WO2023124289A1 - 智能分控液压刹车系统 - Google Patents

智能分控液压刹车系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023124289A1
WO2023124289A1 PCT/CN2022/120377 CN2022120377W WO2023124289A1 WO 2023124289 A1 WO2023124289 A1 WO 2023124289A1 CN 2022120377 W CN2022120377 W CN 2022120377W WO 2023124289 A1 WO2023124289 A1 WO 2023124289A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
pump
cylinder
hydraulic
pressure
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PCT/CN2022/120377
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐世勇
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齐世勇
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Publication of WO2023124289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124289A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vehicle brake control systems, in particular to a hydraulic-based independent control brake system, in particular to an intelligent split-control hydraulic brake system.
  • the existing vehicle braking systems are mainly divided into two categories: one is hydraulic braking, and the other is pneumatic braking.
  • the principle is to realize the clamping and holding between mechanical structures through the pressure of fluid. achieve the purpose of braking.
  • the existing hydraulic braking system generates hydraulic driving force through the action of the brake pedal in connection with the brake master cylinder, which is then evenly distributed to each brake cylinder through the hydraulic pipeline, and the brake disc is clamped by pushing the brake pad through the brake cylinder piston. Generate braking force to achieve braking.
  • the existing hydraulic braking system has a very good effect in normal working conditions, but if any part of the hydraulic pipeline leaks and loses pressure, it will cause the entire braking system to lose braking force and the brakes will fail. It is a great threat to driving safety. In order to solve this problem and improve the reliability of the brake system, most of the hydraulic pipes of existing cars are replaced by metal pipes. road, and rubber pipes and joints are potential safety hazards for leakage.
  • the other kind of air brake is generally used on large buses or large trucks, and its working principle is relatively reliable, but because the braking force required by large vehicles is very large, this introduces new technical problems; Braking system, when the car is cold, there will often be insufficient air pressure, especially in winter or relatively old cars. Generally, the air pump will raise the air pressure to the working pressure in the cold car state before starting. drive. However, in the process of idling and warming up the car in cold weather, a large amount of harmful substances such as sulfide and carbon monoxide will be produced to cause environmental pollution. Furthermore, the brakes of heavy-duty trucks often need to be equipped with sprinklers. When the sprinklers fail, continuous braking will cause the temperature of the brake drum to increase sharply, resulting in a tire blowout accident.
  • the application provides an intelligent split-control hydraulic brake system, which can fundamentally solve the problem of brake failure caused by brake pipeline leakage. It can still provide normal braking under normal conditions; moreover, it can also selectively close the braking of one or more wheels, so as to avoid the rapid rise of the temperature of the brake drum caused by the failure of the sprinkler of a certain wheel of the heavy truck. Problems causing tire blowouts.
  • the invention adopts intelligent sub-control hydraulic brakes, and is equipped with two sets of independent electric hydraulic pumps to form a complementary effect.
  • any electric hydraulic pump fails, the normal operation of the braking system will not be affected at all. Sufficient time for maintenance, there will be no breakdown or hidden dangers of traffic accidents.
  • Sensors are installed at each oil circuit node of the present invention, so that the driver can intuitively grasp the working state of the entire braking system, and at the same time, by installing multiple one-way valves at specific positions in the pipeline, the problem of pressure loss caused by pipeline leakage is avoided.
  • the present invention is also equipped with a solenoid valve on each control cylinder, which can independently shut off the oil supply of any brake cylinder at any time, thereby effectively solving the problem of tire blowout caused by the high temperature of the brake drum that cannot be cooled due to the fault of the water shower .
  • the intelligent split-control hydraulic braking system consists of a control unit, a plurality of independent hydraulic actuator units and sensing units.
  • the brake master cylinder is connected to at least one control cylinder, and any control cylinder is connected to a brake cylinder for braking;
  • the sensing unit includes an oil quantity sensor installed in the hydraulic oil tank, a first oil pressure sensor for detecting the outlet oil pressure of the electric hydraulic pump, and a second oil pressure sensor for detecting the oil supply pressure of the high-pressure oil storage barrel , the third oil pressure sensor used to detect the oil pressure at the outlet of the control wheel cylinder or the fourth oil pressure sensor used to detect the oil pressure of the brake wheel cylinder; the sensing unit also includes the first oil pressure sensor used to detect the oil pressure at the outlet of the electric hydraulic pump An oil pressure sensor and a temperature sensor for detecting the working temperature of the brake cylinder.
  • the control unit is electrically connected with the sensing unit and the hydraulic execution unit.
  • the sensing unit also includes a Displacement sensor at bottom center.
  • the function of the displacement sensor is an insurance function, which is used to monitor the stroke inside the high-pressure oil storage tank in real time. The pressure of the oil barrel increases gradually, and when it reaches the alarm stroke that can be monitored by the displacement sensor, the displacement sensor will send a signal to the control unit, so that the operation of the electric hydraulic pump will be stopped immediately through the control unit to avoid cylinder explosion accidents.
  • the above-mentioned displacement sensor can also be replaced by a mechanical travel switch.
  • the gland When working, as the pressure of the high-pressure oil storage tank gradually increases, when the alarm stroke is reached, the gland will touch the stroke switch to trigger a switch to forcibly disconnect the power supply of the electric hydraulic pump, thereby playing a protective role.
  • the brake master cylinder includes a master cylinder housing, and the master cylinder housing has a first chamber for slidingly and sealingly installing the master cylinder spool, the master cylinder
  • One end of the pump casing is integrally provided with an oil return port with an inner diameter smaller than the first chamber, and a limit mechanism is clamped on the inner wall of the other end of the master pump casing, and the limit mechanism and the oil return port connect the master pump valve
  • the core is restricted to slide axially in the first chamber; at least a pair of master pump oil inlets and master pump oil outlets are provided on the outer wall of the master pump housing, and the master pump spool is provided with a device for changing the position by The T-shaped oil passages connected to the oil inlet port and the oil return port of the master pump or the oil outlet port and the oil return port of the master pump respectively, and the T-shaped oil passages are connected to the The oil return port slides and is closed and communicated.
  • the outer peripheral side wall of the telescopic oil pipe is sleeved with a return spring for pushing the master pump valve core to reset;
  • the pull arm is the only component that controls the master cylinder spool. It can establish a driving relationship with the existing vehicle brake pedal through cable connection, connecting rod hinge, etc., so as to realize the control of the master cylinder spool by stepping on the original brake pedal of the vehicle. control.
  • the telescopic oil pipe is provided with a limit step that limits the downward movement of the master pump spool. When the driver steps on the brake pedal and controls the master cylinder spool to move downward through the pull arm, the maximum stroke is the state where the limit step is in contact with the master cylinder housing.
  • the T-shaped oil passages are respectively connected to the master cylinder
  • the oil port, T-shaped oil passage and oil return port, the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the high-pressure oil storage barrel quickly enters the brake cylinder to perform the braking action, thereby realizing rapid braking.
