WO2023124932A1 - 建立连接的方法和通信装置 - Google Patents

建立连接的方法和通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023124932A1
WO2023124932A1 PCT/CN2022/138342 CN2022138342W WO2023124932A1 WO 2023124932 A1 WO2023124932 A1 WO 2023124932A1 CN 2022138342 W CN2022138342 W CN 2022138342W WO 2023124932 A1 WO2023124932 A1 WO 2023124932A1
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Prior art keywords
terminal
3gpp
connection
access technology
relay
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PCT/CN2022/138342
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
窦凤辉
金辉
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023124932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124932A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication, and more particularly, to a method and a communication device for establishing a connection.
  • terminal devices for example, smart watches, bracelets, virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) glasses and other wearable devices
  • peripheral powerful terminals for example, smart phones or customer premises equipment
  • CPE customer-premises equipment
  • the present application provides a method and a communication device for establishing a connection, which can make the connection mode between a remote terminal and a relay terminal more flexible in a relay scenario.
  • a method for establishing a connection is provided.
  • the method may be executed by a first terminal, or may be executed by a module or unit in the first terminal.
  • the first terminal For the convenience of description, it is collectively referred to as the first terminal hereinafter.
  • the method includes: the first terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the second terminal; when the wireless access technology is a first non-3rd generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) wireless access technology, the first terminal obtains the non-3GPP information of the second terminal in the first process of the 3GPP radio access technology, and the non-3GPP information is used for the first terminal to establish the The connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology; the first terminal establishes the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology with the second terminal according to the first non-3GPP information; wherein, the The first terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario, and the second terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario; or, the first terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario, and the second terminal It is the remote terminal in the relay scenario.
  • 3rd generation partnership project 3rd generation partnership project
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal in the relay scenario can obtain the information used to establish the connection of the non-3GPP wireless access technology in the process of the 3GPP wireless access technology, thereby establishing the non-3GPP wireless access technology
  • the connection enables the remote terminal and the relay terminal to transmit data through the connection of the non-3GPP wireless access technology, and can effectively utilize the advantage of the non-3GPP short-distance communication protocol.
  • the connection mode between the remote terminal and the relay terminal is more flexible.
  • determining the radio access technology used by the first terminal to communicate with the second terminal includes: the first terminal uses a user equipment route selection policy (UE route selection policy, URSP) or a local policy (local policy), to determine the wireless access technology used to communicate with the second terminal.
  • UE route selection policy UE route selection policy
  • local policy local policy
  • the non-3GPP information includes at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, or address information.
  • the first process includes at least one of the following: the first terminal discovers the second terminal through a 3GPP radio access technology discovery process or a process of establishing a 3GPP radio access technology connection between the first terminal and the second terminal.
  • the process of discovering the 3GPP radio access technology and the process of establishing the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology are the processes of the existing 3GPP radio access technology.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal discovers the first discovery through a 3GPP radio access technology discovery process according to the first discovery parameter Two terminals; wherein, the first discovery parameter includes a relay service code (relay service code, RSC), and the RSC is associated with the first non-3GPP wireless access technology; or the first discovery parameter includes the The RSC and second information, where the second information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the first discovery parameter includes a relay service code (relay service code, RSC), and the RSC is associated with the first non-3GPP wireless access technology
  • the first discovery parameter includes the The RSC and second information, where the second information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal perform an RSC or (RSC+radio access technology) matching process during the discovery process, so that the subsequent relay terminal can establish PDU sessions with different attributes according to the communication requirements of the remote terminal Provide network services for remote terminals.
  • the first discovery parameter includes RSC
  • the method further includes: the first terminal receives third information from a core network device, The third information is used to configure the first discovery parameter for the first terminal, the third information includes indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate that the RSC and the first non-3GPP wireless access Technology is associated.
  • the core network device sends indication information to the terminal device to indicate that the RSC is associated with the radio access technology.
  • the terminal sends or matches RSC during the discovery process; when the core network device does not send indication information to the terminal device, the relay terminal sends or matches RSC and wireless access during the discovery process technology. This way the terminal can perform the discovery process with the appropriate discovery parameters.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal reports fourth information to the core network device, the fourth information is used to indicate The non-3GPP radio access technology supported by the first device.
  • the first terminal establishes the first non-3GPP wireless access technology connection with the second terminal according to the non-3GPP information.
  • Connecting including: in response to acquiring the non-3GPP information, the 3GPP module of the first terminal triggers the non-3GPP module of the first terminal to establish the first non-3GPP wireless access technology with the second terminal connect.
  • the above non-3GPP information is exchanged in the process of 3GPP wireless access technology, it is a step performed by the 3GPP module of the remote terminal or relay terminal, so in order to establish a non-3GPP connection, it is necessary to Internal enhancements are made so that the 3GPP module of the remote terminal or the relay terminal can communicate with the non-3GPP module.
  • the method further includes: the non-3GPP module of the first terminal sends fifth information to the 3GPP module of the first terminal, so The fifth information is used to notify that the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology is established successfully, and the fifth information includes the identifier of the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal Establishing an association relationship between the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology and an application; and/or, the first terminal establishing the connection between the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology and the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology Association relationship; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is a connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the data of the connection between the application and the 3GPP wireless access technology is carried in the Connection of a first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the remote terminal can establish the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology Association of a connection with an application and/or a connection of a 3GPP radio access technology for sending or receiving data over a connection of a non-3GPP radio access technology. For example, if an association relationship between a connection of a non-3GPP radio access technology and an application is established, the remote terminal may determine according to the association relationship to transmit data from the application to the relay terminal through the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology or determine Data carried by the non-3GPP RAT connection is destined for the application.
  • the remote terminal can determine according to the association relationship that the data of the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology passes through the non-3GPP wireless access technology.
  • Wireless access technology for sending or receiving connections.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal Establishing an association relationship between the first non-3GPP wireless access technology connection and the PDU session; and/or, the first terminal establishing the first non-3GPP wireless access technology connection and the 3GPP wireless access technology connection association relationship; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is a connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology corresponds to the PDU session, and the The PDU session is used to bear connection data of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the relay terminal Since the relay terminal needs to forward the data from the non-3GPP radio access technology connection to the network side (such as UPF) through the PDU session, and forward the data from the network side to the remote terminal through the non-3GPP radio access technology connection , therefore, the relay terminal can realize the foregoing forwarding process by establishing an association relationship between the 3GPP connection of the non-radio access technology and the PDU session and/or the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology.
  • the relay terminal terminal may determine to send data from the network side to the remote terminal through the connection of the non-3GPP wireless access technology according to the association relationship Or it is determined that the data carried by the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology should be sent through the PDU session associated with the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the remote terminal can determine according to the association relationship that the data of the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology passes through the non-wireless access technology Access technology for 3GPP connections sent or received.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal Send at least one of the following information to the core network device: sixth information, the identifier of the remote user, or information of the second terminal, where the sixth information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the first non-3GPP wireless access technology includes at least one of the following: WiFi, WiFi direct, bluetooth, zigbee ), radio frequency identification devices (RFID), infrared data transmission (infrared data association, IrDA), ultra-wideband (ultrawideband, UWB), or near-field communication (near-field communication, NFC); and/or, all
  • the 3GPP wireless access technology includes at least one of the following: device to device (device to device, D2D), sidelink (sidelink), or service based on near field (proximity based services, ProSe).
  • a method for establishing a connection is provided.
  • the method may be executed by a first terminal, or may be executed by a module or unit in the first terminal.
  • the first terminal For the convenience of description, it is collectively referred to as the first terminal hereinafter.
  • the method includes: the first terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the second terminal; when the wireless access technology is a first non-3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP wireless access technology, the first The terminal acquires a second discovery parameter used in the discovery process of the first non-3GPP radio access network technology, the second discovery parameter includes at least one of the following: RSC, single network slice selection assistance information (single network slice selection assistance information , S-NSSAI), or a data network name (data network name, DNN); the first terminal discovers the second through the discovery process of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology according to the second discovery parameter terminal, and establish the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology with the second terminal; wherein, the first terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario, and the second terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario or, the first terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario, and the second terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario.
  • RSC single network slice selection assistance information
  • S-NSSAI single network slice
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal in the relay scenario establish a non-3GPP wireless access technology connection, so that the remote terminal and the relay terminal can transmit data through the non-3GPP wireless access technology connection, which can effectively Take advantage of non-3GPP short-range communication protocols.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal can only establish the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology, and the connection mode between the remote terminal and the relay terminal is more flexible.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal perform a matching process of RSC or protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session parameters during the discovery process, so that the subsequent relay terminal can establish a communication protocol with different attributes according to the communication requirements of the remote terminal.
  • PDU session provides network services for remote terminals.
  • the first terminal determining the wireless access technology used for communication with the second terminal includes: the first terminal determines the The wireless access technology used by the second terminal for communication.
  • the acquiring, by the first terminal, a second discovery parameter used in a discovery process of the first non-3GPP radio access network technology includes: The non-3GPP module of the first terminal obtains the second discovery parameter from the 3GPP module of the first terminal.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal acquires the The identifier of the 3GPP radio access technology of the second terminal; and/or, the first terminal acquires the 3GPP radio access technology of the second terminal through the user plane after establishing the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology Enter the identification of the technology.
  • the method further includes: the non-3GPP module of the first terminal sends seventh information to the 3GPP module of the first terminal, so The seventh information is used to notify that the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology is successfully established, and the seventh information includes at least one of the following: the identifier of the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology, the first A discovery parameter associated with a connection of a non-3GPP radio access technology, or an identifier of the 3GPP radio access technology of the second terminal.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal Establishing an association relationship between the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology and an application; and/or, the first terminal establishing the connection between the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology and the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology Association relationship; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is a connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the data of the connection between the application and the 3GPP wireless access technology is carried in the Connection of a first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the remote terminal can establish the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology Association of a connection with an application and/or a connection of a 3GPP radio access technology for sending or receiving data over a connection of a non-3GPP radio access technology. For example, if an association relationship between a connection of a non-3GPP radio access technology and an application is established, the remote terminal may determine according to the association relationship to transmit data from the application to the relay terminal through the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology or determine Data carried by the non-3GPP RAT connection is destined for the application.
  • the remote terminal can determine according to the association relationship that the data of the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology passes through the non-3GPP wireless access technology.
  • Wireless access technology for sending or receiving connections.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal Establishing an association relationship between the first non-3GPP wireless access technology connection and the PDU session; and/or, the first terminal establishing the first non-3GPP wireless access technology connection and the 3GPP wireless access technology connection association relationship; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is a connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology corresponds to the PDU session, and the The PDU session is used to bear connection data of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the relay terminal Since the relay terminal needs to forward the data from the non-3GPP radio access technology connection to the network side (such as UPF) through the PDU session, and forward the data from the network side to the remote terminal through the non-3GPP radio access technology connection , therefore, the relay terminal can realize the foregoing forwarding process by establishing an association relationship between the 3GPP connection of the non-radio access technology and the PDU session and/or the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology.
  • the relay terminal terminal may determine to send data from the network side to the remote terminal through the connection of the non-3GPP wireless access technology according to the association relationship Or it is determined that the data carried by the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology should be sent through the PDU session associated with the connection of the non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the remote terminal can determine according to the association relationship that the data of the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology passes through the non-wireless access technology Access technology for 3GPP connections sent or received.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal Send at least one of the following information to the core network device: sixth information, the identifier of the remote user, or information of the second terminal, where the sixth information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the first non-3GPP wireless access technology includes at least one of the following: WiFi, WiFi Direct, Bluetooth, zigbee, RFID, IrDA, UWB , or NFC; and/or, the 3GPP wireless access technology includes at least one of the following: D2D, sidelink, or ProSe.
  • a method for establishing a connection is provided.
  • the method may be executed by a core network device, or by a module or unit in the core network device.
  • a core network device For the convenience of description, it is collectively referred to as a core network device hereinafter.
  • the method includes: a core network device receiving fourth information reported by a first terminal, where the fourth information is used to indicate the non-3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP wireless access technology supported by the first device; the core network The device sends third information to the first terminal, the third information is used to configure a first discovery parameter for the first terminal, the first discovery parameter includes RSC, the third information includes indication information, and the The indication information is used to indicate that the RSC is associated with the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the core network device may be a policy control function (policy control function, PCF).
  • policy control function policy control function
  • the core network device sends indication information to the terminal device to indicate that the RSC is associated with the radio access technology.
  • the terminal sends or matches RSC during the discovery process; when the core network device does not send indication information to the terminal device, the relay terminal sends or matches RSC and wireless access during the discovery process technology. This way the terminal can perform the discovery process with the appropriate discovery parameters.
  • the present application provides a communication device, which is configured to execute the method provided in any one of the foregoing aspects or its implementation manner.
  • the apparatus may include a unit and/or module, such as a processing unit and/or a communication unit, for performing the method provided by any of the above aspects or its implementation manner.
  • the apparatus is a first terminal or a core network device.
  • the communication unit may be a transceiver, or an input/output interface;
  • the processing unit may be at least one processor.
  • the transceiver is a transceiver circuit.
  • the input/output interface is an input/output circuit.
  • the apparatus is a chip, a chip system or a circuit used in the first terminal or core network equipment.
  • the communication unit may be an input/output interface, interface circuit, output circuit, input circuit, Pins or related circuits, etc.
  • the processing unit may be at least one processor, processing circuit, or logic circuit, etc.
  • the present application provides a communication device, which includes: a memory for storing programs; at least one processor for executing the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory to perform any of the above aspects or its implementation provided method.
  • the apparatus is a first terminal or a core network device.
  • the apparatus is a chip, a chip system or a circuit used in the first terminal or core network equipment.
  • the present application provides a processor configured to execute the methods provided in the foregoing aspects.
  • the processor's output and reception, input and other operations can also be understood as the sending and receiving operations performed by the radio frequency circuit and the antenna, which is not limited in this application.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable medium stores program code for execution by a device, and the program code includes a method for executing any one of the above aspects or its implementation.
  • the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions.
  • the computer program product When the computer program product is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the method provided by any one of the above aspects or its implementation.
  • the present application provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the processor reads the instructions stored in the memory through the communication interface, and executes the method provided by any one of the above aspects or its implementation.
  • the chip further includes a memory, in which computer programs or instructions are stored, and the processor is used to execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, the processor is used to execute The method provided by any one of the above aspects or its implementation.
  • the present application provides a communication system, including the above-mentioned first terminal or core network device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture to which the technical solution of the present application can be applied.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another network architecture to which the technical solution of the present application can be applied.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of layer 3 relay.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method 400 for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another method 500 for establishing a connection provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall flow of the method for establishing a connection provided in this application.
  • Fig. 7 is an example of a method for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal enhancement of the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of the overall flow of the method for establishing a connection provided in this application.
  • Fig. 10 is another example of the method for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic diagram of the overall flow of the method for establishing a connection provided in this application.
  • Fig. 12 is another example of the method for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • Fig. 13 is another schematic diagram of the internal enhancement of the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is another schematic structural diagram of the device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the technical solution provided by this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: the fifth generation ( 5th generation, 5G) or new radio (new radio, NR) system, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, LTE frequency A frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, and the like.
  • the technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation mobile communication system.
  • the technical solution provided by this application can also be applied to device to device (device to device, D2D) communication, vehicle to everything (vehicle-to-everything, V2X) communication, machine to machine (machine to machine, M2M) communication, machine type communication (machine type communication, MTC), and the Internet of Things (internet of things, IoT) communication system or other communication systems.
  • D2D device to device
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • M2M machine to machine
  • MTC machine type communication
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture.
  • the network architecture takes a 5G system (the 5 th generation system, 5GS) as an example.
  • the network architecture may include three parts, namely a user equipment (user equipment, UE) part, a data network (data network, DN) part, and an operator network part.
  • the operator network may include one or more of the following network elements: (wireless) access network ((radio) access network, (R) AN) equipment, user plane function (user plane function, UPF) network element, Authentication server function (authentication server function, AUSF) network element, access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) network element, session management function (session management function, SMF) network element, service communication agent (service communication proxy, SCP), network slice selection function (network slice selection function, NSSF) network element, network exposure function (network exposure function, NEF) network element, network repository function (network repository function, NRF) network element, policy control Function module (policy control function, PCF) network element, unified data management (unified data management, UDM) network element and application function (application function, AF) network element.
  • wireless wireless access network
  • UPF user plane function
  • UPF user plane function
  • AUSF access and mobility management function
  • AMF session management function
  • SMF session management function
  • SMF service communication agent
  • the part other than the RAN part may be referred to as the core network part.
  • user equipment, (wireless) access network equipment, UPF network element, AUSF network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, SCP network element, NSSF network element, NEF network element, NRF network element, PCF network element Network elements, UDM network elements, and AF network elements are referred to as UE, (R)AN equipment, UPF, AUSF, UDR, AMF, SMF, SCP, NSSF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM, and AF respectively.
  • Each network element involved in FIG. 1 is briefly described below.
  • the UE mainly accesses the 5G network through the wireless air interface and obtains services.
  • the UE interacts with the RAN through the air interface, and interacts with the AMF of the core network through non-access stratum signaling (non-access stratum, NAS).
  • non-access stratum non-access stratum
  • the UE in this embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as a terminal device, user, access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, User Agent or User Device.
  • a UE can be a cellular phone, a smart watch, a wireless data card, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) computer, a wireless modem, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a machine type communication (MTC) ) terminals, computers with wireless transceiver functions, Internet of Things terminals, virtual reality terminal devices, augmented reality terminal devices, wearable devices, vehicles, terminals in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicles ( Terminals in vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, terminals in machine-type communication (MTC), terminals in Internet of Things (IOT), terminals in smart office, terminals in industrial control , terminals in unmanned driving, terminals in remote surgery, terminals in smart grids, terminals in transportation security, terminals in smart cities, terminals in smart homes, terminals in satellite communications (for example, satellite phones or satellite terminal).
  • the UE may also be customer-premises equipment (CPE), telephone, router, network switch, residential gateway (residential gateway
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific technology and specific equipment form adopted by the UE.
  • the (R)AN device can provide authorized users in a specific area with the function of accessing the communication network. Specifically, it can include wireless network devices in the 3rd generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) network, and can also include non-3GPP (non- 3GPP) access point in the network.
  • 3rd generation partnership project 3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP
  • non-3GPP non- 3GPP
  • AN devices may use different wireless access technologies.
  • 3GPP access technologies for example, wireless access technologies used in third generation (3rd generation, 3G), fourth generation (4th generation, 4G) or 5G systems
  • non- 3GPP (non-3GPP) access technology refers to the access technology that complies with the 3GPP standard specifications.
  • the access network equipment in the 5G system is called the next generation Node Base station (gNB) or RAN equipment.
  • Non-3GPP access technologies may include air interface technology represented by access point (AP) in wireless fidelity (WiFi), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), code Multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA), etc.
  • the AN device may allow non-3GPP technology interconnection and intercommunication between the terminal device and the 3GPP core network.
  • the AN device can be responsible for functions such as wireless resource management, quality of service (QoS) management, data compression and encryption on the air interface side.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the AN equipment provides access services for the terminal equipment, and then completes the forwarding of control signals and user data between the terminal equipment and the core network.
  • AN equipment may include, but not limited to, for example: a macro base station, a micro base station (also called a small station), a radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC), a node B (Node B, NB), a base station controller (base station controller) , BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (baseband unit, BBU), AP in WiFi system, WiMAX in (base station, BS), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (transmission point, TP) or sending and receiving point (transmission and reception point, TRP), etc., can also be used in 5G (eg, NR) system gNB or transmission point (TRP or TP), one or a group (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of the base station in the 5G system, or it can also be a network node that constitutes a gNB or transmission point
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the AN device.
  • UPF is mainly responsible for user plane path management and data distribution, including terminal IP address management, tunnel information management, traffic detection, user plane forwarding, and billing.
