WO2023123221A1 - 一种线激光3d轮廓扫描重建系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种线激光3d轮廓扫描重建系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2023123221A1
WO2023123221A1 PCT/CN2021/143134 CN2021143134W WO2023123221A1 WO 2023123221 A1 WO2023123221 A1 WO 2023123221A1 CN 2021143134 W CN2021143134 W CN 2021143134W WO 2023123221 A1 WO2023123221 A1 WO 2023123221A1
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line laser
profiler
profile
servo motor
host computer
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PCT/CN2021/143134
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘伟
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台州南科智能传感科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023123221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023123221A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/054—Input/output

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional profile measurement, and relates to a line laser 3D profile scanning reconstruction system and a control method thereof.
  • a line laser profiler is a non-contact sensor that uses triangulation technology for measurement.
  • the non-contact measurement method is a method of realizing measurement without contact with the measured object. Compared with the traditional contact measurement method, non-contact measurement has the advantages of high efficiency, high degree of automation, low cost, and will not wear the measured object.
  • the main non-contact measurement methods include ToF method, structured light technology, binocular vision technology, etc. Structured light measurement methods can be divided into point laser sensors, line laser sensors, and area array laser sensors due to the different lasers emitted.
  • line structured light sensing technology has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy and small distortion, and is widely used in mold quality inspection, reverse engineering and other fields. Since the line laser sensor can only obtain the limited length information of the laser line measurement point, in order to realize the overall measurement, other high-precision displacement platforms must be used to form a measurement system to complete the overall measurement of the object.
  • the present invention provides a line laser 3D contour scanning reconstruction system.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a line laser 3D contour scanning reconstruction system with high degree of automation and high precision .
  • a line laser 3D profile scanning and reconstruction system comprising a mounting frame and a line laser profiler, characterized in that the mounting frame is provided with a slide assembly, and the slide assembly includes a slide rail, a lead screw, and a slider.
  • the length direction of the slide rail is set in the same direction as the length direction of the lead screw
  • the slide block is slidably installed on the slide rail and the slide block is screwed to the lead screw
  • the mounting frame is also provided with A servo motor that drives the screw to rotate; the line laser profiler is connected to the slider.
  • the line laser 3D contour scanning reconstruction system also includes a servo motor driver, a profiler driver, a PLC controller, and a PC host computer, and the servo motor driver and the profiler driver are connected to the The PLC controller and PC upper electromechanical connection.
  • the installation frame includes two columns arranged in parallel at intervals, the columns are arranged vertically, and the lower end of each column is fixedly connected with a longitudinal support beam, two A horizontal crossbeam is fixed between the upper ends of the columns, the slide rail is arranged on the side of the crossbeam along the length direction of the crossbeam, a mounting bracket is fixed on the slider, and the line laser profile The instrument is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket.
  • the length direction of the beam is defined as the transverse direction
  • the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the beam in the horizontal plane is defined as the longitudinal direction.
  • the servo motor mainly relies on pulses for positioning.
  • the servo motor When the servo motor receives a pulse, it will rotate an angle corresponding to the pulse to achieve displacement.
  • the encoder in the servo motor has the function of sending out pulses, and every time the servo motor rotates an angle, it will send out a corresponding number of pulses. Comparing the pulse sent by the servo motor with the pulse received can get the difference, and the control system can use this difference to get feedback to form a closed-loop system, and then know how many pulses are sent to the servo motor, and how much is received at the same time
  • the pulse returns, so that the rotation of the servo motor can be precisely controlled to achieve precise positioning, and its repeat positioning accuracy can reach 0.001mm.
  • the above-mentioned line laser profiler can emit a band-shaped laser beam, and the laser beam is diffusely reflected on the target surface, and the reflected light falls on the CMOS. In this way, the position of each point on the target surface is detected by CMOS detection of changes in position and shape after reflection.
  • the control logic for the displacement of the linear laser profiler driven by the sliding table component is as follows: first, the running software of the PC host computer communicates with the PLC controller through the Ethernet interface, and sends the start command and parameters such as moving speed, moving distance, and moving mode. After the PLC controller receives the command and gets the parameters, it converts the pulse of the specified frequency to drive the servo motor, and the servo motor drives the slider to make the installation bracket drive the line laser profiler to move, so that the line laser profiler and the measured object produce relative displacement, so as to realize Batch scanning of object outlines.
