WO2023121142A1 - 안전성이 향상된 전지 팩 - Google Patents
안전성이 향상된 전지 팩 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023121142A1 WO2023121142A1 PCT/KR2022/020482 KR2022020482W WO2023121142A1 WO 2023121142 A1 WO2023121142 A1 WO 2023121142A1 KR 2022020482 W KR2022020482 W KR 2022020482W WO 2023121142 A1 WO2023121142 A1 WO 2023121142A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- fire extinguishing
- battery pack
- module assembly
- pack
- Prior art date
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery, and more particularly, to a battery pack configured to ensure safety even when a thermal event occurs.
- a lithium secondary battery mainly use lithium-based oxides and carbon materials as positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active materials, respectively.
- a lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate coated with such a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are disposed with a separator therebetween, and an exterior material that seals and houses the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte, that is, a battery case.
- lithium secondary batteries can be classified into a can-type secondary battery in which an electrode assembly is embedded in a metal can and a pouch-type secondary battery in which an electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch of an aluminum laminate sheet, depending on the shape of an exterior material.
- Such secondary batteries are widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also in medium and large devices such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESSs), and their use is rapidly increasing. Moreover, in recent years, as a use for storing electric power, a trend of using residential battery packs is increasing.
- Various battery packs including household battery packs, include a plurality of battery cells (secondary batteries) to increase capacity and/or output.
- battery cells secondary batteries
- a plurality of battery cells are often arranged in a dense state in a very narrow space.
- one of the typically important issues is safety.
- a thermal event occurs in one of a plurality of battery cells included in a battery pack
- propagation of the event to other battery cells needs to be suppressed. If the thermal propagation between the battery cells is not properly suppressed, this causes a thermal event in several battery cells included in the battery pack, which may cause a bigger problem such as ignition or explosion of the battery pack.
- a fire or explosion generated in a battery pack may cause great damage to nearby lives or property.
- ignition or explosion it may harm the safety of people living in the house, and it may spread to the house fire and cause more damage.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack having an improved structure so as to appropriately control a thermal event generated inside the battery pack.
- a battery pack according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object includes a cell module assembly having one or more battery cells; a pack case accommodating the cell module assembly in an inner space; and a fire extinguishing tank holding a fire extinguishing agent and disposed on top of the cell module assembly.
- the fire extinguishing tank may be configured to discharge the fire extinguishing agent toward the cell module assembly when heat is applied from the cell module assembly.
- the fire extinguishing tank may be configured such that at least a portion thereof is melted by heat applied from the cell module assembly.
- the fire extinguishing tank may be configured to be melted by a venting gas ejected from the battery cell or a temperature of the battery cell.
- the fire extinguishing tank may hold a fire extinguishing agent in a liquid state.
- the fire extinguishing tank may be configured such that the thickness of the base plate is different for each position.
- the fire extinguishing tank may be located at a central portion between cells in which weak portions having a relatively thin thickness are stacked in a horizontal direction.
- the pack case may be configured to be stacked in a vertical direction.
- An energy storage device for achieving the above object includes one or more battery packs according to the present invention.
- a battery pack includes: a cell module assembly including a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a pack case having an open upper surface and accommodating the cell module assembly therein; and a fire extinguishing tank located above the cell module assembly and covering the pack case, wherein the fire extinguishing tank includes: an inner space accommodating a fire extinguishing agent; and a plurality of weak parts, which are formed to be relatively thin in thickness of the base plate of the fire extinguishing tank, and are melted and opened by a thermal event of the battery cell.
- the weak parts may have a linear shape and be arranged parallel to one edge of the fire extinguishing tank, each of the weak parts may be arranged parallel to each other, and a longitudinal direction of the weak parts and a longitudinal direction of the battery cell may be orthogonal to each other.
- the weak parts are linear and are arranged parallel to one edge of the fire extinguishing tank, each of the weak parts is arranged parallel to each other, the longitudinal direction of the weak parts and the longitudinal direction of the battery cell are parallel to each other, and the weak parts are mutually parallel to each other. It may be placed between two adjacent battery cells.
- the fire extinguishing tank may be manufactured by plastic injection molding.
- the base plate of the fire extinguishing tank may have a step, and a portion where the plurality of weak parts are disposed may have the lowest height.
- the cell module assembly includes: a pair of bus bar housings disposed on front and rear surfaces of the stack of battery cells; and a pair of end plates disposed parallel to the battery cells at both ends of the stack of battery cells, and the pair of end plates may be connected between the pair of bus bar housings.