  • the UPF can receive user plane data from the DN, and send the user plane data to the terminal device through the AN device.
  • UPF can also receive user plane data from terminal equipment through AN equipment and forward it to DN.
  • the DN is mainly used in the operator's network that provides data services for the UE.
  • the Internet Internet
  • a third-party service network IP multimedia service (IP multi-media service, IMS) network, and the like.
  • IP multimedia service IP multi-media service, IMS
  • AUSF is mainly used for user authentication and so on.
  • AMF mainly provides functions such as mobility management, lawful interception, or access authorization and authentication.
  • SMF is mainly used to implement session and bearer management, address allocation, etc.
  • NEF is mainly used to securely open services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions to the outside.
  • NRF is mainly used to store description information of network functional entities and the services they provide.
  • PCF is mainly used to guide a unified policy framework for network behavior, and provide policy rule information for control plane network elements (such as AMF, SMF, etc.).
  • UDM is mainly used for UE subscription data management, including storage and management of UE ID, UE access authorization, etc.
  • the AF mainly provides users with a certain type of service server, so it can also be called an application server or a service server.
  • the AF may be an AF deployed by the operator's network itself, or a third-party AF.
  • various network elements can communicate through interfaces.
  • the interface between network elements may be a point-to-point interface or a service interface, which is not limited in this application.
  • network architecture shown above is only an example, and the network architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, and any network architecture capable of realizing the functions of the foregoing network elements is applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the functions or network elements such as AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, AUSF, NEF, NRF, and AF shown in Figure 1 can be understood as network elements for realizing different functions, for example, they can be combined as needed into network slices.
  • These network elements can be independent devices, or can be integrated in the same device to achieve different functions, or can be network elements in hardware devices, or software functions running on dedicated hardware, or platforms (for example, cloud The virtualization function instantiated on the platform), this application does not limit the specific form of the above network elements.
  • the technical solution provided in this application can be applied to a relay scenario where a remote terminal connects to a network through a relay terminal.
  • the technical solution provided by this application can be applied to scenarios such as extended reality (extended reality, XR), VR, augmented reality (augmented reality, AR), or mixed reality (mixed reality, MR).
  • XR extended reality
  • VR augmented reality
  • MR mixed reality
  • VR, AR, or MR devices can use the technical solution of this application to establish a connection with the relay terminal, so that XR, VR, AR, or MR devices and relay terminals
  • the established connection method is more flexible, which is conducive to the application of XR, VR, AR, or MR.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture in a relay scenario.
  • the network architecture shown in FIG. 2 may be based on the 5G architecture shown in FIG. 1 , but is not limited thereto.
  • the network architecture includes remote terminals, relay terminals, data network parts, and operator network parts (such as the RAN part and 5G core network (5G core, 5GC) part in Figure 2), where the data network
  • the part and the operator part can refer to the description in FIG. 1 , and will not be repeated here.
  • the remote terminal performs data interaction with the data network through the relay terminal, RAN (such as NG-RAN), and 5GC.
  • RAN such as NG-RAN
  • 5GC 5G core network
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal may communicate through, for example, the PC5 interface.
  • the relay terminal and the RAN may communicate through, for example, a Uu interface.
  • 5GC such as UPF can communicate with the data network through such as N6 interface.
  • connection between the remote terminal and the relay terminal may be a third generation partnership project (the 3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) connection, or a non-3GPP (non-3GPP) connection.
  • 3GPP third generation partnership project
  • non-3GPP non-3GPP
  • the terminal that obtains the relay service is referred to as a remote terminal
  • the remote terminal may also be referred to as a remote UE (remote UE), etc., and is collectively referred to as a remote terminal hereinafter.
  • the remote terminal can be wearable devices such as watches, bracelets, augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) glasses/virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) glasses, etc. .
  • relay terminal a terminal that provides relay services
  • a relay terminal may also be referred to as a relay UE (relay UE), or a layer 3 UE-to-network relay, etc., hereinafter collectively referred to as a relay terminal.
  • relay terminal may be a smart phone, a CPE, or the like.
  • Layer 3 relay means that the relay terminal performs the relay of the network layer (for example, IP layer) for the remote terminal. That is, the relay terminal receives the uplink IP packet sent by the remote terminal, and sends the IP packet of the remote terminal to the UPF through its connection with the network; correspondingly, after the relay terminal receives the downlink IP packet sent by the UPF, it sends the downlink IP packet The IP packet is sent to the remote terminal and finally processed by the application layer of the remote terminal.
  • IP layer 3 relay means that the relay terminal performs the relay of the network layer (for example, IP layer) for the remote terminal. That is, the relay terminal receives the uplink IP packet sent by the remote terminal, and sends the IP packet of the remote terminal to the UPF through its connection with the network; correspondingly, after the relay terminal receives the downlink IP packet sent by the UPF, it sends the downlink IP packet The IP packet is sent to the remote terminal and finally processed by the application layer of the remote terminal.
  • IP layer for example, IP layer
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of layer 3 relay.
  • Step 1a authorizing the relay terminal and providing authorization information.
  • the authorization information may include a relay service code (relay service code, RSC) configured for the relay terminal, and a protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session parameter corresponding to each RSC.
  • RSC relay service code
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the RSC is used to identify a relay connection, and for the relay terminal, the RSC may identify a connection service provided by the relay terminal to the remote terminal.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type (PDU Session type), data network name (data network name, DNN), session and service continuity (session and service continuity, SSC) mode (mode), Single network slice selection assistance information (single network slice selection assistance information, S-NSSAI), or access type preference (access type preference).
  • Step 1b authorizing the remote terminal and providing authorization information.
  • the authorization information may include a relay service code (relay service code, RSC) configured for the remote terminal, and PDU session parameters corresponding to each RSC.
  • RSC relay service code
  • PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • Step 2 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • the relay terminal sends a PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the RAN and the AMF, and the SMF sends a PDU session establishment reception message to the UE through the AMF and the RAN.
  • step 2 is an optional step.
  • step 3 the remote terminal executes a relay terminal discovery procedure (relay UE discovery procedure).
  • One possible implementation mode is that the application (application, APP) on the remote terminal is started; if it is determined through the user equipment route selection policy (UE route selection policy, URSP) that the APP can use the layer 3 relay service, the remote terminal Execute the relay terminal discovery process.
  • the relay terminal broadcasts the RSC(s) of the connection service it can provide to the remote terminal, when the desired connection of the remote terminal matches the RSC broadcasted by the relay terminal , the remote terminal discovers the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal broadcasts its desired RSC, and when the RSC of the connection service that the relay terminal can provide to the remote terminal matches the RSC broadcast by the remote terminal, the middle terminal The relay terminal responds to the remote terminal, and the remote terminal and the relay terminal execute the relay terminal discovery process.
  • Step 4 the remote terminal selects a relay terminal, and establishes a connection for communication in unicast mode with the selected relay terminal.
  • the relay terminal determines whether to create a new PDU session according to the correspondence between the RSC and the PDU session parameters, that is, whether the PDU session in step 2 satisfies the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC. If the PDU session in step 2 does not meet the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC, the relay terminal establishes a new PDU session; if the PDU session in step 2 meets the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC, the relay terminal does not need to establish a new PDU session.
  • Step 5 the relay terminal executes an IP router (IP router) function, and assigns an IP address or a prefix to the remote terminal.
  • IP router IP router
  • step 5 is an optional step.
  • Step 6 If the remote terminal has special quality of service (QoS) requirements, the remote terminal can request to create or modify a QoS flow (QoS flow).
  • QoS quality of service
  • the remote terminal sends a connection modification request message (link modification request) to the relay terminal, and the message carries PC5 QoS parameters.
  • the relay terminal maps PC5 QoS parameters to Uu QoS parameters, and judges whether to create or modify QoS flows. If the relay terminal judges that a QoS flow needs to be created or modified, the relay terminal executes a PDU session modification to create or modify a QoS flow; if the relay terminal judges that a QoS flow does not need to be created or modified, the relay terminal does not execute a PDU session modification.
  • Step 7 The relay terminal sends a remote terminal report to the SMF, which is used by the network side to perform lawful interception on the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal report may include at least one of the following: remote user ID (remote User ID), remote terminal information (remote UE info).
  • the layer 3 relay shown in Figure 3 is a relay communication in the 5G ProSe communication scenario, where step 3 may correspond to PC5 discovery (PC5-D), and steps 3, 4 and 5 may correspond to PC5 signaling ( PC5-S), wherein PC5 is an interface between terminals.
  • PC5-D PC5 discovery
  • PC5-S PC5 signaling
  • lay3 can also be in the form of L3, lay-3, lay3, Lay-3, or Lay3, etc., which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • Layer 2 is similar to layer 3 and will not be repeated here.
  • a 3GPP connection can be understood as a connection using a 3GPP protocol, a 3GPP interface, or a 3GPP wireless access technology, which is collectively referred to as a 3GPP connection hereinafter.
  • the 3GPP connection may be a connection that adopts or meets communication protocols or standards such as D2D, sidelink, or ProSe.
  • a non-3GPP connection may be understood as a connection using a non-3GPP protocol, a non-3GPP interface, or a non-3GPP wireless access technology, which is collectively referred to as a non-3GPP connection hereinafter.
  • the non-3GPP connection can be WiFi or wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN) hotspot, WiFi direct, bluetooth, zigbee, radio frequency identification (radio frequency).
  • identification devices RFID
  • infrared data association infrared data association
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • NFC near-field communication
  • the 3GPP module may be a module or unit for realizing communication of the 3GPP radio access technology, such as a 3GPP modem and the like.
  • the non-3GPP module may be a module or unit for realizing communication of non-3GPP wireless access technologies, such as a Bluetooth module, a WiFi module, and the like.
  • for indicating” or “indicating” may include both for direct indicating and for indirect indicating, or “for indicating” or “indicating” may be explicitly and/or implicitly instruct.
  • an implicit indication may be based on the location and/or resources used for transmission; an explicit indication may be based on one or more parameters, and/or one or more indices, and/or one or more bits it represents model.
  • the first, second, third, fourth and various numbers are only for convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. For example, different fields, different indication information, etc. are distinguished.
  • pre-definition can be realized by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in devices (for example, including terminals and network devices).
  • This application does not make any specific implementation methods. limited.
  • "preserving” may refer to storing in one or more memories.
  • the one or more memories may be provided independently, or may be integrated in an encoder or decoder, a processor, or a communication device. A part of the one or more memories may also be set independently, and a part may be integrated in a decoder, processor, or communication device.
  • the type of the storage may be any form of storage medium, which is not limited in this application.
  • the "protocols" involved in the embodiments of the present application may refer to standard protocols in the communication field, for example, may include LTE protocols, NR protocols, and related protocols applied in future communication systems, which are not limited in this application.
  • At least one means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • And/or describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the contextual objects are an “or” relationship.
  • At least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • At least one (one) of a, b and c may represent: a, or, b, or, c, or, a and b, or, a and c, or, b and c, or, a , b and c.
  • a, b and c can be single or multiple.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method 400 for establishing a connection provided by this application. Without loss of generality, in method 400, the method for establishing a connection in this application is described in an interactive form. Method 400 may include at least some of the following.
  • step 401 the remote terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the relay terminal.
  • the wireless communication technology here may be a 3GPP wireless access technology, or a non-3GPP wireless communication technology.
  • the remote terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the relay terminal, which are not limited.
  • the remote terminal may determine the wireless access technology used for communicating with the relay terminal through a local policy (local policy).
  • local policy local policy
  • the remote terminal may determine the wireless access technology used to communicate with the relay terminal through the URSP.
  • URSP needs to be enhanced, for example, PC5 RAT preference (PC5 RAT preference) is added to the route selection components of the route selection descriptor. Table 1 below is an example of the routing descriptor of the present application.
  • Step 402 the relay terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the remote terminal.
  • the manner in which the relay terminal determines the wireless access technology used to communicate with the remote terminal is the same as the manner in which the remote terminal determines the wireless access technology used to communicate with the relay terminal, and reference may be made to step 401 , which will not be described again.
  • Step 403 when the non-3GPP radio access technology is adopted, the remote terminal and the relay terminal can exchange non-3GPP information for establishing a non-3GPP connection through the procedure of the 3GPP radio access technology.
  • non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following information: device name, hotspot name, or address information.
  • the remote terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal to the relay terminal through the process of 3GPP wireless access technology, and receives the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal sent by the relay terminal;
  • the technical process sends the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal to the remote terminal, and receives the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal sent by the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information during the discovery process of the 3GPP radio access technology, such as the discovery process shown in step 3 in FIG. 3 .
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information during the process of establishing a 3GPP connection, such as the connection establishment process shown in step 4 of FIG. 3 .
  • Step 404 the remote terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal according to the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal; and the relay terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the remote terminal according to the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal.
  • the 3GPP module of the remote terminal or relay terminal Since the above-mentioned non-3GPP information is exchanged in the process of 3GPP wireless access technology, it is a step performed by the 3GPP module of the remote terminal or relay terminal. Therefore, in order to establish a non-3GPP connection, the 3GPP information of the remote terminal or relay terminal is required.
  • the module communicates with the non-3GPP module. Specifically, taking the remote terminal as an example, in response to acquiring the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal, the 3GPP module of the remote terminal triggers the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal to establish a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • the implementation of the relay terminal is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal may send fifth information to the 3GPP module of the remote terminal, the fifth information is used to notify the non-3GPP connection that the establishment is successful, and the fifth information includes Identification of non-3GPP connections.
  • the implementation of the relay terminal is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the method 400 further includes step 405 and step 406 .
  • Step 405 the remote terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the application, and/or the remote terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the 3GPP connection (such as generating the PC5 QoS flow identification ( PC5 QoS flow identifier, PFI) relationship).
  • the 3GPP connection is the connection between the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • a 3GPP connection is established between the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information during the establishment of the 3GPP connection
  • the remote terminal There is both a non-3GPP connection and a 3GPP connection between the end terminal and the relay terminal. Since it is expected in this application that the remote terminal and the relay terminal transmit data through a non-3GPP connection instead of a 3GPP connection, the remote terminal can implement the non-3GPP connection by establishing an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the application and/or 3GPP connection.
  • a connection sends or receives data.
  • the remote terminal may determine, according to the association relationship, to transmit data from the application to the relay terminal through the non-3GPP connection or determine that the data carried by the non-3GPP connection is sent to the application. For another example, if an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the 3GPP connection is established, the remote terminal may determine according to the association relationship that the data of the 3GPP connection is sent or received through the non-3GPP connection.
  • the remote terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PFI of the 3GPP connection
  • the PFI has an association relationship with the PDU session
  • the non-3GPP connection establishes an association relationship with the PFI of the 3GPP connection
  • the existing 3GPP relay mechanism can be better utilized.
  • a non-3GPP connection has been established between the remote terminal and the relay terminal, but no 3GPP connection has been established, for example, when the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information during the 3GPP discovery process In this case, the 3GPP connection may not be established between the remote terminal and the relay terminal. Since there is no 3GPP connection between the remote terminal and the relay terminal, the remote terminal can send or receive data through the non-3GPP connection by establishing an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the application.
  • Step 406 the relay terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PDU session, and/or, the relay terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the 3GPP connection (such as generating the association relationship between the identification of the non-3GPP connection and the PFI of the 3GPP connection ).
  • the 3GPP connection is the connection between the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • a 3GPP connection is established between the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information during the establishment of the 3GPP connection
  • the remote There is both a non-3GPP connection and a 3GPP connection between the end terminal and the relay terminal. Since the relay terminal needs to forward the data from the non-3GPP connection to the network side (such as UPF) through the PDU session, and forward the data from the network side to the remote terminal through the non-3GPP connection, the relay terminal can establish a non-3GPP The association relationship between the connection and the PDU session and/or 3GPP connection realizes the above forwarding process.
  • the relay terminal can determine to send data from the network side to the remote terminal through the non-3GPP connection or determine the data carried on the non-3GPP connection according to the association relationship. SHOULD be sent over the PDU session associated with this non-3GPP connection.
  • the remote terminal may determine according to the association relationship that the data of the 3GPP connection is sent or received through the non-3GPP connection.
  • the remote terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PFI of the 3GPP connection
  • the PFI has an association relationship with the PDU session
  • the non-3GPP connection establishes an association relationship with the PFI of the 3GPP connection
  • the existing 3GPP relay mechanism can be better utilized.
  • a non-3GPP connection has been established between the remote terminal and the relay terminal, but no 3GPP connection has been established, for example, when the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information during the 3GPP discovery process In this case, the 3GPP connection may not be established between the remote terminal and the relay terminal. Since there is no 3GPP connection between the remote terminal and the relay terminal, the relay terminal can establish an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PDU session.
  • the method 400 further includes step 407 .
  • Step 407 the relay terminal sends at least one of the following information to the core network device: the sixth information used to indicate the non-3GPP radio access technology determined in step 402, the identity of the remote user, or the information of the remote terminal, so that The network side performs lawful interception on the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal may perform a 3GPP radio access technology discovery process.
  • the discovery parameters used by the remote terminal and the relay terminal have the following two situations:
  • the discovery parameter includes RSC, and the RSC is associated with the radio access technology determined in step 401 .
  • the RSC is not only associated with the PDU session parameters, but also associated with the radio access technology.
  • the remote terminal selects a relay terminal that matches both the PDU session parameters and the radio access technology during the discovery process.
  • the remote terminal can send the RSC through the discovery message (in mode A) or match the RSC sent by the relay terminal (in mode B).
  • the relay terminal can match the RSC sent by the remote terminal (in mode A) or send the RSC to the remote terminal through a discovery message (in mode B).
  • RSCs are associated with radio access technologies, and it can be understood that each RSC corresponds to a radio access technology.
  • the radio access technologies corresponding to different RSCs may be the same or different.
  • the discovery parameter includes the RSC and the second information used to indicate the radio access technology determined in step 401 .
  • the RSC Since the RSC is not associated with the radio access technology, in order for the remote terminal to select a relay terminal with matching PDU session parameters and radio access technology during the discovery process, the above-mentioned second information needs to be added to the discovery parameters.
  • the remote terminal may send the RSC and the second information through a discovery message (in mode A) or match the RSC and the second information sent by the relay terminal (in mode B).
  • the relay terminal can match the RSC and the second information sent by the remote terminal (in mode A) or send the RSC and the second information to the remote terminal through a discovery message (in mode B).
  • the RSC is associated with a radio access technology, and may be indicated by a core network device such as a PCF to a remote terminal or a relay terminal.
  • the method 400 may further include steps 408 and 409 .
  • Step 408 the core network device sends information for indicating that the RSC is associated with the radio access technology to the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal receives information from the core network device.
  • the core network device sends third information to the remote terminal, and the third information is used to configure discovery parameters for the 3GPP discovery process for the remote terminal.
  • the third information includes indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate that the RSC is associated with the radio access technology determined in step 401 .
  • the remote terminal when the third information includes the indication information, the remote terminal sends or matches the RSC during the discovery process; when the third information does not include the indication information, the remote terminal sends or matches the RSC and the radio access technology during the discovery process.
  • Step 409 the core network device sends information for indicating that the RSC is associated with the radio access technology to the relay terminal.
  • the relay terminal receives information from the core network device.
  • the core network device sends third information to the relay terminal, and the third information is used to configure discovery parameters for the 3GPP discovery process for the relay terminal.
  • the third information includes indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate that the RSC is associated with the radio access technology determined in step 401 .
  • the relay terminal when the third information includes the indication information, the relay terminal sends or matches the RSC during the discovery process; when the third information does not include the indication information, the relay terminal sends or matches the RSC and the radio access technology during the discovery process.
  • the method 400 may further include step 410 and/or step 411, that is, the remote terminal and/or the relay terminal may report fourth information, that is, the radio access technology supported by itself, to a core network device such as PCF.
