WO2023115984A1 - 一种燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆 - Google Patents

一种燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆 Download PDF

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WO2023115984A1
WO2023115984A1 PCT/CN2022/111835 CN2022111835W WO2023115984A1 WO 2023115984 A1 WO2023115984 A1 WO 2023115984A1 CN 2022111835 W CN2022111835 W CN 2022111835W WO 2023115984 A1 WO2023115984 A1 WO 2023115984A1
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fuel cell
waveform
response signal
real
time detection
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PCT/CN2022/111835
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French (fr)
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张少鹏
梁晨
原诚寅
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北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors

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  • the invention relates to the field of new energy technology, in particular to a fuel cell real-time detection method, system, computer and vehicle.
  • a fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fuel (hydrogen and air) into electrical energy. It is considered to be an important direction for the sustainable development of the future automotive industry because of its advantages such as high efficiency, zero emissions, and low noise.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test is one of the effective measurement methods to reflect the internal resistance of various parts of the fuel cell. It applies a small-amplitude alternating current (voltage) signal to the working fuel cell and measures the corresponding voltage (current) signal. , so as to calculate the impedance of each part of the fuel cell.
  • EIS Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
  • Rohm is mainly composed of two parts, one part is related to electron transmission, including the electronic external circuit, GDL and The transmission resistance in the CL body and the interface between them, and the other part is the transmission impedance of protons in the PEM.
  • a 45° slope appears in the impedance spectrum, which represents the transmission impedance of protons in the cathode catalyst layer.
  • a semicircular curve will appear in the impedance spectrogram.
  • This part mainly reflects the impedance of the ORR reaction, which is recorded as the electron transfer impedance (Rct).
  • Rct electron transfer impedance
  • Another semicircular curve will appear in the low frequency region of the impedance spectrum, which is mainly due to the material transfer impedance (Rmt) generated by the hindered gas transfer
  • Impedance spectrum can be fitted by equivalent circuit, so as to quantify ohmic impedance, reaction impedance and material transfer impedance (refer to Figure 2), and determine the possible cause of fuel cell failure by comparing the quantified impedance data of each part .
  • the fuel cells used in the market are judged by the voltage change of a single cell. If a certain threshold is exceeded, the fuel cell will first take an emergency shutdown, and then contact the fuel cell supplier for processing. However, when the fuel cell encounters For some minor faults (such as water flooding and membrane dryness), it is only necessary to restore the working state of the fuel cell through optimization of some control strategies. Therefore, how to clearly locate the cause of the fault through detection means is particularly important for the large-scale use of fuel cells. .
  • the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test is one of the effective measurement methods to reflect the internal resistance of each part of the fuel cell, but it is tested successively through a single frequency signal (10Hz-10000Hz), which leads to different time domain results of different frequency detection results , which leads to deviations in the time points of high-, medium-, and low-frequency impedance tests, and the fuel cell is a fast-changing reactant, so the test results are often inaccurate, which affects the failure judgment of the fuel cell.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a transient fuel cell fault detection module, which can detect the real-time state of the fuel cell more accurately, so as to respond reasonably to the fault and ensure the real-time detection of the fuel cell for normal use of the fuel cell Method, system, computer and vehicle.
  • the first technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
  • a fuel cell real-time detection method comprising:
  • the waveform of the response signal is split and then compared/quantized respectively;
  • the working state of the fuel cell is judged in real time according to the comparison/quantification processing results.
  • the waves of the multiple frequencies are all sine waves.
  • the waveform of inputting the integrated wave into the fuel cell and receiving the response signal of the fuel cell further includes:
  • said splitting and comparing the waveforms of the response signals further includes:
