WO2023116134A1 - Dispositif de détection et procédé de détection de fibre optique - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection et procédé de détection de fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116134A1
WO2023116134A1 PCT/CN2022/124640 CN2022124640W WO2023116134A1 WO 2023116134 A1 WO2023116134 A1 WO 2023116134A1 CN 2022124640 W CN2022124640 W CN 2022124640W WO 2023116134 A1 WO2023116134 A1 WO 2023116134A1
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optical
signal
optical fiber
optical path
detection device
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PCT/CN2022/124640
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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陈飞
艾凡
张基彪
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023116134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116134A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optical communications, and in particular, to a detecting device and an optical fiber detecting method.
  • Optical fiber detection technology realizes functions such as early warning of disconnection and earthquake by detecting the vibration state of optical fiber.
  • the detection device inputs the detection signal into a delayed optical path connected to the optical fiber to be tested, wherein the delayed optical path includes two optical paths with different optical lengths. Therefore, the detection signal received by the detection device includes two signals that have traveled the same optical path in the feedback signal in the optical fiber to be tested, and interferes with each other at the detection device.
  • the interference of the above-mentioned same optical path signal is strengthened. Therefore, the optical fiber under test vibrates, and the vibration amplitude suddenly increases at the detection equipment.
  • the difference between the vibration amplitudes of the corresponding detection equipment before and after the occurrence of optical fiber vibration should be increased as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to make the coherence between the feedback signals as small as possible when there is no vibration. As the spectral width of the optical signal is wider, the coherence is lower. Therefore, broad-spectrum light is used as the detection signal to enhance the amplitude difference before and after the vibration of the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the wider the spectral width of the detection signal the more fiber bandwidth will be occupied, so that the service signal and the detection signal cannot be transmitted at the same time, and the bandwidth of the service signal light will be reduced due to the occupation of the optical fiber bandwidth by the detection signal.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a detection device and an optical fiber detection method, which are used to reduce the bandwidth occupation of detection signals, thereby reserving a larger bandwidth for service signals.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a detection device, including: a light source component, an optical path unit, and a computing unit.
  • the light source component is used to obtain the first optical signal
  • the first optical signal is a modulated single-channel wavelength signal.
  • the optical path unit is used to obtain the first feedback signal of the optical fiber under test obtained by passing the first optical signal through the delayed optical path.
  • the computing unit is used for determining the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested according to the first feedback signal.
  • the first optical signal (modulated single-channel wavelength signal) is used as a detection signal and input into the optical fiber to be tested through the delay optical path to detect the vibration state of the optical fiber. Since the bandwidth occupied by the single-channel wavelength signal is small, the bandwidth occupied by the optical fiber to be tested can be reduced, thereby increasing the bandwidth reserved for service signals.
  • the detection signal is a modulated single-channel wavelength signal, and the coherence of the detection signal is reduced by modulation, thereby increasing the difference between the vibration amplitudes of the corresponding detection equipment before and after the occurrence of optical fiber vibration, and improving the accuracy of vibration state judgment .
  • the wavelength range (bandwidth range) of the existing wide-spectrum detection signal is usually around 20-60nm.
  • the embodiment of the present application greatly reduces the wavelength range of the detection signal through a single-channel wavelength signal, thereby occupying less bandwidth.
  • the light source assembly includes a laser driving circuit and a laser.
  • the laser drive circuit is used to obtain the modulated electrical signal, and the laser is used to generate the first optical signal according to the modulated electrical signal.
  • the modulated electrical signal obtained by the laser drive circuit makes the first optical signal output by the light source component a modulated single-channel wavelength signal. Due to the small size of the laser drive circuit, simple manufacturing process and low assembly accuracy requirements , so this structure can reduce the volume of detection equipment and the complexity of processing technology.
  • the laser driving circuit includes a continuous laser modulator (laser diode driver, LDD), and the continuous LDD is used to drive the laser driver to generate the first optical signal according to the modulated electrical signal.
  • LDD laser diode driver
  • the detection device detects the vibration state by obtaining continuous feedback signals. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the continuous driving of the laser is realized through continuous LDD, and continuous first optical signals are obtained, thereby obtaining continuous first feedback signals. Detection of the vibration state of the signal to be tested.
  • the modulated electrical signal includes a phase modulated signal, an amplitude modulated signal or a frequency modulated signal.
  • the coherence of the modulated electrical signal is reduced by phase modulation, amplitude modulation or frequency modulation of the electrical signal, thereby reducing the coherence of the first optical signal (detection signal), thereby increasing the optical fiber vibration before and after occurrence.
  • the size difference between the vibration amplitudes at the corresponding detection equipment improves the accuracy of vibration state judgment.
  • the phase modulation electrical signal is a pseudo-random code signal.