  • an annular oil collection groove is further provided on the peripheral side wall of the master pump spool close to the T-shaped oil passage. Since there are two oil inlet holes in the T-shaped oil passage, if the master pump spool rotates axially, under the action of the annular oil collecting groove, no matter how much the master pump spool deflects, it will not affect the T-shaped oil. The airtight communication between the passage and the master pump oil inlet or the master pump oil outlet improves the working reliability of the master pump spool.
  • the limit mechanism includes a first snap ring and a second snap ring that are detachably and fixedly snapped on the inner wall of the master pump housing, and are arranged on The first oil seal between the first circlip and the second circlip.
  • the first circlip and the second circlip are axially fixed by being embedded on the inner wall of the master cylinder housing, and the first oil seal is always limited at a fixed position, and the first oil seal is connected with the master cylinder spool and the master cylinder respectively.
  • the sliding contact between the housings achieves a seal.
  • the control sub-cylinder includes a sub-cylinder casing, a sub-pump oil inlet provided at the bottom of the sub-pump casing and a sub-pump that is slidingly sealed in the sub-pump casing.
  • Pump piston, the upper end of the sub-pump casing is provided with a sub-pump oil outlet, and the sub-pump oil outlet is detachably and airtightly connected with a solenoid valve for controlling the on-off of the oil circuit and for detecting the oil pressure of the sub-pump oil outlet.
  • the third oil pressure sensor; the side of the sub-pump piston close to the electromagnetic valve is provided with an avoidance blind hole for avoiding the electromagnetic valve core.
  • the high-pressure oil storage drum includes an oil drum shell, and one end of the oil drum shell is detachably and airtightly provided with an end cover, and the other is A hydraulic cylinder is installed coaxially at one end, and a pressure supply piston is arranged in a sealed slide in the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure supply piston is reciprocatingly slid through a connecting rod and an axially reciprocating gland set in the oil drum shell, and the gland A high-pressure spring is arranged between the end cover and the end cover of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a limit sealing mechanism. end connection.
  • the high-pressure oil storage barrel When the brake pedal is not stepped on, the high-pressure oil storage barrel is in the state of accumulating pressure, and the electric hydraulic pump continuously pumps the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank into the hydraulic cylinder. Compress the high-pressure spring, and at the same time, as the pressure supply piston slides to the side of the high-pressure spring, more and more hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the electric hydraulic pump When the hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic cylinder reaches the preset value, the electric hydraulic pump When the oil supply is stopped, under the action of the high-pressure spring, the pressure value of the hydraulic oil always maintains the preset value, and the pressure storage process is completed.
  • the brake pedal When the brake pedal is stepped on, the brake master cylinder is opened, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder is instantly supplied with oil under the action of the high-pressure spring to realize the braking action.
  • the pressure supply piston is provided with a second oil seal on the side walls near both ends, and a rubber sleeve B arranged between the two second oil seals, the limit
  • the sealing mechanism includes a third snap ring clamped on the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and a rubber sleeve A sleeved on the connecting rod to respectively contact and seal between the connecting rod and the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the present invention adopts intelligent sub-control hydraulic brakes, and is equipped with two sets of independent electric hydraulic pumps to form a complementary effect.
  • any electric hydraulic pump fails, it will not affect the normal operation of the braking system at all, and the driver finds the fault There will be enough time for maintenance at the end, and there will be no hidden dangers of breaking down or causing traffic accidents.
  • Sensors are installed on each oil circuit node of the present invention, so that the driver can intuitively grasp the working state of the entire braking system, and at the same time, multiple check valves are installed at specific positions in the pipeline to avoid pressure loss caused by pipeline leakage question.
  • the present invention is also equipped with a solenoid valve on each control sub-cylinder, which can independently shut off the oil supply of any brake sub-cylinder at any time, thereby effectively solving the explosion caused by the high temperature of the brake drum that cannot be cooled due to the fault of the water shower. tire problem.
  • the electrohydraulic pump of the present invention is not affected by whether the engine is in a working state, and even if the engine is abnormally turned off, the brake will not lose its braking ability due to lack of power assistance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an axonometric view of the brake master cylinder structure.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view along the line A-A in Fig. 3 (in a braking state).
  • Figure 5 is Figure 4 in the non-braking state.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure of area B in FIG. 4 .
  • Fig. 7 is a top view of the brake master cylinder.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along line C-C in Fig. 7 .
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the structure of the control pump.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of the control cylinder.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view along line D-D in Fig. 10 .
  • Fig. 12 is an axial full sectional view of the high-pressure oil storage barrel in the oil storage state.
  • Fig. 13 is an axial full sectional view of the high-pressure oil storage barrel in the oil supply state.
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the structure of area E in FIG. 13 .
  • Fig. 15 is an axonometric view of the installation mechanism of the brake master cylinder and the control cylinder.
  • Fig. 16 is a structural axonometric view of the high-pressure oil storage barrel.
  • Fig. 17 is an axonometric view of the reverse vision structure of Fig. 16 .
  • 1-control unit 2-hydraulic oil tank; 3-electric hydraulic pump; 4-first check valve; 5-high pressure oil storage tank; 6-second check valve; 7-brake master cylinder; 8- Control cylinder; 9-brake cylinder;
  • 11-oil quantity sensor 12-first oil pressure sensor; 13-second oil pressure sensor; 14-displacement sensor; 15-fourth oil pressure sensor; 16-temperature sensor.
  • 71-master cylinder housing 711-master cylinder oil inlet; 712-master cylinder oil outlet; 713-first chamber; 714-oil return port; 715-pressure equalizing hole; 72-bracket; 73-drawing arm ;74-master cylinder spool;741-T-type oil passage;742-telescopic oil pipe;743-limiting step;75-return spring;76-first circlip;77-second circlip;78-first oil seal .
  • 81-slave pump housing 82-slave pump oil outlet; 83-third oil pressure sensor; 84-solenoid valve; 85-slave pump piston; 86-slave pump oil inlet; 87-avoid blind hole.
  • connection can also be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection can also be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • the intelligent split-control hydraulic brake system provided by the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, includes a control unit 1, a plurality of independent hydraulic actuator units and sensing units, the hydraulic actuator unit includes a hydraulic oil tank 2, and sequentially through hydraulic oil pipes
  • the sensing unit includes an oil quantity sensor 11 installed in the hydraulic oil tank 2, a first oil pressure sensor 12 for detecting the oil pressure at the outlet of the electric hydraulic pump 3, and a first oil pressure sensor 12 for detecting the oil supply pressure of the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5.
