WO2023109603A1 - 对样品进行光谱测定的方法、系统以及流式细胞仪 - Google Patents

对样品进行光谱测定的方法、系统以及流式细胞仪 Download PDF

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WO2023109603A1
WO2023109603A1 PCT/CN2022/137114 CN2022137114W WO2023109603A1 WO 2023109603 A1 WO2023109603 A1 WO 2023109603A1 CN 2022137114 W CN2022137114 W CN 2022137114W WO 2023109603 A1 WO2023109603 A1 WO 2023109603A1
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sample
module
signal
wavelength
fluorescence
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PCT/CN2022/137114
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴升海
张营
欧阳力
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赛默飞世尔（上海）仪器有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of spectroscopic measurement of samples, in particular to a method and system for measuring absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of samples.
  • Absorption spectrometers and fluorescence spectrometers complementarily cover the qualitative and quantitative analysis of most substances in chemical sciences and biological sciences. More and more occasions require simultaneous acquisition of absorption and fluorescence spectra of substances.
  • Chinese patent application CN103649726A discloses a system for fluorescence and absorbance analysis.
  • the system includes an input light source, a double subtractive monochromator that receives light from the input light source and sequentially illuminates the sample with each of a plurality of wavelengths, receives and substantially simultaneously detects the sample for each of the plurality of excitation wavelengths.
  • a multi-channel fluorescence detector for multiple wavelengths of light emitted at an excitation wavelength, an absorption detector to receive and detect light passing through the sample, and a computer in communication with the monochromator, fluorescence detector, and absorption detector to A control monochromator sequentially illuminates the sample with each of a plurality of wavelengths while measuring absorption and fluorescence of the sample based on signals received from the fluorescence and absorption detectors.
  • fluorescence spectroscopy in chemical analysis.
  • the existing continuous fluorescence measurement spectrometer needs to scan the excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength respectively to obtain one-dimensional (fluorescence wavelength is the abscissa) or two-dimensional (excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength are respectively One axis) fluorescence spectrum.
  • fluorescence wavelength is the abscissa
  • excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength are respectively One axis
  • the obtained fluorescence spectra are discontinuous in the wavelength domain, that is, for example, the wavelengths of the excitation light are 405nm, 488nm, 561nm, and 637nm, respectively.
  • Fluorescence detection uses 8-16 filters to obtain 8-16 different and discontinuous bands of fluorescence.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for spectroscopic determination of a sample, comprising the following steps:
  • the method of the present disclosure also includes at least one of the following first set of steps for obtaining the absorption spectrum of the sample and the second set of steps for obtaining the sample fluorescence spectrum.
  • the first set of steps includes:
  • the second set of steps includes:
  • the sample can be irradiated with multiple wavelength components at the same time, and then all the fluorescence and/or light absorption information of the sample can be obtained quickly and in real time.
  • fluorescence 400-900nm (resolution 10nm) of the sample under excitation light irradiation in the wavelength range of 200nm-400nm (resolution 10nm) if the excitation light needs to be scanned sequentially, 20 times are required, assuming the fluorescence integration time 1s, it takes at least 20s to complete the measurement, and the sample needs to be kept in the sample cell during these 20s.
  • the above-mentioned fluorescence spectrum can be obtained in a total of only 1s, and the sample only needs to be kept in the sample cell within 1s. , so it is very suitable for the measurement of flowing samples, and the efficiency of spectrometry is also significantly improved accordingly.
  • step b multiple wavelength components in different wavelength bands are modulated at different prime frequencies. More preferably, the plurality of modulation frequencies are selected such that the difference between any two frequencies is different. In this way, high-order harmonic interference can be avoided, and detection accuracy can be improved.
  • step e2 further includes: converting the second signal to be demodulated into a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum.
  • step d1 further includes: respectively simultaneously receiving the first part of the plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample and the second part of the plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample, and obtaining and the first signal to be demodulated of the two parts of the time domain signal of the second part;
  • step e1 further includes: demodulating the two parts of the time domain signal respectively, and according to the light intensity ratio of the first part and the second part and according to the light intensity ratio of the first part and the receiving amplification ratio of the second part to obtain the absorption spectrum of the sample.
  • the light intensity of the first part is usually different from the light intensity of the second part. Dividing multiple modulated wavelength components into two parts for demodulation can significantly increase the dynamic range of signal detection.
  • the part of the plurality of modulated wavelength components that is not irradiated to the sample is simultaneously received, and the time The signal in the time domain is used as a reference time domain signal; in step e1, the first signal to be demodulated is a time domain signal, and the reference time domain signal and the first signal to be demodulated are demodulated to obtain the absorption spectrum of the sample.
  • the light intensity of the part not irradiated to the sample is less than or equal to 50% of the light intensity of the modulated wavelength division beam. Since the reference time domain signal is introduced, the noise and fluctuation of the light source itself can be advantageously eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the absorption spectrum can be improved.
  • step d2 further includes: respectively simultaneously receiving the first fluorescent moiety and the second fluorescent moiety of fluorescence, and obtaining The second signal to be demodulated of the two parts of the signal to be demodulated in the two fluorescent parts, the light intensity of the first fluorescent part is less than 10% of the total light intensity of the receivable fluorescent light; step e2 also includes: The signal is demodulated, and the fluorescence spectrum of the sample is obtained according to the light intensity ratio of the first fluorescent moiety and the second fluorescent moiety and the receiving amplification ratio of the first fluorescent moiety and the second fluorescent moiety. Dividing the fluorescence into two parts for demodulation can significantly increase the dynamic range of signal detection.
  • the present disclosure also provides a system for performing spectrometry on a sample, including: a light source configured to emit a broad-spectrum beam; a wavelength division module that converts wavelength components of different wavelength bands in the broad-spectrum beam from the light source Separated in space, so as to obtain a wavelength division beam with multiple wavelength components of different wavelength bands; a modulation module, the modulation module simultaneously modulates multiple wavelength components of different wavelength bands of the wavelength division beam with different modulation frequencies, forming a modulated wavelength division beam having a plurality of modulated wavelength components; and a sample module configured to allow at least a portion of the plurality of modulated wavelength components to simultaneously illuminate a sample; the system also includes the following set of absorption spectroscopy modules and a set of fluorescence spectroscopy modules At least one module group in .
  • the absorption spectrum module group includes: a first detection module, the first detection module simultaneously receives a plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample, and obtains a first signal to be demodulated; and a first demodulation module, the first demodulation module pairs The first signal to be demodulated is demodulated to obtain the absorption spectrum of the sample.
  • the fluorescence spectrum module set includes: a second detection module, the second detection module simultaneously receives the fluorescence excited by the sample by a plurality of modulated wavelength components, and obtains a second signal to be demodulated; and a second demodulation module, the second demodulation module The module demodulates the second signal to be demodulated to obtain the fluorescence spectrum of the sample.
  • the modulation module includes a MEMS optical element array with a plurality of spatial segments, wherein each spatial segment is configured to modulate a wavelength component in the wavelength division light beam with different modulation frequencies, wherein the different modulation frequencies are Different prime frequencies. More preferably, a plurality of different modulation frequencies are selected such that the difference between any two frequencies is not the same.
  • MEMS optical element arrays makes the overall structure of the system more compact, enabling mass production, and more cost-effective.
  • the second demodulation module is configured to convert the second signal to be demodulated into a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum.
  • a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum can be obtained from a flowing sample, and the detection efficiency is improved.
  • the first detection module includes a first detector and a second detector, and the first detector is used to receive a plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample using the second detector to receive the second part of the plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample, and the first signal to be demodulated thus obtained includes the signals obtained by the first detector and the second detector respectively Two parts of the time-domain signal; the first demodulation module demodulates the two parts of the time-domain signal respectively, and obtains the absorption spectrum of the sample according to the amplification ratio of the first detector and the second detector.