  • the first optical signal is generated according to the pseudo-random code signal, thereby reducing the coherence of the first optical signal (detection signal). Since the pseudo-random code signal is a common electrical signal, the acquisition method is simple and the required circuit structure is simple. Therefore, the circuit complexity of the laser driving circuit can be reduced, thereby reducing the volume and failure rate of the light source assembly, thereby reducing the volume and failure rate of the entire detection device.
  • the light source component includes a laser and a modulation device.
  • the laser is used to obtain a light beam with a single-channel wavelength; the modulation device is used to modulate the light beam with a single-channel wavelength to obtain a first optical signal.
  • the modulation device is used to modulate the beam of single-channel wavelength, so that the coherence of the first optical signal (detection signal) obtained through modulation is low, thereby increasing the difference between the vibration amplitudes of the corresponding detection equipment before and after the fiber vibration occurs.
  • the size difference between them improves the accuracy of judging the vibration state.
  • the modulation device is a passive modulation device for modulating the light beam, no additional signal needs to be input for modulation. Therefore, this structure does not require the laser to generate beams according to the input signal, which can simplify the structure of the laser, thereby reducing the volume and structural complexity of the light source component, and further reducing the volume and structural complexity of the entire detection device.
  • the modulation device includes a semiconductor optical amplifier (semiconductor optical amplifier, SOA) or a lithium niobate phase modulator.
  • SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
  • the modulation device is specifically configured to: perform phase modulation, amplitude modulation, or frequency modulation on a light beam with a single-channel wavelength to obtain a first optical signal.
  • the light source component is specifically configured to: acquire a first optical signal with a rate greater than or equal to 155 Mbit/s.
  • the rate of the first signal light acquired by the light source component is greater than or equal to 155 Mbit/s. Therefore, the coherence of the first optical signal (detection signal) is reduced, thereby increasing the difference between the vibration amplitudes of the corresponding detection equipment before and after the occurrence of optical fiber vibration, and improving the accuracy of vibration state judgment.
  • the optical path unit includes a delay optical path
  • the delay optical path is used to: adjust the optical path of at least one path of light in the first optical signal (that is, to make at least two paths of light in the first optical signal travel There is an optical path difference between the optical paths), to obtain a second optical signal, and the second optical signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with different optical paths. and inputting the second optical signal into the optical fiber to be tested to obtain a third optical signal; The optical signal is coupled.
  • the delay optical path is integrated inside the detection device, and the detection of the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested can be realized by connecting the detection device to the optical fiber to be tested, which simplifies the structure of the entire detection system.
  • the delay optical path is used to adjust the optical path of at least one path of light in the first signal light, and the specific adjusted optical path may affect the accuracy of the final test result (for example: if the adjusted optical path is equal to a phase, then the adjusted optical path is equal to a phase.
  • the phases of the two paths of light of the first optical signal may be the same, resulting in high coherence of the first optical signal and inaccurate test results). Therefore, by integrating the delay optical path inside the detection device, an appropriate optical path length can be determined for the delay optical path during the design and production stages of the detection device, thereby ensuring the accuracy of vibration detection results.
  • the optical path unit is specifically configured to: input the first optical signal into the delayed optical path, and the delayed optical path is used to input the second optical signal obtained based on the first optical signal into the optical fiber under test to obtain the third optical signal signal; wherein, the second optical signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with different optical paths (that is, there is an optical path difference between the optical paths traveled by at least two optical paths in the second optical signal). And, receiving the first feedback signal from the delayed optical path, the first feedback signal is obtained by adjusting the optical path of at least one optical path of the third optical signal in the optical fiber to be tested, and the first feedback signal is coupled by two optical signals with the same optical path become.
  • placing the delay optical path outside the detection device can reduce the structural complexity and volume of the detection device. Moreover, for different optical fibers to be tested and/or modulated electrical signals and/or first optical signal rates, delay optical paths with different optical path differences can be matched, which improves the adaptability of the detection device to different application scenarios.
  • the delay optical path includes at least one of a delay lens, a mirror group, and two optical fibers with different optical paths.
  • the structure of the time-delay lens and the reflection mirror group is simple and small, which can reduce the volume of the detection equipment or the entire detection system.
  • the control method for the optical path difference is simple, the structural precision is not high, the assembly requirements are not high, and the requirements for processing technology are relatively low. Moreover, the optical path difference of the two optical fibers with different optical paths can be adjusted. If the optical fiber to be tested and/or the modulated electrical signal and/or the rate of the first optical signal are adjusted, the two optical fibers can be adjusted accordingly, thereby improving the The flexibility of the detection equipment improves the adaptability of the detection equipment to different application scenarios.
  • the optical path unit is specifically configured to: input the first optical signal into the delay optical path, and at the same time input the service signal into the target optical fiber connected to the optical fiber to be tested; The second optical signal obtained through the process adjustment and the service signal are simultaneously transmitted in the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the vibration state detection technology due to the large bandwidth of the wide-spectrum detection light source, it occupies the transmission bandwidth of the service signal, and the vibration state detection requires continuous transmission of detection signals, so the vibration state detection will cause Interruption of traffic signal transmission.