- the cell module assembly may include straps respectively connecting upper and lower sides of the pair of end plates of the battery cell stack to reinforce binding of the cell module assembly.
- the base plate may have a step, and a height of a portion where the plurality of weak parts are disposed may be lower than a height of a portion disposed on the strap.
- It may further include a plate-shaped blocking member disposed between adjacent battery cells, and the blocking member may include a support plate and a pair of swelling pads provided on both sides of the support plate.
- the fire extinguishing agent may be a liquid fire extinguishing agent.
- the pack case is made of a box shape with an open top surface
- It may be integrally molded or manufactured in such a way that at least one surface is joined to another adjacent surface.
- the plurality of battery packs may be provided, and the plurality of battery packs may be mechanically or electrically connected to each other.
- the plurality of battery packs may be stacked in a vertical direction.
- Electrical connections between the plurality of battery packs may be connected in series so that the voltage ranges of the plurality of battery packs are implemented in various ways.
- Electrical connections between the plurality of battery packs may be connected in parallel so that the storage capacities of the plurality of battery packs are implemented in various ways.
- An energy storage device for achieving the above object includes one or more of the above-described battery packs according to the present invention.
- a battery pack with improved safety may be provided.
- the thermal event can be quickly controlled.
- a battery pack having a simple structure and enhanced thermal stability can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration in which a fire extinguishing agent is discharged from the battery pack of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line A4-A4' in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a cell module assembly included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a blocking member included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the blocking member of FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 9 is a top view of the blocking member of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a pack case included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating a case in which the cell module assembly of FIG. 10 is accommodated in a pack case.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fire extinguishing tank included in the battery pack of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 14 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the fire extinguishing tank of FIG. 13;
- 15 is a top sectional view of the lower tank of the fire extinguishing tank viewed from above.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a battery pack in which all components of the battery pack described above with reference to FIGS. 5 to 15 are combined.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view schematically illustrating the battery pack of FIGS. 1 to 16 .
- FIG. 18 and 19 are views showing an embodiment in which different numbers of pack cases shown in FIG. 17 are stacked.
- a part such as a layer, film, region, plate, etc.
- a part when a part is said to be “directly on” another part, it means that there is no other part in between.
- a reference part means to be located above or below the reference part, and to necessarily be located “on” or “on” in the opposite direction of gravity does not mean no.
- planar image it means when the target part is viewed from above, and when it is referred to as “cross-sectional image”, it means when a cross section of the target part cut vertically is viewed from the side.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a battery pack according to the present invention includes a cell module assembly 100 , a pack case 300 and a fire extinguishing tank 400 .
- the cell module assembly 100 may include one or more battery cells 110 .
- each battery cell 110 may mean a secondary battery.
- a secondary battery may include an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and a battery case.
- the battery cell 110 included in the cell module assembly 100 may be a pouch type secondary battery.
- other types of secondary batteries such as cylindrical batteries or prismatic batteries, may also be employed in the cell module assembly 100 of the present invention.
- a plurality of secondary batteries may form the cell module assembly 100 in a stacked form. That is, the cell module assembly 100 may be formed in the form of a battery cell laminate.
- the plurality of battery cells 110 may be stacked in a form arranged in a horizontal direction (X-axis direction in the drawing) in a state where each is erected in a vertical direction (Z-axis direction in the drawing).
- Each battery cell 110 may include an electrode lead, and the electrode lead may be located at both ends or at one end of each battery cell 110 .
- a secondary battery with electrode leads protruding in both directions is referred to as a bidirectional cell, and a secondary battery with electrode leads protruding in one direction is referred to as a unidirectional cell.
- a bi-directional cell is shown.
- the present invention is not limited by the specific type or form of the secondary battery, and various types of secondary batteries known at the time of filing the present invention may be employed in the cell module assembly 100 of the present invention.
- the pack case 300 may have an empty space formed therein to accommodate the cell module assembly 100 in the inner space.
- the pack case 300 may be configured in a box shape as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the box-shaped pack case 300 may be integrally molded or may be manufactured in such a way as to combine at least one surface with an adjacent surface.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may hold a fire extinguishing agent.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may have an internal space and hold a fire extinguishing agent in the internal space.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may include a lower tank 410 and an upper cover 420 as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the lower tank 410 is configured in the form of a box with an open top, and may provide a space in which the fire extinguishing agent can be held.