  • the waveform of the response signal is split, and the split waveform is compared with the waveform diagram to obtain the impedance information of the fuel cell.
  • performing quantization processing further includes
  • the waveform of the response signal is split, and the split waveform is processed by the equivalent circuit of ohmic impedance, reaction impedance and material transmission impedance.
  • the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a fuel cell real-time detection system comprising:
  • the waves of different frequencies generated by multiple frequency analog generators are superimposed and integrated into integrated waves;
  • the waveform of the response signal is split by the waveform simulator and then compared/quantified respectively;
  • the processor judges the working state of the fuel cell in real time according to the comparison/quantification processing results.
  • the various frequency analog generators include a high frequency analog generator, a medium frequency analog generator, and a low frequency analog generator.
  • the splitting of the waveform simulator includes:
  • the high-frequency signal After importing the high-pass filter, the high-frequency signal is obtained through the high-frequency signal receiver;
  • the low-frequency signal After importing the low-pass filter, the low-frequency signal is obtained through the low-frequency signal receiver.
  • the third technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a computer includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor implements the above-mentioned real-time detection method for a fuel cell when executing the computer program.
  • the fourth technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
  • a vehicle includes the above fuel cell real-time detection system.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention applies a multi-frequency superimposed small-amplitude oscillating AC signal to the fuel cell in the working state, and separates the different frequency response results in the simultaneous domain through electrical hardware, and based on the response results, the time domain
  • the state of the fuel cell under the condition is determined, so as to accurately determine the fault of the fuel cell, optimize the fault handling scheme of the fuel cell, improve the driving experience of the fuel cell vehicle, and provide the basis for the large-scale application of the fuel cell.
  • Fig. 1 is the performance curve of fuel cell impedance spectrum in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is the fuel cell equivalent fitting circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of an integrated wave of a fuel cell real-time detection method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a fuel cell real-time detection system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fuel cell real-time detection method comprising:
  • the waveform of the response signal is split and then compared/quantized respectively;
  • the working state of the fuel cell is judged in real time according to the comparison/quantification processing results.
  • the waves of the three frequencies are all sine waves, and can also be other regular waveforms.
  • the waveform for inputting the integrated wave into the fuel cell and receiving the fuel cell response signal further includes:
  • the step further includes:
  • the waveform of the response signal is split, and the split waveform is compared with the waveform diagram to obtain the impedance information of the fuel cell.
  • performing quantization processing further includes:
  • the waveform of the response signal is split, and the split waveform is processed by the equivalent circuit of ohmic impedance, reaction impedance and material transmission impedance.
  • a fuel cell real-time detection system includes:
  • the waves of different frequencies generated by the three frequency analog generators are superimposed and integrated into an integrated wave
  • the waveform of the response signal is split by the waveform simulator and then compared/quantified respectively;
  • the processor judges the working state of the fuel cell in real time according to the comparison/quantification processing results.
  • the three frequency analog generators are respectively a high frequency analog generator, an intermediate frequency analog generator and a low frequency analog generator.
  • Waveform Simulator to split includes:
  • the high-frequency signal After importing the high-pass filter, the high-frequency signal is obtained through the high-frequency signal receiver;
  • the low-frequency signal After importing the low-pass filter, the low-frequency signal is obtained through the low-frequency signal receiver.
  • a computer includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the fuel cell real-time detection method as described in Embodiment 1 is realized.
  • a vehicle includes the fuel cell real-time detection system described in the second embodiment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