  • the bandwidth of the first optical signal detection signal
  • the service signal for example, in the optical fiber to be tested, two signals can be simultaneously transmitted through wavelength division multiplexing. Transmission
  • the detecting device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the service signal transmission will not be interrupted while detecting the vibration state.
  • the light source assembly further includes a burst laser driver LDD, and the burst LDD is used to excite the laser to obtain a square-wave optical pulse signal.
  • the optical path unit is also used for sending a square-wave optical pulse signal to the optical fiber to be tested; and receiving a second feedback signal of the square-wave optical pulse signal in the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the computing unit is also used to determine the link quality of the optical fiber to be tested according to the second feedback signal.
  • the burst LDD excitation laser is used to obtain the square-wave optical pulse signal to realize the detection of the quality of the optical fiber link. Therefore, the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application can not only realize the detection of the vibration state, but also realize the detection of the quality of the optical fiber. Moreover, two detection states can share one laser, which reduces the number of lasers in the detection device, thereby reducing the structural complexity and volume of the detection device.
  • the burst LDD is electrically connected to the laser instead of optically connected, and the optical path has less restrictions on the access structure, and the access method is flexible, which makes the structure of the detection device more flexible, and the structure complexity and volume are smaller.
  • the optical path unit is specifically configured to: at the first moment, send a square-wave optical pulse signal to the optical fiber to be tested; at the second moment, send the first optical signal to the delay optical path; or, at the second At this moment, a second optical signal is sent to the optical fiber to be tested, and the second optical signal is obtained by adjusting the optical path of the first optical signal by the delay optical path.
  • the detection of the vibration state of the optical fiber and the quality of the optical fiber is realized by means of time division multiplexing. Therefore, the parallel execution of the two kinds of detection can be realized without interrupting any kind of detection, thereby realizing the continuous acquisition of the real-time vibration state and real-time quality of the optical fiber.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an optical fiber detection method, including:
  • the detecting device acquires the first optical signal, and the first optical signal is a modulated single-channel wavelength signal. Then, the detecting device acquires a first feedback signal of the optical fiber to be tested obtained by passing the first optical signal through a delay optical path. Then, the detection device determines the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested according to the first feedback signal.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of an application architecture of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of another application architecture of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of a detection result of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is another structural schematic diagram of the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another application architecture of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another application architecture of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic structural diagram of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another application architecture of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of an optical fiber detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a detection device and an optical fiber detection method, which are used to reduce the bandwidth occupation of detection signals, thereby reserving a larger bandwidth for service signals.
  • Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of an application architecture of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the detection device is connected to the optical fiber to be tested, and the detection device sends a detection signal to the optical fiber to be tested and receives a feedback signal from the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the detection equipment determines whether the optical fiber under test vibrates through the feedback signal.
  • a delay optical path also called a sagnac interferometer
  • a sagnac interferometer may be connected between the detection device and the optical fiber to be tested, and it is determined whether the optical fiber vibrates by demodulating the interference signal.
  • the delay path two optical fibers with different optical paths are connected between two couplers, where the optical path of fiber 1 (delay fiber) is longer than that of fiber 2 (common fiber).
  • the detection signal is input into the delay optical path. Since the optical paths of the two optical fibers between the two couplers are different, the optical paths of the two optical beams received by the optical fiber to be tested are different.
  • the end of the optical fiber to be tested is reflected by a Faraday reflector or suspended in the air, and the delay optical path can receive two feedback beams from the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the two feedback light beams pass through two optical fibers with different optical paths in the delay optical path, and four return light beams are obtained at the detection device.
  • the four beams are:
  • the light beam 1 passes through the optical fiber 1 in the direction from the detection equipment to the optical fiber to be tested, and passes through the optical fiber 1 in the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection equipment.
  • the light beam 2 passes through the optical fiber 1 in the direction from the detection equipment to the optical fiber to be tested, and passes through the optical fiber 2 in the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection equipment.
  • the light beam 3 passes through the optical fiber 2 in the direction from the detection equipment to the optical fiber to be tested, and passes through the optical fiber 1 in the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection equipment.
  • the light beam 4 passes through the optical fiber 2 in the direction from the detection equipment to the optical fiber to be tested, and passes through the optical fiber 2 in the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection equipment.
  • the wider the spectral width of the detection signal the more fiber bandwidth is occupied, resulting in a larger fiber bandwidth occupied by the fiber detection.
  • the service signal cannot be transmitted simultaneously with the detection signal, and the bandwidth of the service signal light is reduced because the detection signal occupies the bandwidth of the optical fiber.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a detection device.