  • a servo motor and a high-precision screw are used to drive the displacement of the line laser profiler relative to the object to be measured, and a measurement system is formed to realize high-precision 3D profile measurement.
  • the whole system is stable and reliable, and the action is precise.
  • the PC host computer is provided with profilometer detection system software for controlling and post-processing the line laser profilometer and slide table assembly, and the profilometer detection system software is at least Including: contour batch capture program, contour reconstruction program and point cloud processing and display program; the profiler detection system software has at least the following functions: capture switch control of line laser profiler, batch profile capture of line laser profiler, PLC-based The servo control of the slider displacement of the controller, the cooperative control of the slider and the line laser profiler, the combined reconstruction of complex contours, and the display and storage of contour point clouds.
  • the present invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned line laser 3D profile scanning and reconstruction system, characterized in that the control method includes the following steps:
  • the PC upper computer sends commands to the PLC controller and the profiler driver
  • the profiler driver controls the line laser profiler to start capturing images
  • the PLC controller After receiving the command, the PLC controller sends pulse waves to the servo motor driver for control;
  • the servo motor driver controls the servo motor to drive the lead screw to rotate positively and negatively, thereby driving the slider to move back and forth;
  • the line laser profiler continuously captures the profile of the current position at a specified frequency and saves it to the buffer;
  • the line laser profiler captures the specified number of profiles
  • the profiler driver transmits the profile data to the PC host computer
  • the PC upper computer sends a termination motion signal to the PLC controller
  • the servo motor drives the slider to stop moving and returns to the mechanical origin
  • the PC upper computer combines the contour data according to the sampling frequency slider moving speed data
  • the PC host computer displays a depth map and a 3D point cloud map.
  • the PC host computer communicates with the profiler controller through the Ethernet interface, and after the PC host computer sends a capture start command, the profiler controller controls the line laser profiler to perform batch contouring Capture and store the captured data into the buffer of the profiler driver; after the online laser profiler captures a specified number of profiles, or after receiving a stop capture command from the PC host computer, the line laser profiler stops capturing profile data , and send all the contour data in the buffer area to the PC host computer.
  • the profile data obtained by the PC host computer from the line laser profiler is composed of all single-line profile data, and each single-line profile data only contains z-axis height information on the x-coordinate , by reconstructing the coordinates of the contour data to obtain the 3D contour of the object from multiple single-line contour data.
  • the contour data is saved as a 1ch 16bit image in the software, and the image information includes height, brightness and reserved information; set the "ColorSpace” parameter to "rgb”, and obtain 3 channel 16-bit image, or set the "ColorSpace” parameter to "gray” to directly save the single-channel height information;
  • the z coordinate is processed, and the depth information is converted into z coordinate and corrected:
  • the information is rendered as a 3D model to obtain a 3D outline map.
  • the present invention uses servo motors and high-precision screw rods to drive the displacement of the line laser profiler relative to the object to be measured, and forms a measurement system to achieve high-precision 3D profile measurement.
  • the entire system is stable and reliable, and the movement precise.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the laser 3D contour scanning and reconstruction system of the line.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the control method of the laser 3D contour scanning and reconstruction system of the line.
  • Figure 3 is a communication flow chart of the laser 3D contour scanning and reconstruction system of the line.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the laser 3D contour scanning and reconstruction system of the line.
  • the line laser 3D profile scanning and reconstruction system includes a mounting frame 1 and a line laser profiler 2.
  • the mounting frame 1 is provided with a slide assembly 3, and the slide assembly 3 includes a slide rail 31, a screw 32 and slide block 33, the length direction of slide rail 31 and the length direction of lead screw 32 are arranged in the same direction, slide block 33 is slidably installed on slide rail 31 and slide block 33 is screwed with lead screw 32, also on mounting frame 1
  • a servo motor 24 is provided to drive the screw 32 to rotate; the line laser profiler 2 is connected to the slider 33 .
  • the installation frame 1 includes two columns 11 arranged in parallel at intervals. The columns 11 are arranged vertically.
  • each column 11 is fixedly connected with a longitudinal support beam 12 .