  • the absorption spectrum module set further includes a beam splitter, the beam splitter divides the modulated wavelength beam passing through the sample into a first part and a second part, and the light intensity of the first part is different from that of the second part.
  • Dividing the multiple modulated wavelength components into two parts and using the first detector and the second detector for demodulation respectively can significantly increase the dynamic range of signal detection.
  • the system further includes a third detection module, using the third detection module to receive a part of the multiple modulated wavelength components that is not irradiated to the sample, and obtain a time-domain signal of this part as a reference time-domain signal ,
  • the system includes an absorption spectrum module group, wherein the first signal to be demodulated is a time-domain signal;
  • the first demodulation module includes a differential amplifier and a converter, and the differential amplifier and the converter perform differential amplification from the reference time-domain signal and the time-domain signal And demodulate to obtain the absorption spectrum of the sample. Since the third detection module is introduced to provide the reference time-domain signal, the noise and fluctuation of the light source itself can be advantageously eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the absorption spectrum can be improved.
  • the second detection module includes a third detector and a fourth detector, the first fluorescence part of the fluorescence is detected by the third detector, and the second fluorescence part of the fluorescence is detected by the fourth detector.
  • the second signal to be demodulated thus obtained includes two parts of the signal to be demodulated respectively obtained by the first fluorescent part and the second fluorescent part, wherein the light intensity of the first fluorescent part is less than the total amount of the fluorescent light.
  • the second demodulation module is configured to demodulate the second signal to be demodulated, and according to the light intensity ratio of the first fluorescent part and the second fluorescent part and the third detector and the fourth detector Amplify the ratio to obtain the fluorescence spectrum of the sample.
  • the fluorescence detection module comprises a photomultiplier tube (PMT) array and a paired detector composed of at least one photodetector in a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), each detector has a multi-row multi-channel array, corresponding The channel arrays in two adjacent rows are misaligned. Splitting the fluorescence into the receive fluorescence into two fractions for detection with two detectors and subsequent demodulation can significantly increase the dynamic range of signal detection.
  • PMT photomultiplier tube
  • MPPC multi-pixel photon counter
  • the wavelength division module includes at least one of a light dispersion element, a light diffraction element, a grating and a prism
  • the sample module includes a flow cell arranged so that the sample can flow therethrough.
  • the flow cell provides a dynamic containment of the sample, and the method and system of the present disclosure can instantly provide a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of the flowing sample.
  • the present disclosure also provides a flow cytometer, which includes a light source configured to emit a broad-spectrum beam; The wavelength division beams with multiple wavelength components of different wavelength bands are obtained; the modulation module simultaneously modulates the multiple wavelength components of different wavelength bands of the wavelength division beams with different modulation frequencies to form a beam with a modulated wavelength division light beam of a plurality of modulated wavelength components; a flow cell configured to allow at least some of the plurality of modulated wavelength components to simultaneously illuminate a flow of cells moving through the flow cell; and a fluorescence spectroscopy module set, a fluorescence spectroscopy module
  • the group includes: a detection module, the detection module simultaneously receives the fluorescence excited by multiple modulated wavelength components of the cell flow, and obtains the signal to be demodulated; and a demodulation module, the demodulation module demodulates the signal to be demodulated, to obtain the signal of the cell flow Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
  • the demodulation module of the flow cytometer includes a sampling
  • the flow cytometer of the present disclosure can be excited by excitation light in continuous wavelength bands to generate fluorescence, combined with the signal processing of the sampling integrator, the statistical distribution law of the continuous fluorescence spectrum of the cell sample in the wavelength domain can be obtained.
  • the present disclosure provides a liquid chromatograph for fluorescence detection, which is equipped with the above-mentioned light source, wavelength division module, modulation module, sample module, demodulation module and fluorescence spectrum module group. Such a liquid chromatograph can obtain two-dimensional fluorescence spectra under the continuous operation of the liquid pump.
  • a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum can be obtained in real time when a flowing sample is used.
  • the system according to the present disclosure has no mechanical moving parts, the whole system is more firm and reliable, the system layout is more compact, and the miniaturization of the spectrometry system can be realized.
  • the absorption spectrum module group and the fluorescence spectrum module group can be set in the system at the same time, so that only one set of light source module, wavelength division module, modulation The module and the sample module can simultaneously detect the absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a sample absorption spectrum measurement system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1B is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the sample absorption spectrum measurement system according to the first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2A is an exemplary time-domain signal diagram output by the detection module in the system shown in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 2B is an exemplary frequency-domain signal diagram obtained from the time-domain signal conversion of FIG. 2A , ie, the absorption spectrum.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a sample absorption spectrum measurement system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a system for measuring absorption spectra of samples according to a second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring absorption spectrum of a sample according to a third preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of a sample fluorescence spectrometry system according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5B is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a sample fluorescence spectrometry system according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6A is a principle schematic diagram of a sample fluorescence spectrometry system according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 6B to 6D are principle schematic diagrams of a sample fluorescence spectrometry system according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7A is an exemplary time-domain signal diagram output by the detection module in the systems shown in Fig. 5A and Fig. 6A.
  • FIG. 7B is an exemplary frequency-domain signal diagram obtained by converting the time-domain signal diagram shown in FIG. 7A , that is, a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum.
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of a system for simultaneously measuring absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a system for simultaneously measuring absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9A shows the spectrum with a prime number modulation frequency.
  • Figure 9B shows the spectrum with a non-prime modulation frequency.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a modified example of a wavelength division module and a modulation module applicable to the system of the present disclosure.
  • Figures 11(a)-11(f) show exemplary simulated embodiments of absorption spectral dynamic range.
  • Figures 12(a)-12(d) show exemplary simulated embodiments of fluorescence spectral dynamic range.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the detector employed in the simulated embodiment shown in Figures 12(a)-12(d).
  • the present disclosure provides methods and systems for performing spectroscopic measurements on samples.
  • the spectrometry includes two parts: absorption spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry, which can be performed independently or simultaneously.
  • a broad-spectrum beam refers to the sum of beams of different wavelength bands, and these beams of different wavelength bands are spatially separated. be separated.
  • the sub-beams of different wavelength bands in the broad-spectrum light beam are spatially separated according to different wavelengths.
  • each sub-beam of a different wavelength band is called a "wavelength component", and each of the different wavelength bands can be understood as covering a small wavelength region. In this way, spatially separated wavelength division beams with multiple wavelength components in different wavelength bands are obtained.
  • wavelength division beams refer to a set of spatially separated multiple sub-beams in different wavelength bands. It can be understood that the wavelength-division beam obtained through the wavelength-division processing includes multiple wavelength components in different wavelength bands. Subsequently, amplitude modulation of light intensity is performed on multiple wavelength components in different wavelength bands in the WDM beam at different modulation frequencies at the same time to form a modulated WDM beam with multiple modulated wavelength components. Simultaneously irradiate the sample to be measured with some or all of the multiple modulated wavelength components.
  • the modulated wavelength components passing through the sample are simultaneously received by the detection module, so as to obtain the first signal to be demodulated.
  • the absorption spectrum of the sample can be obtained by demodulating the first signal to be demodulated.
  • part or all of the multiple modulated wavelength components are simultaneously irradiated on the sample to be excited to generate fluorescence, and the excited fluorescence is received by another detection module, so as to obtain the second signal to be demodulated.
  • the fluorescence spectrum of the sample can be obtained by demodulating the second signal to be demodulated.
  • the modulation cycle time of the WDM beam should be at least 10 times longer than the fluorescence lifetime.
  • a dual-detector differential method for demodulation.
  • a part of the intensity beam can be separated from the wavelength-division beam, and the separated beam also has multiple spatially separated wavelength components, and the intensity of this part of the beam is relatively low.
  • it may be less than 50% of the light intensity of the modulated WDM beam.
