WO2023116702A1 - pH敏感的破膜聚肽及其应用 - Google Patents

pH敏感的破膜聚肽及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2023116702A1
WO2023116702A1 PCT/CN2022/140396 CN2022140396W WO2023116702A1 WO 2023116702 A1 WO2023116702 A1 WO 2023116702A1 CN 2022140396 W CN2022140396 W CN 2022140396W WO 2023116702 A1 WO2023116702 A1 WO 2023116702A1
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polypeptide
membrane
breaking
pharmaceutically acceptable
stereoisomer
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PCT/CN2022/140396
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English (en)
French (fr)
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熊梦华
李�杰
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华南理工大学
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Priority to CN202280005645.7A priority Critical patent/CN116635080A/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of polymer materials and medicines, in particular to a pH-sensitive membrane-breaking polypeptide and its application.
  • Some amphiphilic polymers with cationic groups can kill pathogens such as tumor cells and bacteria by destroying cell membranes. This form of killing that does not rely on metabolic pathways has the advantages of broad-spectrum killing effects and is not easy to produce drug resistance. It has broad application prospects in the treatment of infectious diseases.
  • the interaction between the membrane-breaking polymer material and the cell membrane is mainly through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. First, the cationic domain of the polymer and the negatively charged cell membrane electrostatic interaction are used to bind to the surface of the cell membrane, and then the hydrophobic domain of the polymer is inserted into the lipid layer of the cell membrane. , forming irreparable membrane damage on the cell membrane, thereby killing the cell.
  • amphiphilic conformation composed of cationic groups and hydrophobic groups is the key structure for the interaction between macromolecular materials and cell membranes, and it is also an important cause of cytotoxicity to normal tissue cells.
  • the ratio of the two structures is very important for its interaction with the cell membrane.
  • pure cationic polymers are easy to bind to the cell membrane but difficult to insert into the cell membrane, while polymers with a hydrophobic structure are difficult to bind to the surface of the cell membrane and cannot effectively damage the cell membrane.
  • the research group has previously prepared a polymethacrylate polymer material with a tertiary amine side chain that has membrane-breaking activity.
  • the main chain of polymethacrylate is difficult to degrade, and long-term use can easily cause toxicity when accumulated in the body.
  • the present invention provides a pH-sensitive membrane-breaking polypeptide material with side groups containing tertiary amines and hydrophobic groups.
  • the macromolecular material is hydrophobic and electrically neutral at normal physiological pH, and its interaction with cell membranes Weak; under slightly acidic pH conditions, it can be protonated to form an amphiphilic structure composed of a hydrophobic domain and a cationic domain, which has a strong interaction with the cell membrane and has strong membrane breaking activity, so it can kill efficiently and selectively Tumor cells or bacteria.
  • the present invention includes the following technical solutions.
  • R is selected from: -R 3 -N(R 4 R 5 ), -R 3 -R',
  • R' is selected from:
  • R 1 is selected from: alkylene
  • R 2 is selected from: C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 12 alkyl substituted by C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 12 alkyl substituted by benzyloxycarbonyl , 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl;
  • R 3 is selected from: alkylene, C 6 -C 14 aryl substituted alkylene;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from: alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl substituted alkyl, or R 3 , R 4 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form a heterocycloalkyl;
  • y is selected from: 2-150;
  • R 6 is selected from: C 1 -C 15 alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 6 -C 14 aryl substituted C 1 -C 15 alkyl;
  • n+m is greater than 0, and n is not 0;
  • q is selected from: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • the present invention also provides a membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticle, including the following technical solutions.
  • a membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticle is formed by self-assembling the above-mentioned membrane-breaking polypeptide in an aqueous medium.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing membrane-disrupting polypeptide nanoparticles, including the following technical solutions.
  • a method for preparing membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles comprising the following steps: dissolving the membrane-breaking polypeptide in an organic solvent or a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 1.5-2.5, and then adding the obtained solution dropwise into water under stirring , continue stirring, low-temperature dialysis to remove the solvent, and obtain the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned membrane-breaking polypeptide or membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles, including the following technical solutions.
  • membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticle in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the preparation of a drug for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the preparation of anti-bacterial infection medicine.
  • the present invention also provides a drug for preventing and/or treating tumors, including the following technical solutions.
  • a drug for preventing and/or treating tumors prepared from active ingredients and pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants and/or carriers, the active ingredients include the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutical Acceptable salts, and/or the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • the present invention also provides a combined drug for preventing and/or treating tumors, including the following technical solutions.
  • a combined drug for preventing and/or treating tumors the active ingredients of which include:
  • Component 1 the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and/or the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles;
  • Component 2 Antineoplastic drugs other than Component 1;
  • the component 1 and component 2 respectively become independent administration units, or the components 1 and 2 jointly form a combined administration unit.
  • the present invention also provides a drug for antibacterial infection, including the following technical solutions.
  • a drug against bacterial infection prepared from an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier, the active ingredient includes the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and/or the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • the present invention provides a membrane-breaking polypeptide material modified by tertiary amines.
  • the macromolecular material is hydrophobic and electrically neutral at normal physiological pH, and the polypeptide fragments are hydrophobic, and the interaction with the cell membrane is weak, so that it can It has the advantage of low toxicity to normal tissues during circulation in the body; under the slightly acidic pH conditions of tumor tissue or bacterial infection, the tertiary amine part of the macromolecular material will be protonated, so that the polypeptide fragments form hydrophobic domains and cations
  • the amphiphilic structure composed of domains makes it have a strong interaction with the cell membrane and a strong membrane breaking activity, so that it can kill tumor cells and bacteria efficiently and selectively.
  • the present invention also finds that the selectivity of the polypeptide containing the benzene ring structure can be improved.
  • the membrane-breaking polypeptide macromolecular material of the present invention can be used to prepare antitumor or antibacterial drugs, and has the advantages of good antitumor and antibacterial effects, high selectivity and low toxicity. And because the polymerized polypeptide has the advantages of degradability and no biotoxicity of the degradation product, it will have a wider range of biomedical applications.
  • Figure 1 is the gel permeation chromatogram of mPEG 44 -PLys(Z) 33 .
  • Figure 2 is the H NMR spectrum of mPEG 44 -PLys(Z) 33 .
  • Figure 3 is the H NMR spectrum of mPEG 44 -PLys 33 .
  • Figure 4 is the H NMR spectrum of DE-CDI.
  • Figure 5 is the H NMR spectrum of mPEG 44 -PLys-DE 33 .
  • Fig. 6 is the protonation curve (A) and the helicity change curve (B) of the tertiary amine-modified polypeptide in Example 1.
  • Fig. 7 is the H NMR spectra of peptides modified with different alkylene groups as R3 .
  • Fig. 8 is the protonation curve (A) and the helicity change curve (B) of R3 being different alkylene modified polypeptides.
  • Fig. 9 is a gel permeation chromatogram of DE tertiary amine-modified different polyethylene glycol-triggered polypeptides.
  • Figure 10 is the H NMR spectra of different polyethylene glycol-triggered peptides modified by DE tertiary amines.
  • Figure 11 is the protonation curves of PEG-initiated peptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Figure 12 is the H NMR spectra of mPEG 44 -PLys 86 modified with different tertiary amines.
  • Figure 13 is the protonation curve (A) and helicity curve (B) of mPEG 44 -PLys 86 modified with different tertiary amines.
  • Fig. 14 is a gel permeation chromatogram of peptides with different degrees of polymerization obtained by triggering Lys(Z)-NCA with mPEG 44 -NH 2 .
  • Figure 15 is the H NMR spectra of polylysine with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Fig. 16 is the protonation curve (A) and the helicity change curve (B) of the polypeptide mPEG 44 -PLys n -DB with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Fig. 17 is the H NMR spectra of C5P2 tertiary amine-modified polypeptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Fig. 18 is the H NMR spectra of C5P tertiary amine-modified polypeptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Figure 19 is the H NMR spectra of C6P tertiary amine-modified polypeptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Figure 20 is the H NMR spectra of DB tertiary amine modified polypeptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Fig. 21 is the H NMR spectra of DMP2 tertiary amine-modified polypeptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Figure 22 is the H NMR spectra of DMP tertiary amine modified polypeptides with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Figure 23 is the H NMR spectrum of mPEG 44 -PLys-CC6 86 .
  • Figure 24 is the protonation rate curve of mPEG 44 -PLys-CC6 86 .
  • FIG. 25 is a gel permeation chromatogram of mPEG 44 -PBLG 30 .
  • Figure 26 is the H NMR spectrum of mPEG 44 -PBLG 30 .
  • Figure 27 is the H NMR spectrum of mPEG 44 -PLG-DB 30 .
  • Fig. 28 is the protonation rate curve of mPEG 44 -PLG-DB 30 .
  • Figure 29 shows the hemolytic activity of polypeptides modified with different tertiary amines with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Fig. 32 is the 24h cell killing curves of mPEG 44 -PLys-C6P 10 on MC38 (A) and Panc02 (B) at different pHs.
  • Figure 33 is the 4h cell killing curves of mPEG 44 -PLys-DB 86 on MC38 (A) and Panc02 (B) at different pH.
  • Figure 35 is the in vivo tumor therapeutic effect of mPEG 44 -PLys-DB 86 and its combined therapeutic effect with ⁇ PD1; wherein, A is a schematic diagram of the dosage regimen; B is the in vivo tumor therapeutic effect of mPEG 44 -PLys-DB 86 at different doses ; C is the combined treatment effect of mPEG 44 -PLys-DB 86 and ⁇ PD1.
  • Figure 36 shows the antibacterial activity of polypeptides modified with different tertiary amines with different degrees of polymerization.
  • Figure 37 shows the antibacterial activity of mPEG 44 -PLys-C5P 33 at different pHs.
  • Fig. 38 is a gel permeation chromatogram of a polypeptide obtained by copolymerization of leucine and lysine (protected by benzyloxycarbonyl) in different ratios.
  • Figure 39 is the H NMR spectrum of the polypeptide obtained by copolymerization of leucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 40 is the H NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by copolymerization of N-hydroxyethylpiperidine modified leucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Fig. 41 is the H NMR spectrum of the polypeptide obtained by copolymerization of 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol-modified leucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 42 is the protonation rate curve (A) and helicity curve (B) of the polypeptide obtained by copolymerization of N-hydroxyethylpiperidine modified leucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 43 is the protonation rate curve (A) and helicity curve (B) of the polypeptide obtained by copolymerization of 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol-modified leucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Fig. 44 is the gel permeation chromatogram of the peptide obtained by the copolymerization of phenylalanine and lysine (protected by benzyloxycarbonyl group) with different ratios initiated by mPEG 44 -NH 2 .
  • Figure 45 is the H NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by the copolymerization of phenylalanine and lysine (protected by benzyloxycarbonyl group) with different ratios initiated by mPEG 44 -NH 2 .
  • Figure 46 is the NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by N-hydroxyethylpiperidine modification of phenylalanine and lysine in different proportions of copolymerization.
  • Figure 47 is the H NMR spectrum of the polypeptide obtained by copolymerization of 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol-modified phenylalanine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 48 is the protonation rate curve of the peptide obtained by copolymerization of N-hydroxyethylpiperidine (A) and 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol (B) modified in different proportions of phenylalanine and lysine.
  • Fig. 49 is the gel permeation chromatogram of the peptide obtained by the copolymerization of phenylalanine and lysine (protected by benzyloxycarbonyl group) with different ratios initiated by mPEG 112 -NH 2 .
  • Figure 50 is the H NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by the copolymerization of phenylalanine and lysine in different proportions initiated by mPEG 112 -NH 2 .
  • Figure 51 is the NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by the copolymerization of phenylalanine and lysine in different proportions initiated by N-hydroxyethylpiperidine-modified mPEG 112 -NH 2 .
  • Figure 52 is the protonation rate curve of the peptide obtained by the copolymerization of phenylalanine and lysine with different proportions initiated by N-hydroxyethylpiperidine-modified mPEG 112 -NH 2 .
  • Fig. 53 is a gel permeation chromatogram of a peptide obtained by copolymerization of norleucine and lysine (benzyloxycarbonyl protected) in different ratios.
  • Figure 54 is the H NMR spectra of the peptides obtained by copolymerization of norleucine and lysine (benzyloxycarbonyl protected) in different ratios.
  • Figure 55 is the H NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by copolymerization of norleucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 56 is the NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by copolymerization of N-hydroxyethylpiperidine-modified norleucine and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 57 is the NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by copolymerization of N-hydroxyethylpiperidine-modified L-aminocaprylic acid and lysine in different proportions.
  • Figure 58 is the NMR spectrum of the peptide obtained by the 1:1 copolymerization of tryptophan and lysine modified by N-hydroxyethylpiperidine.
  • Figure 59 shows the hemolytic activity of copolylysine with different hydrophobic amino acids modified by C6 tertiary amine.
  • Figure 60 shows the selective killing of tumors by C6 tertiary amine-modified polylysine with different hydrophobic amino acids.
  • Figure 61 shows the selective killing of tumors by C6 tertiary amine-modified tryptophan and lysine copolypeptides at different pHs.
  • Fig. 62 shows that mPEG 44 -P(Lys-C6 50 -co-Trp 50 ) induces cell membrane damage to release LDH.
  • Figure 63 is the tumor treatment effect of mPEG 44 -P(Lys-C6 50 -co-Trp 50 ) in vivo; where A is a schematic diagram of the dosage regimen, and B is the effect of mPEG 44 -P(Lys-C6 50 -co-Trp 50 ). Tumor treatment effect.
  • the "plurality” mentioned in the present invention means two or more.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B may indicate: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists independently.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or” relationship.
  • any variable eg, R1 , R2, etc.
  • its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at each other occurrence.
  • combinations of substituents and variables are permissible only if such combinations render the compounds stable.
  • a line drawn from a substituent into a ring system indicates that the indicated bond may be attached to any substitutable ring atom. If the ring system is polycyclic it means that such bonds are only to any suitable carbon atoms of adjacent rings. It is understood that one of ordinary skill in the art can select substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the present invention to provide compounds that are chemically stable and can be readily synthesized from readily available starting materials by skill in the art and by methods set forth below. If a substituent is itself substituted with more than one group, it is understood that these groups may be on the same carbon atom or on different carbon atoms, so long as the structure is stabilized.
  • alkyl is meant to include both branched and straight chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • the definition of “C 1 -C 6 " in “C 1 -C 6 alkyl” includes groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms arranged in a linear or branched chain.
  • “C 1 -C 6 alkyl” specifically includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl.
  • alkylene refers to a group having one less hydrogen on the basis of "alkyl”, for example, -CH2- , -CH2CH2- , -CH2CH2CH2- , -CH2CH2 CH 2 CH 2 -etc.