  • the second oil pressure sensor 13 is used to detect the third oil pressure sensor 83 for controlling the outlet oil pressure of the wheel cylinder 8 or the fourth oil pressure sensor 15 for detecting the oil pressure of the brake wheel cylinder 9;
  • the first oil pressure sensor 12 for detecting the outlet oil pressure of the electric hydraulic pump 3 and the temperature sensor 16 for detecting the working temperature of the brake cylinder 9 .
  • the control unit 1 is electrically connected with the sensing unit and the hydraulic execution unit.
  • the control unit 1 can use the existing integrated chip, and its working logic is as follows: collect the signal information of each sensor of the sensing unit in real time, and issue corresponding instructions according to the actual collected information value compared with the preset threshold value of the control unit 1 , the control logic of the control unit 1 is consistent with the existing closed-loop control.
  • the same master brake cylinder 7 in this embodiment is connected with four control cylinders 8, and any one of the control cylinders 8 is airtightly connected with a brake cylinder 9; in the non-braking state, the brake pedal is in a natural state
  • the control unit 1 sends a control command to the electric hydraulic pump 3, and the electric hydraulic pump 3 pumps the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 2 into the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 and sends it to the brake master cylinder 7.
  • the brake master cylinder 7 is opened, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 enters the control cylinder 8, and finally drives each brake cylinder 9 to brake the wheels.
  • This embodiment adopts two hydraulic actuators to control four wheels, and is suitable for vehicles with common four-wheel brakes. If it needs to be applied to multi-wheel vehicles, it is necessary to add brake cylinders 9 correspondingly to the number of brake wheels.
  • the electro-hydraulic pumps 3 of the two hydraulic actuator units in this embodiment are arranged in parallel, and the failure of any one of the electro-hydraulic pumps 3 will not affect the normal operation of the braking system.
  • the pump can still provide high-pressure hydraulic oil to the brake master cylinder 7 to maintain the normal operation of the brake system.
  • the first one-way valve 4 is to prevent the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil storage tank 5 from losing pressure when the electric hydraulic pump 3 fails or leaks; the function of the second one-way valve 6 is to prevent the hydraulic oil from entering the brake master cylinder.
  • the leakage of the pipeline before the 7 oil inlet causes the hydraulic oil in the brake master cylinder 7 to lose pressure.
  • the control unit 1 sends a work command to the electric hydraulic pump 3 when the oil pressure value collected by the second oil pressure sensor 13 is lower than the preset value. , until the actual pressure value reaches the preset value.
  • the temperature sensor 16 installed on the brake cylinder 9 is used to carry out high temperature warning to the brake working temperature, avoiding the high temperature of the brakes to cause the high temperature of the wheel hub, thereby causing serious accidents such as tire blowout or even nature. If the actual temperature collected by a certain temperature sensor 16 is higher than the preset temperature value of the control unit 1, then the driver can close the corresponding brake cylinder 9, or check the water shower, so as to effectively prevent the high temperature from causing brake failure.
  • the sensing unit also includes a displacement sensor 14 installed at the center of the bottom of the high-pressure oil storage drum 5 .
  • the function of the displacement sensor 14 is an insurance function, which is used to monitor the stroke inside the high-pressure oil storage tank 5 in real time.
  • the control unit 1 cannot stop the pressure supply work of the electric hydraulic pump 3 at the preset pressure value due to unknown reasons.
  • the pressure of the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 gradually increases, when the alarm stroke that the displacement sensor 14 can monitor is reached, the displacement sensor 14 will send a signal to the control unit 1, thereby immediately stopping the power supply to the electric hydraulic pump 3 through the control unit 1. Avoid cylinder explosion accidents.
  • the above-mentioned displacement sensor can also be replaced by a mechanical travel switch.
  • the gland will touch the stroke switch to trigger the formation of a switch to forcibly disconnect the power supply of the electric hydraulic pump, thus playing a protective role.
  • the brake master cylinder 7 includes a master cylinder housing 71, which has a first chamber 713 for slidingly and sealingly installing the master cylinder spool 74, and one end of the master cylinder housing 71 is integrally provided with an inner diameter
  • the oil return port 714 of the first chamber 713 is smaller than the oil return port 714 of the first chamber 713, and the limit mechanism is clamped on the inner wall of the other end of the master pump housing 71.
  • the limit mechanism and the oil return port 714 limit the master pump spool 74 to the position Axial sliding in the first chamber 713; at least a pair of master pump oil inlet 711 and a master pump oil outlet 712 are provided on the outer wall of the master pump housing 71, and the master pump spool 74 is provided with a The position is changed to respectively connect the T-shaped oil passage 741 of the master pump oil inlet 711 and the oil return port 714 or the master pump oil outlet 712 and the oil return port 714.
  • the T-shaped oil passage 741 passes through the master pump valve core
  • the telescopic oil pipe 742 integrally formed by 74 is in sliding and airtight communication with the oil return port 714, and the outer peripheral side wall of the telescopic oil pipe 742 is sleeved with a return spring 75 for pushing the master pump spool 74 to reset; the master pump housing
  • a bracket 72 is mounted on the bracket 71, and a pull arm 73 for controlling the expansion and contraction of the master cylinder spool 74 is hinged on the bracket 72 .
  • a pressure equalizing hole 715 is opened on the side wall of the master cylinder housing 71 close to the return spring 75 .
  • the pressure equalizing hole 715 is used to remove or inhale air to achieve balanced air pressure, so as to prevent the lower part of the master pump spool 74 from being unable to be removed and increase the pedaling resistance of the driver.
  • the pull arm 73 is the only component that controls the master cylinder spool 74, and it can establish a driving relationship with the existing vehicle brake pedal through a cable connection method, a connecting rod hinge method, etc., so as to realize the master cylinder by stepping on the original brake pedal of the vehicle. Control of the spool 74.
  • the stepping amount of the brake pedal of the vehicle is converted into the amount of movement of the driving master cylinder spool 74 by wired or wireless means, so as to establish a linear braking relationship.
  • the telescopic oil pipe 742 is provided with a limiting step 743 that limits the downward movement of the master pump spool 74 .
  • the maximum stroke is the state where the limit step 743 is in contact with the master cylinder housing 71.
  • the T-shaped oil passages 741 are respectively Connected to the oil inlet 711 of the master cylinder, the T-shaped oil passage 741 and the oil return port 714, the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 pushes the brake cylinder 9 to perform the braking action, thereby realizing rapid braking.
  • an annular oil sump is provided on the peripheral side wall of the master pump spool 74 near the T-shaped oil passage 741 . Since there are two oil inlet holes in the T-shaped oil passage 741, if the master pump spool 74 rotates axially, under the action of the annular oil collecting groove, no matter how many degrees the master pump spool 74 deflects, it will not affect The airtight communication between the T-shaped oil passage 741 and the master pump oil inlet 711 or the master pump oil outlet 712 improves the working reliability of the master pump spool 74 .
  • the limiting mechanism includes a first snap ring 76 and a second snap ring 77 that are detachably and fixedly snapped on the inner wall of the master cylinder housing 71 , And the first oil seal 78 arranged between the first snap ring 76 and the second snap ring 77 .