  • a detection device 2000 including a light source assembly 2100 , an optical path unit 2200 and a computing unit 2300 .
  • the light source assembly 2100 is used for acquiring the first light signal.
  • the first optical signal is a modulated single-channel wavelength signal.
  • the optical path unit 2200 is used to obtain the first feedback signal of the optical fiber under test obtained by delaying the first optical signal through the optical path.
  • the computing unit 2300 is used for determining the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested according to the first feedback signal.
  • the modulated single-channel wavelength signal (ie, the first optical signal) is input as a detection signal into the optical fiber to detect the vibration state of the optical fiber. Since the wavelength range (bandwidth range) of the existing wide-spectrum detection signal is usually about 20-60 nm, the embodiment of the present application greatly reduces the wavelength range of the detection signal by using a single-channel wavelength signal, thereby occupying less bandwidth.
  • the first optical signal (modulated single-channel wavelength signal) is used as a detection signal and input into the optical fiber to be tested through the delay optical path to detect the vibration state of the optical fiber. Since the bandwidth occupied by the single-channel wavelength signal is small, the bandwidth occupied by the optical fiber to be tested can be reduced, thereby increasing the bandwidth reserved for service signals.
  • the detection signal is a modulated single-channel wavelength signal, and the coherence of the detection signal is reduced by modulation, thereby increasing the difference between the vibration amplitudes of the corresponding detection equipment before and after the occurrence of optical fiber vibration, and improving the accuracy of vibration state judgment .
  • the rate of the first optical signal acquired by the light source component is greater than or equal to 155 Mbit/s. Since the higher the rate of the signal, the lower the coherence, so in the embodiment of the present application, the rate of the first signal light acquired by the light source component 2100 is made to be greater than or equal to 155 Mbit/s. Therefore, the coherence of the first optical signal (detection signal) is reduced, thereby increasing the difference between the vibration amplitudes of the corresponding detection equipment 2000 before and after the occurrence of optical fiber vibration, and improving the accuracy of vibration state judgment.
  • the structure shown in Figure 2 is an overview of the structure of the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application. Different components in the detection equipment may have different compositions. Next, different structures of the detection equipment provided by the embodiment of the application will be described separately.
  • the light source components are different.
  • the light source component 2100 is used to acquire the first optical signal (modulated single-channel wavelength signal).
  • the modulated single-channel wavelength signal can be obtained through electrical modulation or optical modulation, which will be described next:
  • the light source assembly 2100 may include a laser driving circuit 2110 and a laser 2120 .
  • the laser driving circuit 2110 is used to obtain the modulated electrical signal
  • the laser 2120 is used to generate the first optical signal (modulated single-channel wavelength signal) according to the modulated electrical signal.
  • the modulated electrical signal obtained by the laser drive circuit 2110 makes the first optical signal output by the light source assembly 2100 a modulated single-channel wavelength signal.
  • the precision requirement is low, so this structure can reduce the volume and processing complexity of the detection device 2000 .
  • the modulated single-channel wavelength signal is used as the first optical signal (detection signal), and the modulation makes the pulse width of the single-channel wavelength signal broaden, reducing coherence, so that the modulated single-channel wavelength signal can be used as the fiber vibration state Detect probes in the scene.
  • the modulated electrical signal may include a phase modulated signal, an amplitude modulated signal or a frequency modulated signal.
  • phase modulation, amplitude modulation or frequency modulation of the electrical signal the coherence of the modulated electrical signal is reduced, thereby reducing the coherence of the first optical signal (that is, the detection signal), thereby increasing the corresponding detection equipment 2000 before and after the occurrence of optical fiber vibration
  • the size difference between vibration amplitudes can improve the accuracy of vibration state judgment.
  • the phase modulation signal may include a pseudo-random code signal.
  • the first optical signal is generated according to the pseudo-random code signal, thereby reducing the coherence of the first optical signal (detection signal). Since the pseudo-random code signal is a common electrical signal, the acquisition method is simple and the required circuit structure is simple. Therefore, the circuit complexity of the laser driving circuit 2110 can be reduced, thereby reducing the volume and failure rate of the light source assembly 2100 , and further reducing the volume and failure rate of the entire detection device 2000 .
  • the laser driving circuit 2110 may include a continuous laser driver (laser diode driver, LDD) 2111, and the continuous LDD 2111 is used to drive the laser 2120 to generate the first optical signal according to the modulated electrical signal.
  • LDD laser diode driver
  • the detection device 2000 detects the vibration state by obtaining continuous feedback signals, realizes the continuous driving of the laser through the continuous LDD 2111, obtains the continuous first optical signal, thereby obtains the continuous first feedback signal, and realizes the vibration state of the signal to be tested detection.
  • the laser driving circuit 2110 may also include a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) chip or a microcontroller unit (microcontroller unit, MCU) chip.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • MCU microcontroller unit
  • the detecting device 2000 may further include a photodetector 2400 .