  • heterocycloalkyl is a saturated monocyclic cyclic substituent in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, O or S(O)m (wherein m is an integer from 0 to 2), and the rest
  • ring atoms are carbon, for example: piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl and the like.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a membrane-breaking polypeptide having a structure represented by formula (I) or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt:
  • R is selected from: -R 3 -N(R 4 R 5 ), -R 3 -R',
  • R' is selected from:
  • R 1 is selected from: alkylene
  • R 2 is selected from: C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 12 alkyl substituted by C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 12 alkyl substituted by benzyloxycarbonyl , 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl;
  • R 3 is selected from: alkylene, C 6 -C 14 aryl substituted alkylene;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from: alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl substituted alkyl, or R 3 , R 4 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form a heterocycloalkyl;
  • y is selected from: 2-150;
  • R 6 is selected from: C 1 -C 15 alkyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 6 -C 14 aryl substituted C 1 -C 15 alkyl;
  • n+m is greater than 0, and n is not 0;
  • q is selected from: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • R 1 is selected from: C 1 -C 6 alkylene.
  • R 1 is selected from: -(CH 2 ) x -, wherein, x is selected from: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the membrane-breaking polypeptide has the structure shown in the following formula (II):
  • X is: -O- or none.
  • the membrane-breaking polypeptide has the structure shown in the following formula (III):
  • R is selected from: -R 3 -N(R 4 R 5 ),
  • R 3 is selected from: C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkylene substituted by phenyl.
  • R 3 is selected from: -(CH 2 ) x -, -(CH 2 ) x substituted by phenyl; wherein, x is selected from: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from: C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted by phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted by naphthyl, Or R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form a 5-10 membered heterocycloalkyl group.
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from: C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl substituted by phenyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl substituted by naphthyl, Or R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form a 5-8 membered heterocycloalkyl group.
  • R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form the following group:
  • R 6 is selected from: C 1 -C 6 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R is selected from: -R 3 -N(R 4 R 5 ),
  • R 3 is selected from: -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -(CH 2 ) 3 -CH 2 -, R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form the following group:
  • R 6 is benzyl
  • R is selected from: C 1 -C 8 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted by phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted by benzyloxycarbonyl , 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R is selected from: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, Decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl substituted ethyl, benzopyrrole substituted ethyl.
  • y is selected from: 5-120.
  • y is selected from: 30-120.
  • y is selected from: 40-48 or 108-116.
  • y is selected from: 9, 44, 112.
  • n+m is not less than 5, more preferably not less than 10.
  • n+m is 10-200, more preferably 10-150, more preferably 10-110.
  • m is 0-60% of n+m, more preferably 0-50%.
  • m is 0-30% of n+m.
  • m is 0-25% of n+m.
  • m is 10-23% of n+m.
  • m is 15-25% of n+m.
  • m is 25-35% of n+m.
  • m is 35-45% of n+m.
  • m is 40-50% of n+m.
  • m is 45-50% of n+m.
  • R is selected from: -R 3 -N(R 4 R 5 ),
  • R 3 is -CH 2 -CH 2 -;
  • R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form the following group:
  • R 6 is benzyl; y is 40-48.
  • R is selected from: -R 3 -N(R 4 R 5 );
  • R 3 is selected from: -CH 2 -CH 2 -; R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form the following group:
  • R2 is selected from: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecane radical, dodecyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, ethyl substituted by benzyloxycarbonyl, ethyl substituted by benzopyrrole.
  • the membrane-breaking polypeptide is selected from the following polymers:
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a membrane-disrupting polypeptide nanoparticle formed by self-assembly of the membrane-disrupting polypeptide in an aqueous medium.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the preparation method of the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles, including the following steps: dissolving the membrane-breaking polypeptide in an organic solvent or a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 1.5-2.5 , and then add the obtained solution dropwise into water under stirring, continue to stir, and remove the solvent by low-temperature dialysis to obtain the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.
  • the proportion of the membrane-breaking polypeptide, the organic solvent or hydrochloric acid solution, and the water is 10 mg-30 mg: 1 mL: 4-6 mL.
  • the preparation method of the membrane-disrupting polypeptide nanoparticles comprises the following steps: dissolving the membrane-disrupting polypeptide in N, N-dimethylformamide at a ratio of 10 mg to 30 mg: 1 mL, and then Add the resulting solution dropwise into water under stirring at a speed of 400-800 rpm, continue stirring at a speed of 200-600 rpm for 8-20 minutes, and dialyze in water using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000-20,000 The solvent is removed to obtain the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the use of the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the application of membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the use of the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the application of the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating tumors.
  • the immune checkpoint inhibitor is a PD-1 inhibitor.
  • the tumor is pancreatic cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, osteosarcoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer .
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the use of the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the preparation of anti-bacterial infection medicine.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides the application of the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles in the preparation of anti-bacterial infection drugs.
  • the bacteria are Gram-negative bacilli, Gram-negative Pseudomonas, Gram-positive Staphylococcus, Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive cocci, and Streptococcus.
  • the bacteria are Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii bacillus, pneumococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • a drug for preventing and/or treating tumors which is prepared from active ingredients and pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants and/or carriers, the active ingredients include the membrane-breaking The polypeptide or its stereoisomer or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and/or the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • a combination drug for preventing and/or treating tumors is provided, the active ingredients of which include:
  • Component 1 the membrane-breaking polypeptide or its stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and/the membrane-breaking polypeptide nanoparticles;
  • Component 2 Antineoplastic drugs other than Component 1;
  • the component 1 and component 2 respectively become independent administration units, or the components 1 and 2 jointly form a combined administration unit.
  • the component 2 is an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
  • the immune checkpoint inhibitor is a PD-1 inhibitor.
  • the compounds of formula (I) to formula (III) of the present invention can be used in combination with other known antitumor drugs.
  • formula (I)-formula (III) compound and known medicine can become independent administration unit respectively, or jointly form the administration unit of combination;
  • Formula (I)-formula (III) compound can be combined with existing Other known antineoplastic drugs were administered simultaneously or separately.
  • Drug combination also includes administration of the compound of formula (I)-formula (III) and one or several other known drugs in overlapping time periods.
  • the dosage of the formula (I)-formula (III) compound or the known drug can be the same as that of the single drug, or lower doses than when they are used alone.
  • Drugs or active ingredients that can be combined with compounds of formula (I)-formula (III) include but are not limited to: immune checkpoint inhibitors, estrogen receptor modulators, androgen receptor modulators, retinal-like receptor Body regulators, cytotoxic/cytostatic agents, antiproliferative agents, protein transferase inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, HIV protein kinase inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, cell proliferation and survival Signal inhibitors, drugs that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints and inducers of apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs, tyrosine protein inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, VEGFR inhibitors, serine/threonine protein inhibitors, Bcr-Abl inhibition Agents, c-Kit inhibitors, Met inhibitors, Raf inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, histidine deacetylase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, CDK inhibitors, Bcl-2
  • the drugs or active ingredients that can be used in combination with the compounds of formula (I) - formula (III) include but are not limited to: aldesleukin, alendronic acid, interferon, atrinoin , allopurinol, allopurinol sodium, palonosetron hydrochloride, hexamethylmelamine, aminoglutethimide, amifostine, amrubicin, anaridine, anastrozole, dolac Joan, aranesp, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, Aroxin, 5-azacytidine, azathioprine, BCG or Tice BCG, betadine, betamethasone acetate, betamethasone sodium phosphate preparations, bexarotene, betamethasone sulfate Leymycin, bromuridine, bortezomib, busulfan, calcitonin, alezolizumab injection, capecitabine, carboplatin, Casod
  • an anti-bacterial infection drug which is prepared from an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier, and the active ingredient includes the membrane-breaking polypeptide or Stereoisomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and/or the membrane-disrupting polypeptide nanoparticles.
  • the medicament for preventing and/or treating tumor or the medicament for antibacterial infection of the present invention can be used in non-human mammals or humans.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant used in the medicine for preventing and/or treating tumor or the medicine for antibacterial infection of the present invention refers to: one or more compatible solid or liquid fillers or gel substances, which It is suitable for human use and must be of sufficient purity and low enough toxicity.
  • Compatibility here refers to the ability of each component in the composition to blend with the active ingredient of the present invention (the tertiary amine-modified polypeptide membrane breaking material shown in formula I-III) and between them , without significantly reducing the efficacy of the active ingredient.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant used in the medicine for preventing and/or treating tumor of the present invention includes but not limited to one or more of the following materials: solvent, excipient, filler, compatibilizer, binder , humectant, disintegrant, slow agent, absorption accelerator, adsorbent, diluent, solubilizer, emulsifier, lubricant, wetting agent, suspending agent, flavoring agent and spices at least one.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.), gelatin, talc, solid lubricants (such as stearic acid , magnesium stearate), calcium sulfate, vegetable oil (such as soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, olive oil, etc.), polyols (such as propylene glycol, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.), emulsifiers (such as Tween ), wetting agent (such as sodium lauryl sulfate), coloring agent, flavoring agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, preservative, pyrogen-free water, etc.
  • cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.
  • gelatin such as talc
  • solid lubricants such as stearic acid , magnesium stearate
  • the administration method of the active ingredient or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and representative administration methods include (but not limited to): oral, rectal, parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) and the like.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders and granules.
  • the active ingredient is admixed with at least one conventional inert excipient (or carrier), such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate, or with:
  • fillers or extenders such as starch, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and silicic acid;
  • binders such as hydroxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose and acacia;
  • humectants for example, glycerin
  • disintegrants such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates, and sodium carbonate;
  • absorption accelerators for example, quaternary ammonium compounds
  • humectants for example, cetyl alcohol and glyceryl monostearate
  • Lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, or mixtures thereof.
  • the dosage form may also contain buffering agents.
  • the solid dosage form can also be prepared with coatings and shell materials, such as enteric coatings and other materials known in the art. They may contain opacifying agents and the release of the active ingredient from such compositions may be in a certain part of the alimentary canal in a delayed manner.
  • coatings and shell materials such as enteric coatings and other materials known in the art. They may contain opacifying agents and the release of the active ingredient from such compositions may be in a certain part of the alimentary canal in a delayed manner.
  • examples of usable embedding components are polymeric substances and waxy substances.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups or tinctures.
  • liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents conventionally used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizers and emulsifiers, for example, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, 1 , 3-butanediol, dimethylformamide and oils, especially cottonseed oil, peanut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil or mixtures of these substances, etc.
  • the compositions can also contain adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • Suspensions in addition to the active ingredient, may contain suspending agents, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum methoxide and agar, mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • suspending agents for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum methoxide and agar, mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • compositions for parenteral injection may comprise physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or anhydrous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • Suitable aqueous and non-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols, and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • peptides were synthesized by mPEG-NH 2- initiated copolymerization of R 1a -NCA and R 2 -NCA, and tertiary amines were introduced through the side chain reaction of R 1a to obtain a series of membrane-breaking peptide polymers Material.
  • the reaction formula and corresponding abbreviation are as follows:
  • mPEG-NH 2 is the initiator
  • R 1a -NCA is the N-carboxylic anhydride of the amino acid monomer whose side chain can be modified
  • R 2 -NCA is the N-carboxylic anhydride of the hydrophobic amino acid monomer
  • -N(R 4 R 5 ) is a tertiary amine structure that can undergo protonation with pH changes.
  • R 1a -NCA is Lys(Z)-NCA, it needs to be deprotected with TFA/HBr/CH 3 COOH before modification of the side chain.
  • Alcohols (R-OH) containing tertiary amine structures used for side chain modification are all commercial products available in the market. R-OH is first reacted with carbonylimidazole (CDI) to prepare R-CDI, and then used for side chain modification. chain modification.
  • R-CDI is prepared by reacting R-OH and CDI in dichloromethane. After the reaction, deionized water is added to remove unreacted CDI, extracted and separated by dichloromethane, and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to obtain R-CDI in dichloromethane. solution, and drained.
  • the side chain modification method is as follows: dissolve the deprotected polypeptide in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), add R-CDI (2-fold excess) with a syringe, and add triethylamine to stir the reaction for 24h , precipitated in ether, drained, dissolved in deionized water, dialyzed in deionized water for 24 hours with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cut-off of 3500, changing the water every 2 hours, and freeze-dried to obtain the membrane-breaking peptide.
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • R 1a -NCA is BLG-NCA, it needs to be deprotected with TFA/HBr/CH 3 COOH before side chain modification.
  • the primary ammonia (R-NH 2 ) containing a tertiary amine structure used for side chain modification is a commercial product available in the market.
  • the carboxyl group of the side chain of polyglutamic acid is first reacted with BOP-Cl/DMAP, and then reacted with For R-NH 2 reaction, use a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cut-off of 3500 to dialyze in deionized water for 24 hours, change the water every 2 hours, and freeze-dry to obtain the membrane-breaking peptide.
  • Embodiment 1 Polyethylene glycol-polylysine copolymer (polypeptide) modified by tertiary amine
  • R3 is a polypeptide with different alkylene groups
  • R 3 are respectively: ethylene, propylene, pentylene.
  • mPEG 44 -Lys 33 and mPEG 44 -Lys 33 in Example 1 are the same batch of polypeptides.
  • Dissolve mPEG 44 -PLys 33 in DMF add R-CDI (over 2 times) with a syringe, add triethylamine (equal to lysine side chain amino group), react for 24 hours, add dropwise to anhydrous ether to precipitate , remove ether, drain, dissolve with DMSO, load with 3500 dialysis bag, dialyze in deionized water for 24h, change water once every 2h, and freeze-dry to obtain R3 respectively ethylene, propylene, and pentylene.
  • C 2 /C 3 /C 5 is expressed as ethylene, propylene, and pentylene.
  • PEG-NH 2 with different molecular weights was selected as the initiator to obtain polylysine with a similar degree of polymerization, and a tertiary amine modification with a structure of N,N-diethylethanol was selected to study the effect of PEG with different molecular weights on the modified polylysine. Effect of amino acid pKa and helical structure.
  • the reaction equation is as follows:
  • mPEG-NH 2 is respectively: mPEG 9 -NH 2 , mPEG 44 -NH 2 , mPEG 112 -NH 2 .
  • step (3) Weigh 2.0 g of the polymer prepared in step (2), dissolve it in 3 mL of CF 3 COOH, add 3.0 mL of HBr/CH 3 COOH, react for 4 hours, drain the solution with an oil pump, add DMF to dissolve, and precipitate into ether. Remove the supernatant, drain and dissolve in deionized water, dialyze in deionized water with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cut-off of 3500 for 24 hours, change the water every 2 hours, freeze-dry for later use.
  • y is the degree of PEG polymerization.
  • R-OH is one of the following structures:
  • n 10/33/61/86/128.
