶剂;和/或
    所述非极性第一材料为介电常数小于3的第一电子传输材料;和/或
    所述非极性溶剂为介电常数小于3的有机溶剂。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述极性第一材料为具有第一配体的金属氧化物,其中,所述第一配体为包括第一活性基团的第一烷基,其中,所述第一活性基团为羟基、羧基、胺基或者醛基的任一种,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为0-18,0表示所述第一活性基团直接与所述金属氧化物相连;和/或,所述金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任一种;和/或
    所述极性溶剂为含有不超过四个碳原子的酰胺类化合物、酸类化合物、醛类化合物或醇类化合物的任一种;和/或
    所述非极性溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或氯苯的任一种。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述第一活性基团为羟基或胺基时,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为0~18。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述第一活性基团为羧基或醛基时,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为2~18。
  15. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法,其中,所述非极性第一材料为具有第二配体的金属氧化物或有机化合物,其中,所述第二配体为包括第二活性基团的第二烷基,所述第二活性基团为卤素或硝基的任一种,所述第二烷基的碳原子数为0~18,0表示所述第二活性基团直接与所述金属氧化物相连;和/或,所述金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任一种;和/或,所述有机化合物选用C71-丁酸甲基酯、碳60或[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸丁酯的任一种或两种以上混合物;和/或
    所述非极性溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯或氯苯的任一种;和/或
    所述极性溶剂为含有不超过四个碳原子的酰胺类化合物、酸类化合物、醛类化合物或醇类化合物的任一种。
  16. 一种薄膜,其中,由权利要求1-10任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法制得,所述薄膜的材料包括极性第一材料或非极性第一材料,所述极性第一材料为介电常数大于3的电子传输材料,所述非极性第一材料为介电常数小于3的电子传输材料。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的薄膜,其中,所述极性第一材料选自具有第一配体的金属氧化物,其中,所述第一配体选自包含第一活性基团的第一烷基,所述第一活性基团为羟基、羧基、胺基和醛基的任意一种,所述第一烷基的碳原子数为0-18,0表示第一活性基团直接与金属氧化物相连;所述金属氧化物为氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌和掺镁氧化锌的任意一种。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的薄膜,其中,所述非极性第一材料选自具有第二配体的金属氧化物或有机化合物,其中,所述第二配体选自包含第二活性基团的第二烷基,所述第二活性基团选自卤素或硝基,所述第二烷基的碳原子数为0~18,0表示第二活性基团直接与金属氧化物相连;所述金属氧化物选自氧化锌、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、掺铝氧化锌、掺锂氧化锌或掺镁氧化锌的任意一种;所述有机化合物选自C71-丁酸甲基酯、碳60或[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸丁酯的任意一种或两种以上混合物。
  19. 根据权利要求16至18任一项所述的薄膜,其中,所述薄膜的表面粗糙度小于等于0.8nm。
  20. 一种光电器件,包括:叠层结构的阳极层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极层,其中,所述电子传输层由权利要求1-15任一项所述的薄膜的制备方法制得,或者,所述电子传输层包括权利要求16至19任一项所述的薄膜。
PCT/CN2022/139615 2021-12-27 2022-12-16 薄膜及其制备方法及光电器件 WO2023125074A1 (zh)

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