  • Horizontal crossbeam 13 slide rail 31 is arranged on the side of crossbeam 13 along the length direction of crossbeam 13, is fixedly provided with mounting bracket on slide block 33, and line laser profiler 2 is fixedly connected on the mounting bracket.
  • the longitudinal direction of the crossbeam 13 is defined as the transverse direction
  • the direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the crossbeam 13 in the horizontal plane is defined as the longitudinal direction.
  • the line laser 3D profile scanning and reconstruction system also includes a servo motor driver, a profiler driver, a PLC controller, and a PC host computer, and the servo motor driver and profiler driver are electrically connected to the PLC controller and the PC host computer.
  • the servo motor 24 is mainly positioned by pulses. When the servo motor 24 receives a pulse, it will rotate an angle corresponding to a pulse, thereby realizing displacement.
  • the encoder in the servo motor 24 has the function of sending out pulses, and every time the servo motor 24 rotates an angle, it will send out a corresponding number of pulses.
  • Comparing the pulse sent by the servo motor 24 with the pulse received can get the difference, and the control system can use this difference to get feedback to form a closed-loop system, and then know how many pulses are sent to the servo motor 24, and at the same time receive How many pulses are returned, so that the rotation of the servo motor 24 can be precisely controlled to achieve precise positioning, and its repeat positioning accuracy can reach 0.001mm.
  • the above-mentioned line laser profiler 2 can emit a band-shaped laser beam, and the laser beam is diffusely reflected on the target surface, and the reflected light falls on the CMOS. In this way, the position of each point on the target surface is detected by CMOS detection of changes in position and shape after reflection.
  • the control logic for the displacement of the line laser profiler 2 driven by the sliding table assembly 3 is as follows: firstly, the running software of the PC host computer communicates with the PLC controller through the Ethernet interface, and sends the starting command and parameters such as moving speed, moving distance, and moving mode. After the PLC controller receives the command and obtains the parameters, it is converted into a pulse of a specified frequency to drive the servo motor 24, and the servo motor 24 drives the slider 33 to make the installation bracket drive the line laser profiler 2 to move, so that the line laser profiler 2 and the object to be measured are formed. Relative displacement, so as to realize batch scanning of object outline.
  • the servo motor 24 and the high-precision screw are used to drive the line laser profiler 2 to generate displacement relative to the object to be measured, and form a measurement system to realize high-precision 3D profile measurement.
  • the whole system is stable and reliable, and the action is precise.
  • the PC host computer is provided with a profiler detection system software for controlling and post-processing the line laser profiler 2 and the sliding table assembly 3.
  • the profiler detection system software at least includes: a batch capture program for contours, and contour reconstruction. program and point cloud processing and display program; the profiler detection system software has at least the following functions: capture switch control of the line laser profiler 2, batch capture of contours of the line laser profiler 2, servo control of the displacement of the slider 33 based on the PLC controller , the collaborative control of the slider 33 and the line laser profiler 2, the combined reconstruction of complex contours, and the display and preservation of contour point clouds.
  • this embodiment also provides a control method for the above-mentioned line laser 3D contour scanning and reconstruction system.
  • This control method includes the following steps:
  • the PC upper computer sends commands to the PLC controller and the profiler driver
  • the profiler driver controls the line laser profiler 2 to start capturing images
  • the PLC controller After receiving the command, the PLC controller sends pulse waves to the servo motor driver for control;
  • the servo motor driver controls the servo motor 24 to drive the lead screw 32 to rotate positively and negatively, thereby driving the slider 33 to reciprocate the position;
  • the mounting bracket drives the line laser profiler 2 to move continuously;
  • the line laser profiler 2 continuously captures the profile of the current position at a specified frequency and saves it to the buffer;
  • the line laser profiler 2 captures the specified number of profiles
  • the profiler driver transmits the profile data to the PC host computer
  • the PC upper computer sends a termination motion signal to the PLC controller
  • servo motor 24 drives slide block 33 to stop moving, returns to mechanical origin
  • PC host computer is combined contour data according to sampling frequency slide block 33 moving speed data
  • the PC host computer displays a depth map and a 3D point cloud map.