  • the first circlip 76 and the second circlip 77 are axially fixed by being embedded in the inner wall of the master cylinder housing 71, and the first oil seal 78 is always limited to a fixed position, and the first oil seal 78 is used to connect with the master cylinder respectively.
  • the sliding contact between the spool 74 and the master cylinder housing 71 achieves sealing.
  • the control cylinder 8 includes a cylinder housing body 81, the sub-pump oil inlet 86 set at the bottom of the sub-pump housing 81 and the sub-pump piston 85 which is slidingly sealed in the sub-pump housing 81, and the upper end of the sub-pump housing 81 is provided with a sub-pump oil outlet Port 82, the sub-pump oil outlet 82 is detachably and airtightly connected with a solenoid valve 84 for controlling the on-off of the oil circuit and a third oil pressure sensor 83 for detecting the oil pressure of the sub-pump oil outlet 82;
  • the side of the pump piston 85 close to the electromagnetic valve 84 is provided with an escape blind hole 87 for avoiding the electromagnetic valve core, so as to avoid interference between the valve core of the electromagnetic valve 84 and the sub-pump piston 85 .
  • the solenoid valve 84 When the control cylinder 8 is in normal operation, the solenoid valve 84 is always in the conduction state. When the oil pressure detected by the third oil pressure sensor 83 located at the oil outlet 82 of the cylinder is obviously out of pressure, it means that the corresponding brake exists. In the event of an obvious brake failure, in order to avoid leakage of hydraulic oil, the driver manually gives an instruction to close the corresponding solenoid valve 84 through the control unit 1, so as to realize the shutdown of a certain independently controlled sub-cylinder 8, and will not be caused by local hydraulic oil leakage. The problem that causes the hydraulic pressure loss of the entire braking system will not affect the braking of other wheels. Compared with the existing technology, this improvement can still maintain the full braking capacity of all wheels except the faulty wheel in the case of hydraulic oil leakage, greatly improving the reliability and failure resistance of the brake, reducing the A traffic accident caused by brake failure caused by brake fluid leakage.
  • this embodiment optimizes the high-pressure oil storage tank 5 on the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, as shown in the attached drawings 12-14 of the specification.
  • the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 includes an oil barrel shell 51, one end of the oil barrel shell 51 is detachably and airtightly provided with an end cover 52, and the other end is coaxially equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 57, and the airtight slide of the hydraulic cylinder 57 is provided with A pressure supply piston 56, the pressure supply piston 56 slides back and forth through the connecting rod 55 and the gland 54 arranged in the oil drum housing 51 in the axial direction, and a
  • the high pressure spring 53, the hydraulic cylinder 57 is provided with a limit sealing mechanism near the end cover 52, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 57 communicates with the outlet end of the first one-way valve 4 and the inlet end of the second one-way valve respectively.