  • each polymer has Monodispersity.
  • tertiary amine groups can also be introduced by reacting tertiary amines containing carboxyl groups with amino groups on the side chains of polylysine.
  • Amines take the reaction of 1-piperidine acetic acid and polylysine as an example.
  • Its nuclear magnetic spectrum is shown in Figure 23, which proves that the structure is correct; through titration, its pKa is 7.15, as shown in Figure 24.
  • tertiary amine groups are introduced into the side chain of the polypeptide by means of side chain carboxyl reaction, etc.
  • the reaction of N,N-dibutylethylamine and polyglutamic acid is used as an example to prepare tertiary amine-modified polyethylene glycol - polyglutamic acid copolymers.
  • the cytotoxicity of the polypeptide at pH 7.4 was determined by erythrocyte hemolysis assay.
  • the specific detection method is as follows:
  • Polypeptide stock solution preparation Dissolve the polypeptide into a 10mg/ml stock solution with deionized water, and adjust the pH to pH 7.4;
  • the absorbance value of the experimental group incubated with the drug is defined as the I experimental group
  • the absorbance value of the control group incubated with PBS and red blood cells is defined as the I negative control
  • the absorbance of the control group incubated with red blood cells with Triton-X100 at a final concentration of 0.1% is defined as I positive control ; then according to the formula [(I experimental group -I negative control )/(I positive control -I negative control )] ⁇ 100%, calculate the erythrocyte hemolysis rate.
  • DMP2 tertiary amine-modified polypeptides have higher hemolytic activity, which may be due to the higher pKa of this series of polypeptides; while other tertiary amine-modified polypeptides containing benzene rings have lower hemolytic activity, which may be due to The benzene ring makes the nanoparticles more stable; N,N-dibutyl (DB) modified peptides have hemolytic activity at low polymerization degrees, and low hemolytic activity at high polymerization degrees, because at higher polymerization degrees, the peptides With a low pKa, it can be assembled into relatively compact particles and has low hemolysis.
  • DB N,N-dibutyl
  • Example 4 The pH-responsive anticancer activity of tertiary amine-modified polyethylene glycol-polypeptide (polylysine or polyglutamic acid)
  • Tumor cells are plated in 96-well plates at 10,000 cells per well, and used after culturing overnight;
  • the results show that the polypeptide mPEG 44 -PLys-C6P 10 has a better pH for tumor cells in 4h Selectivity ( FIG. 32 ), the peptide mPEG 44 -PLys-DB 86 has good pH selectivity for tumor cells at 24 hours ( FIG. 33 ).
  • the cell-killing mode of the polypeptide is studied through high-content, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • Cell seeding plate seed in a high-content 96-well plate at a density of 15,000 cells/well, and culture overnight in a 37°C, 5% carbon dioxide incubator.
  • the peptides were prepared in each pH medium, a total of 12 pH (pH 7.4-6.3). For the convenience of dosing, first configure in a 96-well plate for bacteria, add 120 ⁇ L of medium with corresponding pH to each well, then add 4.8 ⁇ L of material (5 mg/ml) and mix evenly with a row gun.
  • Drug treatment absorb the original medium in the high-content 96-well plate, and use a discharge gun to absorb 100 ⁇ L of the pre-prepared medium of each pH of the peptide and gently add it to the high-content 96-well plate.
  • Embodiment 6 anti-tumor effect in vivo
  • the anti-tumor effect is evaluated by an in vivo tumor-inhibiting experiment, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • EMT6 tumor cells were amplified and cultured in DMEM medium (Gibco) containing 10% fetal bovine serum;
  • Mouse orthotopic EMT6 breast cancer tumor model resuspend in serum-free medium and adjust the concentration of EMT6 cells to 6.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL; inject 50 ⁇ L of cell suspension into the fat pad of the right second breast of female BABL/C mice ;
  • the tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Inject into the tail vein according to the following groups: PBS, 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg of the drug to be evaluated.
  • mPEG 44 -PLys-DB 86 showed a significant dose-dependent, 60mg/kg dose can well inhibit tumor growth without causing obvious toxicity, and showed and anti-cellular programming Antibodies to death ligand 1 ( ⁇ PD1) have combined therapeutic effects.
  • Example 7 The pH-responsive antibacterial activity of polyethylene glycol-polypeptide modified by tertiary amines
  • peptides in the peptide library prepared in Example 1 have relatively low hemolytic activity, and besides antitumor activity, they also have antibacterial activity.
  • the bacterial strains used in the antibacterial experiment of this embodiment include Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, ATCC35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P.aeruginosa ATCC27853).
  • the bacteria used in all experiments should be used after the following treatments: wash 3 times with sterile 1 ⁇ PBS (centrifugation condition: 10,000rpm, 1min), re-use sterile 1 ⁇ PBS after the last centrifugation
  • To suspend bacteria take 100 ⁇ L of the above bacterial solution and add it to 900 ⁇ L sterile PBS (10-fold dilution), take the 10-fold diluted bacterial solution into a quartz cuvette, subtract the background with 1 ⁇ sterile PBS, and test the bacterial solution at 600 nm According to the absorbance of bacteria, calculate the bacterial concentration of the original bacterial liquid.
  • the plateau bacterial solution was diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 6 CFU/mL with pH 6.5 M9 medium; The bacteria were mixed in equal volume, and the control group was mixed with equal volume of blank M9 medium and bacteria. Incubate all systems at 37°C for 2 hours; vortex fully and spread the plate, place the agar plate in the incubator for overnight culture, and compare each The number of colonies between the material groups, and compared with the blank control group, the less the number of colonies, the better the antibacterial effect.
  • the plateau bacterial solution was diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 6 CFU/mL with M9 medium with pH 7.4, 7.2, 7.0, 6.8, 6.6, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.0, respectively , use the M9 medium with pH 7.4, 7.2, 7.0, 6.8, 6.6, 6.4, 6.2, 6.0 to prepare 32 ⁇ g/mL polypeptide solution, incubate the polypeptide solution with equal volumes of bacteria, and the blank control is equal volumes of different pH M9 medium, incubate at 37°C for 4 hours, dilute 10 times and 100 times with cold LB, vortex fully, take the diluted solution to spread on the plate, place the agar plate in the incubator for overnight culture, and count the number of colonies.
  • Example 8 Polypeptides doped with hydrophobic groups
  • mPEG 44 -NH 2 was selected to initiate the copolymerization of Lys(Z)-NCA and Leu-NCA in different proportions to obtain a polymer mPEG-P(Lys(Z)-co-Leu-NCA) with a total degree of polymerization (n+m) close to ), and deprotected in HBr/CH 3 COOH to obtain mPEG-P(Lys-co-Leu), respectively modified polylysine side chains with N-hydroxyethylpiperidine and 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol , to study the effect of hydrophobic leucine doping ratio on the pKa and helical structure of the polypeptide.
  • the reaction equation is as follows:
  • R-OH is: That is, R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form the following structure:
  • Azeotrope mPEG 44 -NH 2 with toluene to remove a small amount of water vapor, drain it with an oil pump, and transfer it to a glove box for later use.
  • step (3) Dissolve the polymer prepared in step (2) in 2 mL of CF 3 COOH, add 2.0 mL of HBr/CH 3 COOH, react for 4 hours, drain the solution with an oil pump, add DMF to dissolve, precipitate into ether, and remove the supernatant , dissolved in deionized water after draining, dialyzed in deionized water for 24 hours with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cut-off of 3500, changing the water every 2 hours, and freeze-dried for later use.
  • the NMR characterization proved that the structure was correct and completely deprotected, as shown in Figure 39.
  • the obtained modified polymer was titrated to obtain a protonation curve and a helicity curve (the method is the same as in Example 1).
  • PD represents the protonation rate, and the specific data are shown in the following table:
  • mPEG 44 -NH 2 (mPEG 2k -NH 2 ) was selected to initiate the copolymerization of Lys(Z)-NCA and Phe-NCA in different proportions to obtain polymers with close total polymerization degrees (n+m), and the HBr/ mPEG-P(Lys-co-Phe) was obtained by deprotection in CH 3 COOH, the polylysine side chain was modified with N-hydroxyethylpiperidine and 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol respectively, and the hydrophobicity of styrene-acrylic acid was studied.
  • the effect of amino acid doping ratio on the pKa and helical structure of polypeptides is as follows:
  • R-OH is: That is, R 4 , R 5 and the nitrogen atom connected to them together form the following structure:
  • the resulting unmodified polymer mPEG-P (Lys(Z)-co-Phe) is characterized by gel permeation chromatography, as shown in Figure 44, which is a unimodal distribution; its NMR spectrum is shown in Figure 45, and the degree of polymerization is calculated .
  • Figure 44 the NMR of the polypeptide modified by N-hydroxyethylpiperidine
  • Figure 47 The NMR of the polypeptide modified by 2-(hexamethyleneimine) ethanol is shown in Figure 47, which has been completely modified.
  • titration as shown in Figure 48, as the proportion of phenylalanine increases, the pKa of the polypeptide decreases gradually.
  • Example (2) Replace mPEG 44 -NH 2 in Example (2) with mPEG 112 -NH 2 to synthesize Lys(Z)-NCA and Phe-NCA copolymerized in different proportions.
  • the synthesis steps are the same as those in Example (1) )same.
  • the specific feeding ratio is as follows:
  • the resulting polymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, as shown in Figure 49, as a unimodal distribution.
  • the H NMR spectrum characterization after deprotection is shown in Figure 50, and the complete deprotection is modified by N-hydroxyethylpiperidine to obtain a polypeptide product.
  • the H NMR spectrum characterization is shown in Figure 51, which is completely modified.
  • the protonation rate curve was obtained, as shown in Figure 52, it can be seen that with the increase of the proportion of phenylalanine, the pKa of the polypeptide gradually decreased, and the pKa of the polypeptide was lower than that of mPEG 44 -NH 2 .
  • the pKa of the polymer is too high.
  • the polypeptide mPEG 44 -P (Lys-C6 50 -co-Trp 50 ) was obtained when the hydrophobic amino acid was tryptophan and the doping ratio was 50%. NMR results As shown in Figure 58, the proof structure is correct.
  • the pKa of the peptide was titrated in a sodium chloride system containing 150mM, and the results are shown in the table below: as the doping ratio of the hydrophobic monomer increases, the pKa of the peptide decreases.
  • the cytotoxicity of the series of copolymerized polypeptide macromolecular materials prepared in this example was tested at the characteristic pH of normal tissues and tumor tissues, and the specific experimental methods were the same as those in Examples 3 and 4.
  • the hemolytic toxicity results of the polypeptide are shown in Figure 59.
  • the hemolytic activity of the polypeptide is not only related to pKa, but also related to the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic monomer.
  • the results show that the polypeptide containing phenylalanine copolymer has a lower hemolytic activity. , which may be related to the ⁇ -sheet structure.
  • Polypeptides doped with hydrophobic groups have better tumor killing selectivity, and among them, polypeptides containing benzene ring structure have better tumor killing Selectivity and lower hemolytic toxicity, which may be because the benzene ring structure is more conducive to the stability of nanoparticles.
  • lactate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase
  • LDH lactate dehydrogenase
  • the polypeptide of the present invention has an amphiphilic structure and can kill cells by interacting with the plasma membrane of cells. Taking mPEG 44 -P(Lys-C6 50 -co-Trp 50 ) as an example, to measure the release of LDH during cell death, the specific method is as follows:
  • LDH release reagent was added to the maximum enzyme activity control well, the amount added was 10% of the volume of the original culture solution, repeated blowing several times to mix well, and then continued to incubate in the cell culture incubator.
  • the cell culture plate is centrifuged at 400 g for 5 min with a multi-well plate centrifuge. Take 80 ⁇ L of the supernatant from each well, add it into the corresponding well of a new 96-well plate, and then carry out the sample determination.
  • mPEG 44 -P(Lys-C6 50 -co-Trp 50 ) can be well Inhibits tumor growth.