  • the PC host computer communicates with the profiler controller through the Ethernet interface, and the PC host computer
  • the profiler controller controls the line laser profiler 2 to perform batch profile capture, and stores the captured data to the buffer of the profiler drive
  • the line laser profiler 2 captures the specified number of profiles, Or after receiving the stop capturing command from the PC host computer, the line laser profiler 2 stops capturing the profile data, and sends all the profile data in the buffer area to the PC host computer;
  • the PC host computer obtains from the line laser profiler 2
  • the contour data is composed of all single-line contour data, and each single-line contour data only contains the z-axis height information on the x-coordinate.
  • the 3D contour of the object can be obtained from multiple single-line contour data;
  • the contour data is in the software It is saved as a 1ch 16bit image, and the image information includes height, brightness and reserved information; set the "ColorSpace” parameter to "rgb” to obtain a 3-channel 16-bit image, or set the "ColorSpace” parameter to "gray” to directly save a single channel height information;
  • the z coordinate is processed, and the depth information is converted into z coordinate and corrected:
  • the information is rendered as a 3D model to obtain a 3D outline map.
  • the present invention uses the servo motor 24 and high-precision screw to drive the line laser profiler 2 to generate displacement relative to the object to be measured, and forms a measurement system to realize high-precision 3D profile measurement.
  • the whole system is stable and reliable , precise movement.

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Abstract

一种线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统及其控制方法，属于三维轮廓测量技术领域。它解决了现有轮廓扫描重建系统不够精准可靠等技术问题。本线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统包括安装架（1）和线激光轮廓仪（2），安装架（1）上设有滑台组件（3），滑台组件（3）包括滑轨（31）、丝杠（32）和滑块（33），滑轨（31）的长度方向与丝杠（32）的长度方向同向设置，滑块（33）滑动安装在滑轨（31）上且滑块（33）与丝杠（32）相螺接，安装架（1）上还设有驱动丝杠（32）转动的伺服电机（24）；线激光轮廓仪（2）连接在滑块（33）上。使用伺服电机（24）和高精度丝杆（32）配合来驱动线激光轮廓仪（2）相对于被测物体产生位移，组成测量系统以实现高精度3D轮廓测量，整个系统稳定可靠，动作精准。

