WO2023118398A1 - Site-specific antibody conjugation and its use - Google Patents

Site-specific antibody conjugation and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023118398A1
WO2023118398A1 PCT/EP2022/087399 EP2022087399W WO2023118398A1 WO 2023118398 A1 WO2023118398 A1 WO 2023118398A1 EP 2022087399 W EP2022087399 W EP 2022087399W WO 2023118398 A1 WO2023118398 A1 WO 2023118398A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antibody
modified antibody
kalbtg
recognition site
heavy chain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2022/087399
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kerstin HOFER
Rainer E. Martin
Mohamed Yosry Hassan Mohamed
Tobias OELSCHLAEGEL
Felix Franz SCHUMACHER
Tatjana SELA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
Original Assignee
F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PE2024001457A priority Critical patent/PE20251186A1/es
Priority to CR20240256A priority patent/CR20240256A/es
Priority to CA3242447A priority patent/CA3242447A1/en
Priority to EP22844060.8A priority patent/EP4405388A1/en
Priority to MX2024007648A priority patent/MX2024007648A/es
Priority to IL313340A priority patent/IL313340A/en
Application filed by F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Hoffmann La Roche Inc filed Critical F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Priority to AU2022418204A priority patent/AU2022418204A1/en
Priority to KR1020247022190A priority patent/KR20240118825A/ko
Priority to CN202280085397.1A priority patent/CN118434763A/zh
Publication of WO2023118398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023118398A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to CONC2024/0008389A priority patent/CO2024008389A2/es
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/32—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against translation products of oncogenes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/549—Sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides or nucleic acids
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/65—Peptidic linkers, binders or spacers, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/6807—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug or compound being a sugar, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid, e.g. RNA antisense
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
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    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/6811—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being a protein or peptide, e.g. transferrin or bleomycin
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    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6871—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting an enzyme
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2881—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against CD71
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2896—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against molecules with a "CD"-designation, not provided for elsewhere
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/515—Complete light chain, i.e. VL + CL
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
    • C07K2317/522—CH1 domain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
    • C07K2317/524—CH2 domain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
    • C07K2317/526—CH3 domain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
    • C07K2317/53—Hinge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2318/00—Antibody mimetics or scaffolds
    • C07K2318/10—Immunoglobulin or domain(s) thereof as scaffolds for inserted non-Ig peptide sequences, e.g. for vaccination purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif

Definitions

  • the current invention is in the field of antibody technology, especially in the field of antibody-drug conjugates.
  • the invention is directed to modified antibodies comprising one or more artificial recognition sites for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida and antibody-drug conjugates comprising said modified antibodies.
  • a pharmaceutical is a chemical substance used to treat, cure or prevent a disease. It can be administered via a number of routes, and many pharmaceuticals can be administered by more than one route. Typical administration routes include without limitation injection as a solution, suspension or emulsion (e.g. intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraocular, intraosseous, subcutaneous or intrathecal), orally, rectally, sublingually or topically.
  • a pharmaceutical is usually distributed systemically in the body of the patient and may have adverse effects due to its activity at undesired areas. Other areas may be difficult to reach.
  • Targeted therapy aims to overcome this disadvantage by using pharmaceuticals that are directed to the area in the body, where they are intended to act. Targeted therapies are expected to be more effective than conventional non-targeted forms of treatments and have less side effects.
  • ADCs antibody drug conjugates
  • AOCs antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates
  • ADCs such as AOCs
  • ADCs for targeted therapy with more precise control over the number and site of the attachment of the therapeutic entities.
  • homogeneity of the ADC should be increased.
  • Improved site-specific conjugation technologies remain the target of interest of many pharmaceutical companies for their potential use in the preparation of therapeutic ADCs as well as diagnostic antibody-label or antibody-enzyme conjugates.
  • KalbTG shows similar efficiency, but improved specificity and developability compared to previously described microbial transglutaminases (mTGs).
  • the IgG heavy chain C-terminus has been described as a suitable Q-tag insertion site for mTGs for antibody labeling (see, e.g., WO 2021/174091).
  • conjugate products can be provided, e.g., reducing the required purification and separation efforts and yield molecules with more favorable drug-like properties. Additionally, the risk of impairing the binding of the antibody to its antigen by the conjugation process and/or the conjugated payload is reduced.
  • the present inventors have observed amongst other things increased aggregation and hydrophobicity when conjugating payloads to the IgG heavy chain C-terminus.
  • the KalbTG Q-tag has to be introduced at a defined site within the IgG backbone according to the current invention.
  • the present invention relates to a modified antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain or/and the light chain comprises one or more first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) or a functionally active variant thereof.
  • the one or more first recognition site(s) are introduced at one or more selected position(s) within the antibody’s heavy chain and/or light chain.
  • One aspect of the current invention is a modified antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain or/and the light chain comprises one or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the recognition site for KalbTG is positioned internally in the constant regions of the antibody heavy chain polypeptide, i.e. not at any N- or C-terminus of the antibody heavy chain, or/and internally or at the C-terminus of the antibody light chain constant domain.
  • the modified antibody of the present invention further comprises a recognition site for KalbTG at or fused to the C-terminus, i.e. at position 446 (HC446) or position 447 (HC447), of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the term “insertion of a recognition site for KalbTG at a position” denotes that the amino acid residue present at that position in the unmodified amino acid sequence of the respective chain of the antibody is either replaced by the recognition site, i.e. the recognition site is inserted instead of the amino acid residue, or the recognition site is in one preferred embodiment inserted directly after that position in the amino acid sequence, either directly of interspaced between two short flexible linker peptides, i.e. the amino acid residue is maintained.
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) and position 341 (HC341) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat)
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 341 (HC341), position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises two identical heavy chains or heavy chain Fc-regions.
  • the modified antibody comprises two, four or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody according to the invention comprises two different heavy chains or antibody Fc-regions, whereby the difference arises at least from the respective mutations for inducing heterodimerization.
  • the modified antibody comprises one, two, three or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) independently of each other at or inserted after one or more positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) independently of each other at or inserted after one or more positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the current invention relates to a modified antibody Fc-region, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises one or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297), position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida
  • the recognition site for KalbTG is positioned internally in the constant regions of the antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide, i.e. not at any terminus.
  • the modified antibody Fc-region of the present invention may include a further first recognition site for KalbTG at position 446 (HC446) or position 447 (HC447) of the heavy chain, i.e. at the C-terminal end (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the term “insertion of a recognition site for KalbTG at a position” denotes that the amino acid present at that position in the unmodified sequence is either replaced by the recognition site or in one preferred embodiment the recognition site is inserted after that position in addition, either directly or interspaced between two flexible short linker peptides.
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) and position 341 (HC341) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 341 (HC341), position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain and the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain
  • the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain and the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain
  • the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain and the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain
  • the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain
  • the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain
  • the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain, the heavy chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain, and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 2
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain, the heavy chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain, and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain, and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida is(are) inserted directly after the position. In certain embodiments, the recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) is(are) inserted interspaced between two flexible peptide linkers. In certain embodiments, the recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) has the amino acid sequence GGGSYRYRQGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25).
  • the invention further relates to one or more nucleic acids encoding the modified antibody according to the invention as well as a covalent conjugate comprising (i) the modified antibody according to the invention and (ii) one or more non-antibody moieties (payload(s)) covalently conjugated to the one or more first recognition site(s) either directly or via a first linker.
  • the non-antibody moiety comprises a therapeutic entity and optionally a second linker.
  • the present invention further relates to a method of covalently conjugating a modified antibody according to the invention to non-antibody moieties.
  • the non-antibody moiety comprises a therapeutic entity
  • the present invention further relates to the conjugate of the modified antibody according to the invention and the therapeutic entity as pharmaceutical composition, for use as a medicament as well as for use in treating a disease.
  • KalbTG catalyzes the formation of an isopeptide bond between a glutamine side (Gln, Q) chain and a lysine (Lys, K) side chain.
  • the formed isopeptide bond is an 8- ( ⁇ -glutamyl) lysine bond/bridge.
  • the enzymatic bond formation is covalent and, thus, mostly irreversible.
  • YRYRQ SEQ ID NO: 17 was identified as a KalbTG Gln-containing-motif (Q-tag), while RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16) was identified as Lys-containing-acceptor-motif (K-tag).
  • the current invention encompasses at least the following embodiments:
  • a modified antibody comprising at least an antibody heavy chain, wherein the antibody heavy chain comprises one or two or three or four or more first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected independently of each other from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297), position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • a modified antibody comprising at least an antibody light chain, wherein the antibody light chain comprises one or two or three or four or more first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected independently of each other from the group of position comprising position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • a modified antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain or/and the light chain comprises one or two or three or four or more first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected independently of each other from the group of positions comprising position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297), position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the modified antibody further comprises a first recognition site for KalbTG at or fused to the C-terminus of the antibody heavy chain.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the modified antibody further comprises a first recognition site for KalbTG at position 446 (HC446) or position 447 (HC447) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the uneven number is one or three or five or seven.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the modified antibody comprises at least one cognate pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain.