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Abstract

提供了一种具有式（I）所示结构的pH敏感的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，及其应用。该大分子材料在正常生理pH下，呈疏水电中性，可自组装成纳米颗粒，组装紧密，与细胞膜的相互作用弱；在微酸的pH条件下，可以质子化，形成疏水结构域和阳离子结构域组成的两亲性结构，与细胞膜具有强相互作用并且具有强破膜活性，因而可以高效、高选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞或细菌。

Description

pH敏感的破膜聚肽及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料和药物技术领域，具体涉及一种pH敏感的破膜聚肽及其应用。
背景技术
一些具有阳离子基团的两亲性高分子可通过破坏细胞膜的方式杀伤肿瘤细胞及细菌等病原体，这种不依赖代谢途径的杀伤形式，具有广谱杀伤效果、不易产生耐药等优点，在肿瘤及感染性疾病的治疗中具有广阔应用前景。破膜高分子材料与细胞膜作用主要通过静电和疏水相互作用，首先利用高分子的阳离子结构域和负电荷细胞膜静电相互作用结合到细胞膜表面，然后高分子的疏水结构域插入到细胞膜脂质层中，在细胞膜上形成不可修复的膜损伤，从而杀伤细胞。由阳离子基团和疏水基团组成的两亲性构象是大分子材料与细胞膜作用的关键结构，同时也是对正常组织细胞造成细胞毒性的重要原因。两者结构比例对其与细胞膜相互作用非常重要。通常来说，单纯阳离子高分子易与细胞膜结合但不易插入细胞膜，而疏水结构聚合物难以结合到细胞膜表面，无法有效破坏细胞膜。因此，设计高分子材料使其在正常组织呈现阳离子或疏水结构，而在病变部位转变为阳离子结构域和疏水结构域组成的两亲性构象，以解决破膜高分子材料毒性大的问题，具有重要的意义。
课题组前期制备了具有破膜活性的含有三级胺侧链的聚甲基丙烯酸酯高分子材料，通过侧链的三级胺质子化可控制在不同pH下实现破膜活性的激活，并且通过共聚引入疏水链接，可以实现在pH＝7.4下具有较低的溶血和杀伤，而在微酸环境下可以实现破膜活性的精准激活，对肿瘤细胞膜不可逆的损伤，实现高选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞。但聚甲基丙烯酸酯主链难以降解，长期使用在体内累积容易产生毒性。
发明内容
基于此，本发明提供了一种侧基含三级胺及疏水基团的pH敏感的破膜聚肽材料，该大分子材料在正常生理pH下，呈疏水电中性，与细胞膜的相互作用弱；在微酸的pH条件下，可以质子化，形成疏水结构域和阳离子结构域组成的两亲性结构，与细胞膜具有强相互作用并且具有强破膜活性，因而可以高效、高选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞或细菌。本发明包括如下技术方案。
一种具有式(I)所示结构的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000001
其中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、-R 3-R’、
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000002
R’选自：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000003
L选自：-NH-C(＝O)O-、-NH-C(＝O)-、-C(＝O)-NH-、-C(＝O)-O-；
R 1选自：亚烷基；
R 2选自：C 1-C 12烷基、C 6-C 14芳基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的C 1-C 12烷基、苄氧羰基取代的C 1-C 12烷基、5-10元杂芳基取代的C 1-C 12烷基；
R 3选自：亚烷基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的亚烷基；
R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：烷基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的烷基，或者R 3、R 4和与其相连的氮原子一起形成杂环烷基；
y选自：2-150；
R 6选自：C 1-C 15烷基、C 6-C 14芳基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的C 1-C 15烷基；
n+m大于0，并且n不为0；
q选自：0、1、2、3、4。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种破膜聚肽纳米颗粒，包括如下技术方案。
一种破膜聚肽纳米颗粒，由上述破膜聚肽在水介质中自组装形成。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的制备方法，包括如下技术方案。
一种破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将所述破膜聚肽溶于有机溶剂或者pH为1.5-2.5的盐酸溶液中，然后将所得溶液在搅拌状态下逐滴加入水中，继续搅拌，低温透析除去溶剂，即得所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
另一方面，本发明还提供了上述破膜聚肽或者破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的应用，包括如下技术方案。
所述破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
所述破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐联合免疫检查点抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒联合免疫检查点抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
所述破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗细菌感染的药物中的应用。
所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒在制备抗细菌感染的药物中的应用。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物，包括如下技术方案。
一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物，由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料和/或载体制备得到，所述活性成分包括所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的联合用药物，包括如下技术方案。
一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的联合用药物，其活性成分包括：
组分1：所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒；以及
组分2：组分1之外的抗肿瘤药物；
所述组分1和组分2分别成为独立的给药单元，或所述组分1和组分2共同形成组合的给药单元。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种抗细菌感染的药物，包括如下技术方案。
一种抗细菌感染的药物，由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料和/或载体制备得到，所述活性成分包括所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
本发明提供了一种三级胺修饰的破膜聚肽材料，该大分子材料在正常生理pH下呈疏水电中性，聚肽片段呈疏水性，与细胞膜的相互作用弱，从而使其在体内循环时具有对正常组织毒性小的优点；在肿瘤组织或者细菌感染微酸的pH条件下，该大分子材料的三级胺部分会发生质子化，从而使聚肽片段形成疏水结构域和阳离子结构域组成的两亲性结构，从而使其与细胞膜具有极强的相互作用以及很强的破膜活性，从而可以高效、高选择性地杀伤肿瘤细胞及细菌。本发明还发现含有苯环结构的聚肽可以提高其选择性。本发明的破膜聚肽大分子材料能够用于制备抗肿瘤或者抗菌药物，具有抗肿瘤和抗菌效果好，选择性高，毒性小的 优点。并且由于聚合多肽具有可降解性及降解产物无生物毒性的优点，因而将具有更广泛的生物医学应用。
附图说明
图1为mPEG 44-PLys(Z) 33的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图2为mPEG 44-PLys(Z) 33的核磁氢谱图。
图3为mPEG 44-PLys 33的核磁氢谱图。
图4为DE-CDI的核磁氢谱图。
图5为mPEG 44-PLys-DE 33的核磁氢谱图。
图6为实施例1中的三级胺修饰聚肽前后的质子化曲线(A)和螺旋度变化曲线(B)。
图7为R 3为不同亚烷基修饰聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图8为R 3为不同亚烷基修饰聚肽的质子化曲线(A)和螺旋度变化曲线(B)。
图9为DE三级胺修饰不同聚乙二醇引发聚肽的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图10为DE三级胺修饰不同聚乙二醇引发聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图11为不同聚合度的PEG引发的聚肽的质子化曲线。
图12为不同三级胺修饰mPEG 44-PLys 86的核磁氢谱图。
图13为不同三级胺修饰mPEG 44-PLys 86的质子化曲线(A)和螺旋度变化曲线(B)。
图14为mPEG 44-NH 2引发Lys(Z)-NCA得到的不同聚合度的聚肽的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图15为不同聚合度聚赖氨酸的核磁氢谱图。
图16为不同聚合度聚肽mPEG 44-PLys n-DB的质子化曲线(A)和螺旋度变化曲线(B)。
图17为C5P2三级胺修饰不同聚合度聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图18为C5P三级胺修饰不同聚合度聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图19为C6P三级胺修饰不同聚合度聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图20为DB三级胺修饰不同聚合度聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图21为DMP2三级胺修饰不同聚合度聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图22为DMP三级胺修饰不同聚合度聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图23为mPEG 44-PLys-CC6 86的核磁氢谱图。
图24为mPEG 44-PLys-CC6 86的质子化率曲线。
图25为mPEG 44-PBLG 30的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图26为mPEG 44-PBLG 30的核磁氢谱图。
图27为mPEG 44-PLG-DB 30的核磁氢谱图。
图28为mPEG 44-PLG-DB 30的质子化率曲线。
图29为不同三级胺修饰不同聚合度的聚肽的溶血活性。
图30为不同三级胺修饰不同聚合度的聚肽在Panc02细胞器中pH＝6.8下24h的细胞杀伤曲线。
图31为不同三级胺修饰不同聚合度的聚肽在MC38细胞器中pH＝6.8下24h的细胞杀伤曲线。
图32为mPEG 44-PLys-C6P 10在不同pH下对MC38(A)及Panc02(B)的24h细胞杀伤曲线。
图33为mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86在不同pH下对MC38(A)及Panc02(B)的4h细胞杀伤曲线。
图34为mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86在Panc02细胞器中pH＝6.8下的破膜活性。
图35为mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86的体内肿瘤治疗效果及其与αPD1的联合治疗效果；其中，A为给药方案示意图；B为不同剂量下mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86的体内肿瘤治疗效果；C为mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86与αPD1联合治疗效果。
图36为不同三级胺修饰不同聚合度的聚肽的抗菌活性。
图37为mPEG 44-PLys-C5P 33在不同pH下的抗菌活性。
图38为亮氨酸和赖氨酸(苄氧羰基保护)以不同比例共聚所得聚肽的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图39为亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图40为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图41为2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰的亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图42为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的质子化率曲线(A)和螺旋度曲线(B)。
图43为2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰的亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的质子化率曲线(A)和螺旋度曲线(B)。
图44为mPEG 44-NH 2引发苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸(苄氧羰基保护)不同比例共聚所得聚肽的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图45为mPEG 44-NH 2引发苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸(苄氧羰基保护)不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图46为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图47为2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰的苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图48为N-羟基乙基哌啶(A)和2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇(B)修饰的苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的质子化率曲线。
图49为mPEG 112-NH 2引发苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸(苄氧羰基保护)不同比例共聚所得聚肽的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图50为mPEG 112-NH 2引发苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图51为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的mPEG 112-NH 2引发的苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图52为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的mPEG 112-NH 2引发的苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的质子化率曲线。
图53为正亮氨酸和赖氨酸(苄氧羰基保护)以不同比例共聚所得聚肽的凝胶渗透色谱图。
图54为正亮氨酸和赖氨酸(苄氧羰基保护)以不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图55为正亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图56为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的正亮氨酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图57为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的L-氨基辛酸和赖氨酸不同比例共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图58为N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰的色氨酸和赖氨酸1:1共聚所得聚肽的核磁氢谱图。
图59为C6三级胺修饰的不同疏水氨基酸共聚赖氨酸的溶血活性。
图60为C6三级胺修饰的不同疏水氨基酸共聚赖氨酸的肿瘤选择性杀伤。
图61为C6三级胺修饰的色氨酸和赖氨酸共聚聚肽在不同pH下的肿瘤选择性杀伤。
图62为mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)诱导细胞膜破损释放LDH。
图63为mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)的体内肿瘤治疗效果；其中A为给药方案示意图，B为mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)的肿瘤治疗效果。
具体实施方式
本发明下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。实施例中所用到的各种常用化学试剂，均为市售产品。
除非另有定义，本发明所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不用于限制本发明。
本发明的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤的过程、方法、装置、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或模块，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它 步骤。
在本发明中提及的“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本发明所述化合物中，当任何变量(例如R 1、R 2等)在任何组分中出现超过一次，则其每次出现的定义独立于其它每次出现的定义。同样，允许取代基及变量的组合，只要这种组合使化合物稳定。自取代基划入环系统的线表示所指的键可连接到任何能取代的环原子上。如果环系统为多环，其意味着这种键仅连接到邻近环的任何适当的碳原子上。要理解本领域普通技术人员可选择本发明化合物的取代基及取代型式而提供化学上稳定的并可通过本领域技术和下列提出的方法自可容易获得的原料容易合成的化合物。如果取代基自身被超过一个基团取代，应理解这些基团可在相同碳原子上或不同碳原子上，只要使结构稳定。
术语“烷基”意指包括具有特定碳原子数目的支链的和直链的饱和脂肪烃基。例如，“C 1-C 6烷基”中“C 1-C 6”的定义包括以直链或支链排列的具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的基团。例如，“C 1-C 6烷基”具体包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、戊基、己基。
术语“亚烷基”是指在“烷基”基础上少一个氢的基团，例如，-CH 2-、-CH 2CH 2-、-CH 2CH 2CH 2-、-CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2-等。