Description

一种线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于三维轮廓测量技术领域，涉及一种线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
线激光轮廓仪是一种利用三角测距技术进行测量的无接触式传感器。无接触测量法即不与被测物体进行接触而实现测量的方法。相比于传统的接触式测量方法，非接触式测量具有效率高、自动化程度高、造价低、不会磨损被测物体等优点。主要的非接触式测量方法有ToF法，结构光技术，双目视觉技术等。结构光测量方法由于其所发射的激光不同可分为点激光传感器、线激光传感器、面阵激光传感器。线结构光传感技术相比与ToF和双目视觉技术，具有测量精度高，畸变小的特点，被广泛应用于模具质量检测，逆向工程等领域。由于线激光传感器只能获得激光线测量处的有限长度信息，为了实现整体测量，必须借助其他高精度位移平台，从而组成测量系统，来完成物体的整体测量。
发明内容
本发明根据现有技术存在的上述问题，提供了一种线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统，本发明所要解决的技术问题是：如何提供一种自动化程度高、精度高的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统，包括安装架和线激光轮廓仪，其特征在于，所述安装架上设有滑台组件，所述滑台组件包括滑轨、丝杠和滑块，所述滑轨的长度方向与丝杠的长度方向同 向设置，所述滑块滑动安装在所述滑轨上且所述滑块与所述丝杠相螺接，所述安装架上还设有驱动所述丝杠转动的伺服电机；所述线激光轮廓仪连接在所述滑块上。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统中，所述线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统还包括伺服电机驱动器、轮廓仪驱动器、PLC控制器以及PC上位机，所述伺服电机驱动器和轮廓仪驱动器与所述PLC控制器以及PC上位机电连接。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统中，所述安装架包括两个平行间隔设置的立柱，所述立柱竖向设置，每个所述立柱的下端均固连有纵向的支撑梁，两个所述立柱的上端之间固设有横向的横梁，所述滑轨沿所述横梁的长度方向设置在所述横梁的侧面上，所述滑块上固设有安装支架，所述线激光轮廓仪固连在所述安装支架上。本技术方案中定义横梁的长度方向为横向，水平面内垂直于横梁长度方向的方向为纵向。
其原理如下：伺服电机主要靠脉冲来定位，伺服电机接收到一个脉冲，就会旋转一个脉冲对应的角度，从而实现位移。伺服电机中的编码器具备发出脉冲的功能，伺服电机每旋转一个角度，都会发出对应数量的脉冲。将伺服电机发出的脉冲和接受的脉冲进行比对就可以得到差值，控制系统利用此差值就能够得到反馈形成闭环系统，进而就会知道发了多少脉冲给伺服电机，同时又收了多少脉冲回来，这样，就能够很精确的控制伺服电机的转动，实现精确的定位，其重复定位精度可以达到0.001mm。
上述线激光轮廓仪可以发出谱带型的激光束，激光束在目标表面发生漫反射，反射后的光落在CMOS上。这样通过CMOS检测反射后的位置和形状中的变化来检测目标表面各个点的位置。
滑台组件带动线激光轮廓仪位移的控制逻辑为：首先PC上位机运行软件通过Ethernet接口与PLC控制器通信，发送开始的命令和移动速度、移动距离、移动模式等参数。PLC控制器接收命 令并得到参数之后转换成指定频率的脉冲带动伺服电机，伺服电机驱动滑块使安装支架带动线激光轮廓仪进行运动，使线激光轮廓仪与被测物体产生相对位移，从而实现对物体轮廓的批处理扫描。
本发明中使用伺服电机和高精度丝杆配合来驱动线激光轮廓仪相对于被测物体产生位移，组成测量系统以实现高精度3d轮廓测量，整个系统稳定可靠，动作精准。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统中，所述PC上位机内设置有用于对线激光轮廓仪和滑台组件进行控制与后处理的轮廓仪检测系统软件，所述轮廓仪检测系统软件至少包括：轮廓批量捕获程序、轮廓重构程序以及点云处理显示程序；所述轮廓仪检测系统软件至少具有以下功能：线激光轮廓仪的捕获开关控制、线激光轮廓仪的轮廓批量捕获、基于PLC控制器的滑块位移的伺服控制、滑块和线激光轮廓仪的协作控制、复数轮廓的组合重建以及轮廓点云的显示与保存。
本发明还提供一种上述线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，其特征在于，本控制方法包括以下步骤：
(1)、PC上位机发送命令给PLC控制器和轮廓仪驱动器；
(2)、轮廓仪驱动器控制线激光轮廓仪开始捕获图像；
(3)、PLC控制器接受命令后向伺服电机驱动器发送脉冲波进行控制；
(4)、伺服电机驱动器控制伺服电机带动丝杠正反转动，从而驱动滑块往复移动位置；