  • the antibody heavy chain comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the antibody heavy chain comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the antibody heavy chain comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain and the antibody light chain comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody comprises two pairs each of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein each of the antibody heavy chains or/and the antibody light chains comprises one or more first recognition sites for KalbTG, or
  • the modified antibody comprises two pairs each of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein one of the antibody heavy chains or/and the antibody light chains comprises the one or more first recognition sites for KalbTG, or
  • the modified antibody comprises one pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain and one additional antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide, wherein the antibody heavy chain or/and the antibody heavy chain Fc-region fragment or the antibody light chain comprises the one or more first recognition sites for KalbTG.
  • the antibody heavy chain of the first pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain
  • the antibody heavy chain of the second pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain
  • the antibody light chain of the second pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the antibody heavy chain of the first pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain
  • the antibody heavy chain of the second pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain
  • the antibody light chain of the second pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the antibody heavy chain of the first pair comprises two first recognition sites for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain
  • the antibody light chain of the second pair comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • both antibody light chains comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • both antibody heavy chains comprises two first recognition sites for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • both antibody heavy chains comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain and both antibody light chains comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • both antibody heavy chains comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain and both antibody light chains comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • both antibody heavy chains comprises two first recognition sites for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain and both antibody light chains comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 214 (LC214) of the antibody light chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the modified antibody comprises in addition to the recognition site(s) for KalbTG the following mutations (numbering according to Kabat): a) L234A, L235A in both Fc-region polypeptides; b) P329G in both Fc-region polypeptides; c) T366W in one Fc-region polypeptide and T366S, L368A, Y407V in the other Fc-region polypeptide; d) S354C in one Fc-region polypeptide and Y349C in the other Fc-region polypeptide; e) a) and b); f) a) and b) and c); or g) a) and b) and c) and d).
  • a modified antibody Fc-region comprising at least one modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide, wherein the modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises one or two or three or four or more first recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected independently of each other from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297), position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide further comprises a first recognition site for KalbTG at or fused to its C-terminus.
  • modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide further comprises a first recognition site for KalbTG at position 446 (HC446) or position 447 (HC447) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 43 to 48, wherein the one or two or three or four or more positions are selected independently of each other from the group of positions comprising 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • the modified antibody Fc-region comprises an even number of first recognition site(s) for KalbTG at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected independently of each other from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 49, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises an uneven number of first recognition site(s) for KalbTG at or inserted after one or more of the positions independently of each other selected from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises two first recognition sites for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody Fc-region comprises two modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides according to any one of embodiments 43 to 58.
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 58, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises two modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides whereof one modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain and the other modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 58, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises two modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides whereof both modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides comprise one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 58, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises two modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides whereof both modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides comprise one first recognition site for KalbTG at or inserted after position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 58, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises two modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides whereof both modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides two first recognition sites for KalbTG at or inserted after position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the antibody heavy chain (numbering according to Kabat).
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 63, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises two identical antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides.
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 63, wherein the modified antibody Fc-region comprises two different antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides.
  • modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 66, wherein the modified antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide comprises in addition to the recognition site(s) for KalbTG the following mutations (numbering according to Kabat): a) L234A, L235A in both Fc-region polypeptides; b) P329G in both Fc-region polypeptides; c) T366W in one Fc-region polypeptide and T366S, L368A, Y407V in the other Fc-region polypeptide; d) S354C in one Fc-region polypeptide and Y349C in the other Fc-region polypeptide; e) a) and b); f) a) and b) and c); or g) a) and b) and c) and d).
  • a modified antibody comprising the modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 43 to 67,
  • the amino acid sequences RYGQR SEQ ID NO: 11
  • RWRQR SEQ ID NO: 12
  • YRQRT SEQ ID NO: 13
  • IRQRQ SEQ ID NO: 14
  • FRYRQ SEQ ID NO: 15
  • YRYRQ SEQ ID NO: 17
  • RVRQR SEQ ID NO: 18
  • each peptide linker comprises independently of each other between 1 to 20 amino acid
  • each peptide linker comprises independently of each other 1 to 10 amino acids.
  • each peptide linker comprises independently of each other 1 to 5 amino acids.
  • modified antibody or the modified antibody Fc-region according to any one of embodiments 74 to 80, wherein the peptide linkers are independently of each other selected from the group of peptide linker comprising GGGP (SEQ ID NO: 20), ESGS (SEQ ID NO: 21), APAP (SEQ ID NO: 22), KESGSVSSEQLAQFRSLD (SEQ ID NO: 23) and EGKSSGSGSESKST (SEQ ID NO: 24)
  • modified antibody or the modified antibody Fc-region according to embodiment 84, wherein the peptide linker comprises one repetitive unit with the amino acid sequence Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser (n 1; SEQ ID NO: 19).
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 85, wherein the modified antibody comprises one or two or three or four Fab-fragments.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 86 wherein the modified antibody is a monovalent, monospecific antibody comprising one full-length antibody light chain and one full-length antibody heavy chain forming a cognate antibody light chain-heavy chain-pair and one antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide fragment including a hinge region associated with the Fc-region of the full-length antibody heavy chain.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 87 wherein the modified antibody is based on a human Ig heavy chain constant region.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody is based on a human IgG1 heavy chain polypeptide and has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, or up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2. 91.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody is based on a human IgG2 heavy chain polypeptide and has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, or up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. 92.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody is based on a human IgG3 heavy chain polypeptide and has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, or up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4. 93.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody is based on a human IgG4 heavy chain polypeptide and has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, or up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 02 wherein at or after one or more of the positions identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted, and wherein after the position identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted only in case a further first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted at one of the position identified by an “ ⁇ ”.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 03 wherein at or after one or more of the positions identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted, and wherein after the position identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted only in case a further first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted at one of the position identified by an “ ⁇ ”. 97.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 04 wherein at or after one or more of the positions identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted, and wherein after the position identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted only in case a further first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted at one of the position identified by an “ ⁇ ”.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 05 wherein at or after one or more of the positions identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted, and wherein after the position identified by an a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted only in case a further first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted at one of the position identified by an “ ⁇ ”.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 99, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region that has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 99, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody heavy chain constant region that has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 102, wherein the modified antibody is based on a human kappa or lambda antibody light chain and has an antibody light chain constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, or up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the modified antibody has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, or up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10:
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104 wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody light chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 06 wherein at or after one or more of the positions identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104 wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody light chain constant region with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 07 wherein at or after one or more of the positions identified by an “ ⁇ ” a first recognition site for KalbTG is inserted.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 106, wherein the modified antibody comprises an antibody light chain constant region that has the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises (i) an unmodified antibody light chain constant domain that has an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %,
  • an unmodified antibody heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) an unmodified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5, wherein at least one recognition site for KalbTG has been inserted. 110.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7, wherein at least one recognition site for KalbTG has been inserted; and b) a unmodified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) an antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. 112.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) an antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 113.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107 wherein the modified antibody comprises a) an antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) an antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) an antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5.
  • a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10
  • an antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) an antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 119.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107 wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34. 120.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. 121.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the modified antibody comprises a) a modified antibody light chain constant domain that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a modified antibody heavy chain constant region that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 122, wherein the modified antibody binds to an antigen.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 123, wherein the modified antibody specifically binds to a structure enabling the crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 124, wherein the modified antibody specifically binds to a receptor inducing receptor- mediated endocytosis.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 125, wherein the modified antibody specifically bins to an antigen selected from the group of antigens consisting of the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), the human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), the human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and the human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8).
  • TfR1 human transferrin receptor 1
  • IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
  • LRP1 human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
  • LRP8 human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 126, wherein the modified antibody specifically binds to the human transferrin receptor 1.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 127, wherein the modified antibody specifically binds to one or two antigens and said one or two antigens is/are specific for a specific cell type.
  • modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 128 to 129, wherein the cell type is a breast cancer cell.
  • a covalent conjugate comprising (i) the modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 130, and
  • a second recognition site for KalbTG which is complementary to the first recognition site present in the modified antibody, i.e. in case the modified antibody comprises a Q-tag the non-antibody domain comprises a K-tag or vice versa, especially wherein the second recognition site comprises or has a Lys-containing motif, especially the sequence RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16) (K-tag), and
  • covalent conjugate according to any one of embodiments 131 to 141, wherein therapeutic entity is selected from the group comprising anti-sense oligonucleotides comprising LNA nucleotides, toxins, small organic molecules and immune modulators.
  • the second linker may comprise an unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 alkyl, wherein in case of a substituted C 1-6 alkyl the substituents are selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonylalkoxy, acylamino, amino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, azido, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heterocyclyl, aminosulfonyl, sulfonylamino, sulfonyl and oxo.
  • conjugate comprises a modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 130 and one or more therapeutic nucleic acids, wherein each therapeutic nucleic acid is linked to a single Q-tag via an isopeptide bond and, optionally, an amide bond to the terminal residue of the K-tag via a second linker.