术语“杂环烷基”为饱和的单环环状取代基，其中一个或多个环原子选自N、O或S(O)m(其中m是0-2的整数)的杂原子，其余环原子为碳，例如：哌啶基、吡咯烷基等。
本发明的一实施方式中提供了一种具有式(I)所示结构的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000004
其中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、-R 3-R’、
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000005
R’选自：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000006
L选自：-NH-C(＝O)O-、-NH-C(＝O)-、-C(＝O)-NH-、-C(＝O)-O-；
R 1选自：亚烷基；
R 2选自：C 1-C 12烷基、C 6-C 14芳基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的C 1-C 12烷基、苄氧羰基取代的C 1-C 12烷基、5-10元杂芳基取代的C 1-C 12烷基；
R 3选自：亚烷基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的亚烷基；
R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：烷基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的烷基，或者R 3、R 4和与其相连的氮原子一起形成杂环烷基；
y选自：2-150；
R 6选自：C 1-C 15烷基、C 6-C 14芳基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的C 1-C 15烷基；
n+m大于0，并且n不为0；
q选自：0、1、2、3、4。
在其中一些实施例中，R 1选自：C 1-C 6亚烷基。
在其中一些实施例中，R 1选自：-(CH 2) x-，其中，x选自：1、2、3、4、5、6。
在其中一些实施例中，所述破膜聚肽具有如下式(II)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000007
其中，X为：-O-或者没有。
在其中一些实施例中，所述破膜聚肽具有如下式(III)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000008
在其中一些实施例中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000009
在其中一些实施例中，R 3选自：C 1-C 6亚烷基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6亚烷基。
在其中一些实施例中，R 3选自：-(CH 2) x-、苯基取代的-(CH 2) x；其中，x选自：1、2、3、4、5、6。
在其中一些实施例中，R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：C 1-C 12烷基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6烷基、萘基取代的C 1-C 6烷基，或者R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成5-10元杂环烷基。
在其中一些实施例中，R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：C 1-C 6烷基、苯基取代的C 1-C 3烷基、萘基取代的C 1-C 3烷基，或者R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成5-8元杂环烷基。
在其中一些实施例中，R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000010
在其中一些实施例中，R 6选自：C 1-C 6烷基、苯基、萘基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6烷基。
在其中一些实施例中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000011
其中，R 3选自：-CH 2-CH 2-、-CH 2-CH 2-CH 2-、-CH 2-(CH 2) 3-CH 2-、
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000012
R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000013
R 6为苄基。
在其中一些实施例中，R 2选自：C 1-C 8烷基、苯基、萘基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6烷基、苄氧羰基取代的C 1-C 6烷基、5-10元杂芳基取代的C 1-C 6烷基。
在其中一些实施例中，R 2选自：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、戊烷基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬烷基、癸烷基、十一烷基、十二烷基、苯基、萘基、苄基、苄氧羰基取代的乙基、苯并吡咯取代的乙基。
在其中一些实施例中，y选自：5-120。
在其中一些实施例中，y选自：30-120。
在其中一些实施例中，y选自：40-48或者108-116。
在其中一些实施例中，y选自：9、44、112。
在其中一些实施例中，n+m不小于5，更优选为不小于10。
在其中一些实施例中，n+m为10-200，更优选为10-150，更优选为10-110。
在其中一些实施例中，m为0；n为5-200，优选为10-150，优选为10-110。
在其中一些实施例中，m为0；n为10-15、30-35、60-65、80-90、或者120-130。
在其中一些实施例中，m为0；n为10、30、33、61、86、128。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的0-60％，更优选为0-50％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的0-30％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的0-25％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的10-23％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的15-25％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的25-35％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的35-45％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的40-50％。
在其中一些实施例中，m为n+m的45-50％。
在其中一些实施例中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000014
其中，R 3为-CH 2-CH 2-；R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000015
R 6为苄基；y为40-48。
在其中一些实施例中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)；
其中，R 3选自：-CH 2-CH 2-；R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000016
R 2选自：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、戊烷基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬烷基、癸烷基、十一烷基、十二烷基、苯基、萘基、苄基、苄氧羰基取代的乙基、苯并吡咯取代的乙基。
在其中一些实施例中，所述的破膜聚肽选自如下聚合物：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000026
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了一种破膜聚肽纳米颗粒，由所述的破膜聚肽在水介质中自组装形成。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将所述破膜聚肽溶于有机溶剂或者pH为1.5-2.5的盐酸溶液中，然后将所得溶液在搅拌状态下逐滴加入水中，继续搅拌，低温透析除去溶剂，即得所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
在其中一些实施例中，所述有机溶剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺。
在其中一些实施例中，所述破膜聚肽、所述有机溶剂或盐酸溶液、与所述水的配比为10mg～30mg：1mL：4-6mL。
在其中一些实施例中，所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：将所述破膜聚肽按配比10mg～30mg：1mL溶于N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中，然后将所得溶液在转速为400～800转/分钟的搅拌状态下逐滴加入水中，继续以200～600转/分钟的转速搅拌8～20分钟，使用截留分子量为10000～20000的透析袋在水中透析除去溶剂，即得所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了破膜聚肽纳米颗粒在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐联合免疫检查点抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒联合免疫检查点抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
在其中一些实施例中，所述免疫检查点抑制剂为PD-1抑制剂。
在其中一些实施例中，所述肿瘤为胰腺癌、黑色素瘤、结直肠癌、结肠癌、肺癌、舌鳞癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、骨肉瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、卵巢上皮癌。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗细菌感染的药物中的应用。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒在制备抗细菌感染的药物中的应用。
在其中一些实施例中，所述细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌、革兰氏阴性假单胞菌、革兰氏阳性葡萄球菌、革兰氏阳性球菌、革兰氏阳性球杆菌、链球菌。
在其中一些实施例中，所述细菌为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌、化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎双球菌、绿脓杆菌。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物，由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料和/或载体制备得到，所述活性成分包括所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的联合用药物，其活性成分包括：
组分1：所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒；以及
组分2：组分1之外的抗肿瘤药物；
所述组分1和组分2分别成为独立的给药单元，或所述组分1和组分2共同形成组合的给药单元。
在其中一些实施例中，所述组分2为免疫检查点抑制剂。
在其中一些实施例中，所述免疫检查点抑制剂为PD-1抑制剂。
本发明的式(I)-式(III)化合物可以与已知的其它抗肿瘤药物联用。联合给药时，式(I)-式(III)化合物和已知药物可以分别成为独立的给药单元，或共同形成组合的给药单元；式(I)-式(III)化合物可以与已知的其它抗肿瘤药物同时给药或者分别给药。当式(I)-式(III)化合物与其它一种或几种药物同时服用时，优选使用同时含有一种或几种已知药物和式(I)-式(III)化合物的药用组合物。药物联用也包括在重叠的时间段服用式(I)-式(III)化合物与其它一种或几种已知药物。当式(I)-式(III)化合物与其它一种或几种已知药物进行药物联用时，式(I)-式(III)化合物或已知药物的剂量可以与单独用药剂量相同，也可以比它们单独用药时的剂量更低。
可以与式(I)-式(III)化合物进行药物联用的药物或活性成分包括但不局限为：免疫检查点抑制剂、雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、视网膜样受体调节剂、细胞毒素/细胞抑制剂、抗增殖剂、蛋白转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、HIV蛋白激酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂、血管生成抑制剂、细胞增殖及生存信号抑制剂、干扰细胞周期关卡的药物和细胞凋亡诱导剂、细胞毒类药物、酪氨酸蛋白抑制剂、EGFR抑制剂、VEGFR抑制剂、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白抑制剂、Bcr-Abl抑制剂、c-Kit抑制剂、Met抑制剂、Raf抑制剂、MEK抑制剂、MMP抑制剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、组氨酸去乙酰化酶抑制剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、CDK抑制剂，Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂、MDM2家族蛋白抑制剂、IAP家族蛋白抑制剂、STAT家族蛋白抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂、AKT抑制剂、整联蛋白阻滞剂、干扰素-α、白介素-12、COX-2抑制剂、p53、p53激活剂、VEGF抗体、EGF抗体等。
在其中一些实施方案中，可以与式(I)-式(III)化合物进行药物联用的药物或活性成分包括但不局限为：阿地白介素、阿仑膦酸、干扰素、阿曲诺英、别嘌醇、别嘌醇钠、帕洛诺司琼盐酸盐、六甲蜜胺、氨基格鲁米特、氨磷汀、氨柔比星、安丫啶、阿纳托唑、多拉司琼、aranesp、arglabin、三氧化二砷、阿诺新、5-氮胞苷、硫唑嘌呤、卡介苗或tice卡介苗、贝他定、醋酸倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸钠制剂、贝沙罗汀、硫酸博来霉素、溴尿甘、bortezomib、白消安、降钙素、阿来佐单抗注射剂、卡培他滨、卡铂、康士得、cefesone、西莫白介素、柔 红霉素、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、克拉屈滨、克拉屈滨、氯屈磷酸、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞昔、达卡巴嗪、放线菌素D、柔红霉素脂质体、地塞米松、磷酸地塞米松、戊酸雌二醇、地尼白介素2、狄波美、地洛瑞林、地拉佐生、己烯雌酚、大扶康、多西他奇、去氧氟尿苷、阿霉素、屈大麻酚、钦-166-壳聚糖复合物、eligard、拉布立酶、盐酸表柔比星、阿瑞吡坦、表阿霉素、阿法依伯汀、红细胞生成素、依铂、左旋咪唑片、雌二醇制剂、17-β-雌二醇、雌莫司汀磷酸钠、炔雌醇、氨磷汀、羟磷酸、凡毕复、依托泊甙、法倔唑、他莫昔芬制剂、非格司亭、非那司提、非雷司替、氟尿苷、氟康唑、氟达拉滨、5-氟脱氧尿嘧啶核苷一磷酸盐、5-氟尿嘧啶、氟甲睾酮、氟他胺、福麦斯坦、1-β-D-阿糖呋喃糖胞噻啶-5’-硬脂酰磷酸酯、福莫司汀、氟维司群、丙种球蛋白、吉西他滨、吉妥单抗、甲磺酸伊马替尼、卡氮芥糯米纸胶囊剂、戈舍瑞林、盐酸格拉尼西隆、组氨瑞林、和美新、氢化可的松、赤型-羟基壬基腺嘌呤、羟基脲、替坦异贝莫单抗、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、干扰素α、干扰素-α2、干扰素α-2A、干扰素α-2B、干扰素α-nl、干扰素α-n3、干扰素β、干扰素γ-la、白细胞介素-2、内含子A、易瑞沙、依立替康、凯特瑞、硫酸香菇多糖、来曲唑、甲酰四氢叶酸、亮丙瑞林、亮丙瑞林醋酸盐、左旋四咪唑、左旋亚叶酸钙盐、左甲状腺素钠、左甲状腺素钠制剂、洛莫司汀、氯尼达明、屈大麻酚、氮芥、甲钴胺、甲羟孕酮醋酸酯、醋酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、酯化雌激素、6-琉基嘌呤、美司钠、氨甲蝶呤、氨基乙酰丙酸甲酯、米替福新、美满霉素、丝裂霉素C、米托坦、米托葱醌、曲洛司坦、柠檬酸阿霉素脂质体、奈达铂、聚乙二醇化非格司亭、奥普瑞白介素、neupogen、尼鲁米特、三苯氧胺、NSC-631570、重组人白细胞介素1-β、奥曲肽、盐酸奥丹西隆、去氢氢化可的松口服溶液剂、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、泼尼松磷酸钠制剂、培门冬酶、派罗欣、喷司他丁、溶链菌制剂、盐酸匹鲁卡品、毗柔比星、普卡霉素、卟吩姆钠、泼尼莫司汀、司替泼尼松龙、泼尼松、倍美力、丙卡巴脐、重组人类红细胞生成素、雷替曲塞、利比、依替膦酸铼-186、美罗华、力度伸-A、罗莫肽、盐酸毛果芸香碱片剂、奥曲肽、沙莫司亭、司莫司汀、西佐喃、索布佐生、唬钠甲强龙、帕福斯酸、干细胞治疗、链佐星、氯化锶-89、左旋甲状腺素钠、他莫昔芬、坦舒洛辛、他索那明、tastolactone、泰索帝、替西硫津、替莫唑胺、替尼泊苷、丙酸睾酮、甲睾酮、硫鸟嘌呤、噻替哌、促甲状腺激素、替鲁膦酸、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、托西莫单抗、曲妥珠单抗、曲奥舒凡、维A酸、甲氨喋呤片剂、三甲基密胺、三甲曲沙、乙酸曲普瑞林、双羟萘酸曲普瑞林、优福定、尿苷、戊柔比星、维司力农、长春碱、长春新碱、长春酰胺、长春瑞滨、维鲁利秦、右旋丙亚胺、净司他丁斯酯、枢复宁、紫杉醇蛋白质稳定制剂、acolbifene、干扰素r-lb、affinitak、氨基喋呤、阿佐昔芬、asoprisnil、阿他美坦、阿曲生坦、BAY43-9006、阿瓦斯丁、CCI-779、CDC-501、西乐葆、西妥昔单抗、克立那托、环丙孕酮醋酸酯、地西他滨、DN-101、阿霉素-MTC、dSLIM、度他雄胺、edotecarin、 依氟鸟氨酸、依喜替康、芬维A胺、组胺二盐酸盐、组氨瑞林水凝胶植入物、钬-166DOTMP、伊班膦酸、干扰素γ、内含子-PEG、ixabepilone、匙孔形血蓝蛋白、L-651582、兰乐肽、拉索昔芬、libra、lonafamib、米泼昔芬、米诺屈酸酯、MS-209、脂质体MTP-PE、MX-6、那法瑞林、奈莫柔比星、新伐司他、诺拉曲特、奥利默森、onco-TCS、osidem、紫杉醇聚谷氨酸酯、帛米酸钠、PN-401、QS-21、夸西洋、R-154、雷洛昔芬、豹蛙酶、13-顺维A酸、沙铂、西奥骨化醇、T-138067、tarceva、二十二碳六烯酸紫杉醇、胸腺素αl、嘎唑呋林、tipifarnib、替拉扎明、TLK-286、托瑞米芬、反式MID-lo7R、伐司朴达、伐普肽、vatalanib、维替泊芬、长春氟宁、Z-100和唑来麟酸或它们的组合。
在本发明的另一实施方式中还提供了一种抗细菌感染的药物，由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料和/或载体制备得到，所述活性成分包括所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
本发明的用于预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物或者抗细菌感染的药物可以用于非人哺乳动物或者人。