- the upper cover 420 may be configured to cover the upper open portion of the lower tank 410 to seal the extinguishing agent holding space of the lower tank 410 .
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be accommodated inside the pack case 300.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be disposed on the upper side of the cell module assembly 100 in the inner space of the pack case 300 .
- the fire extinguishing agent is discharged from the fire extinguishing tank 400 located on the upper side of the cell module assembly 100, so that the thermal event of the cell module assembly 100 can be more easily controlled.
- the fire extinguishing agent discharged from the fire extinguishing tank 400 can easily move downward by gravity. Therefore, heat or fire suppression of the cell module assembly 100 by the fire extinguishing agent can be more easily achieved.
- the cell module assembly 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 110 arranged side by side in a horizontal direction, that is, in a left-right direction (X-axis direction), located at the top.
- the fire extinguishing agent When the fire extinguishing agent is discharged from the fire extinguishing tank 400, the fire extinguishing agent can be easily supplied to the entire battery cell 110. Accordingly, according to this configuration, thermal event suppression for the entire cell module assembly 100 can be achieved more effectively.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured to discharge the fire extinguishing agent toward the cell module assembly 100 when heat is applied from the cell module assembly 100 . This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration in which a fire extinguishing agent is discharged from the battery pack of FIG. 1 .
- a fire extinguishing tank 400 is located above the cell module assembly 100 .
- Thermal events such as overheating, ignition, or thermal runaway in a specific battery cell 110, as indicated by A1, among a plurality of battery modules stacked in the left and right directions (eg, in the direction of the X axis in the drawing).
- the heat generated in the battery cell 110 may be applied to the fire extinguishing tank 400 side, for example, a portion as indicated by A2 in FIG. 2 .
- the fire extinguishing agent can be discharged.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be melted by heat applied from the cell module assembly 100 .
- the portion indicated by A2 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be melted by heat. Then, through the molten portion, the fire extinguishing agent can be discharged as indicated by arrow A3.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be made of a material that can be melted by heat applied from the cell module assembly 100 .
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be entirely made of a plastic material.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured in the form of a plastic injection molding.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured to be melted by a venting gas ejected from the battery cell 110 or heat.
- a venting gas when a venting gas is ejected due to thermal runaway in the battery cell 110, the venting gas may be in a high temperature state of a predetermined temperature or higher.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be made of a material and/or form that can be melted by such a high-temperature venting gas.
- the battery cell 110 may be at a higher temperature than a normal state even if the venting gas is not ejected.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be formed of a material and/or shape that can be melted by heat applied from the battery cell 110 in an abnormally high temperature state.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured such that the base plate 411 is melted by high temperature of heat and/or gas generated during an event of the battery cell 110 .
- the fire extinguishing agent may be introduced into the molten bottom portion of the fire extinguishing tank 400 and discharged in a downward direction. Therefore, the fire extinguishing agent can be rapidly injected into the cell module assembly 100 side.
- the fire extinguishing agent is injected in such a way that the injection material melts, effectively suppressing the thermal event inside the battery pack, while minimizing the propagation of the thermal event between the battery cells 110.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may hold a fire extinguishing agent in a liquid state.
- the digestive agent may be referred to as a digestive fluid.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may hold water or other coolant as an extinguishing agent.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may hold antifreeze as a fire extinguishing agent.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may hold antifreeze that does not easily freeze even at low temperatures as a fire extinguishing agent.
- antifreeze may be provided as a fire extinguishing agent.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured such that the thickness of the base plate 411 is different for each position. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. However, in FIG. 3, for convenience of description, some components are shown transparently. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line A4-A4' in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. However, in FIG. 3, for convenience of description, some components are shown transparently. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line A4-A4' in FIG. 3 .
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may include a base plate 411 and a side wall 412 .
- the sidewall 412 may be configured to protrude upward from the corner of the base plate 411 .
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 has a lower portion and a side portion limited by the base plate 411 and the side wall 412, so that a space in which the fire extinguishing agent can be held may be formed.
- the upper part of the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be sealed by the pack case 300. That is, as shown in FIG.
- the pack case 300 includes a lower case 300a and an upper case 300b, and the upper part of the fire extinguishing tank 400 is covered by the upper case 300b so that the fire extinguishing agent can It may be held inside the fire extinguishing tank 400.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may include an upper cover 420 to seal the upper portion of the fire extinguishing agent holding space.