  • a method of covalently conjugating a modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 130 to a therapeutic entity comprising a) providing the modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 130, b) providing a non-antibody domain, wherein the non-antibody domain comprises (i) a therapeutic entity, (ii) a second recognition site for KalbTG, which is complementary to the first recognition site present in the modified antibody provided under (i), and (iii) optionally a second linker between the therapeutic entity and the second recognition site for KalbTG; and c) incubating the modified antibody of a) and the non-antibody domain of b) in the presence of KalbTG or a functionally active variant or fragment thereof and thereby forming an isopeptide bond between the first and the second recognition site for KalbTG, and thereby conjugating the modified antibody to the therapeutic entity.
  • step c) is performed under conditions conducive to the activity of KalbTG.
  • step c) is performed under conditions conducive to the activity of KalbTG.
  • the first recognition site for KalbTG has the amino acid sequence YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17).
  • 159. The method according to any one of embodiments 156 to 158, wherein the second recognition site for KalbTG has the amino acid sequence of RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16).
  • 160. The modified antibody, the modified Fc-region, the covalent conjugate and the method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 159, wherein the KalbTG comprises the amino acid sequence (in three letter code) 161.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the covalent conjugate according to any one of embodiments 131 to 155 and 160. 162.
  • the neurological disease is selected from the group consisting of a neuropathy disorder, a neurodegenerative disease, cancer, an ocular disease disorder, a seizure disorder, a lysosomal storage disease, amyloidosis, a viral or microbial disease, ischemia, a behavioral disorder, CNS inflammation, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, multiple sclerosis, CD20 positive cancer with brain metastases, and HER2 positive cancer with brain metastases.
  • the neurological disease is selected from neuropathy disorder, a neurodegenerative disease, cancer, an ocular disease disorder, a seizure disorder, a lysosomal storage disease, amyloidosis, a viral or microbial disease, ischemia, a behavioral disorder, and CNS inflammation.
  • a cell comprising the nucleic acid or the nucleic acid composition according to embodiment 167.
  • a method for producing the modified antibody according to any one of embodiments 1 to 130 comprising the steps of
  • the invention is based, at least in part, on the finding that the Q-tag cannot be incorporated at all sites within an antibody, such as an IgGl antibody, with concomitant suitability for conjugation to a payload.
  • the antibody constant domain regions have been screened for conjugation via KalbTG.
  • KalbTG Q- tags were inserted at surface-exposed inter- and intra-domain flexible loops within the human IgGl heavy and light chain constant regions as well as at the respective heavy and light chain’s C-terminus. In total, 9 distinct sites within the IgGl heavy and light chains were tested.
  • the KalbTG Q-tag motif was inserted interspaced between/within two flexible linkers as amino acid sequence GGGS-YRYRQ-GGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25). To show the general applicability of the findings, additionally, five antibodies of different binding specificity (mAb-1 to mAb-5) have been tested. These molecules with single KalbTG recognition site insertions were assessed for their expression rate. The results are presented in the Examples and Table 1. Table 1: Expression yield of different antibodies with Q-tags inserted at various positions.
  • the modified antibodies were further tested for conjugation and accessibility of the Q-tag for enzymatic modification by the KalbTG.
  • the antibody is symmetric, i.e. comprised two identical heavy and light chain pairs, two Q-tags were present per molecule.
  • the antibody is asymmetric, i.e. comprised two different heavy and light chain pairs, a single Q-tag was present per molecule. Therefore, a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR, i.e. number of payload molecules per antibody molecule) of 2 was expected at 100 % conjugation efficiency for the symmetric antibody and a DAR of 1 was expected at 100 % conjugation efficiency for the asymmetric antibody.
  • DAR drug-to-antibody ratio
  • Mab-1 and mAb-2 were conjugated with a single step method; mAb-4 was conjugated in a two-step method (first to the K-tag and then the K-tag to the nucleic acid using click chemistry).
  • the general applicability of the method according to the current invention using the antibody according to the current invention is shown, i.e. the method is independent of the binding specificity of the antibody as well as the technology used to conjugate the payload to the K-tag, i.e. either directly or sequentially.
  • RYGQR SEQ ID NO: 11
  • RWRQR SEQ ID NO: 12
  • YRQRT SEQ ID NO: 13
  • IRQRQ both Q’s
  • Table 5 Retention times of modified antibodies conjugated to a nucleic acid consisting of 15 nucleotides (mAb-2) and 20 nucleotides (mAb-4).
  • the inventors have successfully identified a number of KalbTG Q-tag insertion sites spanning the length of the IgG backbone, which do not negatively influence impact on the expression yield and allow/provide enzyme accessibility.
  • the suitable insertion sites with respect to expression yield and enzymatic accessibility for the Q-tag are, thus, at positions 110 (LC110), 143 (LC143) and 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), 177 (HC177), 297 (HC297), 341 (HC341) and 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows the EU-numbering scheme of Kabat).
  • the preferred insertion sites with respect to PK properties for the Q-tag are, thus, at positions 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 177 (HC177) and 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the present invention relates to a modified antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain or/and the light chain comprises one or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the recognition site for KalbTG is positioned internally in the constant regions of the Ig heavy chain polypeptide, i.e. not at any terminus, or/and internally or at the C-terminus of the Ig light chain constant domain.
  • the modified antibody of the present invention may include a further first recognition site for KalbTG at position 446 (HC446) of the heavy chain, i.e. at the C-terminal end.
  • a recognition site for KalbTG at a position means that the amino acid present at that position in the unmodified sequence is either replaced by the recognition site or the recognition site is preferably inserted after that position in addition.
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) and position 341 (HC341) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 341 (HC341), position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody according to the invention comprises two identical heavy chains or heavy chain Fc-regions.
  • such a modified antibody comprises two, four or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at one or more of the positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody according to the invention comprises two different heavy chains whereby the difference arises from the respective mutations for inducing heterodimerization.
  • such a modified antibody comprises one, two or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at one or more identical or different positions selected from position 110 (LC110), position 143 (LC143) and position 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the current invention relates to a modified antibody Fc-region comprising a heavy chain Fc-region, wherein the heavy chain Fc-region comprises one or more (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at or inserted after one or more of the positions selected from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297), position 341 (HC341) and position 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the recognition site for KalbTG is positioned internally in the constant regions of the Ig heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide, i.e. not at any terminus.
  • the modified antibody Fc-region of the present invention may include a further first recognition site for KalbTG at position 446 (HC446) of the heavy chain, i.e. at the C-terminal end.
  • HC446 HC446
  • the insertion of a recognition site for KalbTG at a position means that the amino acid present at that position in the unmodified sequence is either replaced by the recognition site or the recognition site is preferably inserted after that position in addition.
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 118 (HC118), position 177 (HC177), position 297 (HC297) and position 341 (HC341) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU- numbering scheme).
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 341 (HC341), position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the one or more positions are selected from the group of positions comprising position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at the position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at the position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at the position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain
  • the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme)
  • the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain
  • the heavy chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme)
  • the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one (cognate) pair of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain
  • the heavy chain comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) and position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme)
  • the light chain comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme) and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme) and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme)
  • the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s)
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme)
  • the heavy chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain
  • the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme
  • the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain
  • the heavy chain of the first pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain
  • the heavy chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain
  • the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme
  • the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the modified antibody comprises two (cognate) pairs of an antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain, wherein the heavy chain of the first pair comprises two (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 297 (HC297) and at position 177 (HC177) of the heavy chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s EU-numbering scheme), and the light chain of the second pair comprises one (first) recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain (the amino acid numbering follows Kabat’s numbering scheme).
  • the recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida is(are) inserted directly after the position. In certain embodiments, the recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) is(are) inserted in between two flexible linkers. In certain embodiments, the recognition site(s) for the transglutaminase from Kutzneria albida (KalbTG) has the amino acid sequence GGGSYRYRQGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25).
  • antibody and “Ig” are used interchangeably herein. They are used in the broadest sense and include, for example, monoclonal antibodies independent of the binding specificity (including agonist, antagonist, neutralizing antibodies, full length or intact monoclonal antibodies), monovalent antibodies, for example full-length antibodies lacking one Fab), multivalent antibodies, i.e. antibodies that are two- or tetravalent, multispecific antibodies and fragments of full-length antibodies so long as they comprise at least one of the modifications as outlined above.
  • Naturally occurring antibodies are generated by the assembly of heavy chains only (e.g. heavy chain only VHH antibodies) or heavy and light chains (e.g. wild-type IgG antibodies).
  • Each heavy chain is composed of four domains: the variable domain (VH) and three constant domains (CHI, CH2, and CH3). These are connected by a flexible hinge region.
  • the light chain is composed of variable domain (VL) and a constant domain (CL).
  • VH variable domain
  • CL constant domain
  • the light chain pairs with a cognate heavy chain, i.e. the Fab-fragment of the heavy chain comprising the VH and CHI domains, to form the binding sites of the antibody.
  • the associated light chain and heavy chain Fab fragments together are denoted as Fab fragment.
  • the heavy chain CH2 and CH3 domains together are denoted as antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide.
  • One antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide dimerizes with an additional antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide, e.g. from a second antibody heavy chain, to form the Fc-region.
  • the Fc-region is connected to the Fab- fragment ⁇ ) via the flexible hinge region.
  • an antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptide in addition to the CH2 and CH3 domains further comprises all or a part of the hinge region.
  • the hinge region comprises several disulfide bridges that covalently link two antibody heavy chain Fc-region polypeptides together.