  • the part of the split beam does not illuminate the sample, but is directly detected to obtain a reference signal, eg a reference time domain signal.
  • the remaining part of the modulated WDM beam still irradiates the sample, and then receives multiple modulated wavelength components passing through the sample at the same time, so as to obtain the first signal to be demodulated containing the absorption spectrum information of the sample, which is also a time-domain signal.
  • the reference signal and the first signal to be demodulated are differentially amplified and demodulated by means of a differential amplifier and a converter to obtain the absorption spectrum of the sample, thereby eliminating noise and fluctuations caused by the light source itself.
  • the modulated wavelength components passing through the sample are divided by light intensity into two different parts, namely a first part of a plurality of said modulated wavelength components passing through said sample and a second part of a plurality of said modulated wavelength components passing through said sample, the first part and the second part
  • the light intensities of are preferably different.
  • Two detectors are used to simultaneously receive the first part of the plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample and the second part of the plurality of modulated wavelength components passing through the sample, at this time, obtaining the first signal to be demodulated includes corresponding to A two-part time-domain signal of the first part and the second part, such as a time-domain signal. According to the light intensity ratio of the first part and the second part and the amplification ratio of the detector, the two parts of signals to be demodulated are demodulated, so as to obtain the absorption spectrum. By using paired detectors to detect the modulated wavelength components of two samples, a larger dynamic detection range can be obtained.
  • part or all of the multiple modulated wavelength components are used to irradiate the sample to be tested to generate fluorescence at the same time, and the fluorescence excited by the sample is divided into two different parts according to the light intensity, that is, the first A fluorescent part and a second fluorescent part, wherein the light intensity of the first fluorescent part is less than 10% of the total acceptable fluorescent light intensity, and correspondingly, the light intensity of the second fluorescent part is greater than 90% of the total acceptable fluorescent light intensity %.
  • the second signal to be demodulated is demodulated, and the fluorescence spectrum of the sample is obtained according to the light intensity ratio of the first fluorescent part and the second fluorescent part and the receiving amplification ratio of the first fluorescent part and the second fluorescent part.
  • the fluorescence light intensity is divided into two parts and detected by paired detectors, which can obtain a larger dynamic detection range.
  • the fluorescence signal obtained by the detection module contains the full-spectrum fluorescence spectrum signal of the sample excited by different excitation wavelengths.
  • the fluorescence spectrum of different excitation wavelengths can be obtained at the same time, that is, two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum.
  • the modulation frequency is preferably selected from prime numbers so that higher harmonic interference can be avoided, and the difference between any two modulation frequencies should be different, to avoid beat frequency interference.
  • the modulation duty ratio ranges from 0.1% to 99.9%, and the integration time is at least longer than one modulation period during demodulation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a system for measuring the absorption spectrum of a sample according to a first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system mainly includes a light source 10 providing a broad-spectrum light beam 110, a wavelength division module 20, a modulation module 30, a sample module 40, a transmitted light detection module 50 (that is, the first detection module), and a demodulation module 70 (that is, the first solution module). tuning module).
  • the light source 10 used in the system may be an infrared light source, a visible light source or an ultraviolet light source, including a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp or other light sources 10 suitable for providing a broad-spectrum light beam 110 .
  • the broad-spectrum light beam 110 emitted by the light source 10 can be regarded as a collection of wavelength components of multiple different wavelength bands.
  • the broad-spectrum light beam 110 emitted by the light source 10 can be directly irradiated to the wavelength division module 20 located downstream of the light source 10 in the optical path, or can be guided to the wavelength division module 20 through any configured optical elements, such as collimating lenses, mirrors, etc. Sub-module 20.
  • the wavelength division module 20 in the system is configured to spatially separate the wavelength components of different wavelength bands in the broad-spectrum light beam 110 from the light source 10 .
  • a wavelength division beam 120 having multiple wavelength components in different wavelength bands that are spatially separated is obtained.
  • the wavelength division module 20 separates multiple wavelength components of different wavelength bands in a substantially parallel spatial position relationship, that is, the wavelength division beam 120 includes multiple parallel wavelength components.
  • the modulation module 30 is configured to simultaneously modulate wavelength components of different wavelength bands of the wavelength division beam 120 with different modulation frequencies to form a modulated wavelength division beam 130 having multiple modulated wavelength components.
  • the individual modulated wavelength components of the modulated wavelength division beam 130 exiting the modulation module 30 are generally still spatially separated, and each modulated wavelength component has a specific modulation frequency.
  • the number of wavelength components entering the modulation module 30 is consistent with the number of modulated wavelength components leaving the modulation module 30 .
  • the number of modulated wavelength components exiting modulation module 30 may be less than the number of wavelength components entering modulation module 30 by configuration of modulation module 30, as desired.
  • the plurality of modulated wavelength components are passed to the sample module 40 .
  • the sample module 40 is configured to allow a sample to be assayed to be received therein.
  • the sample module 40 includes a flow cell 41 (flow cell), into which the sample is fluidly received.
  • the sample module 40 is configured to allow some or all of the plurality of modulated wavelength components to impinge on the sample simultaneously.
  • each modulated wavelength component of the modulated wavelength division beam 130 is convergent in the local space of the center of the sample.
  • the multiple modulated wavelength components pass through the sample module 40, these modulated wavelength components are irradiated to the transmitted light detection module 50 at the same time, so as to be received by the transmitted light detection module 50 to obtain the first signal to be demodulated.
  • the modulated wavelength components passing through the sample module 40 converge in the local space of the transmitted light detection module 50 .
  • the first signal to be demodulated obtained from the transmitted light detection module 50 is then sent to the demodulation module 70, and the demodulation module 70 demodulates the signal, thereby obtaining the absorption spectrum of the sample.
  • the signal obtained from the transmitted light detection module 50 is a time-domain signal, as shown in FIG. 2A .
  • the demodulation module 70 as shown in FIG. 1A the time-domain signal is converted into the absorption spectrum of the sample absorptance (Ab) corresponding to each wavelength of the WDM beam as shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the modulation module 30 and the demodulation module 70 are connected via a bus to perform lock-in amplify (Lock-in Amplify) with synchronous modulation and demodulation frequency and phase information, and then obtain the absorption spectrum.
  • the modulation module 30 and the demodulation module 70 are not connected through a bus, and the demodulation module 70 needs to perform Fourier transform on the time domain signal to obtain the absorption spectrum.
  • the corresponding relationship between each wavelength of the wavelength division beam and the modulation frequency has been determined when the wavelength division module 20 and the modulation module 30 are designed and adjusted, and the information of the corresponding relationship will also be used as the input information of the demodulation module 70 .
  • Transforming the time-domain signal into an absorption spectrum is usually divided into the following steps: 1) Transform the time-domain signal into a signal spectrogram with the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the modulation frequency through phase-locked amplification or Fourier transform, 2) through the wavelength division beam The corresponding relationship between each wavelength of each wavelength and the modulation frequency, the signal spectrogram described in step 1) is transformed into a transmission spectrogram whose transmitted light intensity corresponds to each wavelength of the wavelength division beam, 3) according to the pre-measured and saved background (no sample) The transmission spectrum of the sample is transformed into the absorption spectrum of the sample.
  • the optical path arrangement of the sample spectrometry system in the first preferred embodiment can be realized with reference to FIG. 1B .
  • a light emitting member 11 such as a halogen lamp or a xenon lamp with a converging lens can be used.
  • the broad-spectrum light beam 110 capable of being provided by the light emitting element 11 has multiple or continuous wavelengths ranging from 190 nm to 900 nm.
  • the power of the light emitting element 11 is preferably continuously adjustable, for example, it can be continuously adjusted within 1W to 20W.
  • An incident slit 12 is provided downstream of the emitted light path of the luminous element 11 , the setting of the incident slit 12 can limit the size of the light source and limit the entry of stray light, so that the obtained broad-spectrum light beam is better adapted to the subsequent light path.