- the base plate 411 may be formed with different thicknesses for each part.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured to have a thin thickness in a specific portion, such as the portion indicated by 411a in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the base plate 411 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured in the form of a plastic injection molding having a thickness of 1 mm as a whole, but the portion indicated by 411a may have a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- a thin portion of the base plate 411 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 may function as a weak portion 411a. That is, when the temperature of the cell module assembly 100 rises, the weak portion 411a may be damaged first. In addition, when the weak portion 411a is damaged, the fire extinguishing agent held in the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be discharged toward the cell module assembly 100 through the weak portion 411a.
- the weak portion 411a may have, for example, a narrow width and a long shape. That is, as a linear shape, it may be a straight line arranged parallel to one edge of the fire extinguishing tank 400, and each of the weak parts 411a may be arranged parallel to each other.
- the fire extinguishing agent input configuration inside the battery pack can be implemented with a simple structure. Moreover, in this configuration, since the fire extinguishing agent can be discharged through the weak portion 411a having a thin thickness when an event occurs, the portion from which the fire extinguishing agent is discharged can be designated in advance.
- a plurality of weak parts 411a may be provided in one fire extinguishing tank 400 . Furthermore, the plurality of weak parts 411a may be disposed at a predetermined distance apart from each other in the stacking direction of the cell module assembly 100 on the base plate 411 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 .
- the plurality of battery cells 110 may be stacked in the left and right directions (X-axis direction), and the fire extinguishing tank 400 located on the top of the cell module assembly 100
- a plurality of weak parts may also be disposed in the left-right direction while being spaced apart from each other.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be configured such that the weak portion 411a having a relatively thin thickness is located at the center between cells stacked in a horizontal direction.
- the leftmost weak part 411a may be disposed between B1 and B2 in the left and right direction. That is, it can be said that the weak portion 411a is positioned above B1 and B2 in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), but positioned between B1 and B2 in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction).
- one weak part 411a for every two adjacent battery cells 110 may be configured to be located in a space between them in the horizontal direction.
- the weak portion 411a when a thermal event occurs in a specific battery cell 110 and heat is applied to the weak portion 411a located thereon, the weak portion 411a may be damaged.
- the fire extinguishing agent may be discharged through the damaged weak portion 411a, and the fire extinguishing agent may flow into the space between the adjacent battery cells 110 as indicated by arrows in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery pack includes a cell module assembly 100, a blocking member 200, a pack case 300, a fire extinguishing tank 400, an outer cover 500, and an electrical connection unit 600. do.
- the cell module assembly 100 is shown in a horizontal direction (eg, in the X-axis direction in the drawing) in a state in which the plurality of battery cells 110 are erected in the vertical direction (eg, in the Z-axis direction in the drawing). It can be stacked in an arrayed form along.
- the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 110 is, for example, the Y-axis direction in the drawing.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a cell module assembly 100 included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 6 shows the remaining components except for the plurality of battery cells 110.
- the plurality of battery cells 110 may be conventional pouch-type battery cells or prismatic battery cells.
- a pair of bus bar housings 130 are disposed on the front and rear surfaces of the stack of a plurality of battery cells 110 .
- Each bus bar housing 130 is disposed in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 110 (eg, the X-axis direction in the drawing).
- a pair of end plates 120 are provided at both ends of the stack of the plurality of battery cells 110, respectively.
- the end plate 120 is disposed parallel to the battery cell 110 .
- a pair of end plates 120 respectively connect between the pair of bus bar housings 130.
- Each of the upper and lower sides between the pair of end plates 120 may include at least one strap 140 connecting the pair of end plates 120 to each other.
- the strap 140 reinforces binding of the cell module assembly 100 . More specifically, the binding between the pair of end plates 120 and the plurality of battery cells 110 disposed therebetween is strengthened. Accordingly, misalignment of the stack of the plurality of battery cells 110 may be prevented.
- a plurality of battery cells 110 may be grouped and stored in a predetermined number.
- a blocking member 200 is provided between a group of a plurality (a predetermined number) of battery cells 110 and a group of a plurality (a predetermined number of battery cells 110) adjacent to each other.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a blocking member 200 included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the blocking member 200 of FIG. 7 .
- 9 is a top view of the blocking member 200 of FIG. 7 .