  • the light chain and the heavy chain Fab fragment are also connected by one disulfide bridge.
  • the connectivity differs among the IgG subclasses.
  • the overall structure of full-length IgGs resembles a Y-shape, with the Fc-region forming the base while the two Fab-fragments form the arms and are available for binding to the antigen.
  • variable domains Within the variable domains reside loops called complementarity determining regions (CDRs). These are mainly responsible for the direct interaction of the antibody with its antigen. Because of the significant variability in the number of amino acids in these CDRs, there are multiple numbering schemes for the variable regions.
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • the amino acid positions of all constant regions and domains of the heavy and light chain are numbered according to the Kabat numbering system described in Kabat, et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) and is referred to as “numbering according to Kabat” herein.
  • Kabat numbering system see pages 647-660 of Kabat, et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) is used for the light chain constant domain CL of kappa and lambda isotype
  • Kabat EU index numbering system see pages 661-723 is used for the constant heavy chain domains (CHI, Hinge, CH2 and CH3, which is herein further clarified by referring to “numbering according to Kabat EU index” in this case).
  • modified antibody denotes antibodies or antibody Fc- regions according to the invention comprising at least one (artificial) internal Q-tag (at a desired site).
  • Modified antibodies include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bispecific antibodies), humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies, heavy chain only antibodies and functional fragments thereof.
  • functional fragment refers to a portion of an intact antibody that retains some or all of the antigen binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment is derived.
  • Non-limiting examples of functional fragments of an antibody include Fab-fragments, F(ab’)-fragments, F(ab)2-fragments, F(ab’)2-fragments, etc.
  • modified antibodies according to the invention include antibody molecules and immunologically active portions of antibody molecules, for example, antigen-binding domains or molecules that contain an antigen-binding site that binds to the antigen (e.g., one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs)) as long as the modification according to the invention is present.
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • the modified antibodies provided herein can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY, in certain embodiments IgG), any class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2, in one preferred embodiment IgG1), or any subclass (e.g. IgG2a and IgG2b).
  • An antibody can be humanized, chimeric and/or affinity matured as well as an antibody from other species, for example, mouse, rabbit and sheep.
  • the modified antibody comprises at least one heavy chain and at least one light chain. Accordingly, the modified antibody in certain embodiments comprises one or two or three or four Fab-fragments.
  • the modified antibody is a monovalent, monospecific antibody comprising one (full-length) light chain and one (full-length) heavy chain forming a cognate light chain-heavy chain-pair (including one binding site) and one heavy chain Fc-region fragment including a hinge region associated with the Fc-region of the (full-length) heavy chain.
  • the modified antibody may be based on an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 antibody, particularly a humanized, mouse, rabbit, or sheep antibody.
  • IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 antibody particularly a humanized, mouse, rabbit, or sheep antibody.
  • Exemplary and suitable sequences are given in the following, wherein in the “X ⁇ “ annotation the “X” indicates the amino acid residue/position and “ ⁇ ” indicates the insertion sites of Q-tag motifs (with or without linker sequences):
  • the heavy chain constant region of the modified antibody according to the invention is based on a human Ig heavy chain constant region, e.g., human IgG1, human IgG2, human IgG3, or human IgG4 heavy chain constant region.
  • the heavy chain constant region comprises at least one Q-tag according to the invention.
  • the human IgG1 heavy chain polypeptide, on which the modified antibody according to the invention may be based includes a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
  • the modified antibody according to the invention is based on an IgG1 antibody und, thus, is a modified/variant IgG1 antibody.
  • the human IgG2 heavy chain polypeptide, on which the modified antibody according to the invention may be based includes a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • the human IgG3 heavy chain polypeptide, on which the modified antibody according to the current invention may be based includes a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
  • the human IgG4 heavy chain polypeptide, on which the modified antibody according to the current invention may be based includes a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the modified antibody according to the invention comprises in addition to the inserted KalbTG recognition site according to the current invention the following further mutations (numbering according to Kabat): a) L234A, L235A in both Fc-region polypeptides; b) P329G in both Fc-region polypeptides; c) T366W in one Fc-region polypeptide and T366S, L368A, Y407V in the other Fc-region polypeptide; d) S354C in one Fc-region polypeptide and Y349C in the other Fc-region polypeptide; e) a) and b); f) a) and b) and c); or g) a) and b) and c) and d).
  • the modified antibody according to the invention comprises in the first Fc- region polypeptide the mutations L234A, L235A, P329G, T366W and in the second Fc-region polypeptide the mutations L234A, L235A, P329G, T366S, L368A, Y407V.
  • the modified antibody further comprises one of the mutation S354C and Y349C in the first Fc-region polypeptide and the other in the second Fc-region polypeptide.
  • the modified antibody according to the invention is based on a human heavy chain polypeptide and has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more, and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 or SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 34:
  • the modified antibody may be based on an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 antibody, particularly a humanized antibody, further comprising a light chain constant domain.
  • IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 antibody particularly a humanized antibody, further comprising a light chain constant domain.
  • Exemplary and suitable sequences for a light chain constant domain modified according to the current invention are given in the following, wherein in the “X ⁇ “ annotation the “X” indicates the amino acid residue/position and “ ⁇ “ indicates the insertion sites of Q-tag motifs (with or without linker sequences):
  • the human light chain polypeptide, on which the modified antibody according to the invention may be based includes a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7.
  • the human light chain polypeptide of the modified antibody according to the current invention has a constant region amino acid sequence that is 75% or more, e.g., 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 99% or more and up to 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10: LC214 (SEQ ID NO: 10)
  • the unmodified light chain constant domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7; or wherein the unmodified heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5.
  • the modified antibody according to the current invention comprises a) an unmodified light chain constant domain that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7; and b) a modified heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5, wherein at least one recognition site for KalbTG has been inserted.
  • the modified antibody according to the current invention comprises a) a modified light chain constant domain that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 6 or 7, wherein at least one KalbTG recognition site has been inserted; and b) an unmodified heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5.
  • the light chain constant domain comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; or wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or 9 or 34.
  • the modified antibody according to the current invention comprises a) a light chain constant domain that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a modified heavy chain constant region that comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 96 %, 97 %, 98 %, or 99 %, particularly 100 % identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or 9 or 34.
  • the modified antibody according to the invention may be a bi- or multispecific antibody.
  • exemplary bi- or multispecific antibodies include: - full-length antibody with domain exchange: a multispecific IgG antibody comprising a first Fab fragment and a second Fab fragment, wherein in the first Fab fragment a) only the CH1 and CL domains are replaced by each other (i.e. the light chain of the first Fab fragment comprises a VL and a CH1 domain and the heavy chain of the first Fab fragment comprises a VH and a CL domain); b) only the VH and VL domains are replaced by each other (i.e.
  • the light chain of the first Fab fragment comprises a VH and a CL domain and the heavy chain of the first Fab fragment comprises a VL and a CH1 domain); or c) the CH1 and CL domains are replaced by each other and the VH and VL domains are replaced by each other (i.e.
  • the light chain of the first Fab fragment comprises a VH and a CH1 domain and the heavy chain of the first Fab fragment comprises a VL and a CL domain); and wherein the second Fab fragment comprises a light chain comprising a VL and a CL domain, and a heavy chain comprising a VH and a CH1 domain;
  • the full length antibody with domain exchange may comprises a first heavy chain including a CH3 domain and a second heavy chain including a CH3 domain, wherein both CH3 domains are engineered in a complementary manner by respective amino acid substitutions, in order to support heterodimerization of the first heavy chain and the modified second heavy chain;
  • a multispecific IgG antibody comprising a) one full length antibody comprising two pairs each of a full length antibody light chain and a full length antibody heavy chain, wherein the binding sites formed by each of the pairs of the full length heavy chain and the full length light chain specifically bind to a first antigen, and b) one additional Fab fragment, wherein the additional Fab fragment is fused to the C-terminus of one heavy chain of the full length antibody, wherein the binding site of the additional Fab fragment specifically binds to a second antigen, wherein the additional Fab fragment specifically binding to the second antigen i) comprises a domain crossover such that a) the light chain variable domain (VL) and the heavy chain variable domain (VH) are replaced by each other, or b) the light chain constant domain (CL) and the heavy chain constant domain (CHI) are replaced by each other, or ii) is a single chain Fab fragment;
  • common light chain bispecific antibody antibody comprising a first binding site that specifically binds to a first epitope or antigen and a second binding site that specifically binds to a second epitope or antigen, whereby the individual chains are as follows
  • K Diss dissociation constant
  • the property of “not specifically binding” is insured by a K Diss of 10 -7 mol/l or worse to the respective non-related antigen.
  • the antibody specifically binding to an antigen will have a Koiss-gap of at least 100-fold between its reactivity towards its cognate antigen and its reactivity towards a not-related antigen.
  • binding properties of an antibody can be assessed by a BIAcore® instrument.
  • binding properties are evaluated by changes in surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It is convenient to bind the antibody under investigation to the solid phase (called chip) and to assess its binding by applying the antigen in question to this coated chip.
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • the term “replaced by each other” with respect to corresponding heavy and light chain domains refers to the aforementioned domain crossovers.
  • CHI and CL domains are “replaced by each other” it is referred to the domain crossover mentioned under item (i) and the resulting heavy and light chain domain sequence.