  • the remote terminal sends the radio access technology supported by the remote terminal to the AMF; the AMF forwards the radio access technology supported by the remote terminal to the PCF.
  • the implementation of the relay terminal is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the method 400 can realize data transmission between the remote terminal and the relay terminal through a non-3GPP connection, can effectively use the advantages of the non-3GPP short-distance communication protocol, and make the communication between the remote terminal and the relay terminal
  • the connection method is more flexible.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal perform an RSC or (RSC+radio access technology) matching process during the discovery process, so that the relay terminal can establish PDU sessions with different attributes according to the communication requirements of the remote terminal Provide network services for remote terminals.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another method 500 for establishing a connection provided by the present application. Without loss of generality, in method 500, the method for establishing a connection in this application is described in an interactive form. Method 500 may include at least some of the following.
  • step 501 the remote terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the relay terminal.
  • Step 502 the relay terminal determines the wireless access technology used for communicating with the remote terminal.
  • Steps 501-502 are the same as steps 401-402 in FIG. 4, and reference may be made to the description of steps 401-402, which will not be described in detail here.
  • Step 503 when the non-3GPP radio access technology is adopted, the remote terminal can acquire the discovery parameters used in the discovery process of the non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the discovery parameter includes part or all of the RSC or the PDU session parameter corresponding to the RSC.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the RSC here may be the RSC expected by the remote terminal.
  • the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal obtains the discovery parameters used in the discovery process of the non-3GPP radio access technology from the 3GPP module of the remote terminal.
  • the "acquisition” here may be active acquisition by the non-3GPP module, or passive reception by the non-3GPP module, without limitation.
  • Step 504 when the non-3GPP radio access technology is adopted, the relay terminal may acquire discovery parameters used in the discovery process of the non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the discovery parameter includes part or all of the RSC or the PDU session parameter corresponding to the RSC.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the RSC here may be the RSC that the relay terminal can provide.
  • the non-3GPP module of the relay terminal acquires the discovery parameters used in the discovery process of the non-3GPP radio access technology from the 3GPP module of the relay terminal.
  • the "obtaining" here can be actively acquired by the non-3GPP module, or passively received by the non-3GPP module, without limitation.
  • step 505 the remote terminal and the relay terminal perform a non-3GPP radio access technology discovery process according to the discovery parameters obtained in steps 503 and 504, and establish a non-3GPP connection.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal do not perform 3GPP-related procedures (such as the 3GPP discovery process or connection establishment process), after the remote terminal and the relay terminal establish a non-3GPP connection, the remote terminal's The 3GPP module does not know the 3GPP-related information of the relay terminal connected to the opposite end, and the 3GPP module of the relay terminal does not know the 3GPP-related information of the remote terminal connected to the opposite end.
  • 3GPP-related procedures such as the 3GPP discovery process or connection establishment process
  • the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal may send seventh information to the 3GPP module of the remote terminal, the seventh information is used to notify the non-3GPP connection that the establishment is successful, and the seventh information At least one of the following is included: an identifier of the non-3GPP connection, a discovery parameter associated with the non-3GPP connection, or a 3GPP identifier of the relay terminal.
  • the implementation of the relay terminal is similar, except that the non-3GPP module of the relay terminal sends the 3GPP identifier of the remote terminal to the 3GPP module of the relay terminal, which will not be repeated here.
  • the method 500 further includes at least one of step 506, step 507, step 508, step 509, step 510, step 511, and step 512.
  • Steps 506-512 are the same as steps 405-411 in FIG. 4, and reference may be made to the description of steps 405-411, which will not be repeated here.
  • the method 500 can realize data transmission between the remote terminal and the relay terminal through a non-3GPP connection, can effectively use the advantages of the non-3GPP short-distance communication protocol, and make the connection between the remote terminal and the relay terminal
  • the connection method is more flexible.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal perform the RSC or PDU session parameter matching process when performing the discovery process, so that the relay terminal can establish PDU sessions with different attributes according to the communication requirements of the remote terminal as the remote terminal Provide network services.
  • the technical solution of the present application has been described in general with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .
  • the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
  • the RAN is NG-RAN as an example for description.
  • the PC5 radio access technology type may correspond to the above radio access technology
  • the L2 connection may correspond to the above 3GPP connection
  • the ProSe discovery process may correspond to the above 3GPP discovery process.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall flow of the method for establishing a connection provided in this application.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal can communicate through a non-3GPP connection (such as Bluetooth, WiFi Direct or WiFi, etc.).
  • a non-3GPP connection such as Bluetooth, WiFi Direct or WiFi, etc.
  • Step 1 the application on the remote terminal is started.
  • step 2 the remote terminal determines through the URSP that the application can use layer 3 relay services.
  • Step 3 the remote terminal determines the PC5 radio access technology (radio access technology, RAT) type used to communicate with the relay terminal.
  • PC5 radio access technology radio access technology, RAT
  • the remote terminal can locally determine the PC5 RAT type.
  • the remote terminal can determine the PC5 RAT type through URSP.
  • URSP needs to be enhanced, for example, PC5 RAT preference is added in the routing component of the routing descriptor, see Table 1 above for details.
  • Step 4 the remote terminal determines the RSC.
  • the remote terminal may simultaneously consider the PC5 RAT type corresponding to the RSC when determining the RSC, and the determined PC5 RAT type corresponding to the RSC is consistent with the PC5 RAT type determined in step 3.
  • the remote terminal may determine the RSC in a manner in the prior art, that is, the remote terminal does not consider the association relationship between the RSC and the PC5 RAT type when determining the RSC.
  • Step 5 the remote terminal performs a proximity based services (ProSe) discovery process, that is, the remote terminal performs a relay terminal discovery process.
  • ProSe proximity based services
  • the remote terminal can send (in mode A) or match (in mode B) the RSC.
  • the remote terminal can send (in mode A) or match (in mode B) the RSC and PC5 RAT type.
  • Step 6 the remote terminal establishes an L2 connection with the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal to the relay terminal and acquires the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal.
  • the non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, media access control (media access control, MAC) address, and the like.
  • step 7 the 3GPP module of the remote terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to discover the relay terminal, and the non-3GPP module establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • Step 8 the remote terminal binds the non-3GPP connection with the application or the PFI.
  • the remote terminal establishes an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the application or PFI.
  • Step 1 the relay terminal executes the ProSe discovery process.
  • the relay terminal can send (in mode B) or match (in mode A) the RSC.
  • the remote terminal can send (in mode B) or match (in mode A) the RSC and PC5 RAT type.
  • Step 2 the relay terminal establishes an L2 connection with the remote terminal.
  • the relay terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal to the remote terminal, and acquires the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal.
  • the non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, MAC address and so on.
  • step 3 the 3GPP module of the relay terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to open the non-3GPP connection.
  • the open non-3GPP connection here may be, for example, making the relay terminal enter a discoverable state, broadcast a hotspot, connect to a designated hotspot, connect to a designated device, and so on.
  • Step 4 the relay terminal verifies the remote terminal, and establishes a non-3GPP connection with the remote terminal when the remote terminal passes the verification.
  • Step 5 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • Step 5 is optional. For example, if the relay terminal determines that the existing PDU session does not meet the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC according to the corresponding relationship between RSC and PDU session parameters, then the relay terminal establishes a PDU session; If it is determined that the existing PDU session satisfies the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC, the relay terminal does not need to establish a PDU session.
  • Step 6 the relay terminal establishes an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PDU session, packet filter (packet filter) or PFI.
  • Step 7 the relay terminal can start to relay data.
  • the relay terminal may also perform steps 3 and 4 as performed by the remote terminal.
  • the difference is that the relay terminal may determine the RSC by obtaining the RSC that the relay terminal can provide.
  • Fig. 7 is an example of a method for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • Step 701a authorize the relay terminal and provide authorization information.
  • the authorization information may include the RSC configured for the relay terminal, and the PDU session parameters corresponding to each RSC.
  • the RSC is used to identify a relay connection, and for the relay terminal, the RSC may identify a connection service provided by the relay terminal to the remote terminal.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the present application may enhance step 701a including: the relay terminal sends the PC5 RAT type supported by the relay terminal to the AMF; the AMF forwards the PC5 RAT type supported by the relay terminal to the PCF; the PCF configures discovery parameters (discovery parameters) to the relay terminal ), the discovery parameter includes the PC5 RAT type, and the PC5 RAT type indicates the RAT type used by the PC5 interface in the relay service provided by the RSC, that is, the connection type that the bottom layer needs to establish.
  • the PC5 RAT type in the discovery parameter may belong to the PC5 RAT type supported by the relay terminal, and is the PC5 RAT type used in the relay service.
  • PCF configures discovery parameters for relay terminals including: user information ID (user info ID), RSC(s), relay layer Indicator (UE-to-network relay layer indicator(s)), and PC5 RAT type.
  • the PC5 RAT type in step 701a can be 3GPP, or non-3GPP, or both, and can also be a specific type such as WiFi or WLAN hotspot, WiFi direct connection, Bluetooth, etc., which are not limited by the present application.
  • the RSC has an associated relationship with the PC5 RAT type.
  • each RSC corresponds to a PC5 RAT type, and the PC5 RAT types corresponding to different RSCs can be the same or different.
  • one or more RSCs configured by the PCF for the relay terminal correspond to the same PC5 RAT type.
  • step 701a is optional.
  • Step 701b authorize the remote terminal and provide authorization information.
  • step 701b in this application is the same as step 701a, that is, the remote terminal sends the PC5 RAT type supported by the remote terminal to AMF; AMF forwards the PC5 RAT type supported by the remote terminal to PCF; PCF configures discovery parameters for the remote terminal , the discovery parameter includes the PC5 RAT type, and the PC5 RAT type indicates the RAT type used by the PC5 interface in the relay service provided by the RSC, that is, the connection type that needs to be established at the bottom layer.
  • the remote terminal sends the PC5 RAT type supported by the remote terminal to AMF
  • AMF forwards the PC5 RAT type supported by the remote terminal to PCF
  • PCF configures discovery parameters for the remote terminal , the discovery parameter includes the PC5 RAT type, and the PC5 RAT type indicates the RAT type used by the PC5 interface in the relay service provided by the RSC, that is, the connection type that needs to be established at the bottom layer.
  • Step 702 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • the relay terminal sends a PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the NG-RAN and the AMF, and the SMF sends a PDU session establishment reception message to the UE through the AMF and the NG-RAN.
  • Step 702 is an optional step.
  • Step 703 the remote terminal executes a relay terminal discovery process.
  • the RSC is included in the discovery process message (such as an announcement message, a solicitation message, etc.).
  • the solicitation message broadcast by the remote terminal includes the RSC
  • the relay terminal responds with The remote terminal, the remote terminal and the relay terminal execute the relay terminal discovery process.
  • the notification message broadcast by the relay terminal includes the RSC of the connection service that the relay terminal can provide to the remote terminal.
  • the RSC and PC5 RAT types are included in the messages (such as notification messages, solicitation messages, etc.) during the discovery process.
  • the remote terminal itself determines the expected PC5 RAT type, that is, the RAT that the remote terminal expects to use on PC5, and the solicitation message broadcast by the remote terminal includes the expected RSC and PC5 RAT types, among which
  • the relay terminal responds to the remote terminal, and the remote terminal and the relay terminal That is, the relay terminal discovery process is executed.
  • the notification message broadcast by the relay terminal may include RSC and PC5 RAT types, the remote terminal itself determines the RAT expected to be used in PC5, and the remote terminal selects RSC and PC5 RAT types that match relay terminal.
  • Step 704 the remote terminal establishes a 3GPP layer 2 connection with the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal will exchange non-3GPP information.
  • the remote terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal to the relay terminal, and acquires the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal from the relay terminal.
  • the relay terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal to the remote terminal, and acquires the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal from the remote terminal.
  • the non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, MAC address and so on.
  • Step 705a when the PC5 RAT type is non-3GPP, the 3GPP module of the remote terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to establish a corresponding underlying connection, such as a connection using short-distance communication protocols such as WiFi or WLAN hotspot, WiFi direct connection, and Bluetooth.
  • a corresponding underlying connection such as a connection using short-distance communication protocols such as WiFi or WLAN hotspot, WiFi direct connection, and Bluetooth.
  • the 3GPP module of the remote terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to open the non-3GPP connection.
  • the open non-3GPP connection here may be, for example, making the remote terminal enter a discoverable state, broadcast a hotspot, connect to a designated hotspot, connect to a designated device, and so on.
  • Step 705b when the PC5 RAT type is non-3GPP, the 3GPP module of the relay terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to establish a corresponding underlying connection, such as a connection using short-distance communication protocols such as WiFi or WLAN hotspot, WiFi direct connection, and Bluetooth.
  • a corresponding underlying connection such as a connection using short-distance communication protocols such as WiFi or WLAN hotspot, WiFi direct connection, and Bluetooth.
  • the 3GPP module of the relay terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to open the non-3GPP connection.
  • the open non-3GPP connection here may be, for example, making the relay terminal enter a discoverable state, broadcast a hotspot, connect to a designated hotspot, connect to a designated device, and so on.
  • the specific operation for the remote terminal to open the non-3GPP connection corresponds to the specific operation for the relay terminal to open the non-3GPP connection.
  • the remote terminal enters the discoverable state, and the relay terminal can connect to the designated device.
  • the remote terminal broadcasts a hotspot, and the relay terminal can connect to a designated hotspot.
  • the relay terminal enters a discoverable state, and the remote terminal can connect to the specified device.
  • the relay terminal broadcasts a hotspot, and the remote terminal can connect to a designated hotspot.
  • Step 706 the remote terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • Step 707a when the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal determines that the connected peer UE (peer UE) is a device specified by the 3GPP module, the non-3GPP module notifies the 3GPP module that the peer terminal is successfully connected and the identity of the non-3GPP connection.
  • Step 707b when the non-3GPP module of the relay terminal determines that the connected peer terminal is a device specified by the 3GPP module, the non-3GPP module notifies the 3GPP module of successful connection of the peer terminal and the identifier of the non-3GPP connection.
  • Step 708 the relay terminal establishes a new PDU session.
  • Step 708 is an optional step. For example, if the relay terminal determines that the existing PDU session (such as the PDU session established in step 702) does not meet the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC according to the correspondence between the RSC and the PDU session parameters, then the relay terminal establishes a new PDU session , the session parameters of the new PDU session can be determined according to the RSC; If the relay terminal determines that the existing PDU session (such as the PDU session established in step 702) meets the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC according to the corresponding relationship between the RSC and the PDU session parameters , the relay terminal does not need to create a new PDU session.
  • the existing PDU session such as the PDU session established in step 702
  • the relay terminal does not need to create a new PDU session.
  • Step 709 if the remote terminal has special QoS requirements, the remote terminal may request the relay terminal to modify the 3GPP layer 2 connection, so as to create or modify the QoS flow.
  • the remote terminal sends a connection modification request message to the relay terminal, and the message carries PC5 QoS parameters.
  • Step 710 the relay terminal maps PC5 QoS parameters to Uu QoS parameters, and judges whether to create or modify a QoS flow. If the relay terminal judges that a QoS flow needs to be created or modified, the relay terminal executes a PDU session modification to create or modify a QoS flow; if the relay terminal judges that a QoS flow does not need to be created or modified, the relay terminal does not execute a PDU session modification.
  • Step 709 and step 710 are optional steps.
  • step 711a the remote terminal establishes a data mapping relationship.
  • the remote terminal binds the application to the non-3GPP connection or establishes a correspondence between a PC5 QoS flow identifier (PFI) and a non-3GPP connection identifier.
  • PFI PC5 QoS flow identifier
  • step 711b the relay terminal establishes a data mapping relationship for mapping uplink and downlink data.
  • the relay terminal establishes an association relationship between the identifier of the non-3GPP connection and the PDU session, PFI or packet filter.
  • the relay terminal can enhance the QoS rule (QoS rule), and the QoS rule includes the association relationship between the identifier of the non-3GPP connection and the packet filter.
  • the relay terminal establishes the corresponding relationship between the PFI and the identifier of the non-3GPP connection.
  • Step 712 the relay terminal sends a remote terminal report to the SMF, which is used by the network side to perform lawful interception on the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal report may include at least one of the following: PC5 RAT type, ID of the remote user, and information of the remote terminal.
  • data can be transmitted between the remote terminal and the relay terminal through a non-3GPP connection, and the relay terminal can also forward the data of the remote terminal.
  • the methods shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 need to enhance the interior of the remote terminal and the relay terminal, so as to realize the above-mentioned interaction and data forwarding between the 3GPP module and the non-3GPP module.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal enhancement of the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • FIG. 8 shows the internal enhancements that both the remote terminal and the relay terminal need to perform.
  • a layer 3 relay PC5 service SDK (L3Relay-PC5service SDK) module is added inside the terminal. This module is responsible for the interaction between 3GPP modules and non-3GPP modules. For example, the 3GPP module triggers the non-3GPP module to open the non-3GPP connection, and for another example, the non-3GPP module notifies the 3GPP module of successful connection of the peer terminal and the identifier of the non-3GPP connection.
  • L3Relay-PC5service SDK Layer 3 relay PC5 service SDK
  • FIG. 8 shows the additional internal enhancement required by the relay terminal.
  • the layer 3 relay PC5 service SDK module added inside the terminal is also responsible for data forwarding between the non-3GPP module and the 3GPP module.
  • the remote terminal may also perform the enhancement shown in (b) of FIG. 8 , which is not limited in this application.
  • Example 1 the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information for establishing a non-3GPP connection through the 3GPP ProSe layer 2 connection establishment process to trigger the establishment of a non-3GPP connection, so that the remote terminal and the relay terminal Data can be transmitted between non-3GPP connections.
  • the interior of the terminal is enhanced, so that the interaction and data forwarding between the 3GPP module and the non-3GPP module inside the terminal can be realized.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of the overall flow of the method for establishing a connection provided in this application.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal can communicate through a non-3GPP connection (for example, Bluetooth, WiFi direct connection or WiFi, etc.).
  • a non-3GPP connection for example, Bluetooth, WiFi direct connection or WiFi, etc.
  • Step 1 the application on the remote terminal is started.
  • step 2 the remote terminal determines through the URSP that the application can use layer 3 relay services.
  • Step 3 the remote terminal determines the PC5 RAT type used for communicating with the relay terminal.
  • Step 4 the remote terminal determines the RSC.
  • Step 1 to Step 4 in FIG. 9 are the same as Step 1 to Step 4 in FIG. 6 , and reference may be made to the relevant description in FIG. 6 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • step 5 the remote terminal performs a ProSe discovery process, that is, the remote terminal performs a relay terminal discovery process.
  • the remote terminal can send (in mode A) or match (in mode B) the RSC.
  • the remote terminal can send (in mode A) or match (in mode B) the RSC and PC5 RAT type.
  • the remote terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal to the relay terminal, and acquires the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal.
  • the non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, MAC address and so on.
  • step 7 the 3GPP module of the remote terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to discover the relay terminal, and the non-3GPP module establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • Step 8 the remote terminal binds the non-3GPP connection with the application or the PFI.
  • the remote terminal establishes an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the application or PFI.
  • Step 1 the relay terminal executes the ProSe discovery process.
  • the relay terminal can send (in mode B) or match (in mode A) the RSC.
  • the remote terminal can send (in mode B) or match (in mode A) the RSC and PC5 RAT type.
  • the relay terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal to the remote terminal and acquires the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal.
  • the non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, MAC address and so on.
  • step 3 the 3GPP module of the relay terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to open the non-3GPP connection.
  • Step 4 the relay terminal verifies the remote terminal, and establishes a non-3GPP connection with the remote terminal when the remote terminal passes the verification.
  • Step 5 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • Step 6 the relay terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PDU session, PFI or packet filter.
  • Step 7 the relay terminal can start to relay data.
  • Step 2 to Step 6 in FIG. 9 are the same as Step 3 to Step 7 in FIG. 6 , and reference may be made to the relevant description in FIG. 6 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • the relay terminal may also perform steps 3 and 4 as performed by the remote terminal.