  • the light-emitting element 11 can be integrated with the incident slit 12, or if the light-emitting element 11 itself can ensure the size and divergence angle of the light beam entering the optical device of the wavelength division module, the incident The slit 12 may also be omitted.
  • a grating preferably a concave grating 21
  • the concave grating 21 spatially separates the wide-spectrum light beam 110 passing through the incident slit 12 according to different wavelengths, so as to form a wavelength-divided light beam 120 with multiple wavelength components separated in space.
  • the wavelength division module 20 may also include other forms of light dispersion elements, gratings, prisms, diffraction elements or a combination of these optical elements.
  • the broad-spectrum light beam 110 from the light-emitting element 11 can be dispersed spatially according to different wavelengths after passing through these optical elements, for example, the wavelength-divided light beams with wavelengths from 190nm to 900nm can be continuously dispersed from front to back in space. Multiple wavelength components of 190nm, 195nm, ... 900nm.
  • the wavelength-division beam 120 provided by the concave grating 21 is then simultaneously irradiated to a miniaturized integrated micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) optical element array, such as a MEMS mirror array 31 , a MEMS spatial light modulator, and the like.
  • MEMS optical element array has a plurality of optical element sections, that is, array elements, wherein each section can modulate each wavelength component with a specific frequency modulation and a specific angle, and the MEMS optical element array is specially set so that each Each segment has a different modulation frequency than the other segments.
  • each of the plurality of different wavelength components of the wavelength division light beam is irradiated on a specific optical element section, and the wavelength component is modulated to have a specific frequency by the specific optical element section. Since each section of the MEMS optical element array has a modulation frequency different from other sections, after the wavelength-division beam is modulated by the MEMS optical element array, a modulated wavelength-division beam 130 can be obtained, and the modulated wavelength-division beam 130 There are multiple modulated wavelength components, each modulated wavelength component has its own unique wavelength, modulation frequency and angle. Usually, a wavelength component is a general term for the wavelength division beams irradiated on the same array element in MEMS, and actually includes a small wavelength region.
  • the WDM beam from 300nm to 900nm is evenly irradiated on the MEMS optical element with 200 array elements, the WDM beam from 300nm-900nm is divided into 200 wavelength components, and the first wavelength component covers the 300nm-303nm
  • the wavelength range, the center value of this wavelength component is 301nm, and the line width is 3nm.
  • one side of the MEMS reflector array 31 is provided with a light stopper 29, and the effect of this device is to prevent light from scattering outwards.
  • Each array element has two states, one is to guide the light to the optical lens 32, and the other is to guide the light to the optical lens 32.
  • the modulated wavelength-division light beam 130 emitted from the MEMS optical element array is guided to the flow cell 41 through optical elements for guiding light, such as an optical lens 32 and one or more mirrors 33 .
  • the optical lens can be one or a combination of spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, annular lenses, free-form surface lenses, diffractive elements and lens arrays.
  • the arrangement of optical lenses and mirrors makes all the modulated wavelength components of the modulated wavelength division beam 130 irradiate the sample inside the flow cell 41 at the same time. It should be understood that in other alternative implementations, a part of the modulated wavelength components in the modulated wavelength division light beam 130 may also be irradiated onto the sample inside the flow cell 41 of the sample module 40 .
  • the modulated wavelength-division light beam 130 with multiple modulated wavelength components passes through the sample in the flow cell 41 and then shoots to the downstream concave mirror 42.
  • the arrangement of the concave mirror 42 makes the spatially dispersed multiple modulated wavelength components converge, and at the same time irradiates onto the detector 51 to obtain the first signal to be demodulated.
  • the concave mirror 42 can also be replaced with an optical lens, and the layout of the detector 51 is changed at the same time, so that multiple spatially dispersed modulated wavelength components converge and irradiate the detector 51 .
  • Fig. 3A shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a sample absorption spectrometry system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure. Same as the system shown in FIG. 1A , the system of the second preferred embodiment also includes a light source 10 , a wavelength division module 20 , a modulation module 30 , a sample module 40 , a detection module and a demodulation module 70 .
  • the system of the second preferred embodiment is different in that a beam splitter 35 is arranged downstream of the modulation module 30, and the beam splitter 35 divides the modulated wavelength obtained from the modulation module 30 into
  • the light beam is divided into two parts, one part has a light intensity of 50% or less, and the other part has a light intensity of 50% or more.
  • the beam splitter 35 divides the modulated wavelength split beam into two parts with different light intensities, wherein the part with relatively small light intensity does not pass through the sample module 40, but is directly referred to the light detection module 503 (that is, the third detection module), and the time-domain signal obtained therefrom does not contain the sample absorption spectrum information and is used as a reference time-domain signal.
  • the demodulation module 70 generally includes a differential amplifier and a time domain-frequency domain converter.
  • the demodulation module 70 is connected to the modulation module 30 through a bus, and is synchronized with the modulation frequency and phase information of the modulation module 30, and then the demodulation module 70 70 processes the first signal to be demodulated based on the reference time domain signal, modulation frequency and phase information of the modulation module 30, so as to obtain an absorption spectrum.
  • the reference time domain signal is introduced into the system shown in Fig. 3A, the noise and fluctuation of the light source itself can be advantageously eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the absorption spectrum can be improved.
  • FIG. 3B shows an optical path arrangement applicable to the second preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the optical path arrangement also includes a light emitting element 11 , an incident slit 12 , a concave grating 21 , a MEMS mirror array 31 , an optical lens 32 and a mirror 33 , a flow cell 41 and a concave mirror 42 .
  • a beam splitter 35 is added upstream of the optical path of the flow cell 41, and the beam splitter 35 makes the part of the light intensity less than or equal to 50% in the modulated wavelength split beam 130 not irradiate the flow cell 41, but directly irradiates the other
  • a part of the light intensity equal to or greater than 50% in the modulated wavelength-division beam 130 is irradiated into the detector 51 through the flow cell 41 .
  • this part of the light beam refracted from the beam splitter 35 also includes all modulation information, that is, this part of the light beam that is not irradiated to the flow cell 41 also has a plurality of modulated wavelength components, and the number of modulated wavelength components is related to the number of modulated wavelength components.
  • the numbers of modulated wavelength components of the flow cells 41 are uniform.
  • the signal obtained in the detector 52 is used as a reference signal for demodulating the signal of the detector 51 .
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a sample absorption spectrometry system according to a third preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system of the third preferred embodiment also includes a light source 10, a wavelength division module 20, a modulation module 30, a sample module 40, a first transmitted light detector 501 and a second transmitted light detector
  • the detection module of 502 and the demodulation module 70, and the system also includes a beam splitter 35.
  • the difference between the system of the third preferred embodiment and the system of the second preferred embodiment is that the beam splitter 35 in this system is arranged downstream of the sample module 40 .
  • the beam splitter 35 divides the modulated wavelength-division beam containing the absorption spectrum information passing through the sample module 40 into two parts, one of which has a light intensity less than or equal to 50%, and the other part has a light intensity of greater than or equal to 50%.
  • the light intensities of the two parts of the modulated WDM light beam are different.
  • the detection module in the sample absorption spectrometry system includes a first transmitted light detector 501 and a second transmitted light detector 502, and the first transmitted light detector 501 simultaneously receives multiple light passing through the flow cell 41.
  • the first part of the modulated wavelength components, and the second transmitted light detector 502 simultaneously receives the second part of the multiple modulated wavelength components passing through the sample, thus, the obtained first signal to be demodulated includes Two-part signals obtained by the two transmitted light detectors 501, 502 respectively.
  • the two parts of signals are all time-domain signals.
  • the two parts of the signal are simultaneously sent to the demodulation module 70 and demodulated.
  • the absorption spectrum of the sample can be obtained according to the amplification ratio of the first transmitted light detector 501 and the second transmitted light detector 502, and the use of the paired detectors 501, 502 effectively increases the dynamic range of signal detection.