本发明的用于预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物或者抗细菌感染的药物中所用的药学上可接受的辅料指的是：一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质，它们适合于人使用，而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。
“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组分能和本发明的活性成分(式I-式III所示的三级胺修饰的聚肽破膜材料)以及它们之间相互掺和，而不明显降低活性成分的药效。
本发明的用于预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物所用的药学上可接受的辅料包括但不限于如下材料中的一种或多种：溶剂、赋形剂、填料、增容剂、粘合剂、保湿剂、崩解剂、缓溶剂、吸收加速剂、吸附剂、稀释剂、增溶剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、悬浮剂、矫味剂和香料中的至少一种。
药学上可以接受的辅料部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂(如吐温
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000027
)、润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
本发明的活性成分或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制，代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于)：口服、直肠、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)等。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。
在这些固体剂型中，活性成分与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合，如柠檬酸钠或 磷酸二钙，或与下述成分混合：
(a)填料或增容剂，例如，淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸；
(b)粘合剂，例如，羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶；
(c)保湿剂，例如，甘油；
(d)崩解剂，例如，琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠；
(e)缓溶剂，例如，石蜡；
(f)吸收加速剂，例如，季胺化合物；
(g)润湿剂，例如，鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯；
(h)吸附剂，例如，高岭土；和
(i)润滑剂，例如，滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠，或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中，剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
所述的固体剂型还可采用包衣和壳材制备，如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂，并且，这种组合物中活性成分的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性成分外，液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂，如水或其它溶剂，增溶剂和乳化剂，例知，乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油，特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。除了这些惰性稀释剂外，组合物也可包含助剂，如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性成分外，悬浮液可包含悬浮剂，例如，乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液，和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
以下为具体实施例。
以下实施例中通过mPEG-NH 2引发R 1a-NCA、R 2-NCA共聚的聚合方法合成了聚肽，通过R 1a的侧链反应，引入三级胺，得到一系列破膜聚肽高分子材料。反应式以及相应简称如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000028
其中，mPEG-NH 2为引发剂，R 1a-NCA为侧链可修饰的氨基酸单体的N-羧酸酐，R 2-NCA为疏水氨基酸单体的N-羧酸酐，-N(R 4R 5)为可随着pH变化而发生质子化的三级胺结构。
当R 1a-NCA为Lys(Z)-NCA时，侧链修饰前需要用TFA/HBr/CH 3COOH脱保护。用于侧链修饰的含有三级胺结构的醇(R-OH)均是市场可以购买到的商业化产品，R-OH与羰基咪唑(CDI)先反应制备成R-CDI，再用于侧链修饰。
R-CDI是通过R-OH与CDI在二氯甲烷中反应制备，反应结束加入去离子水去掉未反应的CDI，通过二氯甲烷萃取分离，无水硫酸镁干燥得到R-CDI的二氯甲烷溶液，抽干即可。
侧链修饰的方法如下：将脱保护后的聚肽溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中，用注射器加入R-CDI(2倍过量)，并加入三乙胺搅拌反应24h，在乙醚中沉淀，抽干，用去离子水溶解，用截留分子量3500的透析袋在去离子水中透析24h，每2h换一次水，冻干，即得破膜聚肽。
当R 1a-NCA为BLG-NCA时，侧链修饰前需要用TFA/HBr/CH 3COOH脱保护。用于侧链修饰的含有三级胺结构的伯氨(R-NH 2)均是市场可以购买到的商业化产品，聚谷氨酸侧链的羧基先和BOP-Cl/DMAP反应，再和R-NH 2反应，用截留分子量3500的透析袋在去离子水中透析24h，每2h换一次水，冻干，即得破膜聚肽。
实施例1：三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚赖氨酸共聚物(聚肽)
(一)N,N-二乙基乙醇修饰的聚肽
y＝44，n＝33，m＝0，R-OH为N,N-二乙基乙醇。当用mPEG 44-NH 2引发Lys(Z)-NCA时，脱保护得到mPEG 44-PLys 33，通过CDI把N,N-二乙基乙醇修饰到聚赖氨酸的侧链，研究三级胺修饰聚赖氨酸侧链对聚赖氨酸pKa和螺旋结构的影响。反应方程式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000029
具体步骤如下：
(1)称取10g的Lys(Z)用油泵抽过夜，转入手套箱中，加入250mL的四氢呋喃(THF)，转出，置于冰浴上搅拌，加入11.5g的三光气，接上冷凝管，搅拌约10min，转入油浴中，50℃反应约2.5h，抽干后转入手套箱中，用乙酸乙酯溶解，在正己烷中重结晶三次，抽干，得Lys(N)-NCA，备用。
(2)甲苯共沸除去mPEG 44-NH 2中的水汽，抽干后转入手套箱备用。
(3)称取500mg的mPEG 44-NH 2溶解于5mL的二氯甲烷中，得mPEG 44-NH 2溶液。称取10.0g的Lys(N)-NCA溶于30mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，用注射器一次性将mPEG 44-NH 2溶液加到DMF溶液中，反应24h，抽干反应液体，加入10mL二氯甲烷溶解，滴加到正己烷中沉淀，去掉上清，抽干得到聚合物mPEG 44-PLys(Z) 33，备用。通过凝胶渗透色谱对其表征，如图1，聚合物是PDI＝1.12的单峰分布，通过核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征，如图2，根据核磁的积分面积计算聚合度为33。
(4)称取步骤(3)制备的聚合物mPEG 44-PLys(Z) 335.0g，溶解于5mL的CF 3COOH，加入6.0mLHBr/CH 3COOH，反应4h，用油泵抽干溶液，加入DMF溶解，沉淀到乙醚中，去掉上清，抽干后用去离子水溶解，用截留分子量3500的透析袋在去离子水中透析24h，每2h换一次水，冻干，得到mPEG 44-PLys 33，备用。通过核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征，如图3，苄氧羰基离去，在5.0ppm和7.25ppm处峰消失，并且g峰有明显的变化，证明已经成功脱保护。
(5)将CDI置于圆底烧瓶中，加入无水二氯甲烷搅拌分散(1.0g CDI加5mL二氯甲烷)， 胶塞封口，用注射器缓慢加入N,N-二乙基乙醇(CDI过量2倍)，溶液逐渐澄清，反应4h后添加与二氯甲烷等量的去离子水，反应约5min，分液漏斗取下层二氯甲烷相，加入无水硫酸镁干燥1h，过滤去除固体，得到溶液并抽干，即N,N-二乙基乙醇-CDI(DE-CDI)。通过核磁氢谱对其进行表征，如图4，各峰积分面积对应，证明DE-CDI键合成功。
(6)将mPEG 44-PLys 33溶解于DMF中，用注射器加入DE-CDI(过量2倍)，加入三乙胺(与赖氨酸侧链氨基等量)，反应24h，滴加到无水乙醚中沉淀，去掉乙醚，抽干，用DMSO溶解，用3.5k的透析袋装载，在去离子水透析24h，2h换一次水，冻干，得到用N,N-二乙基乙醇修饰的mPEG 44-PLys 33备用(mPEG 44-PLys-DE 33)。通过核磁氢谱对其结构进行表征，如图5，修饰后g峰明显向低场位移，通过计算证明已经完全键合。
(7)取100μL浓盐酸(37％，12mol)加入100mL的去离子水中，充分溶解得到澄清透明溶液。用10mL盐酸溶液溶解10mg步骤(6)制备的聚合物材料(mPEG 44-PLys-DE 33)，并将pH探头伸入液面下，搅拌状态下(搅拌速度Mot＝3)，使用0.5M的氢氧化钠滴定液滴定。待pH计稳定后记录读数，同时在一些pH值时取液体测圆二色谱，测完放回，并继续滴定。直到滴定结果为pH＝11结束。通过对滴定曲线求导得到极值点，定为质子化率为1和0点，建立pH和质子化率曲线，如图6中的A，可以看出，当三级胺修饰聚赖氨酸侧链氨基后，聚肽的pKa明显降低。通过对圆二色谱图的计算分析得到聚合物螺旋度和pH的关系曲线，如图6中的B，可以看出，当三级胺修饰聚赖氨酸侧链氨基后，聚肽的螺旋转变的临界pH明显降低。结果如下表：
聚肽 pKa 螺旋转变临界pH
mPEG 44-PLys 33 9.47 9.98
mPEG 44-PLys-DE 33 7.89 7.4
从结果可以看出，三级胺修饰可以明显降低聚赖氨酸的pKa，有望实现在pH＝7.4环境下实现低质子化，从而降低其在生理条件下的破膜活性。
(二)R 3为不同亚烷基的聚肽
y＝44，n＝33，m＝0，即引发剂为mPEG 44-NH 2(分子量2000)，赖氨酸聚合度为33，R 4和R 5为乙基，与氮原子构成的结构为：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000030
研究R 3为不同的亚烷基对聚赖氨酸pKa和螺旋结构的影响。具体反应方程式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000031
其中R-OH的结构分别如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000032
即R 3分别为：亚乙基、亚丙基、亚戊基。
具体步骤如下：
mPEG 44-Lys 33和实施例1中的mPEG 44-Lys 33是同一批次聚肽。
将CDI置于圆底烧瓶中，加入无水二氯甲烷搅拌分散(1g CDI加5mL二氯甲烷)，胶塞封口，用注射器缓慢加入R-OH(CDI过量2倍)，溶液逐渐澄清，反应4h后添加与二氯甲烷等量的去离子水，反应约5min，分液漏斗取下层二氯甲烷相，加入无水硫酸镁干燥1h，过滤去除固体，得到溶液并抽干，即R-CDI。将mPEG 44-PLys 33溶解于DMF中，用注射器加入R-CDI(过量2倍)，加入三乙胺(与赖氨酸侧链氨基等量)，反应24h，滴加到无水乙醚中沉淀，去掉乙醚，抽干，用DMSO溶解，用3500的透析袋装载，在去离子水中透析24h，2h换一次水，冻干，得到R 3分别为亚乙基、亚丙基、亚戊基的三级胺修饰mPEG 44-PLys 33(分别记为mPEG 44-PLys-DE 33、mPEG 44-PLys-C 3-DE 33、mPEG 44-PLys-C 5-DE 33)，核磁氢谱如图7所示。
同(一)的方法滴定三个聚肽的pKa和圆二色谱，结果如图8中的A和B所示，当R 3从亚乙基增加到亚戊基时，三级胺的中心氮原子离主链越来越远，pKa也越来越大，螺旋转变的临界pH也越来越大。详细结果如下表：
R 3 聚肽 pKa 螺旋转变临界pH
C 2 mPEG 44-PLys-DE 33 7.89 7.40
C 3 mPEG 44-PLys-C 3-DE 33 8.20 7.83
C 5 mPEG 44-PLys-C 5-DE 33 8.69 8.20
注：C 2/C 3/C 5表示为亚乙基、亚丙基、亚戊基。
(三)PEG分子量对聚肽pH响应性的影响
选择不同分子量的PEG-NH 2为引发剂，得到相近聚合度的聚赖氨酸，选择结构为N,N- 二乙基乙醇的三级胺修饰，研究不同分子量的PEG对修饰后的聚赖氨酸pKa和螺旋结构的影响。反应方程式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000033
其中mPEG-NH 2分别为：mPEG 9-NH 2、mPEG 44-NH 2、mPEG 112-NH 2。
具体步骤如下：
(1)甲苯共沸除去mPEG 9-NH 2、mPEG 44-NH 2、mPEG 112-NH 2中的水汽，油泵抽过夜，转入手套箱。
(2)在手套箱中称取Lys(Z)-NCA于圆底烧瓶中，按照35倍于引发剂(mPEG 9-NH 2、mPEG 44-NH 2、mPEG 112-NH 2)的量称取，并加入DMF溶解，称取引发剂溶解于3mL二氯甲烷，并加到Lys(Z)-NCA溶液中搅拌反应24h，红外示踪，反应结束后抽掉溶剂，用3mL二氯甲烷溶解，滴到乙醚和正己烷(V:V＝1:1)中沉淀，去掉上清，沉淀2次，抽干，如图9所示，聚合物都是单峰分布。
(3)称取步骤(2)制备的聚合物2.0g，溶解于3mL的CF 3COOH，加入3.0mLHBr/CH 3COOH，反应4h，用油泵抽干溶液，加入DMF溶解，沉淀到乙醚中，去掉上清，抽干后用去离子水溶解，用截留分子量3500的透析袋在去离子水中透析24h，每2h换一次水，冻干备用。
(4)将CDI置于圆底烧瓶中，加入无水二氯甲烷搅拌分散(1g CDI加5mL二氯甲烷)，胶塞封口，用注射器缓慢加入N,N-二乙基乙醇CDI过量2倍)，溶液逐渐澄清，反应4h后添加与二氯甲烷等量的去离子水，反应约5min，分液漏斗取下层二氯甲烷相，加入无水硫酸镁干燥1h，过滤去除固体，得到溶液并抽干，即N,N-二乙基乙醇-CDI。将步骤(3)制备的聚合 物溶解于DMF中，用注射器加入N,N-二乙基乙醇-CDI(过量2倍)，加入三乙胺(与赖氨酸侧链氨基等量)，反应24h，滴加到无水乙醚中沉淀，去掉乙醚，抽干，用DMSO溶解，用3500的透析袋装载，在去离子水透析24h，2h换一次水，冻干，得到用N,N-二乙基乙醇修饰的聚赖氨酸，备用，核磁氢谱如图10。
同(一)的方法滴定得到三种聚肽的质子化率曲线和螺旋度变化曲线。结果如图11和下表所示，PEG链长越长，pKa越大，但是PEG 9的亲水性比PEG 44差，会导致聚合物组装形成的纳米颗粒的稳定性比PEG 44差。
y pKa
9 7.45
44 7.89
112 7.94
注：y为PEG聚合度。
(四)不同三级胺的修饰对聚肽pH响应性的影响
选择mPEG 44-NH 2引发Lys(Z)-NCA聚合，并在HBr/CH 3COOH中脱保护得到mPEG 44-PLys 86，通过CDI将三级胺修饰到聚赖氨酸侧链得到一系列不同三级胺修饰的聚赖氨酸破膜高分子材料，研究不同三级胺结构对聚赖氨酸pKa和螺旋结构的影响。反应方程式如：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000034
其中R-OH为下列结构中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000035
具体步骤如下：
同(一)的方法大量合成mPEG 44-PLys(Z) 86的聚赖氨酸，通过在HBr/CH 3COOH中脱保护得到mPEG 44-PLys 86，将各含有三级胺结构的醇R-OH通过CDI键合到聚肽mPEG 44-PLys 86的侧链，并用核磁氢谱对其结构进行表征，如图12所示。同(一)的方法滴定得到质子化率曲线和螺旋度变化曲线。
比较6种三级胺修饰对聚肽pKa和螺旋结构的影响，结果如图13所示，随着疏水性的增加，pKa逐渐降低，螺旋转变的临界pH也逐渐降低，其中N,N-二丁基乙二醇修饰聚肽的pKa最低。具体见下表：
R-OH pKa 螺旋转变临界pH
DE 7.34 7.18
DiP 7.32 7.18
DB 6.09 5.94
C5 7.76 7.40
C6 7.12 7.00
C7 7.33 6.81
(五)聚赖氨酸分子量对pH响应性的影响
y＝44，m＝0，R-OH为N,N-二丁基乙醇。选择mPEG 44-NH 2引发Lys(Z)-NCA，得到不同聚合度的聚肽，并在HBr/CH 3COOH中脱保护得到mPEG-PLys，通过CDI将N,N-二丁基乙二醇修饰到不同聚合度的聚肽侧链，研究不同聚合度对修饰后的聚肽pKa和螺旋结构的影响。
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000036
其中n＝10/33/61/86/128。
调控引发剂mPEG 44-NH 2和单体Lys(Z)-NCA的比例，聚合得到了不同聚合度的mPEG-PLys(Z)，通过GPC对其进行表征，如图14，各聚合物都具有单分散性。
进一步脱保护得到mPEG-PLys(核磁氢谱如图15所示)，通过CDI将N,N-二丁基乙二醇修饰到不同聚合度的聚肽侧链，并滴定所得修饰后的聚合物，得到质子化曲线和螺旋度曲线(方法同(一))。结果如图16所示，随着聚合度的增加，三级胺修饰的聚肽的pKa明显下降，螺旋转变的临界pH先下降再升高。具体见下表：
n pKa 螺旋转变临界pH
10 7.25 6.80
33 6.85 6.20
61 6.33 5.55
86 6.09 5.94
128 5.85 5.81
(六)按本实施例同样方法合成了不同分子量、不同三级胺修饰的聚肽库(核磁氢谱如图17-图22所示)，其中R-OH为DB或下列结构中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000037
在含有150mM的NaCl溶液中滴定聚肽的pKa，具体pKa和聚肽分子量关系如下表所示：
主链结构 C5P2 DMP C6P DMP2 C5P DB
mPEG 112-PLys 30 6.21 6.56 6.52 7.20 6.22 6.61
mPEG 44-PLys 10 6.50 6.77 6.64 7.31 6.48 6.76
mPEG 44-PLys 33 6.0 6.02 6.35 7.05 6.30 6.59
mPEG 44-PLys 86 5.97 6.08 6.03 7.05 6.25 6.48
根据pKa结果可以发现，总体而言，随着mPEG分子量的增加，pKa增加；随着聚赖氨酸分子量的增加，pKa降低；随着三级胺疏水性的增加，pKa降低。mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86在含有150mM的NaCl溶液中，聚肽的pKa比在去离子水中高，说明聚肽的pKa也受到盐的影响。
(七)不同方式引入三级胺基团
除了通过含有羟基的三级胺和赖氨酸侧链氨基反应将三级胺基团引入到聚肽侧链，还可以通过含有羧基的三级胺和聚赖氨酸侧链氨基反应引入三级胺，以1-哌啶乙酸和聚赖氨酸反应为例。
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000038
将0.7g的1-哌啶乙酸、1.5g的DCC和0.7g的NHS溶于10mL的无水二氯甲烷中反应4h，过滤除去漂浮的杂质DCC，将二氯甲烷溶液抽干，得到活化的中间体。取300mg的mPEG 44-PLys 86溶于5mL的DMF，将溶液加到活化的中间体中，并加入100mg三乙胺，继续反应过夜，用截留分子量为3500的透析袋透析，冻干，得到mPEG 44-PLys-CC6 86。其核磁谱图如图23所示，证明结构正确；通过滴定，得到其pKa为7.15，如图24所示。
实施例2三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸共聚物(聚肽)