  • the difference is that the relay terminal may determine the RSC by obtaining the RSC that the relay terminal can provide.
  • Fig. 10 is another example of the method for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • Step 1001a authorize the relay terminal and provide authorization information.
  • Step 1001b authorizing the remote terminal and providing authorization information.
  • Step 1002 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • Steps 1001 a to 1002 in FIG. 10 are the same as steps 701 a to 702 in FIG. 7 , and reference may be made to related descriptions in FIG. 7 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • Step 1003 the remote terminal executes a relay terminal discovery process.
  • the RSC is included in the messages of the discovery process (such as notification messages, solicitation messages, etc.).
  • the solicitation message broadcast by the remote terminal includes the RSC
  • the relay terminal responds with The remote terminal, the remote terminal and the relay terminal execute the relay terminal discovery process.
  • the notification message broadcast by the relay terminal includes the RSC of the connection service that the relay terminal can provide to the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal discovers the relay terminal.
  • the RSC and PC5 RAT types are included in the messages (such as notification messages, solicitation messages, etc.) during the discovery process.
  • the remote terminal itself determines the expected PC5 RAT type, that is, the RAT that the remote terminal expects to use on PC5, and the solicitation message broadcast by the remote terminal includes the expected RSC and PC5 RAT types, among which
  • the relay terminal responds to the remote terminal, and the remote terminal and the relay terminal That is, the relay terminal discovery process is executed.
  • the notification message broadcast by the relay terminal may include RSC and PC5 RAT types, the remote terminal itself determines the RAT expected to be used in PC5, and the remote terminal selects RSC and PC5 RAT types that match relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal will also exchange non-3GPP information.
  • the remote terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal to the relay terminal, and obtains the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal;
  • the relay terminal sends the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal to the remote terminal, and obtains the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal non-3GPP information.
  • the non-3GPP information may include at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, MAC address and so on.
  • the relay terminal includes the PC5 RAT type in the broadcast notification message, and the remote terminal selects the relay terminal and requests an additional parameter (additional parameter) from the relay terminal. parameter to send the non-3GPP information of the relay terminal to the remote terminal.
  • the remote terminal includes the expected PC5 RAT type and the non-3GPP information of the remote terminal in the broadcast solicitation message, and the relay terminal sends the remote terminal the information of the relay terminal through a response message.
  • Non-3GPP information Non-3GPP information.
  • Step 10054a when the PC5 RAT type is non-3GPP, the 3GPP module of the remote terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to establish a corresponding underlying connection.
  • Step 1004b when the PC5 RAT type is non-3GPP, the 3GPP module of the relay terminal triggers the non-3GPP module to establish a corresponding underlying connection.
  • Step 1005 the remote terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • Step 1006a when the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal determines that the connected opposite terminal is a device specified by the 3GPP module, the non-3GPP module notifies the 3GPP module of the successful connection of the opposite terminal and the identification of the non-3GPP connection.
  • Step 1006b when the non-3GPP module of the relay terminal determines that the connected opposite terminal is a device specified by the 3GPP module, the non-3GPP module notifies the 3GPP module of the successful connection of the opposite terminal and the identification of the non-3GPP connection.
  • Step 1007 the relay terminal establishes a new PDU session.
  • Step 1008a the remote terminal establishes a data mapping relationship.
  • step 1008b the relay terminal establishes a data mapping relationship for mapping uplink and downlink data.
  • Step 1009 the relay terminal sends a remote terminal report to the SMF, for the network side to perform lawful interception on the remote terminal.
  • Steps 1004a to 1007 in FIG. 10 are the same as steps 705a to 708 in FIG. 7, and steps 1008a to 1009 are the same as steps 711a to 712 in FIG. Go into details.
  • data can be transmitted between the remote terminal and the relay terminal through a non-3GPP connection, and the relay terminal can also forward the data of the remote terminal.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 need to enhance the interior of the remote terminal and the relay terminal, so as to realize the above-mentioned interaction and data forwarding between the 3GPP module and the non-3GPP module.
  • For internal enhancements of the remote terminal and the relay terminal reference may be made to the relevant description in FIG. 8 .
  • Example 2 the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange non-3GPP information for establishing a non-3GPP connection through the 3GPP ProSe discovery process, so as to trigger the establishment of a non-3GPP connection, so that the remote terminal and the relay terminal can communicate with each other. Data may be transferred over non-3GPP connections. And in the example 2, the interior of the terminal is enhanced, so that the interaction and data forwarding between the 3GPP module and the non-3GPP module inside the terminal can be realized.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic diagram of the overall flow of the method for establishing a connection provided in this application.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal can communicate through a non-3GPP connection (such as Bluetooth, WiFi Direct or WiFi, etc.).
  • a non-3GPP connection such as Bluetooth, WiFi Direct or WiFi, etc.
  • Step 1 the application on the remote terminal is started.
  • step 2 the remote terminal determines through the URSP that the application can use layer 3 relay services.
  • Step 3 the remote terminal determines the PC5 RAT used to communicate with the relay terminal.
  • Step 4 the remote terminal determines the RSC.
  • Step 1 to Step 4 in FIG. 11 are the same as Step 1 to Step 4 in FIG. 6 , and reference may be made to the relevant description in FIG. 6 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • Step 5 the remote terminal performs a non-3GPP discovery process.
  • the discovery parameters carried in the messages in the non-3GPP discovery process include the RSC or the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC.
  • the PDU session parameters here may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the remote terminal sends or matches the RSC or the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC.
  • Step 6 the remote terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • Step 7 the remote terminal binds the non-3GPP connection with the application or PFI.
  • the remote terminal establishes an association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the application or PFI.
  • Step 1 the relay terminal performs a non-3GPP discovery process.
  • the discovery parameters carried in the messages in the non-3GPP discovery process include the RSC or the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the relay terminal sends or matches the RSC or the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC.
  • Step 2 the relay terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the remote terminal.
  • Step 3 the relay terminal acquires the 3GPP identifier of the remote terminal.
  • the relay terminal may acquire the 3GPP identifier of the remote terminal during or after the non-3GPP connection is established, so as to relay the data of the remote terminal.
  • Step 4 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • Step 4 is optional. For example, if the relay terminal determines that the existing PDU session does not meet the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC according to the correspondence between the RSC and the PDU session parameters, the relay terminal establishes a PDU session; If it is determined that the existing PDU session satisfies the PDU session parameters associated with the RSC, the relay terminal does not need to establish a PDU session.
  • Step 5 the relay terminal establishes the association relationship between the non-3GPP connection and the PDU session, PFI or packet filter.
  • Step 6 the relay terminal can start to relay data.
  • the relay terminal may also perform steps 3 and 4 as performed by the remote terminal.
  • the difference is that the relay terminal may determine the RSC by obtaining the RSC that the relay terminal can provide.
  • Fig. 12 is another example of the method for establishing a connection provided by this application.
  • step 1201a authorize the relay terminal and provide authorization information.
  • Step 1201b authorizing the remote terminal and providing authorization information.
  • Step 1202 the relay terminal establishes a PDU session.
  • Step 1201a to step 1202 in FIG. 12 are the same as step 701a to step 702 in FIG. 7 , and reference may be made to the related description in FIG. 7 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • Step 1203a when the PC5 RAT type is non-3GPP, the 3GPP module of the remote terminal sends the discovery parameters for non-3GPP discovery and the 3GPP identifier of the remote terminal to the non-3GPP module, thereby triggering the non-3GPP discovery process.
  • the discovery parameters used for non-3GPP discovery may include the RSC or the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC here may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the 3GPP identification of the remote terminal may include the GUTI and/or ProSe UE ID of the remote terminal.
  • Step 1203b when the PC5 RAT type is non-3GPP, the 3GPP module of the relay terminal sends the discovery parameters for non-3GPP discovery and the 3GPP identifier of the relay terminal to the non-3GPP module, thereby triggering the non-3GPP discovery process.
  • the discovery parameters used for non-3GPP discovery may include the RSC or the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC.
  • the PDU session parameters corresponding to the RSC may include at least one of the following: PDU session type, DNN, SSC mode, S-NSSAI, or access type preference.
  • the 3GPP identification of the relay terminal may include the GUTI and/or ProSe UE ID of the relay terminal.
  • Step 1204 the remote terminal and the relay terminal perform a non-3GPP discovery process.
  • the above-mentioned discovery parameters used for non-3GPP discovery are carried in the message of the non-3GPP discovery process.
  • a relay service may be defined, and the above discovery parameters for non-3GPP discovery may be included in the service discovery message.
  • the relay service can be identified through a reserved field of the service discovery message.
  • the above-mentioned discovery parameters for non-3GPP discovery may be carried in the reserved field of the beacon message.
  • Step 1205 the remote terminal establishes a non-3GPP connection with the relay terminal.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal can exchange 3GPP identifiers.
  • the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange their 3GPP identities through a user plane.
  • Step 1206a the non-3GPP module of the remote terminal notifies the 3GPP module of the successful connection of the opposite terminal terminal, the identification of the non-3GPP connection, and the discovery parameters associated with the non-3GPP connection (i.e. the actual discovery parameters), the 3GPP identification of the opposite terminal terminal (which can be selected).
  • Step 1206b the non-3GPP module of the relay terminal notifies the 3GPP module of the success of the connection of the peer terminal, the identifier of the non-3GPP connection, the discovery parameters associated with the non-3GPP connection (ie the actual discovery parameters), and the 3GPP identifier of the peer terminal.
  • Step 1207 the relay terminal establishes a new PDU session.
  • Step 1208a the remote terminal establishes a data mapping relationship.
  • step 1208b the relay terminal establishes a data mapping relationship for mapping uplink and downlink data.
  • Step 1209 the relay terminal sends a remote terminal report to the SMF, for the network side to perform lawful interception on the remote terminal.
  • Step 1207 in FIG. 12 is the same as step 708 in FIG. 6, and steps 1208a to 1209 are the same as steps 711a to 712 in FIG.
  • data can be transmitted between the remote terminal and the relay terminal through a non-3GPP connection, and the relay terminal can also forward the data of the remote terminal.
  • the methods shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 need to enhance the interior of the remote terminal and the relay terminal, so as to realize the above-mentioned interaction between the 3GPP module and the non-3GPP module and data forwarding.
  • Fig. 13 is another schematic diagram of the internal enhancement of the remote terminal and the relay terminal.
  • FIG. 13 shows the internal enhancements that both the remote terminal and the relay terminal need to perform.
  • a layer 3 relay PC5 service SDK module is added inside the terminal. This module is responsible for the interaction between 3GPP modules and non-3GPP modules. For example, the 3GPP module sends discovery parameters for non-3GPP discovery to the non-3GPP module, and for another example, the non-3GPP module notifies the 3GPP module that the peer terminal connection is successful, the 3GPP identity of the peer terminal, the discovery parameters associated with the non-3GPP connection, and Identification of non-3GPP connections.
  • FIG. 13 shows the additional internal enhancements that the relay terminal needs to perform.
  • the layer 3 relay PC5 service SDK module added inside the terminal is also responsible for data forwarding between the non-3GPP module and the 3GPP module.
  • the remote terminal may also perform the enhancement shown in (b) of FIG. 13 , which is not limited in this application.
  • Example 3 the remote terminal and the relay terminal exchange parameters for establishing a non-3GPP connection through a non-3GPP discovery process, so as to trigger the establishment of a non-3GPP connection, so that the remote terminal and the relay terminal can pass through Non-3GPP connections transmit data. And in Example 3, the interior of the terminal is enhanced, so that the interaction and data forwarding between the 3GPP module and the non-3GPP module inside the terminal can be realized.
  • the apparatus in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 includes corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules for performing various functions.
  • the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software with reference to the units and method steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in the present application. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software drives the hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.
  • FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are schematic structural diagrams of possible devices provided by the embodiments of the present application. These apparatuses may be used to realize the functions of the first terminal or the core network device in the foregoing method embodiments, and thus also realize the beneficial effects of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • an apparatus 1400 includes a transceiver unit 1410 and a processing unit 1420 .
  • the processing unit 1420 is used to: determine the wireless access technology used for communicating with the second terminal.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is configured to: when the wireless access technology is a first non-3GPP wireless access technology, acquire non-3GPP information of the second terminal in the first process of the 3GPP wireless access technology, the non-3GPP The information is used for the first terminal to establish the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology with the second terminal.
  • the processing unit 1420 is further configured to: establish a connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology with the second terminal according to the first non-3GPP information.
  • the first terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario
  • the second terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario
  • the first terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario, so The second terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario.
  • the processing unit 1420 is specifically configured to: determine the wireless access technology used for communicating with the second terminal through URSP or a local policy.
  • the non-3GPP information includes at least one of the following: device name, hotspot name, or address information.
  • the first process includes at least one of the following: the first terminal discovers the second terminal through a 3GPP radio access technology discovery process, or the first terminal establishes a The process of connection of 3GPP radio access technology.
  • the processing unit 1420 is specifically configured to: discover the second terminal through a 3GPP radio access technology discovery process according to a first discovery parameter; wherein, the first discovery parameter includes an RSC, and the RSC is related to the The first non-3GPP radio access technology is associated; or the first discovery parameter includes the RSC and second information, and the second information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the first discovery parameter includes RSC
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is further configured to: receive third information from a core network device, where the third information is used to configure the first discovery parameter for the first terminal , the third information includes indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate that the RSC is associated with the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the transceiving unit 1410 is further configured to: report fourth information to the core network device, where the fourth information is used to indicate the non-3GPP radio access technology supported by the first device.
  • the processing unit 1420 is specifically configured to: in response to acquiring the non-3GPP, the 3GPP module triggers the non-3GPP module to establish a connection with the first non-3GPP radio access technology with the second terminal.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is further configured to: the non-3GPP module sends fifth information to the 3GPP module, the fifth information is used to notify the connection establishment of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology is successful, and the fifth information Including the identifier of the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the processing unit 1420 is further configured to: establish an association relationship between a connection and an application of the first non-3GPP radio access technology; and /or, establishing an association relationship between the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology and the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is the connection between the first terminal and the second For the connection between terminals, the data of the connection between the application and the 3GPP radio access technology is carried by the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the processing unit 1420 is further configured to: establish an association relationship between a connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology and a PDU session; And/or, establish an association relationship between the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology and the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is the connection between the first terminal and the first terminal
  • the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology corresponds to the PDU session, and the PDU session is used to bear the data of the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is further configured to: send at least one of the following information to the core network device: sixth information, remote user's An identifier, or information of the second terminal, where the sixth information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the first non-3GPP wireless access technology includes at least one of the following: WiFi, WiFi Direct, Bluetooth, zigbee, RFID, IrDA, UWB, or NFC; and/or, the 3GPP wireless access technology includes At least one of the following: D2D, Sidelink, or ProSe.
  • the processing unit 1420 is used to: determine the wireless access technology used for communicating with the second terminal.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is configured to: when the radio access technology is a first non-3GPP radio access technology, obtain a second discovery parameter used in a discovery process of the first non-3GPP radio access network technology, the first non-3GPP radio access technology
  • the second discovery parameter includes at least one of the following: RSC, S-NSSAI, or DNN.
  • the processing unit 1420 is further configured to: discover the second terminal through the discovery process of the first non-3GPP radio access technology according to the second discovery parameter, and establish the first non-3GPP radio access technology with the second terminal Wireless access technology connection.
  • the first terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario
  • the second terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario
  • the first terminal is a relay terminal in a relay scenario
  • the second terminal is a remote terminal in a relay scenario.
  • the processing unit 1420 is specifically configured to: determine the radio access technology used for communicating with the second terminal by using a user equipment routing policy URSP or a local policy.
  • the transceiving unit 1410 is specifically configured to: the non-3GPP module obtains the second discovery parameter from the 3GPP module.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is further configured to: acquire the identifier of the 3GPP radio access technology of the second terminal during the process of establishing the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology; and/or, Obtain the identifier of the 3GPP radio access technology of the second terminal through the user plane after the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is further configured to: the non-3GPP module sends seventh information to the 3GPP module, the seventh information is used to notify the first non-3GPP wireless access technology that the connection establishment is successful, and the seventh information Including at least one of the following: the identifier of the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology, the discovery parameter associated with the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology, or the 3GPP radio access technology of the second terminal logo.
  • the processing unit 1420 is further configured to: establish an association relationship between a connection and an application of the first non-3GPP radio access technology; and /or, establishing an association relationship between the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology and the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is the connection between the first terminal and the second For the connection between terminals, the data of the connection between the application and the 3GPP radio access technology is carried by the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the processing unit 1420 is further configured to: establish an association relationship between a connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology and a PDU session; And/or, establish an association relationship between the connection of the first non-3GPP wireless access technology and the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology; wherein, the connection of the 3GPP wireless access technology is the connection between the first terminal and the first terminal
  • the connection of the 3GPP radio access technology corresponds to the PDU session, and the PDU session is used to bear the data of the connection of the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is further configured to: send at least one of the following information to the core network device: sixth information, remote user's An identifier, or information of the second terminal, where the sixth information is used to indicate the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • the first non-3GPP wireless access technology includes at least one of the following: WiFi, WiFi Direct, Bluetooth, zigbee, RFID, IrDA, UWB, or NFC; and/or, the 3GPP wireless access technology includes At least one of the following: D2D, Sidelink, or ProSe.
  • the transceiver unit 1410 is used to: receive the fourth information reported by the first terminal, the fourth information is used to indicate the non- 3GPP wireless access technology; sending third information to the first terminal, the third information is used to configure a first discovery parameter for the first terminal, the first discovery parameter includes RSC, and the third information Including indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate that the RSC is associated with the first non-3GPP radio access technology.
  • transceiver unit 1410 For a more detailed description of the foregoing transceiver unit 1410 and the processing unit 1420, reference may be made to relevant descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, and no further description is given here.
  • an apparatus 1500 includes a processor 1510 and an interface circuit 1520 .
  • the processor 1510 and the interface circuit 1520 are coupled to each other.
  • the interface circuit 1520 may be a transceiver or an input/output interface.
  • the apparatus 1500 may further include a memory 1530 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1510 or storing input data required by the processor 1510 to execute the instructions or storing data generated by the processor 1510 after executing the instructions.
  • the processor 1510 is used to implement the functions of the processing unit 1420 described above
  • the interface circuit 1520 is configured to implement the functions of the transceiver unit 1410 described above.
  • the chip When the device 1500 is a chip applied to the first terminal, the chip implements the functions of the first terminal in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the chip receives information from other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the first terminal, and the information is sent to the first terminal by other devices; or, the chip sends information to other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the first terminal. ) to send information, the information is sent by the first terminal to other devices.
  • the chip When the apparatus 1500 is a chip applied to core network equipment, the chip implements the functions of the core network equipment in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the chip receives information from other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the core network equipment, and the information is sent to the core network equipment by other devices; or, the chip sends information to other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the core network equipment. ) to send information, which is sent by the core network equipment to other devices.
  • the present application also provides a communication device, including a processor, the processor is coupled with a memory, the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions and/or data, and the processor is used to execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, or read the memory stored in the memory. data to execute the methods in the above method embodiments.
  • a communication device including a processor, the processor is coupled with a memory, the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions and/or data, and the processor is used to execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, or read the memory stored in the memory. data to execute the methods in the above method embodiments.
  • the communication device includes memory.
  • the memory is integrated with the processor, or is set separately.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions for implementing the methods performed by the first terminal or the core network device in the foregoing method embodiments are stored.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, including instructions.
  • the instructions are executed by a computer, the methods executed by the first terminal or the core network device in the foregoing method embodiments are implemented.
  • the present application also provides a communication system, where the communication system includes the first terminal or the core network device in each of the above embodiments.
  • processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and may also be other general processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor.
  • the method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by means of hardware, or may be implemented by means of a processor executing software instructions.