  • Fig. 5A shows a schematic diagram of a sample fluorescence spectrometry system according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system mainly includes a light source 10 providing a broad-spectrum light beam 110 , a wavelength division module 20 , a modulation module 30 , a sample module 40 , a detection module 60 and a demodulation module 70 .
  • the difference from the system for absorbance spectroscopy in the first preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is that the detection module 60 simultaneously receives the sample in the sample module to generate fluorescence due to the excitation of multiple modulated wavelength components, so as to obtain the second standby demodulate the signal.
  • the obtained second signal to be demodulated is then received by the demodulation module 70 for demodulation, so as to obtain the fluorescence spectrum of the sample.
  • Fig. 5B shows the optical path arrangement of the sample fluorescence spectrometry system of the fourth preferred embodiment.
  • the optical path arrangement also includes a luminous element 11 such as a halogen lamp or a xenon lamp with a converging lens, and receives a broad-spectrum light beam 110 from the luminous element 11
  • a luminous element 11 such as a halogen lamp or a xenon lamp with a converging lens
  • receives a broad-spectrum light beam 110 from the luminous element 11 The incident slit 12, the concave grating 21 that separates the light beam in space according to the different wavelength bands, the MEMS mirror array 31, the optical lens 32, the mirror 33 and the flow cell 41.
  • the sample in the flow cell 41 is excited by the modulated WDM beam from the mirror 33 to generate fluorescence. Fluorescence passes through another condenser lens 43 , an exit slit 44 and a filter 45 and then goes to another grating 47 .
  • the setting of the exit slit 44 can exclude some stray light other than the fluorescence of the sample.
  • the filter 45 arranged upstream of the diffraction grating 47 can selectively block the fluorescence excited by the sample and the scattered light of the excitation light in a part of the wavelength range.
  • the grating 47 may be a linear grating, a concave grating, or a concave echelle grating.
  • the grating 47 is arranged so that the fluorescent light beams are spatially dispersed according to different wavelength bands and turned to the fluorescent detector 61 downstream of the optical path for detection on the fluorescent detector 61 .
  • Fig. 6A shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a sample fluorescence spectrometry system according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system shown in FIG. 6A mainly includes a light source 10 providing a broad-spectrum light beam 110 , a wavelength division module 20 , a modulation module 30 , a sample module 40 , a detection module, and a demodulation module 70 .
  • the detection module of the fifth preferred embodiment includes a pair of fluorescence detectors 601 and 602 (ie, a third detector and a fourth detector).
  • the first fluorescent part of the fluorescence generated by the excited sample in the sample module 40 is detected by one of the paired fluorescence detectors 601 and 602, and the second fluorescent part is detected by the other of the paired fluorescent detectors 601 and 602,
  • a second signal to be demodulated including two parts of the signal to be demodulated is obtained.
  • the light intensity of the first part of fluorescence is less than 10% of the total acceptable fluorescence intensity, and correspondingly, the light intensity of the second part of fluorescence is greater than or equal to 90% of the total acceptable fluorescence intensity.
  • the second signals to be demodulated obtained from the two fluorescence detectors 601 and 602 are time-domain signals, and each of the obtained time-domain signals contains fluorescence information of samples excited by modulated wavelength components with different modulation frequencies , for example as shown in Figure 7A.
  • the demodulation module 70 in the system demodulates the two parts of the signal to be demodulated according to the light intensity ratio of the two parts of fluorescence and the amplification ratio of the two fluorescence detectors 601 and 602 , so as to obtain the desired fluorescence spectrum of the sample. Due to the use of paired detectors, the dynamic range of signal detection is significantly improved.
  • the time-domain signal of the detection module can be instantly converted into a 2-dimensional fluorescence signal through the demodulation module 70, as shown in Figure 7B, where ⁇ E is the excitation wavelength, ⁇ F the fluorescence wavelength, and I F is the fluorescence intensity, where the excitation
  • ⁇ E is the excitation wavelength
  • ⁇ F the fluorescence wavelength
  • I F is the fluorescence intensity
  • Fig. 6B, Fig. 6C and Fig. 6D show three optical path arrangements for the sample fluorescence spectrometry system of Fig. 6A.
  • the arrangement of the optical elements upstream of the detector for these three optical paths is basically consistent with the arrangement of the optical paths shown in FIG. 5B .
  • the detection modules are arranged up and down in pairs to form two rows of arrays, thus forming two detectors, one row is used as the first detector to detect the acceptable fluorescence greater than or equal to 90%, and the other row is used as the second detector The fluorescent part less than 10% is detected, so as to obtain two parts of signals to be demodulated.
  • PMT photomultiplier tube
  • MPPC multi-pixel photon counter
  • pairs of detectors can be arranged independently of each other, each with an independent entrance window.
  • the incident window of one detector receives more than or equal to 90% of the acceptable fluorescent light for detection, while the incident window of the other detector receives less than 10% of the acceptable fluorescent light for detection, so as to obtain two parts of signals to be demodulated.
  • each of the paired detectors 64 may comprise a photomultiplier tube (PMT) array or a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC).
  • the incident window of one detector receives and detects the fluorescent part with a light intensity greater than 90%, while the incident window of the other detector detects the fluorescent part with a light intensity less than 10%, so as to obtain two parts of signals to be demodulated.
  • Each detector may have N (N>1) rows of detection arrays, and each row of detection arrays has multiple detection channels.
  • the channel arrays of two adjacent rows are not aligned, that is, the detection channels of two adjacent rows are offset or indented from each other.
  • two adjacent rows of detection channels are offset or indented by 1/N of the length of the detection channel, so that each detection channel detects a different part of each wavelength component of the fluorescence. In this way, an N-fold increase in resolution can be obtained by combining the fluorescence spectra of all rows of the detection array.
  • each detector has 3 rows of detection arrays, and each row of detection arrays has multiple detection channels.
  • the upper and lower adjacent detection channels are offset by 1/3 of the channel width, the middle row of detection arrays is offset to the left by 1/3 relative to the bottom row of detection arrays, and the top row of detection arrays is relative to the bottom row of detection arrays Offset 2/3 to the left.
  • the offsets of adjacent rows of detection arrays may be set in prime ratios. Specifically, for N rows of detection arrays, the offset ratio of the second row relative to the first row, the third row relative to the second row, the fourth row relative to the third row until the Nth row relative to the N-1th row is p1: p2:p3:...pN, where p1, p2, p3...pN are selected as different prime numbers, for example, p1:p2:p3 is 1:3:5.
  • each detector can have 4 rows of pixel channel arrays arranged up and down, wherein the second row, the third row and the fourth row from the top to the bottom are respectively 3/15, 5/15, and 7/15 of the detection channel width. Adjacent rows are offset or shortened, that is, they are indented at a ratio of prime numbers 3, 5, and 7, which is more favorable for increasing detection accuracy.
  • the modulation module 30 in the above embodiments may further include an angle modulation module 310 and a beam selection module 320 .
  • the broad-spectrum light beam 110 emitted by the light source 10 passes through a wavelength division module 20 including, for example, a light dispersion element, a grating, a prism, a diffraction element, or a combination thereof to obtain multiple wavelength components with spatial separation.
  • the wavelength division light beam 120, these wavelength components arrive at the MEMS optical element array of the angle modulation module 310, the array has a plurality of space segments, and each space modulates the outgoing angle of a corresponding wavelength component with a characteristic frequency, so that the wavelength component and other The wavelength components have different modulation frequencies.
  • the frequency-modulated wavelength components reach the beam steering module 320 .
  • the beam steering module 320 preferably includes an optical element for converging the wavelength-division beam 120 , an aperture placed on the focal point of the beam, and an optical element for collimating each wavelength component.