除了通过含有羟基的三级胺或者含有羧基的三级胺和赖氨酸侧链氨基反应将三级胺基团引入到聚肽侧链，还可以通过用含有氨基的三级胺和谷氨酸侧链羧基反应等形式将三级胺基团引入到聚肽侧链，本实施例以N,N-二丁基乙胺和聚谷氨酸反应为例制备三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸共聚物。
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000039
具体步骤如下：
(1)称取4.0g的BLG于250mL圆底烧瓶中，用油泵抽过夜，转入手套箱中，加入150mL的四氢呋喃(THF)，转出，置于冰浴上搅拌，加入6.0g的三光气，接上冷凝管，搅拌约10min，转入油浴中，50℃反应约2.5h，抽干后转入手套箱中，用乙酸乙酯溶解，在正己烷中重结晶三次，抽干，得BLG-NCA，备用。
(2)甲苯共沸除去mPEG 44-NH 2中的水汽，抽干后转入手套箱备用。
(3)称取500mg的mPEG 44-NH 2溶解于5mL的二氯甲烷中，得mPEG 44-NH 2溶液。称取2.0g的BLG-NCA溶于20mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，用注射器一次性将mPEG 44-NH 2溶液加到DMF溶液中，反应24h，抽干反应液体，加入10mL二氯甲烷溶解，滴加到正己烷中沉淀，去掉上清，抽干得到聚合物mPEG 44-PBLG 30，备用。通过凝胶渗透色谱对其表征，如图25，聚合物 是单峰分布，通过核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征，如图26，根据核磁的积分面积计算聚合度为30。
(4)称取步骤(3)制备的聚合物mPEG 44-PBLG 302.0g，溶解于5mL的CF 3COOH，加入6.0mLHBr/CH 3COOH，反应4h，用油泵抽干溶液，加入DMF溶解，沉淀到乙醚中，去掉上清，抽干后用去离子水溶解，用截留分子量3500的透析袋在去离子水中透析24h，每2h换一次水，冻干，得到mPEG 44-PLG 30，备用。
(5)将mPEG 44-PLG 30(重复单元eq 1)、BOP-Cl(eq 7)、DMAP(eq 0.7)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，置于冰浴中搅拌，并通入氮气吹洗15min，随后加入2倍过量的N,N-二丁基乙胺，再通入氮气吹洗15mins，之后加入TEA(eq 7)，50℃恒温反应72h。反应结束后将产物在超纯水中透析48h，每小时换一次水。透析后产物在超纯水中冻干处理，得到mPEG 44-PLG-DB 30，核磁氢谱如图27所示，结构正确。
(6)取100μL浓盐酸(37％，12mol)加入100mL的去离子水中(含有150mM的NaCl)，充分溶解得到澄清透明溶液。用10mL盐酸溶液溶解10mg步骤(5)制备的聚合物材料(mPEG 44-PLG-DB 30)，并将pH探头伸入液面下，搅拌状态下(搅拌速度Mot＝3)，使用0.5M的氢氧化钠滴定液滴定。待pH计稳定后记录读数，同时在一些pH值时取液体测圆二色谱，测完放回，并继续滴定。直到滴定结果为pH＝11结束，其pKa为7.86(如图28所示)，相比mPEG 44-PLys-DB 33(pKa为6.59)，pKa明显增加。
实施例3三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚肽(聚赖氨酸或者聚谷氨酸)在pH 7.4下的细胞毒性
通过红细胞溶血实验测定聚肽在pH 7.4下的细胞毒性。具体检测方法如下：
1)将羊全血轻轻摇匀后，取1mL全血到50mL离心管中，用1×PBS稀释到25mL(即配制4％的羊血)，4℃暂存备用；
2)聚肽储备液准备：用去离子水将聚肽溶解成10mg/ml的储备液，并用调节pH到pH 7.4；
3)配置2×药物溶液：用PBS将聚肽储备液稀释至1600μg/mL，随后使用PBS进行梯度稀释，得到各聚肽的一系列2×药物药物储备液；
4)加样：取上述配制好的2×药物溶液于EP管中，再加入等体积的4％的羊血，最终各聚肽的工作液浓度为50-800μg/mL，移液器轻轻吹打混匀；
5)同时，以终浓度0.1％Triton-X100为阳性对照，而PBS溶液为阴性对照；
6)将所有样品放入37℃恒温培养箱中孵育1小时；
7)取出样品，将其置于离心机中，室温下1000rpm离心5分钟；
8)离心后，吸取100μL各样品上清溶液于96孔板；使用酶标仪测试576nm吸光值；
9)将含药物孵育的实验组吸光值定义为I 实验组，PBS与红细胞共孵育的对照组吸光值定义为I 阴性对照，终浓度0.1％的Triton-X100与血红细胞共孵育的对照组吸光值定义为I 阳性对照；再根据公式[(I 实验组-I 阴性对照)/(I 阳性对照-I 阴性对照)]×100％，计算红细胞溶血率。
结果如图29所示：大部分聚肽在800μg/mL的高浓度下也没有明显的溶血活性；当三级胺为DMP2时，聚肽有较强的溶血活性；当三级胺为DB、赖氨酸的聚合度为10或者30左右时，聚肽表现出一定的溶血活性，mPEG 44-PLG-DB 30也具有较高的溶血活性，这可能是由于其pKa较高。DMP2三级胺修饰的聚肽具有较高的溶血活性，可能是由于这一系列聚肽的pKa较高；而其他含苯环的三级胺修饰的聚肽具有较低的溶血活性，可能是苯环让纳米颗粒更稳定；N,N-二丁基(DB)修饰的聚肽在低聚合度时具有溶血活性，高聚合度时溶血活性低，这是因为聚合度较高时，聚肽pKa较低，可以组装成比较紧密的颗粒，溶血较低。
实施例4三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚肽(聚赖氨酸或者聚谷氨酸)的pH响应性抗癌活性
(一)通过MTT法测定聚肽在pH＝6.8条件下对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性：
1)肿瘤细胞按每孔1万个细胞铺于96孔板中，培养过夜后使用；
2)使用pH 6.8的培养基配制系列浓度的聚肽，同时以无药物组作为对照组；
3)取出孔板，除去培养基上清，并按100μL/孔加入对应含药物的培养基，将细胞置于37℃培养箱中培养；
4)在特定时间点，取出细胞，除去上清，再加入含0.5mg/mLMTT的培养基，继续培养2-4小时；
5)弃上清，每孔加入100μLDMSO，在摇床上避光震荡10分钟，使结晶物充分溶解；
6)使用酶标仪测试490nm处的吸光值，将含药物孵育的实验组吸光值定义为I 实验组，无药物和细胞的培养基组吸光值定义为I阴性对照，不加药物的细胞作为阳性对照组，吸光值定义为I 阳性对照；再根据公式[(I 实验组-I 阴性对照)/(I 阳性对照-I 阴性对照)]×100％，计算细胞的存活率，并作图。
结果显示mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86和mPEG 44-PLys-C6P 10以及mPEG 44-PLys-CC6 86聚肽对Panc02细胞(图30)和MC38细胞(图31)都具有较高的杀伤活性。
(二)测试mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86和mPEG 44-PLys-C6P 10两种聚肽在不同pH下对肿瘤细胞的杀伤选择性
用本实施例(一)中的相同方法测试两种聚肽在不同pH下对肿瘤细胞的杀伤选择性，结果显示：聚肽mPEG 44-PLys-C6P 10在4h对肿瘤细胞具有较好的pH选择性(图32)，聚肽mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86在24小时对肿瘤细胞具有较好的pH选择性(图33)。
实施例5研究聚肽的细胞杀伤方式
本实施例通过高内涵研究聚肽的细胞杀伤方式，具体步骤如下：
1)细胞种板：按15000cells/well密度种于高内涵96孔板中，37℃、5％二氧化碳培养箱中过夜培养。
2)药物配制：将聚肽分别使用各pH培养基配好，共12个pH(pH 7.4-6.3)。为使加药方便，先配置于细菌用96孔板中，每孔加入120μL相应pH的培养基后加入4.8μL材料(5mg/ml)使用排枪混合均匀。
3)药物处理：吸取高内涵96孔板中原有培养基，用排枪吸取100μL预先配好的聚肽各pH的培养基轻轻加入到高内涵96孔板中。
4)细胞成像：在材料处理两小时后、八小时后分别每孔中心3*3分别进行成像(EGFP、mCherry两个通道和明场)。
5)选取合适的图片(四种类型：明场、GFP、mCherry和merge图)保存。
结果如图34所示，随着pH降低和时间的延长，视野里出现大量绿色荧光(细胞膜)，而红色的mCherry荧光淬灭，说明聚肽破坏了细胞膜结构，导致内容物mCherry泄露。
实施例6体内抗肿瘤效果
本实施例通过体内抑瘤实验评价抗肿瘤效果，具体步骤如下：
1)采用含10％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(Gibco)扩增培养EMT6肿瘤细胞；
2)使用1×PBS清洗细胞，加入含有EDTA的0.25％胰酶(碧云天)，于37℃消化数分钟；1000rpm离心5分钟后弃上清，用无血清的培养基重悬细胞沉淀；
3)模型构建：
小鼠原位EMT6乳腺癌肿瘤模型：无血清的培养基重悬和调整EMT6细胞浓度为6.0×10 6细胞/mL；于雌性BABL/C小鼠右侧第二乳房脂肪垫注射50μL细胞悬液；
4)EMT6肿瘤模型肿瘤体积计算方法见公式：V＝长×宽 2/2。
5)待肿瘤体积大约50mm 3时，将荷瘤小鼠随机分为3组。按以下分组尾静脉注射：PBS，30mg/kg、60mg/kg所需评价的药物。
6)测量并记录肿瘤长径和短径，按照公式计算肿瘤体积。
结果如图35所示，mPEG 44-PLys-DB 86表现出明显的剂量依赖性，60mg/kg给药剂量可以很好的抑制肿瘤生长并不带来明显毒性，并且表现出和抗细胞程序性死亡配体1的抗体(αPD1)具有联合治疗效果。
实施例7三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚肽的pH响应性抗菌活性
实施例1制备的聚肽库中很多聚肽具有较低的溶血活性，除了抗肿瘤活性以外，还具有抗菌活性。本实施例抗菌实验所用到的细菌菌株包括革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌Escherichia coli，ATCC35218、铜绿假单胞菌P.aeruginosa ATCC27853)。
(一)三级胺修饰的聚乙二醇-聚肽对大肠杆菌的杀菌活性
抗菌实验所使用的试剂制备简述如下：
1)LB(Luria-Bertani)培养基的配制：称取10g蛋白胨，5g酵母粉和10g氯化钠溶解于1L超纯水中，高温高压灭菌(121℃灭菌20min)，降至室温后4℃保存备用。
2)LB琼脂的配制：称取36g LB琼脂粉末，溶解于1L超纯水中，高温高压灭菌(121℃灭菌20min)。待LB琼脂降至合适温度(～50℃)时，倒入60mm无菌培养皿中，待LB琼脂凝固后4℃保存备用。
3)M9培养基的配制：称取17.1g Na 2HPO 4·12H 2O，3.0g KH 2PO 4，0.5gNaCl，1.0g NH 4Cl和4g D-(+)-葡萄糖，溶解于1L无菌超纯水中，依次加入0.1mL 1mol/L CaCl 2溶液以及2mL 1mol/L MgSO 4，溶解完全后，调节pH值为6.0、6.2、6.4、6.5、6.6、6.8、7.0、7.2、7.4，0.22μm无菌滤膜除菌，4℃保存备用。
抗菌实验所使用细菌的培养及处理方法简述如下：
1)ATCC35218(E.coli)均使用LB培养基于温度为37℃、转速为220rpm的台式恒温振荡器中培养。使用传代12-16h的平台期细菌，传代比例为LB培养基：菌液＝200:1(v:v)；
2)如无特殊说明，所有实验使用的细菌均需经过以下处理后进行使用：无菌1×PBS洗涤3次(离心条件：10,000rpm，1min)，最后一次离心后使用无菌1×PBS重悬细菌，取100μL上述菌液加到900μL无菌PBS中(稀释10倍)，取稀释10倍的菌液到石英比色皿中，并且以1×无菌PBS扣除背景，600nm下测试菌液的吸光度，根据细菌吸光度计算原始菌液的细菌浓度。
所有细菌相关实验均在生物安全柜中操作，所使用的所有试剂和耗材均进行高温高压灭菌(121℃灭菌20min)处理或使用0.22μm无菌滤膜处理。
细菌培养及预处理后，用pH 6.5的M9培养基将平台期菌液稀释至1×10 6CFU/mL；将聚肽用pH 6.5的M9培养基配制成32μg/mL，将系列聚肽与细菌等体积混匀，对照组为等体积的空白M9培养基与细菌混匀，将所有体系于37℃孵育2h；充分涡旋后涂板，琼脂板置于培养箱中培养过夜后，比较各材料组之间的菌落数目，并与空白对照组比较，菌落数目越少表明抗菌效果越好。
结果如图36所示，相比于对照组，本发明的聚肽具有一定的杀菌效果，其中mPEG 44-PLys-DB 33和mPEG 44-PLys-C5P 33两种聚肽的杀菌效果更好。
(二)mPEG 44-PLys-C5P 33对铜绿假单胞菌的杀菌活性。
细菌培养及预处理后(方法同(一))，分别用pH 7.4、7.2、7.0、6.8、6.6、6.4、6.2、6.0的M9培养基将平台期菌液稀释至1×10 6CFU/mL，用pH 7.4、7.2、7.0、6.8、6.6、6.4、6.2、6.0的M9培养基配制32μg/mL的聚肽溶液，将聚肽溶液与细菌等体积孵育，空白对照为等体积的不同pH的M9培养基，于37℃孵育4h，用冷LB稀释10倍、100倍，充分涡旋后取稀释液涂板，琼脂板置于培养箱中培养过夜后，计算菌落数。将空白M9培养基组表面细菌数量作为对应pH的空白对照组。计算细菌存活率，结果为2个平行琼脂板(n＝2)的平均值±s.d.。结果如图37所示，说明聚肽在pKa附近具有较好的杀菌活性。
实施例8：疏水基团掺杂的聚肽
本实施例合成了一系列含有不同疏水基团的氨基酸与赖氨酸共聚的聚肽。
(一)亮氨酸共聚的聚肽
本实施例选择mPEG 44-NH 2引发Lys(Z)-NCA和Leu-NCA以不同比例共聚，得到总聚合度(n+m)接近的聚合物mPEG-P(Lys(Z)-co-Leu)，并在HBr/CH 3COOH中脱保护得到mPEG-P(Lys-co-Leu)，分别用N-羟基乙基哌啶和2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰聚赖氨酸侧链，研究疏水性亮氨酸掺杂比例对聚肽pKa和螺旋结构的影响。反应方程式如：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000040
其中R-OH为：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000041
即R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形 成如下结构：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000042
合成mPEG-P(Lys(Z)-co-Leu)的投料比例如下表，为了方便，对其编号：
编号 0 1 2 3 4 5
Leu理论聚合度 0 10 20 30 40 50
Lys(Z)理论聚合度 100 90 80 70 60 50
mPEG 44-NH 2投料质量/g 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Leu-NCA投料质量/g 0 0.0756 0.1512 0.2268 0.3023 0.3779
Lys(Z)-NCA投料质量/g 1.5316 1.3784 1.2252 1.0721 0.9619 0.7658
具体步骤如下：
(1)将mPEG 44-NH 2用甲苯共沸除去少量水汽，油泵抽干，转入手套箱备用。
(2)按照上表称取Leu-NCA和Lys(Z)-NCA于各个样品瓶中，加入5mL的DMF溶解，分别称取0.1g的mPEG 44-NH 2溶解于二氯甲烷中，将溶液加到单体中，反应24h，红外示踪，反应结束后抽干溶剂，用2.0mL的二氯甲烷溶解，沉淀到乙醚和正己烷中，去掉上清，重复沉淀两次，抽干备用。通过凝胶色谱分析，确认聚合物都具有单分散性，如图38所示。
(3)分别将步骤(2)制备的聚合物溶解在2mL的CF 3COOH，加入2.0mLHBr/CH 3COOH，反应4h，用油泵抽干溶液，加入DMF溶解，沉淀到乙醚中，去掉上清，抽干后用去离子水溶解，用截留分子量3500的透析袋在去离子水中透析24h，每2h换一次水，冻干备用。通过核磁表征证明结构正确，完全脱保护，如图39所示。
(4)将CDI置于圆底烧瓶中，加入无水二氯甲烷搅拌分散(1g CDI加5mL二氯甲烷)，胶塞封口，用注射器缓慢加入N-羟基乙基哌啶或者2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇(CDI过量2倍)，溶液逐渐澄清，反应4h后添加与二氯甲烷等量的去离子水，反应约5min，分液漏斗取下层二氯甲烷相，加入无水硫酸镁干燥1h，过滤去除固体，得到溶液并抽干，即R-CDI。
(5)将系列聚合物分别溶解于DMF中，用注射器加入R-CDI(过量2倍)，加入三乙胺(与赖氨酸侧链氨基等量)，反应24h，滴加到无水乙醚中沉淀，去掉乙醚，抽干，用DMSO溶解，用3500的透析袋装载，在去离子水中透析24h，2h换一次水，冻干备用。通过核磁表征证明结构正确，完全修饰，如图40和图41所示。
滴定所得修饰后的聚合物，得到质子化曲线和螺旋度曲线(方法同实施例1)。其中，
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000043
修饰后的聚肽，如图42所示，随着亮氨酸掺杂比例增加，聚肽的pKa逐步降低， 在pH＝2时，聚肽侧链的三级胺完全质子化，此时，随着亮氨酸比例增加，多肽从非螺旋到稳定的螺旋结构，可能是共聚物中亮氨酸分散了侧链的电荷相互作用。计算pH＝6.8和pH＝7.4时的质子化率和螺旋度，并将亮氨酸所占多肽嵌段的比例作为一个参考指标进行分析，PD表示质子化率，具体数据如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000044
当
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000045
修饰多肽后，如图43所示，也可得到相似的变化规律，由于七元环更加疏水，所以pKa变化也更加明显。具体如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000046
(二)苯丙氨酸共聚的聚肽
本实施例选择mPEG 44-NH 2(mPEG 2k-NH 2)引发Lys(Z)-NCA和Phe-NCA以不同比例共聚，得到总聚合度(n+m)接近的聚合物，并在HBr/CH 3COOH中脱保护得到mPEG-P(Lys-co-Phe)，分别用N-羟基乙基哌啶和2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰聚赖氨酸侧链，研究疏水性苯丙氨酸掺杂比例对聚肽对其pKa和螺旋结构的影响。反应方程式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000047
其中R-OH为：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000048
即R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下结构：
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000049
具体步骤同本实施例2中的(一)，具体投料如下表所示：
编号 2 3 4 5
Phe理论聚合度 20 30 40 50
Lys(Z)理论聚合度 80 70 60 50
mPEG 44-NH 2投料质量/g 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Phe-NCA投料质量/g 0.19 0.29 0.38 0.48
Lys(Z)-NCA投料质量/g 1.22 1.07 0.92 0.76
所得未修饰的聚合物mPEG-P(Lys(Z)-co-Phe)通过凝胶渗透色谱表征，如图44所示，为单峰分布；其核磁谱图如图45所示，计算聚合度。在酸性条件下脱保护，通过N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰后的聚肽核磁如图46所示，已经修饰完全。通过2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰后的聚肽核磁如图47所示，已经修饰完全。通过滴定，如图48所示，随着苯丙氨酸的比例增加，聚肽的pKa逐渐降低。
N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰后滴定结果如下表所示：
序号 n m pKa
2 85 22 7.28
3 76 32 7.2
4 62 43 7.06
5 54 53 6.92
2-(六甲撑亚胺)乙醇修饰后滴定结果如下表所示：
序号 n m pKa
2 85 22 7.22
3 76 32 6.9