  • Software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and software modules can be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only Memory, registers, hard disk, removable hard disk, CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may also be a component of the processor.
  • the processor and storage medium can be located in the ASIC.
  • the ASIC may be located in the first terminal or core network equipment.
  • the processor and the storage medium may also exist in the first terminal or the core network device as discrete components.
  • all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product comprises one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are executed in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, network equipment, user equipment, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer program or instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instructions may be downloaded from a website, computer, A server or data center transmits to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired or wireless means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrating one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; it may also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disk; or it may be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state disk.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种建立连接的方法和通信装置。在该方法中，中继场景中的远端终端与中继终端可以建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接，使得远端终端与中继终端可以通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接传输数据，可以有效利用非3GPP的短距通信协议优势，远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式更加灵活。

Description

建立连接的方法和通信装置
本申请要求于2022年03月14日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202210244519.9、申请名称为“建立连接的方法和通信装置”的中国专利申请，以及于2021年12月27日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202111613096.5、申请名称为“一种数据传输的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及建立连接的方法和通信装置。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，终端设备的种类和形式也越来越多样。有些终端设备(例如，智能手表、手环、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)眼镜等穿戴类设备)受到体积及成本的限制，通常需要依靠周边功能强大的终端(例如，智能手机或者客户驻地设备(customer-premises equipment，CPE)等)来获取网络服务。在上述场景下，获取中继服务的终端可以称为远端终端，提供中继服务的终端可以称为中继终端。目前，远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式还比较单一。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种建立连接的方法和通信装置，能够使得中继场景中的远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式更加灵活。
第一方面，提供了一种建立连接的方法，所述方法可以由第一终端执行，也可以由第一终端中的模块或单元执行，为了描述方便，下文统一称为第一终端。
所述方法包括：第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术；当所述无线接入技术为第一非第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)无线接入技术时，所述第一终端在3GPP无线接入技术的第一过程中获取所述第二终端的非3GPP信息，所述非3GPP信息用于所述第一终端与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接；所述第一终端根据所述第一非3GPP信息，与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接；其中，所述第一终端为中继场景中的远端终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的中继终端；或者，所述第一终端为中继场景中的中继终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的远端终端。
通过上述技术方案，中继场景中的远端终端与中继终端可以在3GPP无线接入技术的过程中获取用于建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的信息，从而建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接，使得远端终端与中继终端可以通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接传输数据，可以有效利用非3GPP的短距通信协议优势。相较于现有技术中中继场景中的远端终端和中继终端只能建立3GPP无线接入技术的连接，远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式更加灵 活。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术，包括：所述第一终端通过用户设备路由选择策略(UE route selection policy，URSP)或者本地策略(local policy)，确定与所述第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述非3GPP信息包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、或地址信息。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一过程包括以下至少一个：所述第一终端通过3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端的过程、或所述第一终端与所述第二终端建立3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程。
在上述技术方案中，3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程和建立3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程是已有的3GPP无线接入技术的过程。复用已有的3GPP无线接入技术的过程，或者说对已有的3GPP无线接入技术的过程进行增强，有助于减少已有通信机制的影响。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端根据第一发现参数，通过3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端；其中，所述第一发现参数包括中继服务码(relay service code，RSC)，所述RSC与所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联；或者所述第一发现参数包括所述RSC和第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
在上述技术方案中，远端终端和中继终端在执行发现过程时进行RSC或(RSC+无线接入技术)匹配过程，使得后续中继终端可以根据远端终端的通信需求建立不同属性的PDU会话为远端终端提供网络服务。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一发现参数包括RSC，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端接收来自核心网设备的第三信息，所述第三信息用于为所述第一终端配置所述第一发现参数，所述第三信息包括指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述RSC与所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联。
在上述技术方案中，由核心网络设备向终端设备发送指示信息来指示RSC与无线接入技术相关联。当核心网络设备向终端设备发送指示信息时，终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC；当核心网络设备未向终端设备发送指示信息时，中继终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC和无线接入技术。这样终端可以使用恰当的发现参数执行发现过程。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端向所述核心网设备上报第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一设备支持的非3GPP无线接入技术。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一终端根据所述非3GPP信息，与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接，包括：响应于获取到所述非3GPP信息，所述第一终端的3GPP模块触发所述第一终端的非3GPP模块与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
由于上述非3GPP信息是在3GPP无线接入技术的过程中交互的，是远端终端或中继终端的3GPP模块执行的步骤，因此为了实现建立非3GPP连接需要对远端终端或中继终端的内部进行增强，使得远端终端或中继终端的3GPP模块可以与非3GPP模块进行通信。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所 述第一终端的非3GPP模块向所述第一终端的3GPP模块发送第五信息，所述第五信息用于通知所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接建立成功，所述第五信息包括所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的标识。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的远端终端时，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系；和/或，所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述应用和所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据承载于所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
由于在本申请中期望远端终端和中继终端通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接传输数据，而不通过3GPP无线接入技术的连接，因此远端终端可以通过建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用和/或3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系以便实现通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接发送或接收数据。例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定通过该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接向中继终端传输来自该应用的数据或者确定承载于该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据是发往该应用的。又例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定该3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据是通过该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接发送或接收的。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系；和/或，所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接与所述PDU会话对应，所述PDU会话用于承载所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据。
由于中继终端需要通过PDU会话将来自非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据转发到网络侧(例如UPF)、以及通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接将来自网络侧的数据转发到远端终端，因此中继终端可以通过建立非无线接入技术的3GPP连接与PDU会话和/或3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系实现上述转发过程。例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系，则中继端终端可以根据该关联关系确定通过该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接向远端终端发送来自网络侧的数据或者确定承载于该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据应该通过与该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接关联的PDU会话发送。又例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定该3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据是通过该非无线接入技术的3GPP连接发送或接收的。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：第六信息、远端用户的标识、或第二终端的信息，所述第六信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
通过上述技术方案，有助于网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
结合第一方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：WiFi、WiFi直连、蓝牙(bluetooth)、紫蜂(zigbee)、射频识别(radio frequency identification devices，RFID)、红外数据传输(infrared data association，IrDA)、超宽频(ultrawideband，UWB)、或近场通信(near-field communication，NFC)；和/或，所述3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：设备到设备(device to device，D2D)、侧行链路(sidelink)、或基于近场的服务(proximity based services，ProSe)。
第二方面，提供了一种建立连接的方法，所述方法可以由第一终端执行，也可以由第一终端中的模块或单元执行，为了描述方便，下文统一称为第一终端。
所述方法包括：第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术；当所述无线接入技术为第一非第三代合作伙伴计划3GPP无线接入技术时，所述第一终端获取用于所述第一非3GPP无线接入网技术的发现过程的第二发现参数，所述第二发现参数包括以下至少一个：RSC、单一网络切片选择辅助信息(single network slice selection assistance information，S-NSSAI)、或数据网络名称(data network name，DNN)；所述第一终端根据所述第二发现参数，通过所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端，并与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接；其中，所述第一终端为中继场景中的远端终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的中继终端；或者，所述第一终端为中继场景中的中继终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的远端终端。
通过上述技术方案，中继场景中的远端终端与中继终端建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接，使得远端终端与中继终端可以通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接传输数据，可以有效利用非3GPP的短距通信协议优势。相较于现有技术中中继场景中的远端终端和中继终端只能建立3GPP无线接入技术的连接，远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式更加灵活。
此外，远端终端和中继终端在执行发现过程时进行RSC或协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话参数的匹配过程，使得后续中继终端可以根据远端终端的通信需求建立不同属性的PDU会话为远端终端提供网络服务。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术，包括：所述第一终端通过URSP或者本地策略，确定与所述第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一终端获取用于所述第一非3GPP无线接入网技术的发现过程的第二发现参数，包括：所述第一终端的非3GPP模块从所述第一终端的3GPP模块获取所述第二发现参数。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端在建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程中获取所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识；和/或，所述第一终端在建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接后通过用户面获取所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端的非3GPP模块向所述第一终端的3GPP模块发送第七信息，所述第七信息用于通知所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接建立成功，所述第七信息包括以下至少一个：所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的标识、所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接关 联的发现参数、或所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的远端终端时，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系；和/或，所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述应用和所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据承载于所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
由于在本申请中期望远端终端和中继终端通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接传输数据，而不通过3GPP无线接入技术的连接，因此远端终端可以通过建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用和/或3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系以便实现通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接发送或接收数据。例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定通过该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接向中继终端传输来自该应用的数据或者确定承载于该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据是发往该应用的。又例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定该3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据是通过该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接发送或接收的。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系；和/或，所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接与所述PDU会话对应，所述PDU会话用于承载所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据。
由于中继终端需要通过PDU会话将来自非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据转发到网络侧(例如UPF)、以及通过非3GPP无线接入技术的连接将来自网络侧的数据转发到远端终端，因此中继终端可以通过建立非无线接入技术的3GPP连接与PDU会话和/或3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系实现上述转发过程。例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系，则中继端终端可以根据该关联关系确定通过该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接向远端终端发送来自网络侧的数据或者确定承载于该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据应该通过与该非3GPP无线接入技术的连接关联的PDU会话发送。又例如，若建立非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定该3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据是通过该非无线接入技术的3GPP连接发送或接收的。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：所述第一终端向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：第六信息、远端用户的标识、或第二终端的信息，所述第六信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
通过上述技术方案，有助于网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
结合第二方面或其任意实现方式，在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一非3GPP无 线接入技术包括以下至少一个：WiFi、WiFi直连、蓝牙、zigbee、RFID、IrDA、UWB、或NFC；和/或，所述3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：D2D、侧行链路、或ProSe。
第三方面，提供了一种建立连接的方法，所述方法可以由核心网设备执行，也可以由核心网设备中的模块或单元执行，为了描述方便，下文统一称为核心网设备。
所述方法包括：核心网设备接收第一终端上报的第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一设备支持的非第三代合作伙伴计划3GPP无线接入技术；所述核心网设备向所述第一终端发送第三信息，所述第三信息用于为所述第一终端配置第一发现参数，所述第一发现参数包括RSC，所述第三信息包括指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述RSC与第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联。
可选地，核心网设备可以是策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)。
在上述技术方案中，由核心网络设备向终端设备发送指示信息来指示RSC与无线接入技术相关联。当核心网络设备向终端设备发送指示信息时，终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC；当核心网络设备未向终端设备发送指示信息时，中继终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC和无线接入技术。这样终端可以使用恰当的发现参数执行发现过程。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种通信装置，该装置用于执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法。具体地，该装置可以包括用于执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法的单元和/或模块，如处理单元和/或通信单元。
在一种实现方式中，该装置为第一终端或核心网设备。当该装置为第一终端或核心网设备时，通信单元可以是收发器，或，输入/输出接口；处理单元可以是至少一个处理器。可选地，收发器为收发电路。可选地，输入/输出接口为输入/输出电路。
在另一种实现方式中，该装置为用于第一终端或核心网设备中的芯片、芯片系统或电路。当该装置为用于第一终端或核心网设备中的芯片、芯片系统或电路时，通信单元可以是该芯片、芯片系统或电路上的输入/输出接口、接口电路、输出电路、输入电路、管脚或相关电路等；处理单元可以是至少一个处理器、处理电路或逻辑电路等。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：存储器，用于存储程序；至少一个处理器，用于执行存储器存储的计算机程序或指令，以执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法。
在一种实现方式中，该装置为第一终端或核心网设备。
在另一种实现方式中，该装置为用于第一终端或核心网设备中的芯片、芯片系统或电路。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种处理器，用于执行上述各方面提供的方法。
对于处理器所涉及的发送和获取/接收等操作，如果没有特殊说明，或者，如果未与其在相关描述中的实际作用或者内在逻辑相抵触，则可以理解为处理器输出和接收、输入等操作，也可以理解为由射频电路和天线所进行的发送和接收操作，本申请对此不做限定。
第七方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读介质存储用于设备执行的程序代码，该程序代码包括用于执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法。
第八方面，本申请提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法。
第九方面，本申请提供了一种芯片，芯片包括处理器与通信接口，处理器通过通信接 口读取存储器上存储的指令，执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法。
可选地，作为一种实现方式，芯片还包括存储器，存储器中存储有计算机程序或指令，处理器用于执行存储器上存储的计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令被执行时，处理器用于执行上述任意一方面或其实现方式提供的方法。
第十方面，本申请提供了通信系统，包括上文的第一终端或核心网设备。
附图说明
图1是可以应用本申请的技术方案的一个网络架构的示意图。
图2是可以应用本申请的技术方案的另一网络架构的示意图。
图3是层3中继的示意性流程图。
图4是本申请提供的一种建立连接的方法400的示意图。
图5是本申请提供的另一种建立连接的方法500的示意图。
图6是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程的一个示意图。
图7是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的一个示例。
图8是远端终端和中继终端的内部增强的一个示意图。
图9是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程的另一示意图。
图10是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的另一个示例。
图11是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程的另一示意图。
图12是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的另一个示例。
图13是远端终端和中继终端的内部增强的另一个示意图。
图14是本申请的实施例提供的装置的一种结构示意图。
图15是本申请的实施例提供的装置的另一结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请提供的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：第五代(5 thgeneration，5G)或新无线(new radio，NR)系统、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)系统等。本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于未来的通信系统，如第六代移动通信系统。本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信、车到万物(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)通信、机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)通信、机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)、以及物联网(internet of things，IoT)通信系统或者其他通信系统。
首先简单介绍适用于本申请的网络架构。
作为示例，图1示出了一种网络架构的示意图。