  • VH and VL are “replaced by each other” it is referred to the domain crossover mentioned under item (ii); and when the CHI and CL domains are “replaced by each other” and the VH and VL domains are “replaced by each other” it is referred to the domain crossover mentioned under item (iii).
  • Multispecific antibodies also comprise in certain embodiments at least one Fab fragment including either a domain crossover of the CHI and the CL domains as mentioned under item (i) above, or a domain crossover of the VH and the VL domains as mentioned under item (ii) above, or a domain crossover of the VH-CH1 and the VL-VL domains as mentioned under item (iii) above.
  • the Fabs specifically binding to the same antigen(s) are constructed to be of the same domain sequence.
  • said Fab(s) specifically bind to the same antigen.
  • an antigen refers to a predetermined target to which an antibody can selectively bind.
  • An antigen can be a polypeptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, hapten, or fragment thereof, or other naturally occurring or synthetic compound.
  • the antigen is a polypeptide.
  • the antigen is of therapeutic relevance.
  • the antigen is specific for or allows delivery to a specific area in the body, such as to a particular organ or cell type or diseased area. This may be a specific structure on the surface of a cell such as a receptor or a tumor marker.
  • the antigen is human transferrin receptor.
  • the antibody comprises two pairs each of a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein each of the heavy chains or/and the light chains comprises the one or more first recognition sites, or (ii) the antibody comprises two pairs each of a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein one of the heavy chains or/and the light chains comprises the one or more first recognition sites, or (iii) the antibody comprises one pair of a heavy chain and a light chain and one additional heavy chain Fc-region, wherein the heavy chain or/and the heavy chain Fc-region fragment or the light chain comprises the one or more first recognition sites.
  • the modified antibody includes one or more recognition sites for KalbTG in the heavy chain polypeptide and/or the light chain polypeptide.
  • the recognition site includes a motif for KalbTG, wherein KalbTG can catalyze the formation of an isopeptide bond between the modified antibody and a compound (payload) to be coupled to the modified antibody.
  • the isopeptide bond is formed between a glutamine (Gin, Q) side chain and a lysine (Lys, K) side chain.
  • the modification introduced into an antibody to obtain the modified antibody of the present invention includes the generation of a (artificial) Q- tag, i.e.
  • the one or more first KalbTG recognition sites independently of each other in certain embodiments comprise or have a Gin-containing motif, especially the sequence RYGQR (SEQ ID NO: 11), RWRQR (SEQ ID NO: 12), YRQRT (SEQ ID NO: 13), IRQRQ (SEQ ID NO: 14), FRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 15), or YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17), particularly YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17).
  • the Q-tag may be generated by one or more amino acid modifications, such as substitutions or insertions, preferably insertions.
  • the Q-tag is generated by insertion of and/or replacement by an amino acid sequence comprising YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17) or RVRQR (SEQ ID NO: 18), especially YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17).
  • the inserted amino acid sequence has a length of 5 to 20 amino acids and comprises YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17) or RVRQR (SEQ ID NO: 18), especially YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17).
  • the insertion is a Q-tag motif without linkers, i.e.
  • the insertion is consisting of YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17) or RVRQR (SEQ ID NO: 18), particularly YRYRQ (SEQ ID NO: 17).
  • the introduction of the one or more recognition sites for KalbTG may be the only modifications in the constant regions of the light and/or heavy chains. Alternatively further modifications may be present, such as a tag for purification (e.g. a His-tag) or other modifications, e.g. for increasing stability or heterodimerization or effector function modification, either alone or in any combination.
  • the one or more first recognition site(s) for KalbTG are inserted into the antibody at specific sites, namely at one or more of the positions selected from position 110 (LC110), 143 (LC143) and 214 (LC214) of the light chain and position 118 (HC118), 177 (HC177), 297 (HC297), 341 (HC341) and 401 (HC401) of the heavy chain, particularly HC177 and/or HC297 and/or LC214.
  • the modified antibody of the present invention may include a further (second) recognition site for KalbTG at position 446 (HC446) of the heavy chain, i.e. at the C-terminal end, particularly for coupling to a domain different from that coupled at the first recognition site.
  • the one or more first recognition sites are independently of each other at position 177 (HC177) or 297 (HC297) of the heavy chain or at position 214 (LC214) of the light chain.
  • the Q-tag is inserted into the antibody light/heavy chain amino acid sequence interspaced between/via one or two linker(s).
  • the linkers may increase flexibility or allow for conjugation to larger payloads.
  • each linker sequence comprises independently of each other between 1 to 20 amino acids, in certain embodiments 1 to 10 amino acids, in further embodiments 1 to 5 amino acids, and said linker do not interfere essentially with the function of the Q-tag, the KalbTG, the folding of the antibody and the payload to be attached to the modified antibody.
  • the linker may be N- and/or C-terminally attached to the Q-tag.
  • the linker amino acids are small amino acids, like glycine or serine.
  • Amino acid linkers and their compositions are known in the art (see, e.g., Chichili et al.).
  • Amino acids glycine, serine, alanine, threonine and glutamate usually constitute amino acids of flexible linkers.
  • the linker(s) may consist primarily or fully of Gly and/or Ser and/or Ala and/or Thr and/or Glu, such as GGGP (SEQ ID NO: 20), ESGS (SEQ ID NO: 21) or APAP (SEQ ID NO: 22).
  • a linker comprising or consisting of KESGSVSSEQLAQFRSLD (SEQ ID NO: 23) or EGKSSGSGSESKST (SEQ ID NO: 24) may be present.
  • the insertion is of the amino acid sequence X1-YRYRQ-X2 (SEQ ID NO: 17) or X1-RVRQR-X2 (SEQ ID NO: 18) into the antibody.
  • X1 and X2 are independently from each other absent or a linker, particularly linker amino acids.
  • the insertion is of a Q-tag motif with two flexible linkers, particularly GGGSYRYRQGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25) or GGGSRVRQRGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 26), especially GGGSYRYRQGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25).
  • An exemplary Fc-region including part of the hinge region with (SEQ ID NO: 32, referred to as 113) and without (SEQ ID NO: 33, referred to as 110) a first recognition site (in bold) has the following sequences:
  • the present invention relates to one or more nucleic acids coding for the chains of the modified antibody according to the present invention.
  • the nucleic acid encoding the modified antibody of the present invention can be isolated or generated in vitro to produce the antibody recombinantly.
  • the nucleic acid may be inserted into a replicable vector for further cloning (amplification of DNA) or for further expression.
  • Nucleic acid has the meaning of comprehensively including DNA (gDNA and cDNA) and RNA molecules, and nucleotides, which are basic structural units in nucleic acids, include not only natural nucleotides, but also analogs with modified sugar or base sites.
  • the sequence of the nucleic acid encoding the heavy and light chain variable regions of the present invention can be modified. Such modifications include additions, deletions, or non-conservative or conservative substitutions of nucleotides as long as the encoded sequence is not changed.
  • the DNA encoding the modified antibody according to the invention can be isolated or synthesized using conventional procedures (e.g., by using an oligonucleotide probe capable of specifically binding to DNA encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody).
  • Vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: signal sequence, origin of replication, one or more marker genes, enhancer elements, promoters, and transcription termination sequences.
  • vector refers to a plasmid vector as a means for expressing a gene of interest in a host cell; Cosmid vector; viral vectors such as bacteriophage vectors, adenovirus vectors, retroviral vectors and adeno-associated viral vectors, and the like.
  • the nucleic acid encoding the modified antibody in the vector is operably linked to a promoter and a polyadenylation signal sequence.
  • “Operatively linked” refers to a functional linkage between a nucleic acid expression control sequence (e.g., a promoter, a signal sequence, or an array of transcriptional regulatory factor binding sites) and another nucleic acid sequence, whereby the control sequence controls the other nucleic acid’s transcription and/or translation.
  • a nucleic acid expression control sequence e.g., a promoter, a signal sequence, or an array of transcriptional regulatory factor binding sites
  • promoters derived from the genome of mammalian cells e.g., metallothionine promoter, ⁇ -actin promoter, human hemoglobin promoter, and human muscle creatine promoter
  • mammalian promoters derived from animal viruses e.g., adenovirus late promoter, vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter, SV40 promoter, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, tk promoter of HSV, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter, LTR promoter of HIV, Moloney virus promoter, Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) promoter and Rouse Sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter
  • a polyadenylation signal sequence is present after the encoding nucleic acid as a transcription termination sequence.
  • Cells may be transformed with the aforementioned vectors.
  • the cells used to generate the antibodies of the present invention may be prokaryotic, yeast or higher eukaryotic cells, but are not limited thereto.
  • the host cell is a CHO cell.
  • the present invention relates to a covalent conjugate comprising the (i) the modified antibody according to the invention and (ii) one or more non- antibody (payload) domain(s) covalently conjugated to the one or more (first) recognition site(s) for KalbTG, wherein the non-antibody domain comprises a complementary second recognition site for KalbTG.
  • the non-antibody domain is a therapeutic moiety comprising a therapeutic entity and optionally a second linker.
  • the modified antibody of the present invention is provided for conjugating one or more payloads, such as, e.g., therapeutic moieties, specifically to one or more internal site(s) of the antibody with the aid of KalbTG.