4 62 43 6.98
5 54 53 6.83
将本实施例(二)中的mPEG 44-NH 2替换成mPEG 112-NH 2，合成Lys(Z)-NCA和Phe-NCA以不同比例共聚的聚肽，合成步骤与本实施例的(一)相同。
具体投料比例如下表：
编号 0 1 2 3 4 5
Phe理论聚合度 0 10 20 30 40 50
Lys(Z)理论聚合度 100 90 80 70 60 50
mPEG 112-NH 2投料质量/g 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Phe-NCA投料质量/g 0 0.076 0.152 0.229 0.306 0.382
Lys(Z)-NCA投料质量/g 1.225 1.103 0.980 0.857 0.735 0.612
所得聚合物通过凝胶渗透色谱表征，如图49所示，为单峰分布。脱保护后的核磁氢谱表征如图50所示，完全脱保护，通过N-羟基乙基哌啶修饰，得到聚肽产物通过核磁氢谱表征如图51所示，完全修饰。经过滴定(方法同实施例1)得到质子化率曲线，如图52所示，可以看出，随着苯丙氨酸的比例增加，聚肽的pKa逐渐降低，且比mPEG 44-NH 2引发的聚合物的pKa偏大。
序号 n m pKa
0 90 0 7.33
1 80 10 7.29
2 70 20 7.25
3 65 35 7.16
4 55 40 7.05
5 50 50 6.95
(三)正亮氨酸(NorLeu)、L-氨基辛酸(S-Capryline)或者色氨酸共聚的聚肽
采用本实施例的(一)相同的方法，通过共聚不同比例的正亮氨酸得到一系列聚合物，其凝胶渗透色谱表征如图53所示，聚合物都是单峰分布；根据核磁计算聚合物的聚合度，如图54所示；脱保护后的核磁氢谱表征如图55所示，证明脱保护完全；最后用N-羟基乙基哌啶的三级胺修饰，得到具有pH响应的聚肽产物，其核磁氢谱如图56所示，证明完全修饰。
采用本实施例的(一)相同的方法，制备得到哌啶环三级胺修饰的L-氨基辛酸共聚的聚肽，核磁如图57所示，证明结构正确。
采用本实施例的(一)相同的方法，得到疏水氨基酸为色氨酸，且掺杂比例为50％情况下的聚肽mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)，核磁结果如图58所示，证明结构正确。
在含有150mM的氯化钠体系中滴定聚肽的pKa，结果如下表所示：随着疏水单体掺杂比例越高，聚肽的pKa越低。
Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-000050
(四)疏水基团掺杂聚肽的抗肿瘤活性及选择性。
测试本实施例制备的系列共聚的聚肽大分子材料在正常组织和肿瘤组织特征pH下的细胞毒性，具体实验方法同实施例3和实施例4。
聚肽的溶血毒性结果如图59所示，聚肽的溶血活性不仅仅和pKa有关，还和疏水单体的亲疏水性有关，结果显示含有苯丙氨酸共聚的聚肽具有较低的溶血活性，这可能和β-折叠结构有关。
不同pH下的肿瘤细胞杀伤结果如图60和图61所示，疏水基团掺杂的聚肽均具有较好的肿瘤杀伤选择性，其中，含有苯环结构的聚肽具有更好的肿瘤杀伤选择性和较低的溶血毒性，这可能是因为苯环结构更有利于纳米颗粒的稳定。
(五)疏水基团掺杂聚肽的杀伤机制
细胞凋亡或坏死而造成的细胞膜结构的破坏会导致细胞浆内的酶释放到培养液里，其中包括酶活性较为稳定的乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)。本发明的聚肽具有两亲性结构，会通过与细胞质膜发生作用而杀死细胞。以mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)为例，测定细胞死亡过程中LDH释放，具体方法如下：
1)配制5.0mg/mL的mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)水溶液。
2)药物处理：梯度稀释配制mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)聚肽溶液，注意：为避免血清中乳酸脱氢酶的影响，药物处理时不需要加入血清。每孔加入100μL对应浓度的mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)聚肽溶液，37℃恒温培养箱孵育4小时。
3)在处理时间结束前一小时在最大酶活性对照孔加入LDH释放试剂，加入量为原有培养液体积的10％，反复吹打数次混匀，然后继续在细胞培养箱中孵育。
4)到达预定时间后，将细胞培养板用多孔板离心机400g离心5min。分别取各孔的上清液80μL，加入到一新的96孔板相应孔中，随即进行样品测定。
5)各孔分别加入40μL LDH检测工作液。
6)混匀，室温(约25℃)避光孵育30min(可用铝箔包裹后置于水平摇床或侧摆摇床上缓慢摇动)。然后在490nm处测定吸光度。使用600nm或大于600nm的任一波长作为参考波长进行双波长测定。
7)计算(测得的各组吸光度均应减去背景空白对照孔吸光度)：细胞毒性或死亡率(％)＝(处理样品吸光度－样品对照孔吸光度)/(细胞最大酶活性的吸光度－样品对照孔吸光度)×100。
如图62所示，mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)在pH＝7.4下不会导致LDH释放，在pH＝6.8下细胞死亡同时释放LDH，说明mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)有可能是通过破膜方式杀死细胞。
(六)疏水基团掺杂聚肽的体内治疗效果
方法同实施例6，以mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)为例，如图63所示，mPEG 44-P(Lys-C6 50-co-Trp 50)可以很好的抑制肿瘤的生长。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对以下实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (40)

  1. 具有式(I)所示结构的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100001
    其中，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、-R 3-R’、
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100002
    R’选自：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100003
    L选自：-NH-C(＝O)O-、-NH-C(＝O)-、-C(＝O)-NH-、-C(＝O)-O-；
    R 1选自：亚烷基；
    R 2选自：C 1-C 12烷基、C 6-C 14芳基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的C 1-C 12烷基、苄氧羰基取代的C 1-C 12烷基、5-10元杂芳基取代的C 1-C 12烷基；
    R 3选自：亚烷基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的亚烷基；
    R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：烷基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的烷基，或者R 3、R 4和与其相连的氮原子一起形成杂环烷基；
    y选自：2-150；
    R 6选自：C 1-C 15烷基、C 6-C 14芳基、C 6-C 14芳基取代的C 1-C 15烷基；
    n+m大于0，并且n不为0；
    q选自：0、1、2、3、4。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 1选自：C 1-C 6亚烷基。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 1选自：-(CH 2) x-，其中，x选自：1、2、3、4、5、6。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，其具有如下式(II)所示结构：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100004
    其中，X为：-O-或者没有。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，其具有如下式(III)所示结构：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100005
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100006
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 3选自：C 1-C 6亚烷基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6亚烷基。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 3选自：-(CH 2) x-、苯基取代的-(CH 2) x-；其中，x选自：1、2、3、4、5、6。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：C 1-C 6烷基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6烷基、萘基取代的C 1-C 6烷基，或者R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成5-10元杂环烷基。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 4、R 5分别独立地选自：C 1-C 4烷基、苯基取代的C 1-C 3烷基、萘基取代的C 1-C 3烷 基，或者R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成5-8元杂环烷基。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100007
  12. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 6选自：C 1-C 6烷基、苯基、萘基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6烷基。
  13. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100008
    其中，R 3选自：-CH 2-CH 2-、-CH 2-CH 2-CH 2-、-CH 2-(CH 2) 3-CH 2-、
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100009
    R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100010
    R 6为苄基。
  14. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 2选自：C 1-C 8烷基、苯基、萘基、苯基取代的C 1-C 6烷基、苄氧羰基取代的C 1-C 6烷基、5-10元杂芳基取代的C 1-C 6烷基。
  15. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 2选自：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、戊烷基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬烷基、癸烷基、十一烷基、十二烷基、苯基、萘基、苄基、苄氧羰基取代的 乙基、苯并吡咯取代的乙基。
  16. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，y选自：30-120，优选为40-48或者108-116。
  17. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，n+m不小于5，更优选为不小于10。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，n+m为10-200，更优选为10-150，更优选为10-110。
  19. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，m为0；n为5-200，优选为10-150，优选为10-110，n进一步优选为10-15、30-35、60-65、80-90、或者120-130。
  20. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，m为n+m的0-60％，更优选为0-50％。
  21. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)、
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100011
    其中，R 3为-CH 2-CH 2-；R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100012
    R 6为苄基；y为40-48。
  22. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R选自：-R 3-N(R 4R 5)；
    其中，R 3选自：-CH 2-CH 2-；R 4、R 5和与其相连的氮原子一起形成如下基团：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100013
    R 2选自：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、戊烷基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬烷基、癸烷基、十一烷基、十二烷基、苯基、萘基、苄基、苄氧羰基取代的乙基、苯并吡咯取代的乙基。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，其特 征在于，选自如下聚合物：
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100014
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100020
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100021
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2022140396-appb-100023
  24. 一种破膜聚肽纳米颗粒，其特征在于，由权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽在水介质中自组装形成。
  25. 一种权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将所述破膜聚肽溶于有机溶剂或者pH为1.5-2.5的盐酸溶液中，然后将所得溶液在搅拌状态下逐滴加入水中，继续搅拌，低温透析除去溶剂，即得所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒；
    优选地，所述有机溶剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺；
    优选地，所述破膜聚肽、所述有机溶剂或盐酸溶液、与所述水的配比为10mg～30mg：1mL：4-6mL；
    优选地，所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：将所述破膜聚肽按配比10mg～30mg：1mL溶于N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中，然后将所得溶液在转速为400～800转/分钟的搅拌状态下逐滴加入水中，继续以200～600转/分钟的转速搅拌8～20分钟，使用截留分子量为10000～20000的透析袋在水中透析除去溶剂，即得所述破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
  26. 权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
  27. 权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
  28. 权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐联合免疫检查点抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
  29. 权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒联合免疫检查点抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
  30. 根据权利要求28或29所述的应用，其特征在于，所述免疫检查点抑制剂为PD-1抑制剂。
  31. 根据权利要求26-29任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述肿瘤为胰腺癌、黑色素瘤、结直肠癌、结肠癌、肺癌、舌鳞癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、骨肉瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、卵巢上皮癌。
  32. 权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐在 制备抗细菌感染的药物中的应用。
  33. 权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒在制备抗细菌感染的药物中的应用。
  34. 根据权利要求32或者33所述的应用，其特征在于，所述细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌、革兰氏阴性假单胞菌、革兰氏阳性葡萄球菌、革兰氏阳性球菌、革兰氏阳性球杆菌、链球菌。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的应用，其特征在于，所述细菌为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌、化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎双球菌、绿脓杆菌。
  36. 一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物，其特征在于，由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料和/或载体制备得到，所述活性成分包括权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
  37. 一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的联合用药物，其特征在于，其活性成分包括：
    组分1：权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒；以及
    组分2：组分1之外的抗肿瘤药物；
    所述组分1和组分2分别成为独立的给药单元，或所述组分1和组分2共同形成组合的给药单元。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的预防和/或治疗肿瘤的联合用药物，其特征在于，所述组分2为免疫检查点抑制剂。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的预防和/或治疗肿瘤的联合用药物，其特征在于，所述免疫检查点抑制剂为PD-1抑制剂。
  40. 一种抗细菌感染的药物，其特征在于，由活性成分和药学上可接受的辅料和/或载体制备得到，所述活性成分包括权利要求1-23任一项所述的破膜聚肽或者其立体异构体或者其药学上可接受的盐，和/或权利要求24所述的破膜聚肽纳米颗粒。
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