如图1所示，该网络架构以5G系统(the 5 th generation system，5GS)为例。该网络架构中可包括三部分，分别是用户设备(user equipment，UE)部分、数据网络(data network，DN)部分和运营商网络部分。其中，运营商网络可包括以下网元中的一个或多个：(无线)接入网((radio)access network，(R)AN)设备、用户面功能(user plane function， UPF)网元、认证服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)网元、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元、服务通信代理(service communication proxy，SCP)、网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)网元、网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)网元、网络功能库功能(network repository function，NRF)网元、策略控制功能模块(policy control function，PCF)网元、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元和应用功能(application function，AF)网元。上述运营商网络中，除RAN部分之外的部分可以称为核心网部分。在本申请中，将用户设备、(无线)接入网设备、UPF网元、AUSF网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、SCP网元、NSSF网元、NEF网元、NRF网元、PCF网元、UDM网元、AF网元分别简称为UE、(R)AN设备、UPF、AUSF、UDR、AMF、SMF、SCP、NSSF、NEF、NRF、PCF、UDM、AF。
下面对图1中涉及的各网元进行简单描述。
1、UE
UE主要通过无线空口接入5G网络并获得服务，UE通过空口和RAN进行交互，通过非接入层信令(non-access stratum，NAS)和核心网的AMF进行交互。
本申请实施例中的UE也可以称为终端设备、用户、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。UE可以是蜂窝电话、智能手表、无线数据卡、手机、平板电脑、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)电脑、无线调制解调器、手持设备、膝上型电脑、机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)终端、带无线收发功能的电脑、物联网终端、虚拟现实终端设备、增强现实终端设备、可穿戴设备、车辆、设备到设备(device-to-device，D2D)通信中的终端、车物(vehicle to everything，V2X)通信中的终端、机器类通信(machine-type communication，MTC)中的终端、物联网(internet of things，IOT)中的终端、智能办公中的终端、工业控制中的终端、无人驾驶中的终端、远程手术中的终端、智能电网中的终端、运输安全中的终端、智慧城市中的终端、智慧家庭中的终端、卫星通信中的终端(例如，卫星电话或卫星终端)。UE还可以是客户驻地设备(customer-premises equipment，CPE)、电话、路由器、网络交换机、家庭网关(residential gateway，RG)、机顶盒、固定移动融合产品、家庭网络适配器、以及互联网接入网关。
本申请的实施例对UE所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。
2、(R)AN设备
(R)AN设备可以为特定区域的授权用户提供接入通信网络的功能，具体可以包括第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)网络中无线网络设备也可以包括非3GPP(non-3GPP)网络中的接入点。下文为方便描述采用AN设备表示。
AN设备可以为采用不同的无线接入技术。目前的无线接入技术有两种类型：3GPP接入技术(例如，第三代(3rd generation，3G)、第四代(4th generation，4G)或5G系统中采用的无线接入技术)和非3GPP(non-3GPP)接入技术。3GPP接入技术是指符合3GPP标准规范的接入技术，例如，5G系统中的接入网设备称为下一代基站节点(next generation Node Base station，gNB)或者RAN设备。非3GPP接入技术可以包括以无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)中的接入点(access point，AP)为代表的空口技术、全球互 联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)、码分多址(code division multiple access，CDMA)等。AN设备可以允许终端设备和3GPP核心网之间采用非3GPP技术互连互通。
AN设备能够负责空口侧的无线资源管理、服务质量(quality of service，QoS)管理、数据压缩和加密等功能。AN设备为终端设备提供接入服务，进而完成控制信号和用户数据在终端设备和核心网之间的转发。
AN设备例如可以包括但不限于：宏基站、微基站(也称为小站)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、节点B(Node B，NB)、基站控制器(base station controller，BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station，BTS)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(baseband unit，BBU)，WiFi系统中的AP、WiMAX中的(base station，BS)、无线中继节点、无线回传节点、传输点(transmission point，TP)或者发送接收点(transmission and reception point，TRP)等，还可以为5G(如，NR)系统中的gNB或传输点(TRP或TP)，5G系统中的基站的一个或一组(包括多个天线面板)天线面板，或者，还可以为构成gNB或传输点的网络节点，如分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)，或者下一代通信6G系统中的基站等。
本申请实施例对AN设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。
3、UPF
UPF主要负责用户面路径的管理及数据的分发，包括终端IP地址的管理、隧道信息的管理、流量检测、用户面转发、以及计费等。例如，UPF可以从DN接收用户面数据，并通过AN设备将用户面数据发送给终端设备。UPF还可以通过AN设备从终端设备接收用户面数据，并转发到DN。
4、DN
DN主要用于为UE提供数据服务的运营商网络。例如，因特网(Internet)、第三方的业务网络、IP多媒体服务业务(IP multi-media service，IMS)网络等。
5、AUSF
AUSF主要用于用户鉴权等。
6、AMF
AMF主要提供移动性管理、合法监听、或者接入授权以及鉴权等功能。
7、SMF
SMF主要用于实现会话和承载管理、地址分配等。
8、NEF
NEF主要用于安全地向外部开放由3GPP网络功能提供的业务和能力等。
9、NRF
NRF主要用于保存网络功能实体以及其提供服务的描述信息等。
10、PCF
PCF主要用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面网元(例如AMF，SMF等)提供策略规则信息等。
11、UDM
UDM主要用于UE的签约数据管理，包括UE标识的存储和管理，UE的接入授权等。
12、AF
AF主要为用户提供某种类型业务的服务器端，因此也可称为应用服务器或业务服务器。AF可是运营商网络自身部署的AF，也可以是第三方AF。
在图1所示的网络架构中，各网元之间可以接口通信。各网元之间的接口可以是点对点接口，也可以是服务化接口，本申请不予限制。
应理解，上述所示的网络架构仅是示例性说明，适用本申请实施例的网络架构并不局限于此，任何能够实现上述各个网元的功能的网络架构都适用于本申请实施例。
还应理解，图1中所示的AMF、SMF、UPF、PCF、UDM、AUSF、NEF、NRF、AF等功能或者网元，可以理解为用于实现不同功能的网元，例如可以按需组合成网络切片。这些网元可以各自独立的设备，也可以集成于同一设备中实现不同的功能，或者可以是硬件设备中的网络元件，也可以是在专用硬件上运行的软件功能，或者是平台(例如，云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能，本申请对于上述网元的具体形态不作限定。
还应理解，上述命名仅为便于区分不同的功能而定义，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请并不排除在6G网络以及未来其它的网络中采用其他命名的可能。例如，在6G网络中，上述各个网元中的部分或全部可以沿用5G中的术语，也可能采用其他名称等。
本申请提供的技术方案可以应用在远端终端通过中继终端连接网络的中继场景。例如，本申请提供的技术方案可以应用于扩展现实(extended reality，XR)、VR、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)、或混合现实(mixed reality，MR)等场景中，作为远端终端，XR、VR、AR、或MR中的设备(例如可穿戴的头盔、眼镜等)可以采用本申请的技术方案与中继终端建立连接，使得XR、VR、AR、或MR中的设备与中继终端建立的连接方式更加灵活，有助于XR、VR、AR、或MR的应用。
作为示例，图2示出了中继场景下的一种网络架构的示意图。图2所示的网络架构可以基于图1所示的5G架构，但不局限于此。
如图2所示，该网络架构包括远端终端、中继终端、数据网络部分和运营商网络部分(例如图2中的RAN部分和5G核心网(5G core，5GC)部分)，其中数据网络部分和运营商部分可以参考图1中的描述，在此不再赘述。远端终端通过中继终端、RAN(例如NG-RAN)、5GC与数据网络进行数据交互。其中，远端终端与中继终端可以通过例如PC5接口进行通信。中继终端与RAN可以通过例如Uu接口进行通信。5GC例如UPF可以通过例如N6接口与数据网络进行通信。
在本申请中，远端终端与中继终端之间的连接可以是第三代合作伙伴项目(the 3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)连接，也可以是非3GPP(non-3GPP)连接。
需要说明的是，本申请的实施例可以应用于图1所示的网络架构和图2所示的网络架构，但不局限于此。
为便于理解本申请实施例，对本申请中涉及到的术语或技术进行简单说明。
1、远端终端
在本申请中，将获取中继服务的终端称为远端终端，远端终端也可以称为远端UE(remote UE)等，下文统一称为远端终端。本申请对于远端终端的类型和实现方式不作具体限定，例如，远端终端可以为手表、手环、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)眼镜/虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)眼镜等可穿戴设备。
2、中继终端
在本申请中，将提供中继服务的终端称为中继终端，中继终端也可以称为中继UE(relay UE)、或layer 3 UE-to-network relay等，下文统一称为中继终端。本申请对于中继终端的类型和实现方式不作具体限定，例如，中继终端可以是智能手机、CPE等。
3、层3(layer 3，L3)中继
Layer3中继是指中继终端为远端终端执行网络层(例如IP层)的中继。即中继终端接收远端终端发送的上行IP包，并将远端终端的IP包通过自身与网络的连接发送到UPF；对应地，当中继终端接收到UPF发送的下行IP包后，将下行IP包发送到远端终端，最终交由远端终端的应用层处理。
图3是层3中继的示意性流程图。
步骤1a，对中继终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
授权信息可以包括为中继终端配置的中继服务码(relay service code，RSC)、以及每一个RSC对应的协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话参数。其中，RSC用于标识一种中继连接，对于中继终端来说，RSC可以标识中继终端提供给远端终端的一种连接服务。RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型(PDU Session type)、数据网络名称(data network name，DNN)、会话和服务连续性(session and service continuity，SSC)模式(mode)、单一网络切片选择辅助信息(single network slice selection assistance information，S-NSSAI)、或接入类型偏好(access type preference)。
步骤1b，对远端终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
授权信息可以包括为远端终端配置的中继服务码(relay service code，RSC)、以及每一个RSC对应的PDU会话参数。其中，RSC用于标识一种中继连接，对于远端终端来说，RSC可以标识远端终端感兴趣的或期望的连接。RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。
步骤2，中继终端建立PDU会话。
具体地，中继终端通过RAN、AMF向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求消息，SMF通过AMF、RAN向UE发送PDU会话建立接收消息。
需要说明的是，步骤2为可选步骤。
步骤3，远端终端执行中继终端发现过程(relay UE discovery procedure)。
一种可能的实行方式，远端终端上的应用(application，APP)启动；若通过用户设备路由选择策略(UE route selection policy，URSP)确定该APP可使用层3中继业务，则远端终端执行中继终端发现过程。例如，在模式A(mode A)的发现过程中，由中继终端广播自身可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC(s)，当远端终端期望的连接与中继终端广播的RSC匹配时，远端终端便发现了中继终端。又例如，在模式B(mode B)的发现过程中，由远端终端广播自身期望的RSC，当中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC与远端终端广播的RSC匹配时，中继终端响应于远端终端，远端终端与中继终端即执行了中继终端发现过程。
步骤4，远端终端选择中继终端，并与选择的中继终端建立用于单播模式通信的连接。
可选地，中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定是否新建PDU会话，即步骤2中的PDU会话是否满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数。若步骤2中的PDU会话不 满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端建立新的PDU会话；若步骤2中的PDU会话满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端无需建立新的PDU会话。
步骤5，中继终端执行IP路由器(IP router)功能，为远端终端分配IP地址或前缀。
需要说明的是，步骤5为可选步骤。
步骤6，若远端终端有特殊的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)需求，则远端终端可请求新建或修改QoS流(QoS flow)。
具体地，远端终端向中继终端发送连接修改请求消息(link modification request)，该消息中携带PC5 QoS参数。中继终端将PC5 QoS参数映射成Uu QoS参数，并判断是否需新建或修改QoS流。若中继终端判断需新建或修改QoS流，中继终端执行PDU会话修改，以便新建或修改QoS流；若中继终端判断无需新建或修改QoS流，则中继终端不执行PDU会话修改。
步骤7，中继终端向SMF发送远端终端报告，用于网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
其中，远端终端报告可以包括以下至少一个：远端用户的ID(remote User ID)、远端终端的信息(remote UE info)。
图3所示的层3中继是5G ProSe通信场景下的一种中继通信，其中的步骤3可以对应于PC5发现(PC5-D)，步骤3、4和5可以对应于PC5信令(PC5-S)，其中PC5是终端与终端之间的接口。层3中继的更详细的描述可以参考协议3GPP TS23.304章节，在此不再详述。
需要说明的是，本申请的实施例可以应用于上述的层3中继的场景，也可以是其他的中继场景，不予限制。
上面对本申请中涉及到的术语做了简单说明，下文实施例中不再赘述。
为便于理解本申请实施例，在介绍本申请实施例之前，先做出以下几点说明。
第一，在本申请中，lay 3也可以是L3、lay-3、lay3、Lay-3、或Lay3等的形式，本申请不作具体限定。层2与层3类似，不再赘述。
第二，在本申请中，3GPP连接可以理解为采用3GPP协议、3GPP接口、或3GPP无线接入技术的连接，下文统一称为3GPP连接。例如，3GPP连接可以是采用或满足D2D、sidelink、或ProSe等通信协议或标准的连接。非3GPP连接可以理解为连接采用非3GPP协议、非3GPP接口、或非3GPP无线接入技术的连接，下文统一称为非3GPP连接。例如，非3GPP连接可以是采或满足用WiFi或称无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)热点、WiFi直连(WiFi direct)、蓝牙(bluetooth)、紫蜂(zigbee)、射频识别(radio frequency identification devices，RFID)、红外数据传输(infrared data association，IrDA)、超宽频(ultrawideband，UWB)、或近场通信(near-field communication，NFC)等短距通信协议的连接。
第三，在本申请中，3GPP模块可以是用于实现3GPP无线接入技术的通信的模块或单元，例如3GPP的调制解调器等。非3GPP模块可以是用于实现非3GPP无线接入技术的通信的模块或单元，例如蓝牙模块、WiFi模块等。
第四，在本申请中，“用于指示”或“指示”可以包括用于直接指示和用于间接指示，或者说“用于指示”或“指示”可以显式地和/或隐式地指示。例如，当描述某一信息用于指示信息I时，可以包括该信息直接指示I或间接指示I，而并不代表该信息中一定携 带有I。又例如，隐式指示可以基于用于传输的位置和/或资源；显式指示可以基于一个或多个参数，和/或一个或多个索引，和/或一个或多个它所表示的位模式。
第五，本申请对很多特性所列出的定义仅用于以举例方式来解释该特性的功能，其详细内容可以参考现有技术。
第六，在下文示出的实施例中，第一、第二、第三、第四以及各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。例如，区分不同的字段、不同的指示信息等。
第七，“预先定义”可以通过在设备(例如，包括终端和网络设备)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现，本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。其中，“保存”可以是指，保存在一个或者多个存储器中。所述一个或者多个存储器可以是单独的设置，也可以是集成在编码器或者译码器，处理器、或通信装置中。所述一个或者多个存储器也可以是一部分单独设置，一部分集成在译码器、处理器、或通信装置中。存储器的类型可以是任意形式的存储介质，本申请并不对此限定。
第八，本申请实施例中涉及的“协议”可以是指通信领域的标准协议，例如可以包括LTE协议、NR协议以及应用于未来的通信系统中的相关协议，本申请对此不做限定。
第九，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a、b和c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，或，b，或，c，或，a和b，或，a和c，或，b和c，或，a、b和c。其中a、b和c分别可以是单个，也可以是多个。
下文将结合附图详细说明本申请实施例提供的建立连接的方法。本申请提供的实施例可以应用于上述图1或图2所示的网络架构中，但不作限定。
图4是本申请提供的一种建立连接的方法400的示意图。不失一般性地，在方法400中，以交互的形式对本申请的建立连接的方法进行描述。方法400可以包括以下内容的至少部分内容。
步骤401，远端终端确定与中继终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
这里的无线通信技术可以是3GPP无线接入技术，也可以是非3GPP无线通信技术。
在本申请中，远端终端确定与中继终端通信所采用的无线接入技术的方式有很多，不予限制。
一种可能的实现方式，远端终端可以通过本地策略(local policy)确定与中继终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
另一种可能的实现方式，远端终端可以通过URSP确定与中继终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。在此情况下，需对URSP进行增强，例如，在路由选择描述符(route selection descriptor)的路由选择组件(route selection components)中增加PC5 RAT偏好(PC5 RAT preference)。以下表1是本申请的路由选择描述符的一个示例。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022138342-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022138342-appb-000002
步骤402，中继终端确定与远端终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
中继终端确定与远端终端通信所采用的无线接入技术的方式与远端终端确定与中继终端通信所采用的无线接入技术的方式相同，可以参考步骤401，不再赘述。
步骤403，当采用非3GPP无线接入技术时，远端终端和中继终端可以通过3GPP无线接入技术的过程交互用于建立非3GPP连接的非3GPP信息。
其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下信息中的至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、或地址信息。
具体地，远端终端通过3GPP无线接入技术的过程向中继终端发送远端终端的非3GPP信息，以及接收中继终端发送的中继终端的非3GPP信息；中继终端通过3GPP无线接入技术的过程向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息，以及接收远端终端发送的远端终端的非3GPP信息。
一种可能的实现方式，远端终端和中继终端在3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程中交互非3GPP信息，例如图3的步骤3所示的发现过程。
另一种可能的实现方式，远端终端和中继终端在建立3GPP连接的过程中交互非3GPP信息，例如图3的步骤4所示的连接建立过程。
步骤404，远端终端和中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
具体地，远端终端根据中继终端的非3GPP信息建立与中继终端的非3GPP连接；中继终端根据远端终端的非3GPP信息建立与远端终端的非3GPP连接。
由于上述非3GPP信息是在3GPP无线接入技术的过程中交互的，是远端终端或中继终端的3GPP模块执行的步骤，因此为了实现建立非3GPP连接需要远端终端或中继终端的3GPP模块与非3GPP模块进行通信。具体地，以远端终端为例，响应于获取到中继终端的非3GPP信息，远端终端的3GPP模块触发远端终端的非3GPP模块与中继终端建立非3GPP连接。中继终端的实现方式类似，不再赘述。
可选地，在上述非3GPP连接建立完成后，远端终端的非3GPP模块可以向远端终端的3GPP模块发送第五信息，第五信息用于通知非3GPP连接建立成功，且第五信息包括非3GPP连接的标识。中继终端的实现方式类似，不再赘述。
可选地，方法400还包括步骤405和步骤406。
步骤405，远端终端建立非3GPP连接与应用的关联关系，和/或，远端终端建立非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的关联关系(例如生成非3GPP连接的标识与3GPP连接的PC5 QoS流标识(PC5 QoS flow identifier，PFI)的关联关系)。其中，3GPP连接为远端终端与中继终端之间的连接。
在一种情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间除了非3GPP连接，还建立了3GPP连接，例如在远端终端和中继终端在3GPP连接建立过程中交互非3GPP信息的情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间即存在非3GPP连接又存在3GPP连接。由于在本申请中期望远端终端和中继终端通过非3GPP连接传输数据，而不通过3GPP连接，因此远端终端可以通过建立非3GPP连接与应用和/或3GPP连接的关联关系实现通过非3GPP连接发送或接收数据。例如，若建立非3GPP连接与应用的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定通过该非3GPP连接向中继终端传输来自该应用的数据或者确定承载于该非3GPP连接的数据是发往该应用的。又例如，若建立非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定该3GPP连接的数据是通过该非3GPP连接发送或接收的。
对于远端终端建立非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的PFI的关联关系的情况，由于PFI与PDU会话具有关联关系，因此当非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的PFI建立了关联关系，也就意味着与PDU会话建立了关联关系。这样可以更好地利用现有的3GPP的中继机制。
在另一种情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间经建立了非3GPP连接，而未建立3GPP连接，例如在远端终端和中继终端在3GPP的发现过程中交互非3GPP信息的情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间可以不建立3GPP连接。由于远端终端和中继终端之间不存在3GPP连接，因此远端终端可以通过建立非3GPP连接与应用的关联关系实现通过非3GPP连接发送或接收数据。
步骤406，中继终端建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话的关联关系，和/或，中继终端建立非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的关联关系(例如生成非3GPP连接的标识与3GPP连接的PFI的关联关系)。其中，3GPP连接为远端终端与中继终端之间的连接。
在一种情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间除了非3GPP连接，还建立了3GPP连接，例如在远端终端和中继终端在3GPP连接建立过程中交互非3GPP信息的情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间即存在非3GPP连接又存在3GPP连接。由于中继终端需要通过PDU会话将来自非3GPP连接的数据转发到网络侧(例如UPF)、以及通过非3GPP连接将来自网络侧的数据转发到远端终端，因此中继终端可以通过建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话和/或3GPP连接的关联关系实现上述转发过程。例如，若建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话的关联关系，则中继端终端可以根据该关联关系确定通过该非3GPP连接向远端终端发送来自网络侧的数据或者确定承载于该非3GPP连接的数据应该通过与该非3GPP连接关联的PDU会话发送。又例如，若建立非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的关联关系，则远端终端可以根据该关联关系确定该3GPP连接的数据是通过该非3GPP连接发送或接收的。
对于远端终端建立非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的PFI的关联关系的情况，由于PFI与PDU会话具有关联关系，因此当非3GPP连接与3GPP连接的PFI建立了关联关系，也就意味着与PDU会话建立了关联关系。这样可以更好地利用现有的3GPP的中继机制。
在另一种情况下，远端终端和中继终端之间经建立了非3GPP连接，而未建立3GPP连接，例如在远端终端和中继终端在3GPP的发现过程中交互非3GPP信息的情况下，远 端终端和中继终端之间可以不建立3GPP连接。由于远端终端和中继终端之间不存在3GPP连接，因此中继终端可以建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话的关联关系。
可选地，在远端终端和中继终端建立非3GPP连接后，方法400还包括步骤407。
步骤407，中继终端向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：用于指示步骤402确定的非3GPP无线接入技术的第六信息、远端用户的标识、或远端终端的信息，以便网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
可选地，在步骤404之前，远端终端和中继终端可以执行3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程。与图3的步骤3所示的发现过程不同的是，远端终端和中继终端使用的发现参数存在以下两种情况：
情况1：发现参数包括RSC，RSC与步骤401中确定的无线接入技术相关联。
换句话说，RSC不仅与PDU会话参数相关联，还与无线接入技术相关联，这样，远端终端在发现过程中选取到的是PDU会话参数和无线接入技术均匹配的中继终端。
在此情况下，远端终端可以通过发现消息发送RSC(在模式A下)或匹配中继终端发送的RSC(在模式B下)。而中继终端可以匹配远端终端发送的RSC(在模式A下)或通过发现消息向远端终端发送RSC(在模式B下)。
RSC与无线接入技术相关联，可以理解为，每个RSC对应于一种无线接入技术。不同RSC对应的无线接入技术可以相同，也可以不同。
情况2：发现参数包括RSC和用于指示步骤401中确定的无线接入技术的第二信息。
由于RSC与无线接入技术没有关联关系，因此为了远端终端在发现过程中选取到的是PDU会话参数和无线接入技术均匹配的中继终端，需要在发现参数中增加上述第二信息。
在此情况下，远端终端可以通过发现消息发送RSC和第二信息(在模式A下)或匹配中继终端发送的RSC和第二信息(在模式B下)。而中继终端可以匹配远端终端发送的RSC和第二信息(在模式A下)或通过发现消息向远端终端发送RSC和第二信息(在模式B下)。
在本申请中，RSC与无线接入技术相关联，可以是核心网设备例如PCF指示给远端终端或中继终端的，在此情况下，方法400还可以包括步骤408和409。
步骤408，核心网设备向远端终端发送用于指示RSC与无线接入技术相关联的信息。相应地，远端终端接收来自核心网设备的信息。
一种可能的实现方式，核心网设备向远端终端发送第三信息，第三信息用于为远端终端配置用于3GPP发现过程的发现参数。其中，第三信息包括指示信息，指示信息用于指示RSC与步骤401确定的无线接入技术相关联。
这样，当第三信息包括指示信息时，远端终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC；当第三信息不包括指示信息时，远端终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC和无线接入技术。
步骤409，核心网设备向中继终端发送用于指示RSC与无线接入技术相关联的信息。相应地，中继终端接收来自核心网设备的信息。
一种可能的实现方式，核心网设备向中继终端发送第三信息，第三信息用于为中继终端配置用于3GPP发现过程的发现参数。其中，第三信息包括指示信息，指示信息用于指示RSC与步骤401确定的无线接入技术相关联。
这样，当第三信息包括指示信息时，中继终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC；当第三信息不包括指示信息时，中继终端在发现过程中发送或匹配RSC和无线接入技术。
可选地，方法400还可以包括步骤410和/或步骤411，即远端终端和/或中继终端可以向核心网设备例如PCF上报第四信息，即自己支持的无线接入技术。一种可能的实现方式，远端终端向AMF发送远端终端支持的无线接入技术；AMF将远端终端支持的无线接入技术转发至PCF。中继终端的实现方式类似，不再赘述。
这样，在中继场景中，通过方法400可以实现远端终端与中继终端通过非3GPP连接传输数据，可以有效利用非3GPP的短距通信协议优势，并且使得远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式更加灵活。此外，在方法400中，远端终端和中继终端在执行发现过程时进行RSC或(RSC+无线接入技术)匹配过程，使得中继终端可以根据远端终端的通信需求建立不同属性的PDU会话为远端终端提供网络服务。