  • the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 When the brake pedal is not stepped on, the high-pressure oil storage barrel 5 is in the state of accumulating pressure, and the electric hydraulic pump 3 continuously pumps the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 2 into the hydraulic cylinder 57, and the hydraulic oil overcomes the elastic force of the high-pressure spring 53 and passes through the pressure supply piston 56 in turn. Push the connecting rod 55 and the gland 54 to compress the high-pressure spring 53, and at the same time, as the pressure supply piston 56 slides toward the side of the high-pressure spring 53, more and more hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder 57.
  • the electric hydraulic pump 3 stops supplying oil, and under the action of the high-pressure spring 53, the pressure value of the hydraulic oil always maintains the preset value, and the pressure storage process is completed.
  • the master brake cylinder 7 is opened, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 57 realizes the oil supply instantaneously under the action of the high-pressure spring 53 to realize the braking action.
  • the inner wall of the gland 54 is slidably sleeved on the hydraulic cylinder 57 on the outer wall.
  • the pressure supply piston 56 is provided with a second oil seal 561 on the side walls near both ends, and a rubber sleeve B562 arranged between the two second oil seals 561,
  • the position-limiting sealing mechanism includes a third clamping spring 59 clamped on the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder 57 , and a rubber sleeve A58 sleeved on the connecting rod 55 to respectively contact and seal between the connecting rod 55 and the hydraulic cylinder 57 .

Abstract

智能分控液压刹车系统，包括控制单元（1）、多个独立的液压执行单元和传感单元组成，液压执行单元包括液压油箱（2），以及通过液压油管依次密闭连通的电动液压泵（3）、第一单向阀（4）、高压储油桶（5）、第二单向阀（6）、刹车总泵（7），刹车总泵（7）连接至少一个控制分泵（8），任一控制分泵（8）均连接有用于制动的刹车分泵（9）；控制单元（1）与传感单元和液压执行单元电连接，能够克服现有刹车系统因泄漏故障导致刹车失灵的问题。

Description

智能分控液压刹车系统 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆制动控制系统技术领域，尤其涉及基于液压的独立控制刹车系统，具体涉及智能分控液压刹车系统。
背景技术
现有的车辆制动系统主要分为两类：一类是采用液压制动，另一类是采用气压制动，其原理都是通过流体的压力作用实现机械结构之间的夹持抱紧，达到制动的目的。
现有的液压刹车系统是通过制动踏板的动作关联刹车总泵产生液压驱动力，再通过液压管路均匀分布到每一个刹车分泵上，通过刹车分泵活塞推动刹车片将刹车盘夹紧产生制动力实现刹车。现有液压制动系统在正常工作状态具有非常好的效果，但如果一旦液压管路的任一一个部位出现泄漏失压，将会导致整个刹车系统失去制动力，出现刹车失灵的情况，这对于行车安全而言威胁极大。为了解决这一问题，提高刹车系统的可靠性，现有汽车的液压管路大部分均采用金属管替代橡胶管，但由于刹车分泵需要随车轮转向，因此依然不可避免的会存在橡胶液压管路，而橡胶管路和接头部位就是泄漏的安全隐患点。
另一种断气刹一般用于大客车或者大货车上，其工作原理相对可靠，但由于大型车辆需要的制动力非常大，这又引入新的技术问题；由于整车数个车轮均为一套制动系统，在冷车着车时，经常会出现气压不足的情况，冬天或者年限相对较老的车尤为明显，一般实际会在冷车状态下待打气泵将气压提升至工作压力后再行开车。而在冷天怠速热车过程中会产生大量的硫化物和一氧化碳等有害物质造成环境污染。再者，载重货车的刹车往往都需要配备淋水器，当淋水器故障时持续刹车会使得刹车鼓温度剧增，导致爆胎事故。
发明内容
为了解决现有车辆制动控制系统存在的上述问题，本申请提供智能分控液压刹车系统，能够从根本上解决因刹车管路泄漏导致刹车失灵的问题，同时，还能够在液压泵故障的前提下依然能够提供正常的制动；再者，还能够选择性的关闭某一个或者多个车轮的制动，从而避免诸如载重大货车某一个车轮的淋水器故障导致刹车鼓温度急剧升高最终导致爆胎的问题。
本发明采用智能分控液压刹车，通过配备两套独立的电动液压泵形成互补作用，能够在任一一台电动液压泵出现故障时丝毫不会影响到刹车系统的正常工作，驾驶员发现故障后有充足的时间进行维修，不会有抛锚或者导致交通事故的隐患。
本发明各油路节点均安装有传感器，使得驾驶员能够直观的掌握整个刹车系统的工作状态，同时通过在管路中特定位置安装多个单向阀，避免管路泄漏导致的失压问题。
本发明在每一个控制分泵上还设置有电磁阀，能够随时独立关闭任何一个刹车分泵的供油，从而有效的解决因淋水器故障导致刹车鼓高温无法降温所带来的爆胎问题。
为了达到上述目的，本申请所采用的技术方案为：
本发明提供的智能分控液压刹车系统，包括控制单元、多个独立的液压执行单元 和传感单元组成，所述液压执行单元包括液压油箱，以及通过液压油管依次密闭连通的电动液压泵、第一单向阀、高压储油桶、第二单向阀、刹车总泵，所述刹车总泵连接至少一个控制分泵，任一控制分泵均连接有用于制动的刹车分泵；
所述传感单元包括安装在所述液压油箱内的油量传感器，用于检测电动液压泵出口油压的第一油压传感器、用于检测高压储油桶供油压力的第二油压传感器，用于检测控制分泵出口油压的第三油压传感器或用于检测刹车分泵油压的第四油压传感器；所述传感单元还包括用于检测电动液压泵出口油压的第一油压传感器和用于检测刹车分泵工作温度的温度传感器。
所述控制单元与所述传感单元和液压执行单元电连接。