  • an ADC is obtained, which may be used in the targeted therapy.
  • the conjugate is capable of binding to a target of interest and thereby transports the payload, e.g., the therapeutic moiety, to the intended area in the body.
  • the modified antibody according to the current invention recognizes a target and binds thereto with its complementarity determining regions (CDRs), particularly wherein the target is a biomolecule present on a cell.
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • a therapeutic moiety may be desirable to target a therapeutic moiety to a specific area in a patient’s body. This may improve in vivo distribution and reduce adverse side effects. Evidently, it may be intended to deliver a therapeutic moiety to an area, which is otherwise hard to reach. As an example, it may be envisioned to direct a therapeutic moiety into the brain. Due to the blood-brain-barrier, it is difficult to deliver a “naked” therapeutic moiety thereto, if not administered directly into the brain, especially in case the therapeutic moiety exceeds certain size limitations. Therapeutic approaches aiding in overcoming the blood-brain-barrier and transporting the therapeutic moiety into the brain are evidently of advantage. Markedly, the same approach may be used to direct a therapeutic to another area in the body.
  • the molecular recognition units of antibodies specifically binding to structures in the body are employed in the targeting of the therapeutic moiety.
  • the therapeutic entity may be any compound useful in the treatment or prevention of the disease of interest, especially a compound, which is to be delivered to a specific area in the body, such as to a particular organ or cell type or diseased area.
  • treat are meant to include alleviating or abrogating a condition, disorder, or disease, or one or more of the symptoms associated with the condition, disorder, or disease; or alleviating or eradicating the cause(s) of the condition, disorder, or disease itself.
  • prevent are meant to include a method of delaying and/or precluding the onset of a condition, disorder, or disease, and/or its attendant symptoms; barring a subject from acquiring a condition, disorder, or disease; or reducing a subject’s risk of acquiring a condition, disorder, or disease.
  • a non-antibody payload comprising a therapeutic entity and optionally a second linker is covalently conjugated to the modified antibody of the invention.
  • the therapeutic moiety comprises the active therapeutic entity or a prodrug.
  • a second linker may be present.
  • the second linker may be a chemical linker comprising, e.g., alkyl groups or polyethylene groups, or a peptidic linker.
  • the therapeutic entity is a nucleic acid, such as RNA, siRNA or ASO (anti- sense oligonucleotide), particularly an ASO comprising LNA nucleotides; and/or the therapeutic entity is a toxin or a small organic molecule or an immune modulator.
  • RNA Ribonucleic acid
  • siRNA Ribonucleic acid
  • ASO anti- sense oligonucleotide
  • the therapeutic entity is a toxin or a small organic molecule or an immune modulator.
  • the therapeutic entity is a nucleic acid.
  • the nucleic acid is DNA or RNA or a mixture thereof.
  • RNA also includes anti-sense RNAs as well as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which is a class of double- stranded, non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20-24 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading mRNA after transcription, thereby preventing translation.
  • the nucleic acid comprises one or more locked nucleic acid (LNA).
  • LNA is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon.
  • the bridge "locks" the ribose in the 3'-endo (North) conformation.
  • This structure can be attributed to the increased stability against enzymatic degradation; moreover, the structure of LNA has improved specificity and affinity as a monomer or a constituent of an oligonucleotide.
  • the LNA nucleotide is mixed with DNA or RNA residues in the oligonucleotide or nucleic acid.
  • the therapeutic entity may be a small molecule.
  • a small molecule In the field of pharmacology, a small molecule is of low molecular weight ( ⁇ 2,500 Daltons, particularly ⁇ 1,000 Daltons).
  • Many small molecule therapeutic entities are small organic molecules. Small organic molecules typically bind specific biological macromolecules and act as an effector, altering the activity or function of the target. These compounds can be natural (such as primary and secondary metabolites) or artificial (i.e. not naturally occurring); they have a beneficial effect against a disease.
  • the therapeutic entity is a non-antibody domain, which is covalently coupled to the modified antibody of the invention, optionally via a second linker.
  • the linker may depend on the intended target and therapeutic entity, as the length, rigidity and chemical composition of the linker may influence the conjugation reaction rates and the stability of the resulting conjugates.
  • the (second) linker is an alkyl linker or a polyethylene linker or a peptidic linker or a mixture thereof.
  • the (second) linker comprises ethylene glycol (PEG) units, such as about 2 to 50 ethylene glycol units.
  • the (second) linker is an aliphatic carbon chain.
  • the linker may comprise an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, such as an unsubstituted or substituted C 1-6 alkyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonylalkoxy, acylamino, amino, aminoacyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, azido, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, thiol, thioalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heterocyclyl, aminosulfonyl,
  • the conjugate comprises a modified antibody according to the present invention and one or more therapeutic nucleic acids, such as ASOs, wherein each therapeutic nucleic acid is linked to a single Q-tag via an isopeptide bond and, optionally, an amide bond to the terminal residue of the K-tag via a second linker, especially a PEG linker, as defined above.
  • ASOs therapeutic nucleic acids
  • the conjugate has a DAR ranging from about 1 to about 8, from about 1 to about 4, or from about 1 to about 2. In another embodiment, the conjugate has a DAR of about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, or about 8.
  • the conjugate Upon binding of the antibody to the target, the conjugate is transported into the respective cell by endocytosis, the therapeutic entity is released and can act in the intended manner (e.g., treat a disease).
  • the modified antibody recognizes one target and said target is a receptor inducing receptor-mediated endocytosis, such as, e.g., the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), the human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), the human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), or the human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), particularly TfR1.
  • a receptor inducing receptor-mediated endocytosis such as, e.g., the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), the human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), the human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), or the human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), particularly TfR1.
  • TfR1 human transferrin receptor 1
  • IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
  • LRP1 human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
  • LRP8 human low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
  • the conjugate upon binding of the antibody to the target, the conjugate is transported into the respective cell by endocytosis, released from the endosome and exocytosed again from the cell. If the cell is part of a barrier, such as the blood-brain-barrier, thereby transport across the respective barrier is achieved. Thereby, the therapeutic entity is transported to a compartment of the body, which could not have been reached by the therapeutic entity not conjugated to the modified antibody according to the invention.
  • a barrier such as the blood-brain-barrier
  • the modified antibody specifically binds to a structure, which allows crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
  • the structure allowing the crossing of the blood-brain-barrier is the human transferrin receptor.
  • the modified antibody recognizes one or two target(s) and said one or two targets is/are specific for a specific cell type, such as a tumor marker being specific for a tumor cell, such a breast cancer cell.
  • the modified antibody according to the invention is conjugated to a non- antibody domain comprising a therapeutic entity comprising RNA or LNA for treating or preventing a brain disease, such a Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease, and optionally a PEG linker.
  • the present invention relates to a method of covalently conjugating a modified antibody according to the current invention to a therapeutic entity, the method comprising a) providing the modified antibody according to the current invention, b) providing a non-antibody domain, wherein the non-antibody domain comprises (i) a therapeutic entity, (ii) a second recognition site for KalbTG, which is complementary to the first recognition site present in the modified antibody provided under (i), in one preferred embodiment the second recognition site comprises or has a Lys-containing motif, especially the sequence RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16), and
  • the modified antibody of the present invention and the non-antibody domain are provided.
  • the non-antibody domain comprises
  • a second recognition site for KalbTG which is complementary to the first recognition site present in the modified antibody, i.e. in case the modified antibody comprises a Q-tag the non-antibody domain comprises a K-tag or vice versa, especially wherein the second recognition site comprises or has a Lys- containing motif, especially the sequence RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16) (K-tag), and
  • the domains may be as defined above.
  • the modified antibody and the non-antibody domain are incubated, i.e. reacted, in the presence of KalbTG or a functionally active variant or fragment thereof (that means a variant or fragment of KalbTG that has a comparable enzymatic activity as the wild-type KalbTG) and under conditions conducive to the activity of KalbTG, thereby an isopeptide bond between the first and the second recognition site is formed, thus conjugating the modified antibody to the therapeutic entity.
  • KalbTG or a functionally active variant or fragment thereof that means a variant or fragment of KalbTG that has a comparable enzymatic activity as the wild-type KalbTG
  • the antibody comprises one or more Q-tag(s), which is/are conjugated using the enzymatic activity of KalbTG to the respective one or more K- tags.
  • the non-antibody domain comprises a second recognition site for KalbTG.
  • the non-antibody domain comprises a K-tag having at least 80% sequence identity to the peptide sequence RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16).
  • Microbial transglutaminases including KalbTG catalyze the formation of Gln-Lys isopeptide bonds and are widely used for the cross-linking of proteins and peptides in food and biotechnological applications (e.g. to improve the texture of protein-rich foods or in generating antibody-drug conjugates).
  • KalbTG exhibits essentially no cross-reactivity with known mTG substrates or commonly used target proteins, such as antibodies and therefore allows for the specific conjugation at predetermined sites.
  • any payload comprising a second recognition site (K-tag) for KalbTG, especially wherein the second recognition site comprises or has a Lys- containing motif, especially the sequence RYESK (SEQ ID NO: 16), may be conjugated / coupled to the modified antibody at the one or more first recognition site(s), i.e. Q-tags.
  • KalbTG or a functionally active variant or fragment thereof may be as defined in Steffen at al. (2017) or as in WO 2016/100735 A1, both expressly incorporated by reference herein.