图5是本申请提供的另一种建立连接的方法500的示意图。不失一般性地，在方法500中，以交互的形式对本申请的建立连接的方法进行描述。方法500可以包括以下内容的至少部分内容。
步骤501，远端终端确定与中继终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
步骤502，中继终端确定与远端终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
步骤501-502与图4中的步骤401-402相同，可以参考步骤401-402的描述，在此不再详述。
步骤503，当采用非3GPP无线接入技术时，远端终端可以获取用于非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程的发现参数。
其中，该发现参数包括RSC或该RSC对应的PDU会话参数的部分或全部。RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。对于远端终端来说，这里的RSC可以是远端终端期望的RSC。
一种可能的实现方式，远端终端的非3GPP模块从远端终端的3GPP模块获取用于非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程的发现参数。这里的“获取”可以是非3GPP模块主动获取，也可以是非3GPP模块被动接收，不予限制。
步骤504，当采用非3GPP无线接入技术时，中继终端可以获取用于非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程的发现参数。
其中，该发现参数包括RSC或该RSC对应的PDU会话参数的部分或全部。RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。对于中继终端来说，这里的RSC可以是中继终端可以提供的RSC。
一种可能的实现方式，中继终端的非3GPP模块从中继终端的3GPP模块获取用于非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程的发现参数。同样，这里的“获取”可以是非3GPP模块主动获取，也可以是非3GPP模块被动接收，不予限制。
步骤505，远端终端和中继终端根据步骤503和步骤504中获取的发现参数，执行非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程，并建立非3GPP连接。
可选地，由于远端终端和中继终端并未执行3GPP的相关过程(例如3GPP的发现过程或连接建立过程)，因此在远端终端和中继终端建立非3GPP连接后，远端终端的3GPP模块并不知道连接对端的中继终端的3GPP的相关信息，中继终端的3GPP模块也不知道 连接对端的远端终端的3GPP的相关信息。在此情况下，在上述非3GPP连接建立完成后，远端终端的非3GPP模块可以向远端终端的3GPP模块发送第七信息，第七信息用于通知非3GPP连接建立成功，且第七信息包括以下至少一个：非3GPP连接的标识、非3GPP连接关联的发现参数、或中继终端的3GPP标识。中继终端的实现方式类似，不同的是中继终端的非3GPP模块向中继终端的3GPP模块发送远端终端的3GPP标识，不再赘述。
可选地，方法500还包括步骤506、步骤507、步骤508、步骤509、步骤510、步骤511、步骤512中的至少一个。步骤506-512与图4中的步骤405-411相同，可以参考步骤405-411的描述，在此不再赘述。
这样，在中继场景中，通过方法500可以实现远端终端与中继终端通过非3GPP连接传输数据，可以有效利用非3GPP的短距通信协议优势，并且使得远端终端与中继终端之间的连接方式更加灵活。此外，在方法500中，远端终端和中继终端在执行发现过程时进行RSC或PDU会话参数匹配过程，使得中继终端可以根据远端终端的通信需求建立不同属性的PDU会话为远端终端提供网络服务。
上面结合图4和图5对本申请的技术方案进行了概括性的说明。下面结合具体的示例，对本申请的技术方案进行详细描述。在以下示例中，以RAN为NG-RAN为例进行描述。
在以下示例中，PC5无线接入技术类型可以对应于上文的无线接入技术，L2连接可以对应于上文的3GPP连接，ProSe发现过程对应于上文的3GPP的发现过程。
示例1
图6是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程的一个示意图。
通过图6所示的流程，远端终端和中继终端之间可以通过非3GPP连接(例如蓝牙、WiFi直连或WiFi等)进行通信。
1)远端终端
步骤1，远端终端上的应用启动。
步骤2，远端终端通过URSP确定该应用可使用层3中继业务。
步骤3，远端终端确定与中继终端通信采用的PC5无线接入技术(radio access technology，RAT)类型。
可选地，远端终端可以本地确定PC5 RAT类型。
可选地，远端终端可以通过URSP确定PC5 RAT类型。在此情况下，需对URSP进行增强，例如，在路由选择描述符的路由选择组件中增加PC5 RAT偏好，具体可以参见上文的表1。
步骤4，远端终端确定RSC。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则远端终端在确定RSC时可以同时考虑RSC对应的PC5 RAT类型，确定的RSC对应的PC5 RAT类型与步骤3中确定的PC5 RAT类型一致。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则远端终端可以采用现有技术中的方式确定RSC，即远端终端在确定RSC时不考虑RSC与PC5 RAT类型之间的关联关系。
步骤5，远端终端执行基于近场的服务(proximity based services，ProSe)发现过程，即远端终端执行中继终端发现过程。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则远端终端可以发送(在模式A下)或匹配 (在模式B下)RSC。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则远端终端可以发送(在模式A下)或匹配(在模式B下)RSC和PC5 RAT类型。
步骤6，远端终端与中继终端建立L2连接。在远端终端与中继终端建立L2连接的过程中，远端终端向中继终端发送远端终端的非3GPP信息，以及获取中继终端的非3GPP信息。其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、介质访问控制(media access control，MAC)地址等。
步骤7，远端终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块发现中继终端，非3GPP模块与中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤8，远端终端将该非3GPP连接与应用或PFI绑定。
即远端终端建立非3GPP连接与应用或PFI的关联关系。
2)中继终端
步骤1，中继终端执行ProSe发现过程。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则中继终端可以发送(在模式B下)或匹配(在模式A下)RSC。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则远端终端可以发送(在模式B下)或匹配(在模式A下)RSC和PC5 RAT类型。
步骤2，中继终端与远端终端建立L2连接。
在中继终端与远端终端建立L2连接的过程中，中继终端向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息，以及获取远端终端的非3GPP信息。其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、MAC地址等。
步骤3，中继终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块开放非3GPP连接。
这里的开放非3GPP连接例如可以是使中继终端进入可被发现的状态、广播热点、连接到指定热点、连接到指定设备等。
步骤4，中继终端验证远端终端，并在远端终端通过验证时与远端终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤5，中继终端建立PDU会话。
步骤5为可选步骤。例如，若中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定已存在的PDU会话不满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端建立PDU会话；若中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定已存在的PDU会话满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端无需建立PDU会话。
步骤6，中继终端建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话、包过滤器(packet filter)或PFI的关联关系。
步骤7，中继终端可以开始中继数据。
需要说明的是，中继终端也可以执行如远端终端执行的步骤3和步骤4。不同的是，中继终端确定RSC可以是获取中继终端能够提供的RSC。
上面对本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程进行了描述，下面对本申请提供的建立连接的方法进行详细描述。
图7是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的一个示例。
步骤701a，对中继终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
其中，授权信息可以包括为中继终端配置的RSC、以及每一个RSC对应的PDU会话参数。其中，RSC用于标识一种中继连接，对于中继终端来说，RSC可以标识中继终端提供给远端终端的一种连接服务。RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。
本申请可以对步骤701a的增强包括：中继终端向AMF发送中继终端支持的PC5 RAT类型；AMF将中继终端支持的PC5 RAT类型转发至PCF；PCF向中继终端配置发现参数(discovery parameters)，发现参数中包括PC5 RAT类型，PC5 RAT类型指示RSC提供的中继服务中PC5接口使用的RAT类型，即底层需要建立的连接类型。发现参数中的PC5 RAT类型可以属于中继终端支持的PC5 RAT类型，是中继服务中使用的PC5 RAT类型。
以5G ProSe中继发现参数(5G ProSe UE-to-network relay discovery parameters)为例，PCF向中继终端配置发现参数可以包括：用户信息ID(user info ID)、RSC(s)、中继层指示符(UE-to-network relay layer indicator(s))、以及PC5 RAT类型。
步骤701a中的PC5 RAT类型可以是3GPP、或非3GPP、或both，也可以是具体的类型例如WiFi或称WLAN热点、WiFi直连、蓝牙等，本申请不予限制。
在对步骤701a进行上述增强的情况下，RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系。例如，每个RSC对应于一种PC5 RAT类型，不同RSC对应的PC5 RAT类型可以相同，也可以不同。又例如，PCF为中继终端配置的一个或多个RSC对应于相同的PC5 RAT类型。
需要说明的是，上述对步骤701a的增强是可选的。
步骤701b，对远端终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
本申请对步骤701b的增强与步骤701a相同，即远端终端向AMF发送远端终端支持的PC5 RAT类型；AMF将远端终端支持的PC5 RAT类型转发至PCF；PCF向远端终端配置发现参数，发现参数中包括PC5 RAT类型，PC5 RAT类型指示RSC提供的中继服务中PC5接口使用的RAT类型，即底层需要建立的连接类型。详细的描述可以参考步骤701a，在此不再赘述。
步骤702，中继终端建立PDU会话。
具体地，中继终端通过NG-RAN、AMF向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求消息，SMF通过AMF、NG-RAN向UE发送PDU会话建立接收消息。
步骤702为可选步骤。
步骤703，远端终端执行中继终端发现过程。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则在发现过程的消息(例如通知消息(announcement message)、征求消息(solicitation message)等)中包括RSC。例如，在模式A的发现过程中，远端终端广播的征求消息中包括RSC，当中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC与远端终端广播的RSC匹配时，中继终端响应于远端终端，远端终端与中继终端即执行了中继终端发现过程。又例如，在模式B的发现过程中，中继终端广播的通知消息中包括中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC，当远端终端期望的RSC与中继终端广播的RSC匹配时，远端终端即发现了中继终端。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则在发现过程中的消息(例如通知消息、征求消息等)中包括RSC和PC5 RAT类型。例如，在模式A的发现过程中，远端终端自 身确定期望的PC5 RAT类型，即远端终端期望在PC5使用的RAT，远端终端广播的征求消息中包括期望的RSC和PC5 RAT类型，当中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC与远端终端广播的RSC匹配、且支持远端终端期望的PC5 RAT类型时，中继终端响应于远端终端，远端终端与中继终端即执行了中继终端发现过程。又例如，在模式B的发现过程中，中继终端广播的通知消息中可以包括RSC和PC5 RAT类型，远端终端自身确定期望在PC5使用的RAT，远端终端选择RSC和PC5 RAT类型均匹配的中继终端。
步骤704，远端终端与中继终端建立3GPP层2连接。
在远端终端与中继终端建立3GPP层2连接的过程中，远端终端和中继终端会交互非3GPP信息。例如，远端终端向中继终端发送远端终端的非3GPP信息，并从中继终端获取中继终端的非3GPP信息。又例如，中继终端向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息，并从远端终端获取远端终端的非3GPP信息。
其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、MAC地址等。
步骤705a，当PC5 RAT类型为非3GPP时，远端终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块建立相应的底层连接，例如采用WiFi或称WLAN热点、WiFi直连、蓝牙等短距通信协议的连接。
具体地，远端终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块开放非3GPP连接。这里的开放非3GPP连接例如可以是使远端终端进入可被发现的状态、广播热点、连接到指定热点、连接到指定设备等。
步骤705b，当PC5 RAT类型为非3GPP时，中继终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块建立相应的底层连接，例如采用WiFi或称WLAN热点、WiFi直连、蓝牙等短距通信协议的连接。
具体地，中继终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块开放非3GPP连接。这里的开放非3GPP连接例如可以是使中继终端进入可被发现的状态、广播热点、连接到指定热点、连接到指定设备等。
在步骤705a和步骤705b中，远端终端开放非3GPP连接的具体操作与中继终端开放非3GPP连接的具体操作是对应的。例如，远端终端进入可被发现的状态，中继终端可以连接到指定设备。又例如，远端终端广播热点，中继终端可以连接到指定热点。又例如，中继终端进入可被发现的状态，远端终端可以连接到指定设备。又例如，中继终端广播热点，远端终端可以连接到指定热点。
步骤706，远端终端与中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤707a，当远端终端的非3GPP模块确定连接的对端终端(peer UE)是3GPP模块指定的设备时，非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、以及非3GPP连接的标识。
步骤707b，当中继终端的非3GPP模块确定连接的对端终端是3GPP模块指定的设备时，非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、以及非3GPP连接的标识。
步骤708，中继终端建立新的PDU会话。
步骤708为可选步骤。例如，若中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定已存在的PDU会话(例如步骤702中建立的PDU会话)不满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端建立新的PDU会话，新的PDU会话的会话参数可以根据RSC确定； 若中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定已存在的PDU会话(例如步骤702中建立的PDU会话)满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端无需新建PDU会话。
步骤709，若远端终端有特殊的QoS需求，则远端终端可向中继终端请求修改3GPP层2连接，以便新建或修改QoS流。
具体地，远端终端向中继终端发送连接修改请求消息，该消息中携带PC5 QoS参数。
步骤710，中继终端将PC5 QoS参数映射成Uu QoS参数，并判断是否需新建或修改QoS流。若中继终端判断需新建或修改QoS流，中继终端执行PDU会话修改，以便新建或修改QoS流；若中继终端判断无需新建或修改QoS流，则中继终端不执行PDU会话修改。
步骤709和步骤710为可选步骤。
步骤711a，远端终端建立数据映射关系。
具体地，远端终端将应用与非3GPP连接绑定或者建立PC5 QoS流标识(PC5 QoS flow identifier，PFI)与非3GPP连接的标识的对应关系。
步骤711b，中继终端建立数据映射关系，用于上下行数据的映射。
具体地，中继终端建立非3GPP连接的标识与PDU会话、PFI或包过滤器的关联关系。例如，中继终端可以增强QoS规则(QoS rule)，QoS规则中包括非3GPP连接的标识与包过滤器的关联关系。又例如，中继终端建立PFI与非3GPP连接的标识的对应关系。
步骤712，中继终端向SMF发送远端终端报告，用于网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
其中，远端终端报告可以包括以下至少一个：PC5 RAT类型、远端用户的ID、远端终端的信息。
后续远端终端与中继终端之间就可以通过非3GPP连接传输数据，中继终端也可以进行对远端终端的数据进行转发。
需要说明的是，在图7中并未示出确定PC5 RAT类型、以及确定RSC的过程。
图6和图7所示的方法需对远端终端和中继终端的内部进行增强，以实现上述的3GPP模块与非3GPP模块之间的交互以及数据转发。
图8是远端终端和中继终端的内部增强的一个示意图。
图8的(a)图示出的是远端终端和中继终端均需进行的内部增强。如图8的(a)图所示，终端的内部增加了层3中继PC5服务SDK(L3Relay-PC5service SDK)模块。该模块负责3GPP模块与非3GPP模块之间的交互。例如，3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块开放非3GPP连接，又例如，非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、以及非3GPP连接的标识。
图8的(b)图示出的是中继终端需要额外进行的内部增强。如图8的(b)图所示，终端的内部增加的层3中继PC5服务SDK模块还负责非3GPP模块与3GPP模块之间进行数据转发。
当然，远端终端也可以进行图8的(b)图所示的增强，本申请不予限制。
这样，在示例1中，远端终端和中继终端通过3GPP ProSe层2连接建立过程交互用于建立非3GPP连接的非3GPP信息，以触发非3GPP连接的建立，使得远端终端与中继 终端之间就可以通过非3GPP连接传输数据。并且在示例1中对终端的内部进行了增强，可以实现实现终端内部3GPP模块与非3GPP模块的交互及数据转发。
示例2
图9是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程的另一示意图。
通过图9所示的流程，远端终端和中继终端之间可以通过非3GPP连接(例如蓝牙、WiFi直连或WiFi等)进行通信。
1)远端终端
步骤1，远端终端上的应用启动。
步骤2，远端终端通过URSP确定该应用可使用层3中继业务。
步骤3，远端终端确定与中继终端通信采用的PC5 RAT类型。
步骤4，远端终端确定RSC。
图9中的步骤1至步骤4与图6中的步骤1至步骤4相同，可以参考图6的相关描述，在此不再详述。
步骤5，远端终端执行ProSe发现过程，即远端终端执行中继终端发现过程。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则远端终端可以发送(在模式A下)或匹配(在模式B下)RSC。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则远端终端可以发送(在模式A下)或匹配(在模式B下)RSC和PC5 RAT类型。
与示例1不同的是，在ProSe发现过程中，远端终端向中继终端发送远端终端的非3GPP信息，以及获取中继终端的非3GPP信息。其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、MAC地址等。
步骤7，远端终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块发现中继终端，非3GPP模块与中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤8，远端终端将该非3GPP连接与应用或PFI绑定。
即远端终端建立非3GPP连接与应用或PFI的关联关系。
2)中继终端
步骤1，中继终端执行ProSe发现过程。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则中继终端可以发送(在模式B下)或匹配(在模式A下)RSC。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则远端终端可以发送(在模式B下)或匹配(在模式A下)RSC和PC5 RAT类型。
与示例1不同的是，在ProSe发现过程中，中继终端向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息，以及获取远端终端的非3GPP信息。其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、MAC地址等。
步骤3，中继终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块开放非3GPP连接。
步骤4，中继终端验证远端终端，并在远端终端通过验证时与远端终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤5，中继终端建立PDU会话。
步骤6，中继终端建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话、PFI或包过滤器的关联关系。
步骤7，中继终端可以开始中继数据。图9中的步骤2至步骤6与图6中的步骤3至步骤7相同，可以参考图6的相关描述，在此不再详述。
需要说明的是，中继终端也可以执行如远端终端执行的步骤3和步骤4。不同的是，中继终端确定RSC可以是获取中继终端能够提供的RSC。
上面对本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程进行描述，下面对本申请提供的建立连接的方法进行详细描述。
图10是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的另一个示例。
步骤1001a，对中继终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
步骤1001b，对远端终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
步骤1002，中继终端建立PDU会话。
图10中的步骤1001a至步骤1002与图7中的步骤701a至步骤702相同，可以参考图7的相关描述，在此不再详述。
步骤1003，远端终端执行中继终端发现过程。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型具有关联关系，则在发现过程的消息(例如通知消息、征求消息等)中包括RSC。例如，在模式A的发现过程中，远端终端广播的征求消息中包括RSC，当中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC与远端终端广播的RSC匹配时，中继终端响应于远端终端，远端终端与中继终端即执行了中继终端发现过程。又例如，在模式B的发现过程中，中继终端广播的通知消息中包括中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC，当远端终端期望的RSC与中继终端广播的RSC匹配时，远端终端即发现了中继终端。
若RSC与PC5 RAT类型不具有关联关系，则在发现过程中的消息(例如通知消息、征求消息等)中包括RSC和PC5 RAT类型。例如，在模式A的发现过程中，远端终端自身确定期望的PC5 RAT类型，即远端终端期望在PC5使用的RAT，远端终端广播的征求消息中包括期望的RSC和PC5 RAT类型，当中继终端可以提供给远端终端的连接服务的RSC与远端终端广播的RSC匹配、且支持远端终端期望的PC5 RAT类型时，中继终端响应于远端终端，远端终端与中继终端即执行了中继终端发现过程。又例如，在模式B的发现过程中，中继终端广播的通知消息中可以包括RSC和PC5 RAT类型，远端终端自身确定期望在PC5使用的RAT，远端终端选择RSC和PC5 RAT类型均匹配的中继终端。
与示例1不同的是，在ProSe发现过程中，远端终端和中继终端还会交互非3GPP信息。具体地，远端终端向中继终端发送远端终端的非3GPP信息，以及获取中继终端的非3GPP信息；中继终端向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息，以及获取远端终端的非3GPP信息。其中，非3GPP信息可以包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、MAC地址等。
例如，在模式A的发现过程中，中继终端在广播的通知消息中包括PC5 RAT类型，远端终端选择中继终端后向中继终端请求额外的参数(additional parameter)，中继终端通过额外的参数向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息。
又例如，在模式B的发现过程中，远端终端在广播的征求消息中包括期望的PC5 RAT类型和远端终端的非3GPP信息，中继终端通过响应消息向远端终端发送中继终端的非3GPP信息。
步骤10054a，当PC5 RAT类型为非3GPP时，远端终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块建立相应的底层连接。
步骤1004b，当PC5 RAT类型为非3GPP时，中继终端的3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块建立相应的底层连接。
步骤1005，远端终端与中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤1006a，当远端终端的非3GPP模块确定连接的对端终端是3GPP模块指定的设备时，非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、以及非3GPP连接的标识。
步骤1006b，当中继终端的非3GPP模块确定连接的对端终端是3GPP模块指定的设备时，非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、以及非3GPP连接的标识。
步骤1007，中继终端建立新的PDU会话。
步骤1008a，远端终端建立数据映射关系。
步骤1008b，中继终端建立数据映射关系，用于上下行数据的映射。
步骤1009，中继终端向SMF发送远端终端报告，用于网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
图10中的步骤1004a至步骤1007与图7中的步骤705a至步骤708相同，步骤1008a至步骤1009与图7中的步骤711a至步骤712相同，可以参考图7的相关描述，在此不再赘详述。
后续远端终端与中继终端之间就可以通过非3GPP连接传输数据，中继终端也可以进行对远端终端的数据进行转发。
需要说明的是，在图10中并未示出确定PC5 RAT类型、以及确定RSC的过程。
图9和图10所示的方法需对远端终端和中继终端的内部进行增强，以实现上述的3GPP模块与非3GPP模块之间的交互以及数据转发。远端终端和中继终端的内部增强可以参考图8的相关描述。
这样，在示例2中，远端终端和中继终端通过3GPP ProSe发现过程交互用于建立非3GPP连接的非3GPP信息，以触发非3GPP连接的建立，使得远端终端与中继终端之间就可以通过非3GPP连接传输数据。并且在示例2中对终端的内部进行了增强，可以实现实现终端内部3GPP模块与非3GPP模块的交互及数据转发。
示例3
图11是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程的另一示意图。
通过图11所示的流程，远端终端和中继终端之间可以通过非3GPP连接(例如蓝牙、WiFi直连或WiFi等)进行通信。
1)远端终端
步骤1，远端终端上的应用启动。
步骤2，远端终端通过URSP确定该应用可使用层3中继业务。
步骤3，远端终端确定与中继终端通信采用的PC5 RAT。
步骤4，远端终端确定RSC。
图11中的步骤1至步骤4与图6中的步骤1至步骤4相同，可以参考图6的相关描述，在此不再详述。
步骤5，远端终端执行非3GPP发现过程。
在非3GPP发现过程中的消息(例如信标(beacon)消息、服务发现(service discovery)消息)中携带的发现参数包括RSC或RSC对应的PDU会话参数。这里的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。
在非3GPP发现过程中，远端终端发送或匹配RSC或RSC对应的PDU会话参数。
步骤6，远端终端与中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤7，远端终端将该非3GPP连接与应用或PFI绑定。
即远端终端建立非3GPP连接与应用或PFI的关联关系。
2)中继终端
步骤1，中继终端执行非3GPP发现过程。
在非3GPP发现过程中的消息(例如信标消息、服务发现消息)中携带的发现参数包括RSC或RSC对应的PDU会话参数。这里的RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。
在非3GPP发现过程中，中继终端发送或匹配RSC或RSC对应的PDU会话参数。
步骤2，中继终端与远端终端建立非3GPP连接。
步骤3，中继终端获取远端终端的3GPP标识。
中继终端可以在非3GPP连接建立过程中或者非3GPP连接建立后获取远端终端的3GPP标识，以便中继远端终端的数据。
步骤4，中继终端建立PDU会话。
步骤4为可选步骤。例如，若中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定已存在的PDU会话不满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端建立PDU会话；若中继终端根据RSC和PDU会话参数的对应关系，确定已存在的PDU会话满足RSC关联的PDU会话参数，则中继终端无需建立PDU会话。
步骤5，中继终端建立非3GPP连接与PDU会话、PFI或包过滤器的关联关系。
步骤6，中继终端可以开始中继数据。
需要说明的是，中继终端也可以执行如远端终端执行的步骤3和步骤4。不同的是，中继终端确定RSC可以是获取中继终端能够提供的RSC。
上面对本申请提供的建立连接的方法的整体流程进行了描述，下面对本申请提供的建立连接的方法进行详细描述。
图12是本申请提供的建立连接的方法的另一个示例。
步骤骤1201a，对中继终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
步骤1201b，对远端终端进行授权和授权信息提供。
步骤1202，中继终端建立PDU会话。
图12中的步骤1201a至步骤1202与图7中的步骤701a至步骤702相同，可以参考图7的相关描述，在此不再详述。
步骤1203a，当PC5 RAT类型为非3GPP时，远端终端的3GPP模块向非3GPP模块发送用于非3GPP发现的发现参数、以及远端终端的3GPP标识，从而触发非3GPP发现流程。
其中，用于非3GPP发现的发现参数可以包括RSC或RSC对应的PDU会话参数。这里的RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模 式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。远端终端的3GPP标识可以包括远端终端的GUTI和/或ProSe UE ID。
步骤1203b，当PC5 RAT类型为非3GPP时，中继终端的3GPP模块向非3GPP模块发送用于非3GPP发现的发现参数、以及中继终端的3GPP标识，从而触发非3GPP发现流程。