  • the function of the light beam selection module 320 is to transmit light with an incident angle of 0 and block light incident at other angles. Combining the angle modulation module 310 and the beam direction selection module 320 can obtain a wavelength-division beam whose light intensity amplitude is modulated, and the modulation frequency of each wavelength component is different.
  • the above sample absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum systems can be integrated together to form a system for simultaneously measuring the absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of a sample.
  • the system includes a light source 10, a wavelength division module 20, a modulation module 30, a sample module 40, an absorption spectrum module set and a fluorescence spectrum module set.
  • the absorption spectrum module set further includes an absorption spectrum detection module and an absorption spectrum demodulation module
  • the fluorescence spectrum module set further includes a fluorescence spectrum detection module and a fluorescence spectrum demodulation module.
  • the wavelength division module 20 receives the broad-spectrum light beam 110 from the light source 10, and converts it into a wavelength division light beam 120 having multiple wavelength components in different wavelength bands separated in space.
  • the modulation module 30 is configured to simultaneously modulate wavelength components of different wavelength bands of the wavelength division beam 120 with different modulation frequencies to form a modulated wavelength division beam 130 having multiple modulated wavelength components.
  • the modulated wavelength components of the modulated wavelength division light beam 130 exiting the modulation module 30 are each spatially separated, and each modulated wavelength component has a specific modulation frequency.
  • the sample module 40 simultaneously receives a plurality of modulated wavelength components of the modulated wavelength division beam 130 from the modulation module 30 .
  • the sample module 40 allows at least a part of the multiple modulated wavelength components to pass through and irradiate the transmitted light detection module 50 to obtain a signal to be demodulated about the absorption spectrum; on the other hand, it allows the sample at the sample module 40 to be modulated by multiple
  • the wavelength component is excited to generate fluorescence including multiple wavelength bands, and the fluorescence is irradiated to the fluorescence spectrum detection module to obtain the signal to be demodulated about the fluorescence spectrum.
  • the two parts of the signal are respectively demodulated by the demodulation module 70, so as to obtain the corresponding absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum.
  • the system can realize simultaneous detection of absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the same sample. It should be noted that the two demodulation modules 70 in the dual spectrum detection system can be integrated in the same data processing device, and the data processing device can be integrated with the detection system, or can be remotely connected via a data bus. equipment.
  • FIG. 8A shows a schematic circuit diagram of a sample absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum measurement system according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the broad-spectrum light beam 110 with multiple wavelength bands generated by the light source passes through the wavelength division module 20 to form a wavelength division light beam 120 with multiple wavelength components and enters the optical modulator 301 together, such as a MEMS mirror array, MEMS spatial light modulator, etc.
  • the optical modulator 301 is driven by a modulation driver 302, which includes a microcontroller (ARM processor or FPGA), ROM, RAM, clock and power supply.
  • the modulation driver 302 provides the optical modulator 301 with a set modulation mode and a control signal. For example, the modulation driver 302 may select a wavelength from 190 nm to 900 nm as the target wavelength, and control the optical modulator 301 to adjust the wavelength within this range.
  • the modulation driver 302 will also select different prime numbers "PN" in the range from 2 to 999983 for the wavelength components of different wavelength bands, and the modulation frequency of the selected wavelength is equal to PN*F base , where F base is 1Hz or 10Hz or 100Hz or 1000Hz . If F base is equal to 10Hz or 100Hz, due to the influence of harmonics, the system needs to set a higher signal-to-noise ratio and ADC sampling rate than 1H. Preferably, F base is 1 Hz, so all modulation frequencies are prime numbers.
  • the modulation duty cycle setting range can be adjusted from 10%/90% (ON/OFF) to 90/10% (ON/OFF), and the modulation depth can be adjusted from 25% to 100%.
  • Figure 9A shows the spectrum using a prime number modulation frequency, where Ab represents the absorbance and W represents the wavelength, where weak signals can be detected
  • Figure 9B shows the spectrum using a non-prime number modulation frequency, where weak signals cannot be annihilated by noise is detected where Ab represents the absorbance and W represents the wavelength. Comparing the graphs of the signal-to-noise ratio of the two groups, it can be seen that the prime number modulation frequency has a better signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the light modulator 301 supplies some or all of the plurality of modulated wavelength components to the sample module 40 .
  • the multiple modulated wavelength components pass through the sample module 40 and irradiate the transmitted light detection module 50 at the same time to obtain a time domain signal, the time domain signal contains the sample transmitted light information with different modulation frequencies.
  • the time domain signal is output to an analog-to-digital converter 701, which typically includes filters, amplifiers, and analog-to-digital conversion circuitry.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 701 samples and converts analog electronic signals into digital signals.
  • the sampling rate is at least 100KHz and at least 5 times higher than the maximum modulation frequency, and the sampling accuracy is at least 12bit.
  • a digital time-domain signal is thus obtained with the light transmitted by the sample.
  • the fluorescence detection module 60 receives the fluorescence generated by the sample in the sample module 40 excited by the plurality of modulated wavelength components.
  • the fluorescence detection module 60 may include a grating, a multi-channel PMT array, or a multi-channel multi-pixel photon detector, etc., and the detection module 60 also generates a time-domain signal, where the time-domain signal includes samples excited by wavelength components with different modulation frequencies fluorescence information.
  • the time-domain signal containing fluorescence information is provided to another analog-to-digital converter 702, which also includes filters, amplifiers and analog-to-digital conversion circuits, which obtain digital time-domain signals of multiple detection channels with sample fluorescence information.
  • the digital signal with transmitted light information of the sample and the digital signal with fluorescence information of the sample are sent to the signal processing unit 703 to obtain the absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the sample.
  • the signal processing unit 703 Preferably, there is a bus connection between the signal processing unit 703 and the modulation driver 302 to perform lock-in amplify (Lock-in Amplify) with synchronous modulation and demodulation frequency and phase information, and then obtain the spectrum.
  • the modulation module is not connected to the signal processing unit 703 through a bus. In this case, the signal processing unit 703 needs to perform Fourier transform on the time domain signal to obtain the spectrum.
  • the corresponding relationship between each wavelength of the WDM beam and the modulation frequency has been determined when the WDM module 20 and the modulation module are designed and adjusted, and the information of the corresponding relationship will also be used as the input information of the signal processing unit 703 .
  • Transforming the digital time-domain signal of transmitted light into an absorption spectrum is usually divided into the following steps, 1) Transform the digital time-domain signal into a signal spectrum whose transmitted light intensity corresponds to the modulation frequency through digital lock-in amplification or digital Fourier transform , 2) through the corresponding relationship between each wavelength of the WDM beam and the modulation frequency, the signal spectrogram described in 1) is converted into a transmission spectrogram whose transmitted light intensity corresponds to each wavelength of the WDM beam, 3) according to pre-measurement and preservation The transmission spectrum of the background (no sample) is transformed into the absorption spectrum of the sample.
  • Transforming the digital time-domain signal of fluorescence into a fluorescence spectrum is usually divided into the following steps, 1) converting the digital time-domain signal into a signal spectrogram of fluorescence light intensity corresponding to the modulation frequency through digital lock-in amplification or digital Fourier transform, 2) Through the corresponding relationship between each wavelength of the wavelength division beam and the modulation frequency, the signal spectrum described in 1) is transformed into a fluorescence excitation spectrum whose fluorescence intensity corresponds to each wavelength of the wavelength division beam, that is, the fluorescence intensity and the excitation wavelength Correspondence spectrum, 3) Expand the fluorescence excitation spectrum into a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum according to the fluorescence wavelength corresponding to each detection channel.
  • Fig. 8B shows a schematic diagram of the optical path of a system for simultaneously measuring absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • This optical path arrangement integrates the components in the optical path arrangement shown in FIG. 1B and the components in the optical path arrangement shown in FIG. 5B.