  • the functionally active variant or fragment may be a transglutaminase having at least 80%, 90%, 95% or 99% sequence identity to the KalbTG of WO 2016/100735 A1 (see SEQ ID NO: 6 therein).
  • the KalbTG or a functionally active variant thereof may be part of a fusion protein additionally comprising a label such as a tag, e.g. for purification purposes.
  • the KalbTG comprises the amino acid sequence (in three- letter code)
  • said coupling is controlled and, for example, achieved in a stoichiometric ratio of non-antibody domain and modified antibody, for example at about 1 : 1 per Q-tag/K-tag pair.
  • Multiple conjugation can also be achieved by using more than one first recognition sites on one modified antibody in order to attach two or even multiple payloads to the modified antibody.
  • the covalent conjugate comprising the modified antibody of the present invention or produced according to the method of the present invention is for use as a medicament, particularly for use in treating a neurological disease or a brain disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease or for use in treating cancer, such as breast cancer.
  • a neurological disease or a brain disease such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease
  • cancer such as breast cancer.
  • the disease is a neurological disease.
  • the neurological disease is selected from the group consisting of a neuropathy disorder, a neurodegenerative disease, cancer, an ocular disease disorder, a seizure disorder, a lysosomal storage disease, amyloidosis, a viral or microbial disease, ischemia, a behavioral disorder, CNS inflammation, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, multiple sclerosis, CD20 positive cancer with brain metastases, and HER2 positive cancer with brain metastases.
  • the neurological disease is selected from the group consisting of a neuropathy disorder, a neurodegenerative disease, cancer, an ocular disease disorder, a seizure disorder, a lysosomal storage disease, amyloidosis, a viral or microbial disease, ischemia, a behavioral disorder, and CNS inflammation.
  • the conjugates comprising the modified antibody according to the invention may be used as a medicament, particularly in the treatment of a neurological disease or a brain disease, in one preferred embodiment of Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease, or for use in treating cancer, such as breast cancer.
  • the conjugate may be encompassed in a composition.
  • a composition also referred to as pharmaceutical composition, is a composition intended for use in the pharmaceutical field or as pharmaceutic and refers to a preparation, which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of an active ingredient contained therein to be effective, and which contains no additional components, which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the pharmaceutical composition would be administered.
  • the composition may optionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent or carrier, such as buffer substances, stabilizers or preservative and optionally further active ingredients, especially ingredients known in connection with pharmaceutical compositions.
  • compositions will depend on the particular form of pharmaceutical composition and the mode of administration being employed.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers enhance or stabilize the composition, or can be used to facilitate preparation of the composition.
  • Such carriers may include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, solvents, dispersion media, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible as well as combinations thereof.
  • the formulation should suit the mode of administration.
  • parenteral formulations usually comprise injectable fluids that include pharmaceutically and physiologically acceptable fluids such as water, physiological saline, balanced salt solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol or the like as a vehicle.
  • pharmaceutical compositions to be administered can contain minor amounts of non-toxic auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and pH buffering agents and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a stabilizer.
  • stabilizer refers to a substance, which protects the composition from adverse conditions, such as those, which occur during heating or freezing, and/or prolongs the stability or shelf-life of the conjugate of the invention in a condition or state.
  • stabilizers include, but are not limited to, sugars, such as sucrose, lactose and mannose; sugar alcohols, such as mannitol; amino acids, such as glycine or glutamic acid; and proteins, such as human serum albumin or gelatin.
  • a therapeutically effective dose or efficacious dose of the conjugate is employed in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • the amount of conjugate administered can be initially determined based on guidance of a dose and/or dosage regimen of a comparable uncoupled therapeutic.
  • the conjugates can provide for targeted delivery, thus providing for at least one of reduced dose or reduced administrations in a dosage regimen.
  • the conjugates can provide for reduced dose and/or reduced administration in a dosage regimen relative to the therapeutic prior to being in a conjugate of the present invention.
  • dosages of conjugates can be calculated based on the number of drug molecules provided on a per antibody-therapeutic entity conjugate basis.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be administered once or several times or on multiple occasions.
  • the frequency of administration of a conjugate can vary depending on any of a variety of factors, e.g., severity of the symptoms, etc.
  • the conjugate is administered one per six months, once per five months, once per four months one per three months, once every two months, once per month, twice per month, three times per month, every other week (qow), once per week (qw), twice per week (biw), three times per week (tiw), four times per week, five times per week, six times per week, every other day (qod), daily (qd), twice a day (qid), or three times a day (tid).
  • the conjugate or pharmaceutical composition of the invention is administered simultaneously with one or more additional compounds. In certain embodiments, the conjugate or pharmaceutical composition of the invention is administered before or after the additional compound(s).
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be used as a medicament for treating an individual.
  • the individual is a mammal. Mammals include, but are not limited to, domesticated animals (e.g., cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses), primates (e.g., humans and non-human primates such as monkeys), rabbits, and rodents (e.g., mice and rats).
  • domesticated animals e.g., cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses
  • primates e.g., humans and non-human primates such as monkeys
  • rabbits e.g., mice and rats
  • rodents e.g., mice and rats
  • compositions including a conjugate described herein can be delivered to a cell, group of cells, tumor, tissue, or subject using delivery technologies known in the art.
  • any suitable method recognized in the art for delivering the conjugate can be adapted for use with the herein described compositions.
  • delivery can be by local administration, (e.g., direct injection, implantation, or topical administering), systemic administration, or subcutaneous, intravenous, intraocular, intraperitoneal, or parenteral routes, including intracranial (e.g., intraventricular, intraparenchymal and intrathecal), or intramuscular administration.
  • the covalent conjugate of the present invention is preferably to be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or intraarterially, more preferably intravenously.
  • Unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
  • Examples of such unit dosage forms are injectable solutions or suspensions and the like.
  • the conjugate/pharmaceutical composition of the invention is particularly useful in treating a neurological disease or a brain disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease.
  • the term “neurological diseases” encompasses, among others, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases or seizure disorders, particularly of the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. There are many parallels between different neurodegenerative disorders including atypical protein assemblies as well as induced cell death.
  • Neurodegeneration can further be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic.
  • the terms “Neurodegenerative diseases” and “Neuroinflammatory diseases” have a partially overlapping scope. Inflammatory responses are a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease and participate, or contribute, through different mechanisms in the neuronal cell death. The tryptophan catabolism along the Kynurenine pathway (KP) represents one of these mechanisms.
  • Seizure disorders are brain disorders, which are characterized by abnormal signaling between brain cells. Seizure disorders can affect part of the brain (partial seizures) or the entire brain (generalized seizures). The most prominent seizure disorder is epilepsy.
  • a receptor mediating receptor-induced endocytosis may be used as a target for the conjugate.
  • examples thereof include transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) or low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), particularly TfRl.
  • TfR1 transferrin receptor 1
  • IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
  • LRP1 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
  • LRP8 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
  • Figure 1 illustrates the hydrophobic interaction chromatography of mAb-2 (HER2) with 9 different Q-tag insertion sites, conjugated to a single stranded nucleic acid with 15 residues.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary reaction for a single step KalbTG-mediated conjugation of a mAb with nucleic acid payload.
  • Desired gene segments were prepared by chemical synthesis and the synthesized gene fragments were cloned into a suitable vector for expression in HEK293 and Expi293 cells by Twist Bioscience (San Francisco, US).
  • the protein titer of supernatant samples was determined by affinity chromatography using a POROS A 20 ⁇ m column, 2.1 x 30 mm (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) on a High Performance Liquid Chromatography system (Ultimate 3000 HPLC system, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
  • the supernatant was loaded onto the column equilibrated with 0.2 M Na 2 HPO 4 , pH 7.4, followed by elution with 0.1 M citric acid, 0.2 M NaCl, pH 2.5.
  • Titers were quantified by measuring absorption at 280 nm, and subsequently calculating the protein concentration by comparing the elution peak area (under the curve) of the analyte with a reference standard curve.
  • Antibodies in the culture supernatant were captured by Protein A affinity chromatography using a Mab Select SuRe column (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA), equilibrated with PBS buffer, pH 7.4. Unbound protein was removed by washing with equilibration buffer.
  • the modified antibody was eluted with 50 mM citrate, pH 3.0 and the pH of the eluate was immediately adjusted to pH 7.5 by addition of 2 M Tris, pH 9.0.
  • Size exclusion chromatography using a Superdex 200TM column (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) in 20 mM Histidine, 140 mM NaCl, pH 6.0 was performed as second purification step. Purified modified antibodies were stored at -80 °C.
  • Antibodies were purified in one step using Protein A affinity chromatography as described above, using MabSelectSuRe-Sepharose (Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, USA) on a liquid handling system (Tecan, Mannedorf, Switzerland), equipped with columns from Repligen (Waltham, MA, USA). Equilibration, sample loading, and washing steps were performed as described, and 25 mM citrate, pH 3.0 was used to elute the antibodies from the column. The eluted antibody fractions were neutralized with 1.5 M Tris, pH 7.5 and the concentration was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 280 nm.