其中，用于非3GPP发现的发现参数可以包括RSC或RSC对应的PDU会话参数。这里的RSC对应的PDU会话参数可以包括以下至少一个：PDU会话类型、DNN、SSC模式、S-NSSAI、或接入类型偏好。中继终端的3GPP标识可以包括中继终端的GUTI和/或ProSe UE ID。
步骤1204，远端终端和中继终端执行非3GPP发现过程。
其中，在非3GPP发现过程的消息中携带上述用于非3GPP发现的发现参数。
例如，当非3GPP发现过程为WiFi直连发现过程时，可以定义中继服务(relay service)，在服务发现消息中包括上述用于非3GPP发现的发现参数。可选地，可以通过服务发现消息的保留字段标识中继服务。
又例如，当非3GPP发现过程为蓝牙或WiFi发现过程时，可以在信标消息的保留字段携带上述用于非3GPP发现的发现参数。
步骤1205，远端终端和中继终端建立非3GPP连接。
需要说明的是，在上述非3GPP发现过程中或非3GPP发现过程后，远端终端和中继终端可以交互3GPP标识。例如，远端终端和中继终端通过用户面交互二者的3GPP标识3GPP标识。
步骤1206a，远端终端的非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、非3GPP连接的标识、以及非3GPP连接关联的发现参数(即实际的发现参数)、对端终端的3GPP标识(可选的)。
步骤1206b，中继终端的非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、非3GPP连接的标识、以及非3GPP连接关联的发现参数(即实际的发现参数)、对端终端的3GPP标识。
步骤1207，中继终端建立新的PDU会话。
步骤1208a，远端终端建立数据映射关系。
步骤1208b，中继终端建立数据映射关系，用于上下行数据的映射。
步骤1209，中继终端向SMF发送远端终端报告，用于网络侧对远端终端执行合法监听。
图12中的步骤1207与图6中的步骤708相同，步骤1208a至步骤1209与图7中的步骤711a至步骤712相同，可以参考图7的相关描述，在此不再赘详述。
后续远端终端与中继终端之间就可以通过非3GPP连接传输数据，中继终端也可以进行对远端终端的数据进行转发。
需要说明的是，在图12中并未示出确定PC5 RAT类型、以及确定RSC的过程。
图11和图12所示的方法需对远端终端和中继终端的内部进行增强，以实现上述的3GPP模块与非3GPP模块之间的交互以及数据转发。
图13是远端终端和中继终端的内部增强的另一个示意图。
图13的(a)图示出的是远端终端和中继终端均需进行的内部增强。如图13的(a)图所示，终端的内部增加了层3中继PC5服务SDK模块。该模块负责3GPP模块与非3GPP模块之间的交互。例如，3GPP模块向非3GPP模块发送用于非3GPP发现的发现参数，又例如，非3GPP模块向3GPP模块通知对端终端连接成功、对端终端的3GPP标识、非3GPP连接关联的发现参数、和非3GPP连接的标识。
图13的(b)图示出的是中继终端需要额外进行的内部增强。如图13的(b)图所示，终端的内部增加的层3中继PC5服务SDK模块还负责非3GPP模块与3GPP模块之间进行数据转发。
当然，远端终端也可以进行图13的(b)图所示的增强，本申请不予限制。
这样，在示例3中，远端终端和中继终端通过非3GPP发现过程交互用于建立非3GPP连接的参数，以触发非3GPP连接的建立，使得远端终端与中继终端之间就可以通过非3GPP连接传输数据。并且在示例3中对终端的内部进行了增强，可以实现实现终端内部3GPP模块与非3GPP模块的交互及数据转发。
上文结合图4至图13，详细描述了本申请提供的方法，下面将结合图14至图15，详细描述本申请的装置实施例。可以理解的是，为了实现上述实施例中功能，图9或图10中的装置包括了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本申请中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及方法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件相结合的形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用场景和设计约束条件。
图14和图15为本申请的实施例提供的可能的装置的结构示意图。这些装置可以用于实现上述方法实施例中第一终端或核心网设备的功能，因此也能实现上述方法实施例所具备的有益效果。
如图14所示，装置1400包括收发单元1410和处理单元1420。
在一些实现方式中，当装置1400用于实现上述方法实施例中第一终端的功能时，处理单元1420用于：确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。收发单元1410用于：当所述无线接入技术为第一非3GPP无线接入技术时，在3GPP无线接入技术的第一过程中获取所述第二终端的非3GPP信息，所述非3GPP信息用于所述第一终端与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。处理单元1420还用于：根据所述第一非3GPP信息，与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。其中，所述第一终端为中继场景中的远端终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的中继终端；或者，所述第一终端为中继场景中的中继终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的远端终端。
可选地，处理单元1420具体用于：通过URSP或者本地策略，确定与所述第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
可选地，所述非3GPP信息包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、或地址信息。
可选地，所述第一过程包括以下至少一个：所述第一终端通过3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端的过程、或所述第一终端与所述第二终端建立3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程。
可选地，处理单元1420具体用于：根据第一发现参数，通过3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端；其中，所述第一发现参数包括RSC，所述RSC与所述第一 非3GPP无线接入技术相关联；或者所述第一发现参数包括所述RSC和第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
可选地，所述第一发现参数包括RSC，收发单元1410还用于：接收来自核心网设备的第三信息，所述第三信息用于为所述第一终端配置所述第一发现参数，所述第三信息包括指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述RSC与所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联。
可选地，收发单元1410还用于：向所述核心网设备上报第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一设备支持的非3GPP无线接入技术。
可选地，处理单元1420具体用于：响应于获取到所述非3GPP，3GPP模块触发非3GPP模块与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
可选地，收发单元1410还用于：非3GPP模块向3GPP模块发送第五信息，所述第五信息用于通知所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接建立成功，所述第五信息包括所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的标识。
可选地，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的远端终端时，处理单元1420还用于：建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系；和/或，建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述应用和所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据承载于所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
可选地，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，处理单元1420还用于：建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系；和/或，建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接与所述PDU会话对应，所述PDU会话用于承载所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据。
可选地，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，收发单元1410还用于：向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：第六信息、远端用户的标识、或第二终端的信息，所述第六信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
可选地，所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：WiFi、WiFi直连、蓝牙、zigbee、RFID、IrDA、UWB、或NFC；和/或，所述3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：D2D、侧行链路、或ProSe。
在另一些实现方式中，当装置1400用于实现上述方法实施例中第一终端的功能时，处理单元1420用于：确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。收发单元1410用于：当所述无线接入技术为第一非3GPP无线接入技术时，获取用于所述第一非3GPP无线接入网技术的发现过程的第二发现参数，所述第二发现参数包括以下至少一个：RSC、S-NSSAI、或DNN。处理单元1420还用于：根据所述第二发现参数，通过所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端，并与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。其中，所述第一终端为中继场景中的远端终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的中继终端；或者，所述第一终端为中继场景中的中继终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的远端终端。
可选地，处理单元1420具体用于：通过用户设备路由选择策略URSP或者本地策略， 确定与所述第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
可选地，收发单元1410具体用于：非3GPP模块从3GPP模块获取所述第二发现参数。
可选地，收发单元1410还用于：在建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程中获取所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识；和/或，在建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接后通过用户面获取所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识。
可选地，收发单元1410还用于：非3GPP模块向3GPP模块发送第七信息，所述第七信息用于通知所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接建立成功，所述第七信息包括以下至少一个：所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的标识、所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接关联的发现参数、或所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识。
可选地，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的远端终端时，处理单元1420还用于：建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系；和/或，建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述应用和所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据承载于所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
可选地，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，处理单元1420还用于：建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系；和/或，建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接与所述PDU会话对应，所述PDU会话用于承载所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据。
可选地，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，收发单元1410还用于：向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：第六信息、远端用户的标识、或第二终端的信息，所述第六信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
可选地，所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：WiFi、WiFi直连、蓝牙、zigbee、RFID、IrDA、UWB、或NFC；和/或，所述3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：D2D、侧行链路、或ProSe。
当装置1400用于实现上述方法实施例中核心网设备的功能时，收发单元1410用于：接收第一终端上报的第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一设备支持的非3GPP无线接入技术；向所述第一终端发送第三信息，所述第三信息用于为所述第一终端配置第一发现参数，所述第一发现参数包括RSC，所述第三信息包括指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述RSC与第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联。
关于上述收发单元1410和处理单元1420更详细的描述，可参考上述方法实施例中的相关描述，在此不再说明。
如图15示，装置1500包括处理器1510和接口电路1520。处理器1510和接口电路1520之间相互耦合。可以理解的是，接口电路1520可以为收发器或输入输出接口。可选地，装置1500还可以包括存储器1530，用于存储处理器1510执行的指令或存储处理器1510运行指令所需要的输入数据或存储处理器1510运行指令后产生的数据。当装置1500用于实现上文所述的方法时，处理器1510用于实现上述处理单元1420的功能，接口电路1520用于实现上述收发单元1410的功能。
当装置1500为应用于第一终端的芯片时，该芯片实现上述方法实施例中第一终端的功能。该芯片从第一终端中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)接收信息，该信息是其他装置发送给第一终端的；或者，该芯片向第一终端中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)发送信息，该信息是第一终端发送给其他装置的。
当装置1500为应用于核心网设备的芯片时，该芯片实现上述方法实施例中核心网设备的功能。该芯片从核心网设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)接收信息，该信息是其他装置发送给核心网设备的；或者，该芯片向核心网设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)发送信息，该信息是核心网设备发送给其他装置的。
本申请还提供一种通信装置，包括处理器，该处理器与存储器耦合，存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令和/或数据，处理器用于执行存储器存储的计算机程序或指令，或读取存储器存储的数据，以执行上文各方法实施例中的方法。可选地，处理器为一个或多个。可选地，该通信装置包括存储器。可选地，存储器为一个或多个。可选地，该存储器与该处理器集成在一起，或者分离设置。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有用于实现上述各方法实施例中由第一终端或核心网设备执行的方法的计算机指令。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，包含指令，该指令被计算机执行时以实现上述各方法实施例中由第一终端或核心网设备执行的方法。
本申请还提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括上文各实施例中的第一终端或核心网设备。
上述提供的任一种装置中相关内容的解释及有益效果均可参考上文提供的对应的方法实施例，此处不再赘述。
可以理解的是，本申请的实施例中的处理器可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。
本申请的实施例中的方法步骤可以通过硬件的方式来实现，也可以由处理器执行软件指令的方式来实现。软件指令可以由相应的软件模块组成，软件模块可以被存放于随机存取存储器、闪存、只读存储器、可编程只读存储器、可擦除可编程只读存储器、电可擦除可编程只读存储器、寄存器、硬盘、移动硬盘、CD-ROM或者本领域熟知的任何其它形式的存储介质中。一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息。当然，存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。另外，该ASIC可以位于第一终端或核心网设备中。当然，处理器和存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于第一终端或核心网设备中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、网络设备、用户设备或者其它可编程装置。所述计算机程序或指令 可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机程序或指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字视频光盘；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘。
在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。
可以理解的是，在本申请的实施例中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请的实施例的范围。上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。
除非另有说明，本申请实施例所使用的所有技术和科学术语与本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本申请中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本申请的范围。应理解，上述为举例说明，上文的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例，而非要将申请实施例限制于所示例的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据上文所给出的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改和变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种建立连接的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术；
    当所述无线接入技术为第一非第三代合作伙伴计划3GPP无线接入技术时，所述第一终端在3GPP无线接入技术的第一过程中获取所述第二终端的非3GPP信息，所述非3GPP信息用于所述第一终端与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接；
    所述第一终端根据所述第一非3GPP信息，与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接；
    其中，所述第一终端为中继场景中的远端终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的中继终端；或者，所述第一终端为中继场景中的中继终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的远端终端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术，包括：
    所述第一终端通过用户设备路由选择策略URSP或者本地策略，确定与所述第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述非3GPP信息包括以下至少一个：设备名称、热点名称、或地址信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一过程包括以下至少一个：所述第一终端通过3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端的过程、或所述第一终端与所述第二终端建立3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端根据第一发现参数，通过3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端；
    其中，所述第一发现参数包括中继服务码RSC，所述RSC与所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联；或者所述第一发现参数包括所述RSC和第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一发现参数包括RSC，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端接收来自核心网设备的第三信息，所述第三信息用于为所述第一终端配置所述第一发现参数，所述第三信息包括指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述RSC与所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术相关联。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端向所述核心网设备上报第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一设备支持的非3GPP无线接入技术。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一终端根据所述非3GPP信息，与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接，包括：
    响应于获取到所述非3GPP，所述第一终端的3GPP模块触发所述第一终端的非3GPP 模块与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端的非3GPP模块向所述第一终端的3GPP模块发送第五信息，所述第五信息用于通知所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接建立成功，所述第五信息包括所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的标识。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的远端终端时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系；和/或，
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；
    其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述应用和所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据承载于所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系；和/或，
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；
    其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接与所述PDU会话对应，所述PDU会话用于承载所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据。
  12. 根据权利要求1至9、以及11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：第六信息、远端用户的标识、或第二终端的信息，所述第六信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
  13. 根据权利要求4至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：WiFi、WiFi直连、蓝牙、紫蜂zigbee、射频识别RFID、红外数据传输IrDA、超宽频UWB、或近场通信NFC；和/或，
    所述3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：端到端D2D、侧行链路sidelink、或基于近场的服务ProSe。
  14. 一种建立连接的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术；
    当所述无线接入技术为第一非第三代合作伙伴计划3GPP无线接入技术时，所述第一终端获取用于所述第一非3GPP无线接入网技术的发现过程的第二发现参数，所述第二发现参数包括以下至少一个：中继服务码RSC、单一网络切片选择辅助信息S-NSSAI、或数据网络名称DNN；
    所述第一终端根据所述第二发现参数，通过所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的发现过程发现所述第二终端，并与所述第二终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接；
    其中，所述第一终端为中继场景中的远端终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的中继终端；或者，所述第一终端为中继场景中的中继终端，所述第二终端为中继场景中的远端终端。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一终端确定与第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术，包括：
    所述第一终端通过用户设备路由选择策略URSP或者本地策略，确定与所述第二终端通信所采用的无线接入技术。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一终端获取用于所述第一非3GPP无线接入网技术的发现过程的第二发现参数，包括：
    所述第一终端的非3GPP模块从所述第一终端的3GPP模块获取所述第二发现参数。
  17. 根据权利要求14至16中任选一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端在建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的过程中获取所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识；和/或，
    所述第一终端在建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接后通过用户面获取所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识。
  18. 根据权利要求14至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端的非3GPP模块向所述第一终端的3GPP模块发送第七信息，所述第七信息用于通知所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接建立成功，所述第七信息包括以下至少一个：所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的标识、所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接关联的发现参数、或所述第二终端的3GPP无线接入技术的标识。
  19. 根据权利要求14至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的远端终端时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与应用的关联关系；和/或，
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；
    其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述应用和所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据承载于所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接。
  20. 根据权利要求14至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与PDU会话的关联关系；和/或，
    所述第一终端建立所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接与3GPP无线接入技术的连接的关联关系；
    其中，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接为所述第一终端与所述第二终端之间的连接，所述3GPP无线接入技术的连接与所述PDU会话对应，所述PDU会话用于承载所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术的连接的数据。
  21. 根据权利要求14至19、以及20中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一终端为所述中继场景中的中继终端时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端向核心网设备发送以下信息中的至少一个：第六信息、远端用户的标识、或第二终端的信息，所述第六信息用于指示所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术。
  22. 根据权利要求15至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一非3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：WiFi、WiFi直连、蓝牙、紫蜂zigbee、射频识别RFID、红外数据传输IrDA、超宽频UWB、或近场通信NFC；和/或，
    所述3GPP无线接入技术包括以下至少一个：端到端D2D、侧行链路sidelink、或基于近场的服务ProSe。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以使得所述装置执行如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括所述存储器。
  25. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  26. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法的指令。
  27. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：第一终端，所述第一终端用于执行如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
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