为了避免第二油压传感器故障引起的电动液压泵达到预设压力后继续供压，使得高压储油桶爆缸的问题，优选地，所述传感单元还包括安装在高压储油桶内位于底部中心位置的位移传感器。所述位移传感器的作用是一个保险的作用，用于实时监测高压储油桶内部的行程，当控制单元因不明原因无法在预设压力值停止电动液压泵的供压工作时，随着高压储油桶压力逐渐增高，到达位移传感器所能监测的报警行程时，位移传感器将向控制单元发出信号，从而通过控制单元立即停止电动液压泵的工作，避免爆缸事故发生。
值得说明的是，为了避免所述控制单元本身发生故障而导致系统失控，避免上述爆缸的问题，亦可以将上述位移传感器替换为机械式的行程开关，当电动液压泵处于失控状态持续供压工作时，随着高压储油桶压力逐渐增高，到达报警行程时，压盖将抵触行程开关从而触发形成开关强制断开电动液压泵的供电，从而起到保护作用。
为了兼容现有不同种类的车辆刹车改装，优选地，所述刹车总泵包括总泵壳体，所述总泵壳体内具有用于滑动密封安装总泵阀芯的第一腔室，所述总泵壳体的一端一体设置有内径小于所述第一腔室的回油口，总泵壳体另一端内壁上卡接有限位机构，所述限位机构与回油口将所述总泵阀芯限制在所述第一腔室内轴向滑动；所述总泵壳体外壁上至少设置有一对总泵进油口和总泵出油口，所述总泵阀芯上设置有用于通过位置改变分别连通所述总泵进油口与回油口或者连通总泵出油口与回油口的T型油道，所述T型油道通过与总泵阀芯一体成型的伸缩油管与所述回油口滑动密闭连通，所述伸缩油管外圆周侧壁上套设有用于推动总泵阀芯复位的复位弹簧；所述总泵壳体上安装有支架，所述支架上铰接有用于控制所述总泵阀芯伸缩的拉臂。所述拉臂是唯一控制总泵阀芯的部件，其可以通过拉线连接方式、连杆铰接方式等与现有车辆刹车踏板建立驱动关系，从而达到通过踩踏车辆原本刹车踏板实现对总泵阀芯的控制。所述伸缩油管上设置有限制所述总泵阀芯向下运动的限位台阶。当驾驶员踩踏刹车踏板通过拉臂控制总泵阀芯向下运动时的最大行程为限位台阶与总泵壳体抵靠接触的状态，此时，所述T型油道分别连通总泵进油口、T型油道和回油口，来自高压储油桶内的高压液压油快速进入刹车分泵执行刹车动作，从而实现快速制动。
为了确保总泵阀芯的移动位置与制动之间的线性关系，优选地，所述总泵阀芯的圆周侧壁上靠近T型油道处还设置有环形集油槽。由于T型油道的进油孔为两个，若总泵阀芯产生的轴向转动，在环形集油槽的作用下，无论总泵阀芯偏转了多少度，均不会影响到T型油道与所述总泵进油口或总泵出油口之间的密闭连通，从而提高了总泵阀芯工作的可靠性。
为了方便拆装，同时兼顾滑动密封的技术效果，优选地，所述限位机构包括可拆卸 固定卡接在所述总泵壳体内壁上的第一卡簧和第二卡簧，以及设置在所述第一卡簧和第二卡簧之间的第一油封。所述第一卡簧和第二卡簧通过嵌入在总泵壳体的内壁上实现轴向固定，并将第一油封始终限制在固定位置，利用第一油封分别与总泵阀芯和总泵壳体之间的滑动接触实现密封。
为了实现独立控制每一个车轮的制动，优选地，所述控制分泵包括分泵壳体，所述分泵壳体底部设置的分泵进油口以及滑动密封设置在分泵壳体内的分泵活塞，所述分泵壳体上端设置有分泵出油口，所述分泵出油口上可拆卸密闭连接有用于控制油路通断的电磁阀和用于检测分泵出油口油压的第三油压传感器；所述分泵活塞靠近所述电磁阀一侧设置有用于避让电磁阀芯的避让盲孔。当控制分泵处于正常工作时，所述电磁阀始终处于导通状态，当位于分泵出油口的第三油压传感器检测到的油压存在明显失压代表对应的刹车存在明显刹车失灵故障时，为了避免液压油的泄漏，驾驶员手动给予指令通过控制单元关闭对应的电磁阀，从而实现针对某一独立控制分泵进行关闭，不会因局部的液压油泄漏导致整个刹车系统的液压失压的问题，不会影响到其他车轮的制动刹车。这一改进相较于现有技术而言，在液压油泄漏的情况下，仍然可以保持除故障车轮外的其他所有车轮的全部制动能力，大大提高了刹车的可靠性和抗故障能力，降低了因刹车油泄漏导致的刹车失灵交通事故。
为了实现不受发动机熄火影响，始终能够在紧急情况下提供刹车制动力，优选地，所述高压储油桶包括油桶壳体，所述油桶壳体一端可拆卸密闭设置有端盖，另一端同轴安装有液压缸，所述液压缸内密闭滑动设置有供压活塞，所述供压活塞通过连杆与轴向往复滑动设置在所述油桶壳体内的压盖，所述压盖与所述端盖之间设置有高压弹簧，所述液压缸靠近端盖一端设置有限位密封机构，所述液压缸另一端分别与第一单向阀的出口端和第二单向阀的进口端连通。在未踩踏刹车踏板时，高压储油桶处于蓄压状态，电动液压泵不断将液压油箱内的液压油泵入液压缸内，液压油克服高压弹簧的弹力通过供压活塞依次推动连杆、压盖压缩高压弹簧，同时随着供压活塞向高压弹簧一侧滑动，进入到液压缸内的液压油越来越多，当随着液压缸内的液压油压强达到预设值后，电动液压泵停止供油，在高压弹簧的作用下，液压油的压力值始终保持预设值状态，储压过程完成。当踩踏制动踏板后刹车总泵打开，液压缸内的高压液压油在高压弹簧的作用下瞬间实现供油，实现刹车动作。
为了加强供压活塞的可靠性，优选地，所述供压活塞靠近两端头侧壁上均设置有第二油封，以及设置在两个第二油封之间的胶套B，所述限位密封机构包括卡接在液压缸内壁上的第三卡簧，以及套设在所述连杆上分别与连杆和液压缸之间接触密封的胶套A。
有益效果：
1.本发明采用智能分控液压刹车，通过配备两套独立的电动液压泵形成互补作用，能够在任一一台电动液压泵出现故障时丝毫不会影响到刹车系统的正常工作，驾驶员发现故障后有充足的时间进行维修，不会有抛锚或者导致交通事故的隐患。
2.本发明各油路节点均安装有传感器，使得驾驶员能够直观的掌握整个刹车系统的工作状态，同时通过在管路中特定位置安装多个单向阀，避免管路泄漏导致的失压问题。
3.本发明在每一个控制分泵上还设置有电磁阀，能够随时独立关闭任何一个刹车分泵的供油，从而有效的解决因淋水器故障导致刹车鼓高温无法降温所带来的爆胎问题。
4.本发明的电动液压泵不依赖于发动机是否处于工作状态而受影响，及时发动机 异常熄火，也不会导致刹车因缺乏助力而失去刹车能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请系统结构示意图。
图2是刹车总泵结构轴测图。
图3是图2的主视图。
图4是图3中沿剖切符号A-A的剖视图(处于制动状态)。
图5是图4处于非制动状态。
图6是图4中B区结构放大图。
图7是刹车总泵的俯视图。
图8是图7中沿剖切符号C-C的剖视图。
图9是控制分泵结构轴测图。
图10是控制分泵俯视图。
图11是图10中沿剖切符号D-D的剖视图。
图12是高压储油桶处于储油状态的轴向全剖视图。
图13是高压储油桶处于供油状态的轴向全剖视图。
图14是图13中E区结构放大图。
图15是刹车总泵和控制分泵的安装机构轴测图。
图16是高压储油桶的结构轴测图。
图17是图16反向视觉结构轴测图。
图中：1-控制单元；2-液压油箱；3-电动液压泵；4-第一单向阀；5-高压储油桶；6-第二单向阀；7-刹车总泵；8-控制分泵；9-刹车分泵；
11-油量传感器；12-第一油压传感器；13-第二油压传感器；14-位移传感器；15-第四油压传感器；16-温度传感器。
51-油桶壳体；52-端盖；521-拆卸盲孔；53-高压弹簧；54-压盖；55-连杆；56-供压活塞；561-第二油封；562-胶套B；57-液压缸；58-胶套A；59-第三卡簧。
71-总泵壳体；711-总泵进油口；712-总泵出油口；713-第一腔室；714-回油口；715-均压孔；72-支架；73-拉臂；74-总泵阀芯；741-T型油道；742-伸缩油管；743-限位台阶；75-复位弹簧；76-第一卡簧；77-第二卡簧；78-第一油封。