  • OD optical density
  • anti-HER2 antibody based on IgGl subclass with P329G/L234A/L235A mutation; Q-tag insertion into HC after amino acid residue 177 (HC177) (EU numbering); Q-tag and spacer sequence: GGGSYRYRQGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25)
  • Antibody 113 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
  • Table 1 Expression yield of different antibodies with Q-tags inserted at various positions.
  • the expression of the modified antibody is influenced by the position of the introduced Q-tag. Introduction after position LC110, LC214, HC118, HC177, HC297, HC341 and HC401 resulted in the highest yields.
  • Example 2 Expression yield of different antibodies with Q-tags inserted at various positions. The expression of the modified antibody is influenced by the position of the introduced Q-tag. Introduction after position LC110, LC214, HC118, HC177, HC297, HC341 and HC401 resulted in the highest yields.
  • Example 2 Example 2
  • conjugation buffer histidine buffer comprising NaCl, pH 8.5
  • K-tagged small molecule fluorescent dye, 10x molar excess
  • KalbTG was added (molar ratio mAb:KalbTG > 100:1).
  • the reaction mixture was incubated at 37 °C with shaking, and the reaction was subsequently quenched by adding 10 mM ammonium sulfate to the solution.
  • the conjugated modified antibody was purified by size exclusion chromatography using a Superdex 200TM column (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) in PBS pH 7.5. The purified conjugates were stored at -80 °C.
  • Protein quantification was performed with a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). In addition, qualitative DAR measurements were carried out by hydrophobic interaction chromatography as described in Example 4 below. The purity of the conjugates was analyzed by CE-SDS under denaturing and reducing conditions using a Caliper LabChip® GXII TouchTM protein characterization system according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
  • Aggregate content was determined by SEC using a TSKgel UP-SW3000 analytical size-exclusion column (Tosoh Bioscience, Griesheim, Germany), equilibrated with 0.2 M K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 , 0.25 M KC1, pH 6.2, on a High Performance Liquid Chromatography system (Ultimate 3000 HPLC system, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
  • conjugates were confirmed by ESI-Q-ToF-MS (Bruker maXis 433, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA).
  • MS analysis the samples were deglycosylated using N-glycosidase F (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and subsequently desalted into 2% formic acid, 40% acetonitrile.
  • LNA oligonucleotides Single-stranded LNA oligonucleotides were synthesized using standard phosphoramidite chemistry. DNA and LNA phosphoramidites and all standard reagents were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). K-tag peptides were custom synthesized by Schafer-N Aps (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Biosyntan (Berlin, Germany).
  • Oligonucleotides were synthesized on NittoPhase HL UnyLinker 350 support (Kinovate, Oceanside, CA) on an AKTA Oligopilot (GE Healthcare, Brondby, Denmark) at 130 mmol scale. After synthesis, the oligonucleotides were cleaved from the support overnight. The oligonucleotides were purified by ion exchange chromatography and desalted using a Millipore membrane. After lyophilization, the compounds were finally characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (reverse phase and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry).
  • the oligonucleotides were conjugated either to the respective linker for conjugating to the K-tag (1-step reaction) or to the acceptor part for Click chemistry conjugation (2-step reaction).
  • the conjugates were then subjected directly to purification by reversed phase HPLC as described below.
  • conjugation buffer histidine buffer comprising about 150 mM chloride ions, pH 7.5
  • the antibody was mixed with excess of K-tagged oligonucleotide and KalbTG (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was added.
  • the reaction mixture was incubated at 37 °C with shaking, and the reaction was subsequently quenched by adding 10 mM ammonium sulfate to the solution.
  • the conjugated modified antibody was purified by size exclusion chromatography using a Superdex 200TM column (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) in PBS, 250 mM arginine, pH 7.5.
  • the purified conjugates were stored at -80 °C.
  • conjugation buffer histidine buffer comprising NaCl, pH 8.5
  • K-tagged linker comprising the first part of Click conjugation (10x molar excess)
  • KalbTG was added.
  • the reaction mixture was incubated at 37 °C with shaking, and the reaction was subsequently quenched by adding 10 mM ammonium sulfate to the solution.
  • the conjugated modified antibody was purified by size exclusion chromatography using a Superdex 200TM column (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) in PBS, 250 mM arginine, pH 7.5.
  • the purified antibody-linker conjugate was added to excess of the oligonucleotide conjugated to the respective other part of Click conjugation in PBS, 250 mM arginine, pH 7.5 and the reaction mixture was incubated over night at room temperature with shaking.
  • the antibody- oligonucleotide conjugate was purified by size exclusion chromatography as described above and purified conjugates were stored at -80 °C.
  • oligonucleotide conjugates Quantification of oligonucleotide conjugates was performed by UV/Vis spectrometry at 260, 280, and 350 nm with the SoloVPE system (C Technologies, Bridgewater, NJ, USA). Conjugate concentrations and a quantitative Drug-to- Antibody Ratio (DAR) were calculated with the Lambert-Beer equation. In addition, qualitative DAR measurements were carried out by hydrophobic interaction chromatography as described in Example 4 below. The purity of the conjugates was analyzed by CE-SDS under denaturing and reducing conditions using a Caliper LabChip® GXII TouchTM protein characterization system (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
  • Aggregate content was determined by SEC using a TSKgel UP-SW3000 analytical size-exclusion column (Tosoh Bioscience, Griesheim, Germany), equilibrated with 0.2 M K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 , 0.25 M KC1, pH 6.2, on a High Performance Liquid Chromatography system (Ultimate 3000 HPLC system, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The identity of the conjugates was confirmed by ESI-Q-ToF-MS (Bruker maXis 433, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA).
  • Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography was performed on a High Performance Liquid Chromatography system (Ultimate 3000 HPLC system, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) using a TSKgel Butyl-NPR column (2.5 ⁇ m, 4.6 x 35 mm, TOSOH Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min.
  • the column was equilibrated with Eluent A (20 mM Na 2 HPO 4 dihydrate, 1.5 M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , pH 7.0) and 60 ⁇ g of each sample was loaded onto the column. Subsequently, a gradient between Eluent A and Eluent B (20 mM Na 2 HPO 4 dihydrate, 25 % (v/v) isopropanol, pH 7.0) was applied.
  • the elution profile was obtained by continuous measurement of the absorbance at 280 nm.
  • Drug to antibody ratios were determined by peak integration using Chromeleon 7.2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). An exemplary result is shown in Figure 1.
  • Table 5 Retention times of modified antibodies conjugated to a nucleic acid consisting of 15 nucleotides (mAb-2) and 20 nucleotides (mAb-4).
  • the hydrophilic marker had a retention time of 9.25 min. and the hydrophobic marker had a relative retention time of 25.9 min. (mAb-2) or of 9.00 min. and 24.7 min. (mAb-4), respectively.
  • the hydrophobicity of the conjugate is influenced by the position of the introduced Q-tag. Introduction after position LC110, LC214 and HC297 resulted at most in a 2- fold change of non-conjugated to conjugated modified antibody, whereas HC177 had the smallest relative retention time of all tested internal insertion sites.
  • All compounds are based on a one-armed anti-transferrin receptor antibody comprising a cognate pair of a full-length antibody light chain and a full-length antibody heavy chain pair with an antibody Fc-region fragment (hinge - CH2 - CH3;
  • the Q-tag had the amino acid sequence GGGSYRYRQGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 25) inserted after the respective position.
  • Compound 2 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC118 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 3 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC177 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 4 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC295 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 5 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC297 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 6 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC341 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 7 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC401 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 8 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC446 of the full-length heavy chain
  • Compound 9 one nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position LC214
  • Compound 10 two nucleic acids conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC297 of the full-length heavy chain and the Fc-region fragment
  • Compound 11 two nucleic acids conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC341 of the full-length heavy chain and the Fc-region fragment
  • Compound 12 two nucleic acid conjugated to the Q-tag inserted after position HC446 of the full-length heavy chain and the Fc-region fragment
  • the compounds were formulated as a solution in 20 mM Histidine (pH 6) and administered intravenously as a single nominal dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight and a dosing volume of 2 mL/kg (exceptionally Compound 1 was administered in a dose volume of 3.3 mL/kg and a dose level of 16.7 mg/kg).
  • the formulations were each injected by slow bolus in one of the two lateral tail veins.
  • Serial microsampling of blood (20 pL/time point/mouse) was performed by tail vein puncture. Blood samples were collected at 5 min, 1 h, 7 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 336 h post dose into K3- EDTA coated Minivette® POCT.
  • PK pharmacokinetics
  • a generic electrochemiluminescense immunoassay (ECLIA) method specific for human CH2 domains on a cobas® e411 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) instrument under non-GLP conditions based on Stubenrauch et al. was used. Briefly, test samples, were added stepwise with a first detection antibody (biotinylated), second detection antibody (ruthenylated) and SA-beads to a detection vessel. The calibration range of the specific standard curves for each of the compounds was 0.69 ng/mL to 1,500 ng/mL assay concentration in 1 % C57BL/6 mouse plasma. The analytical sensitivity was 69 ng/mL in 100 % plasma. Standard curves, quality controls and sample dilutions were prepared in assay buffer including C57BL/6 mouse plasma resulting in 1 % matrix concentration. Plasma samples were analyzed in two different dilutions (1 : 100 to 1 : 800).
  • the identical plasma samples were analyzed using a hybridization enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (hELISA) under non-GLP conditions.
  • hELISA hybridization enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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