(5)、安装支架带动线激光轮廓仪不断移动；
(6)、线激光轮廓仪以指定频率不断捕获当前位置的轮廓并保存至缓冲区；
(7)、线激光轮廓仪捕获到指定数目的轮廓；
(8)、线激光轮廓仪停止捕获；
(9)、轮廓仪驱动器将轮廓数据传给PC上位机；
(10)、PC上位机向PLC控制器发送终止运动信号；
(11)、伺服电机带动滑块停止运动，回归机械原点；
(12)、PC上位机根据采样频率滑块移动速度数据对轮廓数据进行组合；
(13)、PC上位机显示深度图和3D点云图。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法中，在使用线激光轮廓仪之前，要对线激光轮廓仪进行初始化设计，对线激光轮廓仪的参数进行设置。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法中，PC上位机通过Ethernet接口与轮廓仪控制器通信，PC上位机发送捕获开始命令后，轮廓仪控制器控制线激光轮廓仪进行批量的轮廓捕获，并将捕获到的数据存储到轮廓仪驱动器的缓冲区；在线激光轮廓仪捕获到指定数目的轮廓之后，或者收到PC上位机的停止捕获命令之后，线激光轮廓仪就停止捕获轮廓数据，将缓存区内的所有轮廓数据都发送给PC上位机。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法中，PC上位机从线激光轮廓仪处获得的轮廓数据由所有单线轮廓数据组成，每个单线轮廓数据只包含x坐标上的z轴高度信息，通过对轮廓数据进行坐标的重建实现从多个单线轮廓数据得到物体的3d轮廓。
在上述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法中，轮廓数据在软件内被保存为1ch 16bit图像，图像信息包括高度，亮度和保留信息；将“ColorSpace”参数设置为“rgb”，获取3通道16位图像，或者将“ColorSpace”参数设置为“gray”直接保存单通道高度信息；
首先z坐标处理，将深度信息转化为z坐标并进行修正：
Z_real＝Z_pixel*＜Zpitch＞+＜Zoffset＞
然后y坐标处理，由采样频率将轮廓的时间戳转化为实际的y坐标：
Yreal＝y*speed/frequency
再进行单位转化，将得到的原始数据除以100转化为微米单位数据：
X＝X/100
Y＝Y/100
Z＝Z/100
最后将信息以3D模型的方式渲染得到3D轮廓图。
与现有技术相比，本发明中使用伺服电机和高精度丝杆配合来驱动线激光轮廓仪相对于被测物体产生位移，组成测量系统以实现高精度3d轮廓测量，整个系统稳定可靠，动作精准。
附图说明
图1是本线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的硬件结构示意图。
图2是本线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法流程图。
图3是本线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的通信流程图。
图4是本线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的框架结构示意图。
图中，1、安装架；11、立柱；12、支撑梁；13、横梁；2、线激光轮廓仪；3、滑台组件；31、滑轨；32、丝杠；33、滑块；4、伺服电机。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施方式并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明，但本发明并不用局限于这些实施例。
如图1和图4所示，本线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统包括安装架1和线激光轮廓仪2，安装架1上设有滑台组件3，滑台组件3包括滑轨31、丝杠32和滑块33，滑轨31的长度方向与丝杠32 的长度方向同向设置，滑块33滑动安装在滑轨31上且滑块33与丝杠32相螺接，安装架1上还设有驱动丝杠32转动的伺服电机24；线激光轮廓仪2连接在滑块33上。具体来说，安装架1包括两个平行间隔设置的立柱11，立柱11竖向设置，每个立柱11的下端均固连有纵向的支撑梁12，两个立柱11的上端之间固设有横向的横梁13，滑轨31沿横梁13的长度方向设置在横梁13的侧面上，滑块33上固设有安装支架，线激光轮廓仪2固连在安装支架上。本实施例中定义横梁13的长度方向为横向，水平面内垂直于横梁13长度方向的方向为纵向。进一步的，线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统还包括伺服电机驱动器、轮廓仪驱动器、PLC控制器以及PC上位机，伺服电机驱动器和轮廓仪驱动器与PLC控制器以及PC上位机电连接。