一种燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆，检测方法包括将多种频率的波叠加整合成整合波；将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定；向工作状态下的燃料电池施加多频率叠加的小幅震荡交流信号，并通过电气硬件分别拆分出同时域下的不同频率响应结果，基于响应结果对该时域下的燃料电池状态进行判定，从而准确的进行燃料电池的故障判定，优化燃料电池的故障处理方案，提高燃料电池汽车的驾驶体验。

Description

一种燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源技术领域，具体涉及一种燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆。
背景技术
燃料电池是一种将燃料(氢气和空气)的化学能转化为电能的发电装置，因其具有高效率、零排放、低噪音等优势而被认为是未来汽车工业可持续发展的重要方向。
电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试是反应燃料电池各部分内阻的有效测量手段之一，其通过向工作的燃料电池中施加一个小幅度交流电流(电压)信号，测量响应的电压(电流)信号，从而计算出燃料电池中各部分的阻抗。在阻抗谱图中(参照图1)，特高频区域中阻抗与实轴的交点记为欧姆阻抗(Rohm)，Rohm主要由两部分组成，一部分与电子传输有关，包括电子在外电路、GDL和CL本体中及其之间界面的传输电阻，另一部分则是质子在PEM中的传输阻抗。随着频率的降低，在阻抗谱图中会出现45°的斜线，其代表着质子在阴极催化剂层中的传输阻抗。当频率到达中频区域时，阻抗谱图中会显示出半圆曲线，这部分主要反映的是ORR反应的阻抗，记为电子传输阻抗(Rct)。当频率进一步降低时，在阻抗谱图的低频区域会出现另一个半圆曲线，其主要是由于气体传输被阻碍所产生的物质传输阻抗(Rmt)
阻抗谱图谱可以通过等效电路进行拟合，从而将将欧姆阻抗、反应阻抗以及物质传输阻抗进行量化(参照图2)，通过对比量化后各部分阻抗的数据，判定燃料电池故障可能出现的原因。
目前市场上应用的燃料电池均通过单片电池的电压变化进行故障的判定，如果超出一定的阈值，燃料电池首先会采取紧急停机，随后再联系燃料电池供应商进行处理，但当燃料电池遇到某些不严重(如水淹、膜干)故障时，仅需要通过一些控制策略优化恢复燃料电池的工作状态即可，因此如何通过检测手 段清晰的定位故障的诱因对燃料电池的大规模使用尤为重要。
电化学阻抗谱测试是反应燃料电池各部分内阻的有效测量手段之一，但是其通过单频率信号(10Hz-10000Hz，)逐次测试，这就导致不同频率检测出的结果时域是不一样的，这就导致高、中、低频阻抗测试的时间点出现偏差，而燃料电池是一个快变化的反应体，因此测试出的结果往往是不准确的，影响燃料电池的故障判定。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供瞬态的燃料电池故障检测模块，可以更加准确的检测出燃料电池的实时状态，从而对故障进行合理的响应，保障燃料电池的正常使用的燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的第一种技术方案为：
一种燃料电池实时检测方法，包括：
将多种频率的波叠加整合成整合波；
将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；
对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；
根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定。
优选地，所述多种频率的波均为正弦波。
优选地，将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形进一步包括：
将整合波由燃料电池的正极端子输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池负极端子处响应信号的波形。
优选地，所述对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行对比进一步包括：
将响应信号的波形进行拆分，对拆分后的波形与波形图进行对比获取燃料电池的阻抗信息。
优选地，对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行量化处理进一步包括
将响应信号的波形进行拆分，对拆分后的波形进行欧姆阻抗、反应阻抗以及物质传输在阻抗的等效电路处理。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的第二种技术方案为：
一种燃料电池实时检测系统，包括：
将多种频率模拟发生器生成的不同频率的波叠加整合成整合波；
将整合波输入燃料电池并通过波形接收器接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；
对响应信号的波形通过波形模拟器进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；
处理器根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定。
优选地，多种所述频率模拟发生器包括高频模拟发生器、中频模拟发生器、低频模拟发生器。
优选地，波形模拟器进行拆分包括：
将响应信号的波形导入高通滤波器、中通滤波器、低通滤波器；
导入高通滤波器后通过高频信号接收器获取高频信号；
导入中通滤波器后再次导入低通滤波器后通过中频信号接收器获取中频信号；
导入低通滤波器后通过低频信号接收器获取低频信号。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的第三种技术方案为：
一种计算机，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述的燃料电池实时检测方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的第四种技术方案为：
一种车辆，包括上述的燃料电池实时检测系统。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明向工作状态下的燃料电池施加多频率叠加的小幅震荡交流信号，并通过电气硬件分别拆分出同时域下的不同频率响应结果，基于响应结果对该时域下的燃料电池状态进行判定，从而准确的进行燃料电池的故障判定，优化燃料电池的故障处理方案，提高燃料电池汽车的驾驶体验，为燃料电池的大规模应用鉴定基础。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中燃料电池阻抗谱性能曲线；