  • the photodetector 2400 is used to convert the first feedback signal (optical signal) from the optical path unit 2200 into an electrical signal, and send the electrical signal to the calculation unit 2300, so that the calculation unit 2300 can determine the vibration state of the optical fiber according to the electrical signal. detection.
  • the light source assembly 2100 may include a laser 2120 and a modulation device 2130 .
  • the laser 2120 is used to obtain a light beam with a single-channel wavelength
  • the modulation device 2130 is used to modulate the light beam with a single-channel wavelength to obtain a first optical signal.
  • the modulation device 2130 is used to modulate the beam of single-channel wavelength, so that the coherence of the modulated first optical signal (detection signal) is low, thereby increasing the vibration at the corresponding detection device 2000 before and after the fiber vibration occurs.
  • the size difference between amplitudes improves the accuracy of vibration state judgment.
  • the modulation device 2130 is a passive modulation device for modulating the light beam, no additional signal needs to be input for modulation. Therefore, this structure does not require the laser 2120 to generate beams according to the input signal, which can simplify the structure of the laser 2120, thereby reducing the volume and structural complexity of the light source assembly 2100, thereby reducing the volume and structural complexity of the entire detection device 2000.
  • the modulation device 2130 may include a semiconductor optical amplifier (semiconductor optical amplifier, SOA) or a lithium niobate phase modulator.
  • SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
  • LiNaO lithium niobate phase modulator
  • the modulation device 2130 may be specifically configured to perform phase modulation, amplitude modulation, or frequency modulation on a single-channel wavelength light beam to obtain the first optical signal.
  • the detection device 2000 provided in the embodiment of the present application may also include different delay optical paths, and the delay optical path may be built in or external to the detection device 2000.
  • the delay optical path may be built in or external to the detection device 2000.
  • the delay optical path is different.
  • the delay optical path includes a delay optical fiber, and the delay optical path is built-in.
  • the optical path unit 2200 may include a delay optical path 2210, the delay optical path 2210 is also called a sagnac interferometer, including two optical fibers with different optical paths, and a coupler for coupling one end of the two optical fibers to the photodetector 2400 And a coupler for coupling the other ends of the two optical fibers with the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the delay optical path 2210 is also called a sagnac interferometer, including two optical fibers with different optical paths, and a coupler for coupling one end of the two optical fibers to the photodetector 2400 And a coupler for coupling the other ends of the two optical fibers with the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the delay optical path 2210 is used to provide an optical path difference in the outgoing direction (that is, the direction from the detection device 2000 to the optical fiber to be tested), and to provide the same light in the return direction (that is, the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection device 2000). range difference.
  • the feedback signal received by the photodetector 2400 includes two light beams with the same optical path, and the two light beams are used as the first feedback signal.
  • the delay optical path 2210 is used to adjust the optical path of at least one path of light in the first optical signal to obtain the second optical signal.
  • the second optical signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with different optical paths (that is, there is an optical path difference between the optical paths traveled by at least two optical paths of the second optical signal).
  • the delay optical path 2210 is also used for inputting the second optical signal into the optical fiber under test to obtain a third optical signal (ie, the feedback signal of the second optical signal through the optical fiber under test).
  • the delay optical path 2210 is also used to adjust the optical path of at least one path of light in the third optical signal to obtain the first feedback signal.
  • the first feedback signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with the same optical path (that is, the aforementioned light beam 2 and light beam 3).
  • the delay optical path is integrated inside the detection device, and the detection of the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested can be realized by connecting the detection device to the optical fiber to be tested, which simplifies the structure of the entire detection system.
  • the delay optical path is used to adjust the optical path of at least one path of light in the first signal light, and the specific adjusted optical path may affect the accuracy of the final test result (for example: if the adjusted optical path is equal to a phase, then the adjusted optical path is equal to a phase.
  • the phases of the two paths of light of the first optical signal may be the same, resulting in high coherence of the first optical signal and inaccurate test results). Therefore, by integrating the delay optical path inside the detection device, an appropriate optical path length can be determined for the delay optical path during the design and production stages of the detection device, thereby ensuring the accuracy of vibration detection results.
  • the control method for the optical path difference of the two optical fibers with different optical paths is simple, the structure precision is not high, the assembly requirements are not high, and the requirements for processing technology are relatively low. Moreover, the optical path difference of the two optical fibers with different optical paths can be adjusted. If the optical fiber to be tested and/or the modulated electrical signal and/or the rate of the first optical signal are adjusted, the two optical fibers can be adjusted accordingly, thereby improving the The flexibility of the detection equipment improves the adaptability of the detection equipment to different application scenarios.
  • the light source assembly 2100 in Fig. 5 comprises continuous LDD 2111 and laser 2120, and this is only an example to the structure shown in Fig. 5 (delay optical path comprises delay optical fiber, and delay optical path is built-in), does not cause the The composition of the light source assembly 2100 is defined under the structure.