- the blocking member 200 may be interposed between adjacent battery cells 110 to block heat. For example, when a thermal event occurs in some of the battery cells 110 and heat or high-temperature venting gas is generated, the generated heat or gas is transferred to the adjacent battery cells 110 by the blocking member 200. Metastasis can be inhibited or blocked. In addition, the blocking member 200 may serve to block flames or sparks ejected from a specific battery cell 110 .
- the blocking member 200 has a substantially plate-like shape.
- the blocking member 200 may be configured in the form of a plate erected in the vertical direction.
- the blocking member 200 may also have the same height as or a similar height to that of the battery cell 110 erected vertically.
- the height of the blocking member 200 may be smaller or larger than the height of the battery cell 110 .
- a plurality of blocking members 200 may be included according to the number of battery cells. And, as described above, the blocking member 200 may constitute the cell module assembly 100 in a stacked form together with the battery cells 110 .
- thermal runaway propagation between cells can be effectively prevented by the blocking member 200 .
- the blocking member 200 may have a three-layered structure.
- a pair of swelling pads 220 are provided on both sides of the support plate 210, respectively.
- the support plate 210 maintains the shape and rigidity of the blocking member 200 and blocks flames or sparks ejected from the battery cells 110 between the battery cells 110 .
- the support plate 210 may be made of, for example, a metal material.
- the swelling pad 220 reduces pressure applied to the battery cell 110 due to the support plate 210 during swelling of the battery cell 110 .
- the swelling pad 220 may be made of, for example, a silicone material or a soft plastic material.
- the support plate 210 includes a plurality of through-holes 230 formed by penetrating the support plate 210 in the vertical direction, and the plurality of through-holes 230 are supported. They are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the plate 210 .
- a fire extinguishing agent digestive fluid
- the fire extinguishing agent digestive fluid
- the fire extinguishing agent also enters the plurality of through holes 230. That is, as the fire extinguishing agent (extinguishing liquid) stays in the plurality of through holes 230, the battery cell 110 in which the thermal event has occurred can be more effectively cooled and extinguished.
- the plurality of through holes 230 may be open to both the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate 210 .
- the plurality of through holes 230 may have a shape in which only the top surfaces are open and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of through holes 230 are blocked so that the fire extinguishing agent (digestive fluid) can stay in the through holes 230 for a longer time.
- the fire extinguishing agent digestive fluid
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a pack case 300 included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating a case in which the cell module assembly 100 of FIG. 10 is accommodated in the pack case 300 .
- the pack case 300 may be configured in the form of a box.
- the box-shaped pack case 300 may be integrally molded or may be manufactured in such a way as to combine at least one surface with an adjacent surface.
- the pack case 300 includes at least one vent 320 .
- a filter is mounted on the venting hole 320 .
- venting gas generated in the corresponding battery cell 110 may be discharged through the venting hole 320 .
- Venting gas discharged from the venting hole 320 may pass through a space between the pack case 300 and the outer cover 500 (see FIG. 5 ) and be discharged to the outside of the outer cover 500 .
- the cell module assembly 100 shown in FIG. 6 may be accommodated in the inner space of the auxiliary case 310 and then mounted on the pack case 300 .
- the cell module assembly 100 is primarily accommodated in the inner space of the auxiliary case 310 and then finally accommodated in the pack case 300, thereby supplementing the rigidity of the cell module assembly 100 and cell module assembly 100. Misalignment of the plurality of battery cells 110 in the stack can be prevented.
- the auxiliary case 310 may be made of, for example, metal or stainless steel.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fire extinguishing tank 400 included in the battery pack of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 14 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the fire extinguishing tank 400 of FIG. 13 and is taken along line A5-A5' in FIG. 5 .
- 15 is a top cross-sectional view of the lower tank 410 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 viewed from above.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 includes a lower tank 410 and an upper cover 420.
- the lower tank 410 and the upper cover 420 may be manufactured separately and sealed together, or may be manufactured integrally.
- the upper cover 420 may further include an inlet 430 for injecting a fire extinguishing agent.
- the inlet 430 may be closed with a stopper to seal the fire extinguishing tank 400.
- a thin portion of the base plate 411 of the lower tank 410 may function as a weak portion 411a. That is, when a thermal event occurs in the battery cell 110 of the cell module assembly 100, the relatively thin weak portion 411a may be damaged first. When the weak portion 411a is damaged and an opening is formed in the base plate 411, the fire extinguishing agent held in the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be discharged toward the cell module assembly 100 through the weak portion 411a.