81-分泵壳体；82-分泵出油口；83-第三油压传感器；84-电磁阀；85-分泵活塞；86-分泵进油口；87-避让盲孔。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是 本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，本申请的描述中若出现术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，本申请的描述中若出现术语“水平”、“竖直”等术语并不表示要求部件绝对水平或悬垂，而是可以稍微倾斜。如“水平”仅仅是指其方向相对“竖直”而言更加水平，并不是表示该结构一定要完全水平，而是可以稍微倾斜。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，若出现术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
实施例1：
本发明提供的智能分控液压刹车系统，如图1所示，包括控制单元1、多个独立的液压执行单元和传感单元组成，所述液压执行单元包括液压油箱2，以及通过液压油管依次密闭连通的电动液压泵3、第一单向阀4、高压储油桶5、第二单向阀6、刹车总泵7，所述刹车总泵7连接至少一个控制分泵8，任一控制分泵8均连接有用于制动的刹车分泵9；
所述传感单元包括安装在所述液压油箱2内的油量传感器11，用于检测电动液压泵3出口油压的第一油压传感器12、用于检测高压储油桶5供油压力的第二油压传感器13，用于检测控制分泵8出口油压的第三油压传感器83或用于检测刹车分泵9油压的第四油压传感器15；所述传感单元还包括用于检测电动液压泵3出口油压的第一油压传感器12和用于检测刹车分泵9工作温度的温度传感器16。
所述控制单元1与所述传感单元和液压执行单元电连接。
工作原理：
控制单元1采用现有的集成芯片即可，其工作逻辑如下：实时采集传感单元每一个传感器的信号信息，并根据实际采集的信息值与控制单元1预设的阈值相比发出对应的指令，控制单元1的控制逻辑与现有的闭环控制一致。
如图1所示，本实施例中同一个刹车总泵7连接四个控制分泵8，任一控制分泵8均密闭连通有刹车分泵9；在非刹车状态时，刹车踏板处于自然状态，此时控制单元1通过向电 动液压泵3发出控制指令，电动液压泵3将液压油箱2内的液压油泵入高压储油桶5内并送入刹车总泵7。当驾驶员踩踏刹车踏板后，使得刹车总泵7开启，高压储油桶5内的高压液压油进入到控制分泵8内，最终驱动每一个刹车分泵9对车轮进行刹车。本实施例采用的液压执行单元为两个，控制四个车轮，适用于普通四轮制动的车辆。若需要应用于多轮车辆时，则需要按照制动车轮数量对应增设刹车分泵9即可。如图1所示，本实施例中两个液压执行单元的电动液压泵3采用并联设置，任何一个电动液压泵3的故障均不会影响到刹车系统的正常运行，另一个正常运行的电动液压泵仍然可以向刹车总泵7提供高压液压油，以维持刹车系统的正常运转。所述第一单向阀4是避免当电动液压泵3故障或者出现泄漏时，避免高压储油桶5内的液压油失压；所述第二单向阀6的作用是避免进入刹车总泵7进油口之前的管路泄漏造成刹车总泵7中的液压油失压。
针对传感单元，根据不同车型需要的刹车压力不同通过人为自定义设置，控制单元1采集到第二油压传感器13的油压值低于预设值时，则向电动液压泵3发出工作指令，直到实际压力值达到预设值。刹车分泵9上安装的温度传感器16用于对刹车工作温度进行高温预警，避免刹车高温导致轮毂高温，从而出现爆胎甚至是自然等严重事故。若某一温度传感器16采集的实际温度高于控制单元1的预设温度值，那么驾驶员可以将对应的刹车分泵9关闭，或者检查淋水器，从而有效的杜绝高温导致刹车失灵的交通事故发生，极大的提升了行车安全保障。值得说明的是，本实施例附图1只是用于对本实施例进行示意，表示连接之间的关系，并不代表相互连接的两个构件之间必须采用液压油管连接，在实际安装条件允许的前提下，亦可进行直接连接，本领域技术人员在明晰本发明构思的前提下，应当尽可能的减少甚至省略不必要的液压管路，从而尽可能的降低泄漏的风险。
实施例2：
本实施例实在实施例1的基础上进一步结合说明书附图1所示，为了避免第二油压传感器13故障引起的电动液压泵3达到预设压力后继续供压，使得高压储油桶5爆缸的问题，本实施例特别做如下改进，所述传感单元还包括安装在高压储油桶5底部中心位置的位移传感器14。所述位移传感器14的作用是一个保险的作用，用于实时监测高压储油桶5内部的行程，当控制单元1因不明原因无法在预设压力值停止电动液压泵3的供压工作时，随着高压储油桶5压力逐渐增高，到达位移传感器14所能监测的报警行程时，位移传感器14将向控制单元1发出信号，从而通过控制单元1立即停止供电给电动液压泵3的工作，避免爆缸事故发生。值得说明的是，为了避免所述控制单元1本身发生故障而导致系统失控，避免上述爆缸的问题，亦可以将上述位移传感器替换为机械式的行程开关，当电动液压泵处于失控状态持续供压工作时，随着高压储油桶压力逐渐增高，到达报警行程时，压盖将抵触行程开关从而触发形成开关强制断开电动液压泵的供电，从而起到保护作用。
实施例3：
本实施例是在上述任一实施例的基础上为了兼容现有不同种类的车辆刹车改装，本实施例针对刹车总泵7进行优化改进，具体结合说明书附图2-图8所示，所述刹车总泵7包括总泵壳体71，所述总泵壳体71内具有用于滑动密封安装总泵阀芯74的第一腔室713，所述总泵壳体71的一端一体设置有内径小于所述第一腔室713的回油口714，总泵壳体71另一端内壁上卡接有限位机构，所述限位机构与回油口714将所述总泵阀芯74限制在所述第一腔室713内轴向滑动；所述总泵壳体71外壁上至少设置有一对总泵进油口711和总泵出油口 712，所述总泵阀芯74上设置有用于通过位置改变分别连通所述总泵进油口711与回油口714或者连通总泵出油口712与回油口714的T型油道741，所述T型油道741通过与总泵阀芯74一体成型的伸缩油管742与所述回油口714滑动密闭连通，所述伸缩油管742外圆周侧壁上套设有用于推动总泵阀芯74复位的复位弹簧75；所述总泵壳体71上安装有支架72，所述支架72上铰接有用于控制所述总泵阀芯74伸缩的拉臂73。所述总泵壳体71侧壁靠近复位弹簧75处开设有均压孔715。当总泵阀芯74上下运动时，通过均压孔715排除或者吸入空气达到平衡气压的作用，避免总泵阀芯74下部空气无法排除而增加驾驶员踩踏阻力。所述拉臂73是唯一控制总泵阀芯74的部件，其可以通过拉线连接方式、连杆铰接方式等与现有车辆刹车踏板建立驱动关系，从而达到通过踩踏车辆原本刹车踏板实现对总泵阀芯74的控制。当然，亦可采用电传控制的方式实现，即通过有线或者无线的方式将车辆刹车踏板的踩踏形成量转换为驱动总泵阀芯74的移动形成量，从而建立线性的刹车关系。所述伸缩油管742上设置有限制所述总泵阀芯74向下运动的限位台阶743。当驾驶员踩踏刹车踏板通过拉臂控制总泵阀芯74向下运动时的最大行程为限位台阶743与总泵壳体71抵靠接触的状态，此时，所述T型油道741分别连通总泵进油口711、T型油道741和回油口714，来自高压储油桶5内的高压液压油推动刹车分泵9执行刹车动作，从而实现快速制动。
为了确保总泵阀芯74的移动位置与制动之间的线性关系，优选地，所述总泵阀芯74的圆周侧壁上靠近T型油道741处还设置有环形集油槽。由于T型油道741的进油孔为两个，若总泵阀芯74产生的轴向转动，在环形集油槽的作用下，无论总泵阀芯74偏转了多少度，均不会影响到T型油道741与所述总泵进油口711或总泵出油口712之间的密闭连通，从而提高了总泵阀芯74工作的可靠性。
为了方便拆装，同时兼顾滑动密封的技术效果，优选地，所述限位机构包括可拆卸固定卡接在所述总泵壳体71内壁上的第一卡簧76和第二卡簧77，以及设置在所述第一卡簧76和第二卡簧77之间的第一油封78。所述第一卡簧76和第二卡簧77通过嵌入在总泵壳体71的内壁上实现轴向固定，并将第一油封78始终限制在固定位置，利用第一油封78分别与总泵阀芯74和总泵壳体71之间的滑动接触实现密封。
实施例4：