  • a laser 2120 and a modulation device 2130 may also be included, which is not limited here.
  • the delay optical path 2210 includes a delay optical fiber
  • the delay optical path can also be external to the detection device 2000 .
  • the delay optical path includes a delay optical fiber, and the delay optical path is external.
  • a delay optical path is connected between the detection device 2000 and the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the delay optical path is used to provide an optical path difference in the outgoing direction (that is, the direction from the detection device 2000 to the optical fiber to be tested), and to provide the same optical path in the return direction (that is, the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection device 2000) Difference.
  • the feedback signal received by the detection device 2000 includes two beams with the same optical path, and the two beams are used as the first feedback signal.
  • the optical path unit 2200 in the detection device 2000 is specifically used to: input the first optical signal into the delayed optical path, and the delayed optical path is used to input the second optical signal obtained based on the first optical signal into the optical fiber under test to obtain the third optical signal ;
  • the second optical signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with different optical paths (that is, there is an optical path difference between the optical paths traveled by at least two optical paths in the second optical signal).
  • the optical path unit 2200 is also used to receive the first feedback signal from the delayed optical path.
  • the first feedback signal is obtained by adjusting the optical path of at least one path of light in the third optical signal of the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the first feedback signal is obtained by two paths with the same optical path.
  • the optical signal is coupled.
  • placing the delay optical path outside the detection device 2000 can reduce the structural complexity and volume of the detection device 2000 .
  • delay optical paths with different optical path differences can be matched, which improves the adaptability of the detection device 2000 to different application scenarios.
  • the delay optical path 2210 may also include a delay lens, and the specific structure is as follows:
  • the delay optical path includes a delay lens, and the delay optical path is built-in.
  • the optical path unit 2200 may include a delay optical path 2210, and the delay optical path 2210 may include a delay lens, a beam splitter, and a beam combiner and splitter.
  • the optical splitter is used to divide the first optical signal from the light source assembly 2100 into two beams (the two beams are represented by dashed lines and solid lines in the figure) light), and make one of the beams of light (the beam shown in the solid line in the figure) enter the beam combiner and splitter through the delay lens, and make the other beam of light (the beam shown in the dotted line in the figure) beam) directly into the beam combiner and splitter.
  • the beam combiner and splitter are used to combine the two beams of light to obtain a second optical signal, and input the second optical signal into the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the second optical signal is formed by coupling two light beams with different optical paths.
  • the beam combiner and splitter are used to split the third optical signal from the optical fiber to be tested to obtain two beams of light (indicated by dashed lines and solid lines in the figure). two beams). And let one beam of light (the beam shown by the dotted line in the figure) enter the beam splitter through the delay lens, and make the other beam of light (the beam shown by the solid line in the figure) directly enter the beam splitter device.
  • the beam splitter is used to project the two light beams to the photodetector 2400 through the mirror to obtain a first feedback signal.
  • the first feedback signal is formed by coupling two beams with the same optical path (ie, the solid line beam and the dotted line beam in the figure).
  • the time-delay lens has a simple structure and a small volume, which can reduce the volume of the detection device or the entire detection system.
  • the structure of the light source assembly 2100 in FIG. 7 is only an example, and does not limit the structure of the light source assembly 2100 .
  • the delay optical path 2210 includes a delay lens
  • the delay optical path can also be placed outside the detection device 2000 .
  • the delay optical path includes a delay lens, and the delay optical path is external.
  • the delay optical path (sagnac interferometer) structure including a delay lens As shown in FIG. 8 , the delay optical path (sagnac interferometer) structure including a delay lens, and the optical path under this structure, refer to the description in FIG. 7 , and will not be repeated here.
  • the structures including the delay lens or the delay optical fiber shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 are only examples of the delay optical path, and do not limit the delay optical path.
  • the time-delay lens in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 may also be replaced by a mirror group, which is not limited here.
  • the detecting device 2000 provided in the embodiment of the present application may not only be used to detect the vibration state of the optical fiber, but also be used to detect the quality of the optical fiber.
  • the light source assembly 2100 may also include a burst LDD 2140.
  • the burst LDD 2140 is used to obtain a square-wave electrical pulse signal
  • the laser 2120 can obtain a square-wave optical pulse signal according to the square-wave electrical pulse signal.
  • the square wave optical pulse signal is used to input the optical fiber to be tested to detect the quality of the optical fiber.
  • the square-wave optical pulse signal may also be referred to as an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) signal.
  • OTDR optical time-domain reflectometer
  • the above-mentioned structure including the continuous LDD 2111, the burst LDD 2140 and the laser 2120 is only an implementation for obtaining the first optical signal and the OTDR signal
  • the light source assembly 2100 may also include the laser 2120, the modulation device 2130 and the burst LDD 2140.