  • the optical path arrangement suitable for simultaneous measurement of absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum includes light emitting element 11, incident slit 12, concave grating 21, MEMS mirror array 31, optical lens 32 and mirror 33, flow cell 41 and concave mirror 42, and also includes another condenser lens 43, exit slit 44, filter 45 and another grating 47.
  • the modulated WDM beam passes through the sample in the flow cell 41 and shoots to the downstream concave mirror 42.
  • the arrangement of the concave mirror 42 makes the spatially dispersed multiple The modulated wavelength components are converged and irradiated onto the detector 51 at the same time, so as to obtain the first signal to be demodulated including the absorption spectrum information.
  • the sample in the flow cell 41 is excited by the modulated wavelength-division beam from the reflector 33 to generate fluorescence, and the fluorescence passes through another condenser lens 43 , exit slit 44 and filter 45 to another grating 47 .
  • the grating 47 is arranged so that the fluorescent light beams are spatially dispersed according to different wavelength bands and turned to the downstream fluorescence detector 61 in the optical path, so as to obtain a second signal to be demodulated including fluorescent spectral information. With this optical path arrangement, the absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum can be detected simultaneously.
  • Figures 11(a)-11(f) show simulated examples of exemplary absorption spectral dynamic ranges for the systems shown in Figures 3A and 4A.
  • three wavelength components are provided, and their wavelengths are 395 ⁇ 5 nm, 405 ⁇ 5 nm, and 415 ⁇ 5 nm, respectively. These wavelength components are set to have the same optical power and amplitude.
  • the three wavelength components are modulated at 12197Hz, 14713Hz, and 15727Hz respectively.
  • the detector responses were set to 1.0V, 1.0V, and 1.0V, respectively.
  • the root mean square value of light intensity noise of the three wavelength components is 1mv, 5mv, 10mv, 50mv and 10mv respectively when the response frequency is 100Hz, 10Hz, 1Hz, 0.1Hz and white noise.
  • the RMS value of electronic white noise is 1mV.
  • Fig. 11(a) is a time-domain signal obtained from the reference light detection module 503 receiving a small part of the modulated WDM beam, where the horizontal axis represents time (t), and the vertical axis represents signal amplitude (S).
  • r is the proportion of a part of the modulated wavelength-divided light beam split into the reference light detection module 503 from the light source.
  • the zoomed-in plot on the upper right is the source noise response of the unmodulated detector.
  • Figure 11(c) is the differential amplified signals of the two detectors respectively, where the horizontal axis represents the time (t), and the vertical axis represents the signal amplitude (S).
  • the amplification factors of the first detector and the second detector are fp and fr, respectively.
  • the sampling rate is set to 10MHz.
  • the first method is to obtain p and r directly from the specifications of the beam splitter, from which fp and fr are calculated.
  • the second method is to adjust fp and fr so that the Fourier transform amplitudes of the wavelength division components (such as 405 ⁇ 5nm wavelength components modulated with 14713Hz) from the two detectors become equal values, such as 1.0V, to be suitable for electronic amplifiers and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Samples should be removed before adjusting fp and fr.
  • the Fourier transform amplitude spectrum in the modulated frequency domain as shown in Figure 11(d), (e), (f) will be obtained, which is transformed by the time domain signal (a), (b), (c) respectively Come, where the horizontal axis represents the frequency (f), and the vertical axis represents the amplitude (A) of the corresponding frequency signal.
  • the integration time of the Fourier transform is 1s.
  • the magnitudes of 12197Hz, 14713Hz and 15727Hz (corresponding to wavelength division, 395 ⁇ 5nm, 405 ⁇ 5nm, 415 ⁇ 5nm) in Figure 11(d) are 1.000000V, 1.000000V and 000000V, respectively.
  • Fig. 11(e) they are 0.000014V (visible in the partial enlargement in the upper left corner of Fig. 11(e), 0.100003V and 0.999995V, respectively.
  • the values in Fig. 11(f) are 0.999995 V, 0.900001 V, and 0.000005 V (visible in the top right partial enlargement of Fig. 11(f)).
  • the detection of this single-detector approach is limited by the white noise of the light source.
  • This single-detector approach provides a linear dynamic range of 10 5 (maximum signal of 1 V, source white noise of 10 mV, electron white noise of 1 mV, sampling rate of 10 MHz, and integration time of 1 s).
  • Figures 12(a)-12(d) show simulated examples of exemplary fluorescence spectral dynamic ranges for the systems shown in Figures 5A and 6A.
  • a light source is provided to irradiate the sample with three wavelength components generated to excite fluorescence, and their wavelengths are 395 ⁇ 5 nm, 405 ⁇ 5 nm and 415 ⁇ 5 nm, respectively. These wavelength components are set to have the same optical power and amplitude. Next, the three wavelength components are modulated at the prime frequencies of 12197 Hz, 14713 Hz and 15727 Hz respectively.
  • the sample is excited by three wavelength components to generate fluorescence, among which the fluorescence intensity at 525 ⁇ 5nm is 0.1x 10ct/us (10 counts per microsecond), 500x 10ct/us and 5000x 10ct/us; the sample at 565 ⁇ 5nm wavelength
  • the fluorescence intensities are 500x 10 3 x 10ct/us, 100x10ct/us, and 5x10 6 x 10ct/us respectively.
  • the sampling rate is 10Mhz
  • the unit of fluorescence intensity is counts per 100 nanoseconds, that is, 10 counts per microsecond.
  • a multi-channel multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) was used as a paired detector. Assume that the first detector receives 0.001 parts of fluorescence and the second detector receives 0.999 parts of fluorescence.
  • the detection range of the second detector is from Noise2 to 12x 10 3 x 10ct/us
  • the decay rate of one detector should be multiplied by the decay ratio 10 3 to obtain the actual photon count on the first detector.
  • the second detector has a peak-to-peak noise (including stray light) of 100x 10ct/us per channel.
  • the peak-to-peak noise per channel of the first detector is then 100x 10 3 x 10ct/us.
  • Figure 12(a) shows the fluorescence time-domain signal of the first column channel of the first detector for the 565 ⁇ 5nm wavelength component
  • Figure 12(b) shows the second column channel channel of the second detector for the 525 ⁇ 5nm Fluorescence time-domain signals of wavelength components, where the horizontal axis represents time (t) and the vertical axis represents photon counts (PC).
  • the fluorescence of the wavelength component of 565 ⁇ 5nm is strong (10 6 x 10ct/us)
  • the second column channel of the second detector is saturated, but can be detected by the second column channel of the first detector arrive.
  • the fluorescence of the 525 ⁇ 5nm wavelength component is weak (0.1–500x 10ct/us), which cannot be detected by the first column of channels of the first detector, but can be detected by the second column of channels of the second detector.
  • Figure 12(c) shows the fluorescence spectra at 565 ⁇ 5nm excited by the modulated wavelength components of 395 ⁇ 5nm, 405 ⁇ 5nm and 415 ⁇ 5nm, respectively, where the horizontal axis represents the frequency (f), and the vertical axis represents the photon count (PC) .
  • the integration time is 1s.
  • the fluorescence counts were 500 x 10 3 x 10 ct/us, 10 5 x 10 ct/us (clearly shown in the partial enlargement in the upper left corner of Fig. 12(c)) and 5 x 10 6 x 10 ct/us, respectively.
  • Figure 12(d) shows the fluorescence spectra at 525 ⁇ 5nm excited by the modulated wavelength components of 395 ⁇ 5nm, 405 ⁇ 5nm and 415 ⁇ 5nm, respectively, where the horizontal axis represents the frequency (f), and the vertical axis represents the photon count (PC) , where the integration time is 1 s, and the fluorescence counts are 0.1x 10ct/us (clearly shown in the partial enlargement in the upper left corner of Figure 12(c), 500x 10ct/us and 5000x 10ct/us, respectively.
  • the motion range is 10 5
  • the sampling rate is 10MHz
  • the detection of the absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum can be performed simultaneously.