本实施例是在实施例3的基础上，进一步结合说明书附图9-图11所示，为了实现独立控制每一个车轮的制动，本实施例中，所述控制分泵8包括分泵壳体81，所述分泵壳体81底部设置的分泵进油口86以及滑动密封设置在分泵壳体81内的分泵活塞85，所述分泵壳体81上端设置有分泵出油口82，所述分泵出油口82上可拆卸密闭连通有用于控制油路通断的电磁阀84和用于检测分泵出油口82油压的第三油压传感器83；所述分泵活塞85靠近所述电磁阀84一侧设置有用于避让电磁阀芯的避让盲孔87，以避免电磁阀84的阀芯与分泵活塞85发生干涉。当控制分泵8处于正常工作时，所述电磁阀84始终处于导通状态，当位于分泵出油口82的第三油压传感器83检测到的油压存在明显失压代表对应的刹车存在明显刹车失灵故障时，为了避免液压油的泄漏，驾驶员手动给予指令通过控制单元1关闭对应的电磁阀84，从而实现针对某一独立控制分泵8进行关闭，不会因局部的液压油泄漏导致整个刹车系统的液压失压的问题，不会影响到其他车轮的制动刹车。这一改进相较于现有技术而言，在液压油泄漏的情况下，仍然可以保持除故障车轮外的其他所有车轮的全部制动能力，大大提高了刹车的可靠性和抗故障能力，降低了因刹车油泄漏导致的刹车失灵交通事故。
实施例5：
为了实现发动机熄火影响，始终能够在紧急情况下提供刹车制动力，本实施例在上述任一实施例的基础上对高压储油桶5进行优化，结合说明书附图12-图14所示，所述高压储油桶5包括油桶壳体51，所述油桶壳体51一端可拆卸密闭设置有端盖52，另一端同轴安装有液压缸57，所述液压缸57内密闭滑动设置有供压活塞56，所述供压活塞56通过连杆55与轴向往复滑动设置在所述油桶壳体51内的压盖54，所述压盖54与所述端盖52之间设置有高压弹簧53，所述液压缸57靠近端盖52一端设置有限位密封机构，所述液压缸57另一端分别与第一单向阀4的出口端和第二单向阀的进口端连通。在未踩踏刹车踏板时，高压储油桶5处于蓄压状态，电动液压泵3不断将液压油箱2内的液压油泵入液压缸57内，液压油克服高压弹簧53的弹力通过供压活塞56依次推动连杆55、压盖54压缩高压弹簧53，同时随着供压活塞56向高压弹簧53一侧滑动，进入到液压缸57内的液压油越来越多，当随着液压缸57内的液压油压强达到预设值后，电动液压泵3停止供油，在高压弹簧53的作用下，液压油的压力值始终保持预设值状态，储压过程完成。当踩踏制动踏板后刹车总泵7打开，液压缸57内的高压液压油在高压弹簧53的作用下瞬间实现供油，实现刹车动作。值得说明的是，为了进一步节省空间，减小设备的空间占用，同时为了有效防止供压活塞56在进行供油往复运动中发生倾斜，所述压盖54内壁滑动套设在所述液压缸57外壁上。
为了加强供压活塞56的可靠性，优选地，所述供压活塞56靠近两端头侧壁上均设置有第二油封561，以及设置在两个第二油封561之间的胶套B562，所述限位密封机构包括卡接在液压缸57内壁上的第三卡簧59，以及套设在所述连杆55上分别与连杆55和液压缸57之间接触密封的胶套A58。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 智能分控液压刹车系统，包括控制单元(1)、多个独立的液压执行单元和传感单元组成，其特征在于：
    所述液压执行单元包括液压油箱(2)，以及通过液压油管依次密闭连通的电动液压泵(3)、第一单向阀(4)、高压储油桶(5)、第二单向阀(6)、刹车总泵(7)，所述刹车总泵(7)连接至少一个控制分泵(8)，任一控制分泵(8)均连接有用于制动的刹车分泵(9)；
    所述传感单元包括安装在所述液压油箱(2)内的油量传感器(11)，用于检测高压储油桶(5)供油压力的第二油压传感器(13)，用于检测控制分泵(8)出口油压的第三油压传感器(83)或用于检测刹车分泵(9)油压的第四油压传感器(15)；
    所述控制单元(1)与所述传感单元和液压执行单元电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述传感单元还包括安装在高压储油桶(5)内位于底部中心位置的位移传感器(14)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述刹车总泵(7)包括总泵壳体(71)，所述总泵壳体(71)内具有用于滑动密封安装总泵阀芯(74)的第一腔室(713)，所述总泵壳体(71)的一端一体设置有内径小于所述第一腔室(713)的回油口(714)，总泵壳体(71)另一端内壁上卡接有限位机构，所述限位机构与回油口(714)将所述总泵阀芯(74)限制在所述第一腔室(713)内轴向滑动；所述总泵壳体(71)外壁上至少设置有一对总泵进油口(711)和总泵出油口(712)，所述总泵阀芯(74)上设置有用于通过位置改变分别连通所述总泵进油口(711)与回油口(714)或者连通总泵出油口(712)与回油口(714)的T型油道(741)，所述T型油道(741)通过与总泵阀芯(74)一体成型的伸缩油管(742)与所述回油口(714)滑动密闭连通，所述伸缩油管(742)外圆周侧壁上套设有用于推动总泵阀芯(74)复位的复位弹簧(75)；所述总泵壳体(71)上安装有支架(72)，所述支架(72)上铰接有用于控制所述总泵阀芯(74)伸缩的拉臂(73)；所述伸缩油管(742)上设置有限制所述总泵阀芯(74)向下运动的限位台阶(743)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述总泵阀芯(74)的圆周侧壁上靠近T型油道(741)处还设置有环形集油槽。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述限位机构包括可拆卸固定卡接在所述总泵壳体(71)内壁上的第一卡簧(76)和第二卡簧(77)，以及设置在所述第一卡簧(76)和第二卡簧(77)之间的第一油封(78)。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述控制分泵(8)包括分泵壳体(81)，所述分泵壳体(81)底部设置的分泵进油口(86)以及滑动密封设置在分泵壳体(81)内的分泵活塞(85)，所述分泵壳体(81)上端设置有分泵出油口(82)，所述分泵出油口(82)上可拆卸密闭连接有用于控制油路通断的电磁阀(84)和用于检测分泵出油口(82)油压的第三油压传感器(83)；所述分泵活塞(85)靠近所述电磁阀(84)一侧设置有用于避让电磁阀芯的避让盲孔(87)。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述高压储油桶(5)包括油桶壳体(51)，所述油桶壳体(51)一端可拆卸密闭设置有端盖(52)，另一端同轴安装有液压缸(57)，所述液压缸(57)内密闭滑动设置有供压活塞(56)，所述供压活塞(56)通过连杆(55)与轴向往复滑动设置在所述油桶壳体(51)内的压盖(54)，所述压盖(54)与所述端盖(52)之间设置有高压弹簧(53)，所述液压缸(57)靠近端盖(52)一端设置有限位密封机 构，所述液压缸(57)另一端分别与第一单向阀(4)的出口端和第二单向阀的进口端连通。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述供压活塞(56)靠近两端头侧壁上均设置有第二油封(561)，以及设置在两个第二油封(561)之间的胶套B(562)，所述限位密封机构包括卡接在液压缸(57)内壁上的第三卡簧(59)，以及套设在所述连杆(55)上分别与连杆(55)和液压缸(57)之间接触密封的胶套A(58)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述传感单元还包括用于检测刹车分泵(9)工作温度的温度传感器(16)。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的智能分控液压刹车系统，其特征在于：所述总泵壳体(71)侧壁靠近复位弹簧(75)处开设有均压孔(715)。
PCT/CN2022/120377 2021-12-28 2022-09-22 智能分控液压刹车系统 WO2023124289A1 (zh)

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