  • the laser 2120 and the modulation device 2130 are used to obtain the first optical signal
  • the burst LDD 2140 and the laser are used to obtain the OTDR signal.
  • the detection of the vibration state of the optical fiber and the detection of the quality of the optical fiber can be implemented on the same detection device in a time-division multiplexing manner.
  • the time-division multiplexing of the two detections is realized through the architecture shown in FIG. 9 .
  • two optical switches may be included between the detection device 2000 and the optical fiber to be tested, for switching between the delayed optical path and the common optical fiber.
  • the detection device 2000 When detecting the quality of the optical fiber, the detection device 2000 is connected to the optical fiber to be tested through the ordinary optical fiber to realize the detection of the optical fiber quality.
  • the delay optical path When detecting the vibration state of the optical fiber, the delay optical path is connected, so that the detection device 2000 is connected to the optical fiber to be tested through the delay optical path, so as to realize the detection of the optical fiber vibration state.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 9 is a structure with an external delay optical path.
  • the detection device 2000 may include a structure between the above two optical switches to realize switching between two types of detection (mass detection and vibration state detection).
  • two photodetectors 2400 and two computing units 2300 may be included in the backhaul direction (that is, the direction from the optical fiber to be tested to the detection device 2000 ).
  • One of the photodetectors 2400 is used to receive the second feedback signal of the square wave optical pulse signal in the optical fiber to be tested, and convert the second feedback signal into an electrical signal and input it to a computing unit 2300 .
  • the calculation unit 2300 is used to determine the quality of the optical fiber to be tested according to the electrical signal corresponding to the second feedback signal.
  • the other photodetector 2400 is used to receive the first feedback signal from the delay optical path, and convert the first feedback signal into an electrical signal and input it to another calculation unit 2300 .
  • the calculating unit 2300 is used for determining the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested according to the electrical signal corresponding to the first feedback signal.
  • the detection device 2000 may also include only one photodetector 2400 to realize the photoelectric conversion of the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal.
  • the detection device 2000 may also include only one calculation unit 2300 to realize the detection of the quality of the optical fiber and the vibration state of the optical fiber.
  • the application architecture of the detection device 2000 may also be as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the modulation circuit can be used to obtain a modulated electrical signal or a square electrical pulse signal, and input the modulated electrical signal or a square electrical pulse signal into the originating light source. That is, the modulation circuit here is equivalent to the integration of continuous LDD 2111 and burst LDD 2140 in the implementation example of FIG. 9 .
  • the originating light source is used to obtain the first optical signal according to the modulated electrical signal, or used to obtain the OTDR signal according to the square electrical pulse signal. That is, the originating light source here corresponds to the laser 2120 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the source light source can be integrated with an avalanche photodiode (APD).
  • APD avalanche photodiode
  • the APD here is used to receive the second feedback signal (the feedback signal of the OTDR signal in the optical fiber to be tested), which is equivalent to a photodetector 2400 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the photodetector in Figure 10 is connected to the coupler for receiving the first feedback signal (obtained through the delayed optical path, the feedback signal of the first optical signal in the optical fiber to be tested), which is equivalent to another photodetection in Figure 9 device 2400.
  • the structure of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above, and the optical fiber detection method provided by the embodiment of the present application based on the detection device is described below.
  • the method includes:
  • the detection device acquires a first optical signal, where the first optical signal is a modulated single-channel wavelength signal.
  • the detection device may acquire the first optical signal through optical modulation or electrical modulation.
  • optical modulation or electrical modulation For details, refer to the descriptions in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the detecting device acquires a first feedback signal of the optical fiber to be tested obtained by passing the first optical signal through a delayed optical path.
  • the delay optical path may be built in or external to the detection device 2000 .
  • the process of the detection device 2000 acquiring the first feedback signal refers to the descriptions in FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the detection device determines the vibration state of the optical fiber to be tested according to the first feedback signal.
  • the detection device 2000 may acquire a waveform diagram of the feedback signal according to the received first feedback signal. Based on the waveform diagram, the vibration state of the optical fiber under test can be determined. Refer to the description of FIG. 1c for the specific process, which will not be repeated here.
  • the process of the detecting device 2000 acquiring the first optical signal may specifically include: the detecting device 2000 acquiring the modulated electrical signal; and the detecting device 2000 generating the first optical signal according to the modulated electrical signal.
  • the modulated electrical signal includes a phase modulated signal, an amplitude modulated signal or a frequency modulated signal.
  • the process for the detection device 2000 to obtain the first optical signal may specifically include: the detection device 2000 obtains a light beam with a single-channel wavelength; the detection device 2000 modulates the light beam with a single-channel wavelength to obtain the first optical signal .
  • the detection device 2000 modulates a single-channel wavelength light beam to obtain the first optical signal, which may specifically include: performing phase modulation, amplitude modulation or frequency modulation on the single-channel wavelength light beam, Obtain the first optical signal.