- the weak portion 411a may have, for example, a narrow width and a long shape. That is, as a linear shape, it may be a straight line arranged parallel to one edge of the fire extinguishing tank 400, and each of the weak parts 411a may be arranged parallel to each other.
- the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 110 eg, the X-axis direction in the drawing
- the longitudinal direction of the weak portion 411a eg, the X-axis direction in the drawing
- the fire extinguishing agent can be supplied simultaneously through the plurality of open weak parts 411a throughout the battery cell 110, and more efficiently and quickly The battery cell 110 in which the event occurred may be extinguished.
- the base plate 411 of the lower tank 410 has a step. More specifically, the base plate 411 is largely classified as follows. It consists of a part (A7) where the weak part (411a) is located, a part (A8) in contact with the strap 140 of the pack case 100, and a part (A9) located on the electrical connection unit 600 side. Among them, the height of the base plate 411 at the portion A7 where the weak portion 411a is located is the lowest.
- the height of the cell module assembly 100 is increased due to the portion where the strap 140 is located or the portion where the bus bar housing 130 is located. Not constant. Regardless of this, if the height of the base plate 411 of the lower tank 410 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 is generally constant, the base plate 411 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 and the upper surface of the cell module assembly 100 are relatively constant. There will be an empty space in between. In such a case, heat transfer from the battery cell 110 whose temperature has risen to the weak portion 411a is hindered due to the empty space, so that digestion is delayed by that much.
- the weak part 411a When the battery cell 110 is overheated, the weak part 411a is disposed immediately adjacent to the battery cell 110 whose temperature has risen, so that the weak part 411a is immediately damaged and the battery cell 110 can be cooled quickly. and can be digested.
- the lower surface of the base plate 411 of the fire extinguishing tank 400 and the upper surface of the cell module assembly 100 have substantially identical shapes. Accordingly, since the fire extinguishing tank 400 is placed in close contact with the cell module assembly 100, the battery cell 110 having a temperature increase can be more effectively cooled, and the battery cell 110 in which overheating or ignition has occurred. Fire extinguishing agents can be injected more quickly. In addition, it is possible to efficiently accommodate more fire extinguishing agents in the fire extinguishing tank 400.
- the fire extinguishing tank 400 accommodates less fire extinguishing agent as much as the corresponding empty space.
- the fire extinguishing agent provided in the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be, for example, in the form of fire extinguishing fluid, and redundant descriptions are omitted and the above description is referred to.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a battery pack in which all components of the battery pack described above with reference to FIGS. 5 to 15 are combined.
- the pack case 300 may be provided in plurality and configured to be stacked in the vertical direction. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view schematically showing at least a part of the configuration of the battery pack of FIGS. 1 to 16 of the present invention.
- 18 and 19 are views showing an embodiment in which a plurality of pack cases 300 shown in FIG. 17 are stacked.
- the pack case 300 may include a bottom portion and a side wall portion.
- the cell module assembly 100 can be accommodated in the inner space of the pack case 300, and a battery pack is formed by covering the upper surface of the cell module assembly 100 with the fire extinguishing tank 400.
- the height of the upper side of the pack case 300 is shown to be greater than the height of the upper surface of the fire extinguishing tank 400.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram and is only one embodiment, and the present invention is shown in FIG. It is not limited to what is shown.
- the height of the upper surface of the fire extinguishing tank 400 may be greater than the height of the upper side of the pack case 300, and the height of the upper surface of the fire extinguishing tank 400 and the upper side of the pack case 300 may be Various deformation changes are possible, such as the height may be the same.
- a plurality of pack cases 300 as shown in FIG. 17 may be provided to form a stacked structure of battery packs as shown in FIG. 18 or 19 .
- the battery pack of FIG. 17 may be one unit pack.
- a module-stacked entire battery pack as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 can be configured.
- FIG. 18 a form in which three unit packs D are stacked in the vertical direction is shown. And, in the configuration of FIG. 19, a form in which five unit packs D are stacked in the vertical direction is shown.
- the present invention is not limited to what is shown, and may be implemented by changing the number of unit packs D in various ways according to the environment in which the present invention is implemented.
- the battery pack of the present invention when the battery pack of the present invention is implemented as an energy storage system (ESS), by adjusting the number of unit battery packs, various voltage ranges and / or storage capacities of the energy storage device can be implemented to suit the environment.