本实施例中伺服电机24主要靠脉冲来定位，伺服电机24接收到一个脉冲，就会旋转一个脉冲对应的角度，从而实现位移。伺服电机24中的编码器具备发出脉冲的功能，伺服电机24每旋转一个角度，都会发出对应数量的脉冲。将伺服电机24发出的脉冲和接受的脉冲进行比对就可以得到差值，控制系统利用此差值就能够得到反馈形成闭环系统，进而就会知道发了多少脉冲给伺服电机24，同时又收了多少脉冲回来，这样，就能够很精确的控制伺服电机24的转动，实现精确的定位，其重复定位精度可以达到0.001mm。上述线激光轮廓仪2可以发出谱带型的激光束，激光束在目标表面发生漫反射，反射后的光落在CMOS上。这样通过CMOS检测反射后的位置和形状中的变化来检测目标表面各个点的位置。滑台组件3带动线激光轮廓仪2位移的控制逻辑为：首先PC上位机运行软件通过Ethernet接口与PLC控制器通信，发送开始的命令和移动速度、移动距离、移动模式等参数。PLC控制器接收命令并得到参数之后转换成指定频率的脉冲带动伺服电机24，伺服电机24驱动滑块33使安装支架带动线激光轮廓仪2 进行运动，使线激光轮廓仪2与被测物体产生相对位移，从而实现对物体轮廓的批处理扫描。本发明中使用伺服电机24和高精度丝杆配合来驱动线激光轮廓仪2相对于被测物体产生位移，组成测量系统以实现高精度3d轮廓测量，整个系统稳定可靠，动作精准。
本实施例中PC上位机内设置有用于对线激光轮廓仪2和滑台组件3进行控制与后处理的轮廓仪检测系统软件，轮廓仪检测系统软件至少包括：轮廓批量捕获程序、轮廓重构程序以及点云处理显示程序；轮廓仪检测系统软件至少具有以下功能：线激光轮廓仪2的捕获开关控制、线激光轮廓仪2的轮廓批量捕获、基于PLC控制器的滑块33位移的伺服控制、滑块33和线激光轮廓仪2的协作控制、复数轮廓的组合重建以及轮廓点云的显示与保存。
结合图2和图3所示，本实施例还提供一种上述线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，本控制方法包括以下步骤：
(1)、PC上位机发送命令给PLC控制器和轮廓仪驱动器；
(2)、轮廓仪驱动器控制线激光轮廓仪2开始捕获图像；
(3)、PLC控制器接受命令后向伺服电机驱动器发送脉冲波进行控制；
(4)、伺服电机驱动器控制伺服电机24带动丝杠32正反转动，从而驱动滑块33往复移动位置；
(5)、安装支架带动线激光轮廓仪2不断移动；
(6)、线激光轮廓仪2以指定频率不断捕获当前位置的轮廓并保存至缓冲区；
(7)、线激光轮廓仪2捕获到指定数目的轮廓；
(8)、线激光轮廓仪2停止捕获；
(9)、轮廓仪驱动器将轮廓数据传给PC上位机；
(10)、PC上位机向PLC控制器发送终止运动信号；
(11)、伺服电机24带动滑块33停止运动，回归机械原点；
(12)、PC上位机根据采样频率滑块33移动速度数据对轮廓数据进行组合；
(13)、PC上位机显示深度图和3D点云图。
进一步的，在使用线激光轮廓仪2之前，要对线激光轮廓仪2进行初始化设计，对线激光轮廓仪2的参数进行设置；PC上位机通过Ethernet接口与轮廓仪控制器通信，PC上位机发送捕获开始命令后，轮廓仪控制器控制线激光轮廓仪2进行批量的轮廓捕获，并将捕获到的数据存储到轮廓仪驱动器的缓冲区；在线激光轮廓仪2捕获到指定数目的轮廓之后，或者收到PC上位机的停止捕获命令之后，线激光轮廓仪2就停止捕获轮廓数据，将缓存区内的所有轮廓数据都发送给PC上位机；PC上位机从线激光轮廓仪2处获得的轮廓数据由所有单线轮廓数据组成，每个单线轮廓数据只包含x坐标上的z轴高度信息，通过对轮廓数据进行坐标的重建实现从多个单线轮廓数据得到物体的3d轮廓；轮廓数据在软件内被保存为1ch 16bit图像，图像信息包括高度，亮度和保留信息；将“ColorSpace”参数设置为“rgb”，获取3通道16位图像，或者将“ColorSpace”参数设置为“gray”直接保存单通道高度信息；
首先z坐标处理，将深度信息转化为z坐标并进行修正：
Z_real＝Z_pixel*＜Zpitch＞+＜Zoffset＞
然后y坐标处理，由采样频率将轮廓的时间戳转化为实际的y坐标：
Yreal＝y*speed/frequency
再进行单位转化，将得到的原始数据除以100转化为微米单位数据：
X＝X/100
Y＝Y/100
Z＝Z/100
最后将信息以3D模型的方式渲染得到3D轮廓图。
与现有技术相比，本发明中使用伺服电机24和高精度丝杆配合来驱动线激光轮廓仪2相对于被测物体产生位移，组成测量系统以实现高精度3d轮廓测量，整个系统稳定可靠，动作精准。