图2为现有技术中燃料电池等效拟合电路；
图3为本发明具体实施方式的一种燃料电池实时检测方法的整合波的波形图；
图4为本发明具体实施方式的一种燃料电池实时检测系统的框图。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、所实现目的及效果，以下结合实施方式并配合附图予以说明。
实施例一
一种燃料电池实时检测方法，包括：
将三种(高、中、低，根据需要确定具体频率)频率的波叠加整合成整合波，参照图3；
将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；
对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；
根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定。
所述三种频率的波均为正弦波，也可以是其他有规律可寻的波形。
将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形进一步包括：
将整合波由燃料电池的正极端子输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池负极端子处响应信号的波形。
所述对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行对比进一步包括：
将响应信号的波形进行拆分，对拆分后的波形与波形图进行对比获取燃料电池的阻抗信息。
对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行量化处理进一步包括：
将响应信号的波形进行拆分，对拆分后的波形进行欧姆阻抗、反应阻抗以及物质传输在阻抗的等效电路处理。
实施例二
参照图4，一种燃料电池实时检测系统，包括：
将三种频率模拟发生器生成的不同频率的波叠加整合成整合波；
将整合波输入燃料电池并通过波形接收器接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；
对响应信号的波形通过波形模拟器进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；
处理器根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定。
三种所述频率模拟发生器分别为高频模拟发生器、中频模拟发生器、低频模拟发生器。
波形模拟器进行拆分包括：
将响应信号的波形导入高通滤波器、中通滤波器、低通滤波器；
导入高通滤波器后通过高频信号接收器获取高频信号；
导入中通滤波器后再次导入低通滤波器后通过中频信号接收器获取中频信号；
导入低通滤波器后通过低频信号接收器获取低频信号。
实施例三
一种计算机，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如实施例一所述的燃料电池实时检测方法。
实施例四
一种车辆，包括实施例二所述的燃料电池实时检测系统。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等同变换，或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种燃料电池实时检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将多种频率的波叠加整合成整合波；
    将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；
    对响应信号的波形进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；
    根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池实时检测方法，其特征在于，所述多种频率的波均为正弦波。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池实时检测方法，其特征在于，将整合波输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池响应信号的波形进一步包括：
    将整合波由燃料电池的正极端子输入燃料电池并接收燃料电池负极端子处响应信号的波形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池实时检测方法，其特征在于，所述对响应信号的波形进行拆分后进行对比进一步包括：
    将响应信号的波形进行拆分，对拆分后的波形与波形图进行对比获取燃料电池的阻抗信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池实时检测方法，其特征在于，对响应信号的波形进行拆分后进行量化处理进一步包括：
    将响应信号的波形进行拆分，对拆分后的波形进行欧姆阻抗、反应阻抗以及物质传输在阻抗的等效电路处理。
  6. 一种燃料电池实时检测系统，其特征在于，包括：
    将多种频率模拟发生器生成的不同频率的波叠加整合成整合波；
    将整合波输入燃料电池并通过波形接收器接收燃料电池响应信号的波形；
    对响应信号的波形通过波形模拟器进行拆分后分别进行对比/量化处理；
    处理器根据对比/量化处理结果对燃料电池的工作状态进行实时判定。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的燃料电池实时检测系统，其特征在于，多种所述频率模拟发生器包括高频模拟发生器、中频模拟发生器、低频模拟发生器。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的燃料电池实时检测系统，其特征在于，波形模拟器进行拆分包括：
    将响应信号的波形导入高通滤波器、中通滤波器、低通滤波器；
    导入高通滤波器后通过高频信号接收器获取高频信号；
    导入中通滤波器后再次导入低通滤波器后通过中频信号接收器获取中频信号；
    导入低通滤波器后通过低频信号接收器获取低频信号。
  9. 一种计算机，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1-5任意一项所述的燃料电池实时检测方法。
  10. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求6-8任意一项所述的燃料电池实时检测系统。
PCT/CN2022/111835 2021-12-22 2022-08-11 一种燃料电池实时检测方法、系统、计算机以及车辆 WO2023115984A1 (zh)

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