- one unit pack having a common structure may be stacked in various ways, and products of various voltage ranges and/or capacitances may be provided according to the number of stacked units.
- products with various capacities may be implemented according to the number of stacked layers by such an implementation configuration.
- each unit pack D may have a cell module assembly 100 therein.
- each unit pack D includes a connector 610 to electrically connect each cell module assembly 100 to each other during stacking, as described above.
- these connectors 610 may be configured to be coupled to each other due to the top and bottom stacking of each unit pack D.
- each unit pack D includes the fire extinguishing tank 400 on top of the cell module assembly 100 as described above.
- the plurality of stacked battery packs have a stacked structure of fire extinguishing tank 400 - cell module assembly 100 - fire extinguishing tank 400 - cell module assembly 100 from top to bottom.
- the battery pack can be configured by increasing (extending) the number of cell module assemblies 100 in order to increase various voltage ranges and/or capacitance, while the cell module It is possible to safely prepare for thermal events such as a fire of the assembly 100. Therefore, according to this embodiment of the present invention, the safety of the battery pack can be further improved.
- FIG. 17 As another example of a coupling method between vertically stacked battery packs (pack case 300), referring to FIG. 17 again, it is as follows. At the upper end of the side wall of the pack case 300, there may be a step formed concavely inward, such as the step portion C1 for coupling. For example, the thickness of the side wall portion of the pack case 300 becomes a thin portion. In addition, although not shown in FIG. 17 , a concave portion for coupling may be formed at the bottom of the pack case 300 so that the stepped portion C1 for coupling of the side wall portion is inserted.
- the step portion C1 for coupling formed on the upper end of the side wall of the lower pack case 300 is formed on the upper pack case 300.
- It may be configured to be inserted into the concave portion for coupling formed at the bottom of the. Accordingly, when the plurality of pack cases 300 are stacked and combined in the vertical direction, the outer surface of the pack case 300 may have an overall flat shape.
- a coupling method for a fastening structure between vertically stacked battery packs is not limited to that shown in FIGS. 17 and/or 10 , and various other coupling methods may be modified or changed and applied to the present invention.
- the battery packs of the present invention may be connected to a battery management system (BMS, not shown).
- BMS battery management system
- the battery management system monitors and manages the battery pack(s).
- the battery management system may be located on the uppermost layer of the battery packs stacked vertically.
- the location of the battery management system is not limited to the above, and can be variously modified or changed according to the method or environment in which the present invention is implemented.
- the battery pack according to the present invention may further include various other components included in the battery pack in addition to the above-described components.
- the battery pack according to the present invention may include various electrical components for controlling or managing charging and discharging of the battery pack, such as a battery management system (BMS), a relay, a fuse, and a current sensor.
- BMS battery management system
- a relay a relay
- a fuse a fuse
- a current sensor a current sensor
- An energy storage system (ESS) according to the present invention includes one or more battery packs according to the present invention described above.