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统，包括安装架(1)和线激光轮廓仪(2)，其特征在于，所述安装架(1)上设有滑台组件(3)，所述滑台组件(3)包括滑轨(31)、丝杠(32)和滑块(33)，所述滑轨(31)的长度方向与丝杠(32)的长度方向同向设置，所述滑块(33)滑动安装在所述滑轨(31)上且所述滑块(33)与所述丝杠(32)相螺接，所述安装架(1)上还设有驱动所述丝杠(32)转动的伺服电机(24)；所述线激光轮廓仪(2)连接在所述滑块(33)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统，其特征在于，所述线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统还包括伺服电机驱动器、轮廓仪驱动器、PLC控制器以及PC上位机，所述伺服电机驱动器和轮廓仪驱动器与所述PLC控制器以及PC上位机电连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统，其特征在于，所述安装架(1)包括两个平行间隔设置的立柱(11)，所述立柱(11)竖向设置，每个所述立柱(11)的下端均固连有纵向的支撑梁(12)，两个所述立柱(11)的上端之间固设有横向的横梁(13)，所述滑轨(31)沿所述横梁(13)的长度方向设置在所述横梁(13)的侧面上，所述滑块(33)上固设有安装支架，所述线激光轮廓仪(2)固连在所述安装支架上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统，其特征在于，所述PC上位机内设置有用于对线激光轮廓仪(2)和滑台组件(3)进行控制与后处理的轮廓仪检测系统软件，所述轮廓仪检测系统软件至少包括：轮廓批量捕获程序、轮廓重构程序以及点云处理显示程序；所述轮廓仪检测系统软件至少具有以下功能：线激光轮廓仪(2)的捕获开关控制、线激光轮廓仪(2)的轮廓批量捕获、基于PLC控制器的滑块(33)位移的伺服控制、滑块(33)和线激光轮廓仪(2)的协作控制、复数轮廓的组合重建以及轮廓点云的显示与保存。
  5. 一种上述权利要求1-4中任意一项线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，其特征在于，本控制方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)、PC上位机发送命令给PLC控制器和轮廓仪驱动器；
    (2)、轮廓仪驱动器控制线激光轮廓仪(2)开始捕获图像；
    (3)、PLC控制器接受命令后向伺服电机驱动器发送脉冲波进行控制；
    (4)、伺服电机驱动器控制伺服电机(24)带动丝杠(32)正反转动，从而驱动滑块(33)往复移动位置；
    (5)、安装支架带动线激光轮廓仪(2)不断移动；
    (6)、线激光轮廓仪(2)以指定频率不断捕获当前位置的轮廓并保存至缓冲区；
    (7)、线激光轮廓仪(2)捕获到指定数目的轮廓；
    (8)、线激光轮廓仪(2)停止捕获；
    (9)、轮廓仪驱动器将轮廓数据传给PC上位机；
    (10)、PC上位机向PLC控制器发送终止运动信号；
    (11)、伺服电机(24)带动滑块(33)停止运动，回归机械原点；
    (12)、PC上位机根据采样频率滑块(33)移动速度数据对轮廓数据进行组合；
    (13)、PC上位机显示深度图和3D点云图。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，其特征在于，在使用线激光轮廓仪(2)之前，要对线激光轮廓仪(2)进行初始化设计，对线激光轮廓仪(2)的参数进行设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，其特征在于，PC上位机通过Ethernet接口与轮廓仪控制器通信，PC上位机发送捕获开始命令后，轮廓仪控制器控制线激光轮廓仪(2)进行批量的轮廓捕获，并将捕获到的数据存储到 轮廓仪驱动器的缓冲区；在线激光轮廓仪(2)捕获到指定数目的轮廓之后，或者收到PC上位机的停止捕获命令之后，线激光轮廓仪(2)就停止捕获轮廓数据，将缓存区内的所有轮廓数据都发送给PC上位机。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，其特征在于，PC上位机从线激光轮廓仪(2)处获得的轮廓数据由所有单线轮廓数据组成，每个单线轮廓数据只包含x坐标上的z轴高度信息，通过对轮廓数据进行坐标的重建实现从多个单线轮廓数据得到物体的3d轮廓。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的线激光3D轮廓扫描重建系统的控制方法，其特征在于，轮廓数据在软件内被保存为1ch 16bit图像，图像信息包括高度，亮度和保留信息；将“ColorSpace”参数设置为“rgb”，获取3通道16位图像，或者将“ColorSpace”参数设置为“gray”直接保存单通道高度信息；
    首先z坐标处理，将深度信息转化为z坐标并进行修正：
    Z_real＝Z_pixel*<Zpitch>+<Zoffset>
    然后y坐标处理，由采样频率将轮廓的时间戳转化为实际的y坐标：
    Yreal＝y*speed/frequency
    再进行单位转化，将得到的原始数据除以100转化为微米单位数据：
    X＝X/100
    Y＝Y/100
    Z＝Z/100
    最后将信息以3D模型的方式渲染得到3D轮廓图。
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