  • the process of the detecting device 2000 acquiring the first optical signal may specifically include: the detecting device 2000 acquiring the first optical signal with a rate greater than or equal to 155 Mbit/s.
  • the process in which the detecting device 2000 obtains the first feedback signal of the optical fiber under test obtained by passing the first optical signal through a delayed optical path may specifically include: the detecting device 2000 adjusts at least one path of the first optical signal The optical path of the light, to obtain the second optical signal, the second optical signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with different optical paths; the detection device 2000 inputs the second optical signal into the optical fiber to be tested, and obtains the third optical signal; the detection device 2000 The optical path of at least one path of light in the third optical signal is adjusted to obtain a first feedback signal, and the first feedback signal is formed by coupling two paths of optical signals with the same optical path.
  • the process of the detecting device 2000 obtaining the first feedback signal of the optical fiber under test obtained by passing the first optical signal through the delay optical path may specifically include: the detecting device 2000 inputs the first optical signal into the delay optical path, The delay optical path is used to input the second optical signal obtained based on the first optical signal into the optical fiber to be tested to obtain the third optical signal; wherein, the second optical signal is formed by coupling two optical signals with different optical paths; the detecting device 2000 receives The first feedback signal from the delayed optical path is obtained by adjusting the optical path of at least one path of light in the third optical signal by the optical fiber to be tested, and the first feedback signal is formed by coupling two paths of optical signals with the same optical path.
  • the delay optical path includes a delay lens and/or two optical fibers with different optical paths.
  • the process of the detection device 2000 inputting the first optical signal into the delay optical path may specifically include: the detection device 2000 inputs the first optical signal into the delay optical path, and at the same time connects the service signal input to the optical fiber to be tested The target optical fiber; the second optical signal obtained by adjusting the optical path of the first optical signal by the delay optical path and the service signal are simultaneously transmitted in the optical fiber to be tested.
  • the optical fiber detection method further includes: the detection device 2000 excites the laser to obtain a square-wave optical pulse signal; the detection device 2000 sends a square-wave optical pulse signal to the optical fiber to be tested; A second feedback signal in the optical fiber; the detecting device 2000 determines the link quality of the optical fiber to be tested according to the second feedback signal.
  • the detecting device 2000 sends a square-wave optical pulse signal to the optical fiber to be tested at the first moment; the detecting device 2000 sends the first optical signal to the delay optical path at the second moment; or, the detecting device 2000 At a second moment, a second optical signal is sent to the optical fiber to be tested, and the second optical signal is obtained by adjusting the optical path of the first optical signal by the delay optical path.
  • the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium , including several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disc and other media that can store program codes. .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de détection (2000) et un procédé de détection de fibre optique, servant à réduire l'occupation de la bande passante d'un signal de détection. Le dispositif de détection (2000) comprend : un ensemble source de lumière (2100) servant à acquérir un premier signal optique, le premier signal optique étant un signal de longueur d'onde monocanal modulé; une unité de trajet optique (2200) servant à acquérir un premier signal de retour d'une fibre optique à détecter obtenu par le premier signal optique au moyen d'un trajet optique de retard; et une unité de fonctionnement (2300) servant à déterminer un état de vibration de ladite fibre optique en fonction du premier signal de retour.
PCT/CN2022/124640 2021-12-23 2022-10-11 Dispositif de détection et procédé de détection de fibre optique WO2023116134A1 (fr)

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CN102322880A (zh) * 2011-08-18 2012-01-18 天津大学 偏振敏感的分布式光频域反射扰动传感装置和解调方法
CN102997043A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-27 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种天然气管道泄漏光纤监测传感器的复用/解复用方法和系统
CN106908220A (zh) * 2016-02-10 2017-06-30 通用光迅光电技术（北京）有限公司 相干光时域反射装置和分布式光纤传感器
CN113324568A (zh) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-31 复旦大学 基于非对称式融合干涉仪的分布式光纤传感定位系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5923414A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-07-13 Gn Nettest New York, Inc. Method and apparatus for thermally reducing coherence/polarization noise in reflectometers
CN101566497A (zh) * 2009-04-29 2009-10-28 上海华魏光纤传感技术有限公司 一种基于相位检测和光时域反射的分布式光纤振动传感系统
CN102322880A (zh) * 2011-08-18 2012-01-18 天津大学 偏振敏感的分布式光频域反射扰动传感装置和解调方法
CN102997043A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-27 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种天然气管道泄漏光纤监测传感器的复用/解复用方法和系统
CN106908220A (zh) * 2016-02-10 2017-06-30 通用光迅光电技术（北京）有限公司 相干光时域反射装置和分布式光纤传感器
CN113324568A (zh) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-31 复旦大学 基于非对称式融合干涉仪的分布式光纤传感定位系统

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