- the energy storage device according to the present invention may further include general components included in the energy storage device in addition to the battery pack.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 복수의 전지 셀들이 적층된 전지 셀 적층체를 포함하는 셀 모듈 어셈블리;상기 셀 모듈 어셈블리를 수납하도록 되고 상면이 개구된 형상의 팩 케이스; 및상기 셀 모듈 어셈블리의 위에 위치하여 상기 팩 케이스를 커버하는 소화 탱크를 포함하고,상기 소화 탱크는:소화제를 수용하는 내부 공간; 및상기 소화 탱크의 베이스판의 두께가 상대적으로 얇게 형성된 부분으로서, 상기 전지 셀의 열적 이벤트에 의해 용융되어 개구되는 복수 개의 취약부들을 포함하는, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 취약부는 선 형상으로서, 상기 소화 탱크의 일 가장자리와 평행하게 배열되고, 각각의 취약부는 서로 평행하게 배열되고,상기 취약부의 길이 방향과 상기 전지 셀의 길이 방향은 서로 직교하는, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 취약부는 선 형상으로서, 상기 소화 탱크의 일 가장자리와 평행하게 배열되고, 각각의 취약부는 서로 평행하게 배열되고,상기 취약부의 길이 방향과 상기 전지 셀의 길이 방향은 서로 평행하고,상기 취약부는 서로 인접한 두 개의 전지 셀 사이에 배치되는, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 소화 탱크는 플라스틱 사출 성형으로 제작된 것인, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 소화 탱크의 상기 베이스판은 단차를 가지고, 상기 복수 개의 취약부가 배치된 부분의 높이가 제일 낮은, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 셀 모듈 어셈블리는:상기 전지 셀의 적층체의 전면과 후면에 배치되는 한 쌍의 버스바 하우징; 및상기 전지 셀의 적층체의 양측단에 상기 전지 셀과 평행하게 배치되는 한 쌍의 엔드 플레이트를 포함하고,상기 한 쌍의 버스바 하우징 사이를 한 쌍의 엔드 플레이트가 연결하는, 전지 팩.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 셀 모듈 어셈블리는:상기 셀 모듈 어셈블리의 결속을 강화하도록, 상기 전지 셀 적층체의 상기 한 쌍의 엔드 플레이트의 상부 측과 하부 측을 각각 연결하는 스트랩을 포함하는, 전지 팩.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 베이스판은 단차를 가지고, 상기 복수 개의 취약부가 배치된 부분의 높이가 상기 스트랩 위에 위치한 부분의 높이보다 낮은, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,서로 인접한 전지 셀 사이에 배치된 판 형상의 차단 부재를 더 포함하고,상기 차단 부재는 지지 플레이트 및 상기 지지 플레이트의 양면에 구비되는 한 쌍의 스웰링 패드를 포함하는, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 소화제는 액체 상태의 소화제인, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 팩 케이스는 상면이 개구된 박스 형상으로 이루어지고,일체로 성형되거나 또는 적어도 일면이 인접한 다른 면과 결합되는 방식으로 제작된 것인, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전지 팩은 복수 개로 구비되고,상기 복수 개의 전지 팩들 간에 서로 기계적 연결 또는 전기적 연결로 결합되는, 전지 팩.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 전지 팩들은 상하 방향으로 적층이 가능한, 전지 팩.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 전지 팩들의 전압대가 다양하게 구현되도록, 상기 복수 개의 전지 팩들 간의 전기적 연결은 직렬로 연결되는, 전지 팩.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 전지 팩들의 축전용량이 다양하게 구현되도록, 상기 복수 개의 전지 팩들 간의 전기적 연결은 병렬로 연결되는, 전지 팩.
- 제1항에 따른 전지 팩을 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치.
Priority Applications (3)
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CN202280062921.3A CN117957690A (zh) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-15 | 具有改进的安全性的电池组 |
AU2022421894A AU2022421894A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-15 | Battery pack with improved safety |
EP22911775.9A EP4376155A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-15 | Battery pack with improved safety |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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KR10-2021-0185391 | 2021-12-22 | ||
KR20210185391 | 2021-12-22 | ||
KR10-2022-0169563 | 2022-12-07 | ||
KR1020220169563A KR20230095812A (ko) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-07 | 안전성이 향상된 전지 팩 |
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WO2023121142A1 true WO2023121142A1 (ko) | 2023-06-29 |
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EP (1) | EP4376155A1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU2022421894A1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2023121142A1 (ko) |
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KR20120139970A (ko) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-28 | 세방전지(주) | 안전장치가 구비된 배터리 |
KR20140005323A (ko) * | 2011-05-05 | 2014-01-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이온 셀용 배터리 하우징 |
KR20190086115A (ko) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-22 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 소화 기능을 구비한 배터리 시스템 |
KR20210004189A (ko) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 방염 플레이트를 구비한 배터리 모듈, 이를 포함하는 배터리 랙 및 전력 저장 장치 |
KR20210089335A (ko) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-16 | 주식회사 피에스개발 | 자동차용 화재 진압 패치 |
-
2022
- 2022-12-15 EP EP22911775.9A patent/EP4376155A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-15 WO PCT/KR2022/020482 patent/WO2023121142A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-12-15 AU AU2022421894A patent/AU2022421894A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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KR20140005323A (ko) * | 2011-05-05 | 2014-01-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이온 셀용 배터리 하우징 |
KR20120139970A (ko) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-28 | 세방전지(주) | 안전장치가 구비된 배터리 |
KR20190086115A (ko) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-22 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 소화 기능을 구비한 배터리 시스템 |
KR20210004189A (ko) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 방염 플레이트를 구비한 배터리 모듈, 이를 포함하는 배터리 랙 및 전력 저장 장치 |
KR20210089335A (ko) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-16 | 주식회사 피에스개발 | 자동차용 화재 진압 패치 |
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AU2022421894A1 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
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