  • the two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum can be obtained in real time in the case of using a flowing sample, which makes the detection speed of the spectrum faster.
  • the system according to the present disclosure has no mechanical moving parts, the whole system is more firm and reliable, and the system arrangement is more compact, thereby realizing the miniaturization of system equipment.
  • the techniques described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof unless specifically described as being implemented in a particular manner. Any features described as modules or components may also be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be implemented at least in part by a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed, perform one or more of the methods described above.
  • a non-transitory processor readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product which may include packaging materials.
  • Program code can be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with the processing system. Program code can also be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In fact, the mechanisms described herein are not limited in scope to any particular programming language. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language.
  • Machine-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, non-transitory tangible arrangements of items manufactured or formed by a machine or apparatus, including storage media such as: hard disks; any other type of disk, including floppy disks, compact disks, compact disks; Compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk rewritable (CD-RW), and magneto-optical disks; semiconductor devices such as read-only memory (ROM), such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static random access memory Random Access Memory (RAM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Flash Memory, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM); Phase Change Memory (PCM); Magnetic or optical card; or any other type of medium suitable for storing electronic instructions.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • RAM static random access memory Random Access Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • Flash Memory Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • PCM Phase Change

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Abstract

一种对样品进行光谱测定的方法、系统以及流式细胞仪。采用波分模块（20）将来自光源（10）的广谱光束在空间上分离，获得具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束，采用调制模块（30）同时对波分光束的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束，使多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射样品，并且通过吸收光谱模块组对包含样品吸收光谱信息的待解调信号进行解调，或者通过荧光光谱模块组对包含样品荧光信息的待解调信号进行解调。同时还提供了一种紧凑型吸收光谱和/或荧光光谱检测系统，可以同时用多个波长分量照射样品，进而可以快速实时地获得样品的全部的荧光和/或吸收光信息。

Description

对样品进行光谱测定的方法、系统以及流式细胞仪 技术领域
本公开涉及对样品进行光谱测定的技术领域，尤其涉及对样品进行吸收光谱及荧光光谱测定的方法及系统。
背景技术
现有技术中已有各种对样品进行吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行测定的仪器，借助于吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测定，可以对样品的进行各种定性和定量的分析。
吸收光谱仪和荧光光谱仪互补地涵盖了化学科学和生物科学中大多数物质的定性和定量分析。越来越多的场合要求能够同时获取物质吸收光谱和荧光光谱。
中国专利申请CN103649726A公开了一种用于荧光和吸收率分析的系统。该系统包括输入光源、从输入光源接收光并用多个波长中的每一个波长循序地照亮该样品的双减色单色仪、接收并基本同时检测该样品对该多个激发波长中的每一个激发波长发射的多个光波长的多通道荧光检测器、接收并检测穿过该样品的光的吸收检测器、以及计算机，该计算机与单色仪、荧光检测器及吸收检测器通信，以控制单色仪用多个波长中的每一个波长循序地照亮该样品，同时基于从该荧光和吸收检测器接收到的多个信号测量该样品的吸收和荧光。
此外，现有的荧光光谱仪通常具有可动的光学机械部件，这些可动的光学机械部件需要有非常高的重复性精度才能保证光谱仪的测量重复性。然而，由于这些运动部件的存在，在实际工业应用中很难使得光谱仪实现小型化，且可动部件也会降低仪器使用的可靠性。虽然，可以采用诸如电荷注入检测器(CCD)、多像素光子计数器(MPPC)等高灵敏度和高分辨率的检测器阵列，以减少部分运动部件的使用，但仍不能完全解决可动部件带来的问题。
此外，对于荧光光谱在化学分析中有很多应用，现有的连续荧光测定光谱仪需要分别扫描激发波长和荧光波长以获得一维(荧光波长为横坐标)或者二维(激发波长和荧光波长分别为一个坐标轴)荧光光谱。这样的操作比较费时，而且通常只适用于静态样品，对于流动样品，由于样品在流动过程中浓度会发生变化，因此，现有的技术不适合对流动样品的荧光光谱进行测定。另外，目 前有一些流式细胞仪虽然可以测量连续流动的细胞样品的荧光，但所获得的荧光光谱在波长域是不连续的，即例如其激发光波长分别为405nm、488nm、561nm、637nm，荧光检测使用8-16个滤波片，获得8-16个不同的且不连续波段的荧光。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中的不足，本公开提供了一种对样品进行光谱测定的方法，包括以下步骤：
a.将广谱光束中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离，从而获得包括具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束；
b.同时对波分光束中的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束；以及
c.使多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射样品；
本公开的方法还包括以下用于获得样品吸收光谱的第一组步骤和用于获得样品荧光光谱的第二组步骤中的至少一组。
第一组步骤包括：
d1.同时接收穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量，以获得第一待解调信号；和
e1.对第一待解调信号进行解调，以获得样品的吸收光谱。
第二组步骤包括：
d2.同时接收样品由多个已调制波长分量激发的荧光，以获得第二待解调信号；和
e2.对第二待解调信号进行解调，以获得样品的荧光光谱。
采用本公开的方案，可以同时用多个波长分量照射样品，进而可以快速实时地获得样品的全部的荧光和/或吸收光信息。譬如要获得样品在200nm‐400nm(分辨率10nm)波段范围内的激发光照射下的荧光400‐900nm(分辨率10nm)所有光谱，如果需要循序地扫描激发光，需要20次，假设荧光积分时间1s，则至少需要20s完成测量，并且需要在这20s内将样品保持在样品池内。而本公开的方案由于采用多个波长分量同时照射样品，因此在同样的荧光积分时间为1s情况下，总共只需要1s即可获得上述荧光光谱，样品只需要在1s内保持在样品池内即可，因此非常适合流动样品的测量，相应也显著提高 了光谱测定的效率。
较佳地，在步骤b中，以不同的质数频率对不同波长段的多个波长分量进行调制。更佳地，多个调制频率被选择为任何两个频率间的差值都不相同。由此，可以避免高次谐波干扰，提高检测的精度。
较佳地，在第二组步骤中，步骤e2还包括：将第二待解调信号转换为二维荧光光谱。采用本公开的方案，可以从流动的样品中获得二维的荧光光谱，提高的检测效率。
较佳地，步骤d1进一步包括：分别同时接收穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量中的第一部分和穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量中的第二部分，获得包括分别对应于第一部分和第二部分的两部分时域信号的第一待解调信号；步骤e1进一步包括：将两部分时域信号分别进行解调，并根据第一部分和第二部分的光强比例以及根据第一部分和第二部分的接收放大比率获得样品的吸收光谱。第一部分的光强通常与第二部分的光强不同。将多个已调制波长分量分成两部分进行解调，能够显著增大信号检测的动态范围。
较佳地，当采用获得样品吸收光谱的第一组步骤时，在步骤b之后步骤c之前，同时接收多个已调制波长分量中的未照射到所述样品的部分，并获得该部分的时域信号作为参考时域信号；在步骤e1中，第一待解调信号为时域信号，对参考时域信号和第一待解调信号进行解调获得样品的吸收光谱。较佳地，未照射到样品的部分的光强小于等于所述调制波分光束的光强的50％。由于引入了参考时域信号，因此，可以有利地消除光源本身的噪声和波动，提高吸收光谱的信噪比。
根据本公开再一个方面，在对样品进行光谱测定的方法中，步骤d2还包括：分别同时接收荧光的第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分，获得包括分别对应于所述第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的两部分待解调信号的第二待解调信号，所述第一荧光部分的光强小于可接收荧光的总光强的10％；步骤e2还包括：对第二待解调信号进行解调，并根据第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的光强比例以及第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的接收放大比率获得样品的荧光光谱。将荧光分成接收荧光分成两部分进行解调，能够显著增大信号检测的动态范围。
此外，本公开还提供了一种对样品进行光谱测定的系统，包括：光源，光源构造成发射广谱光束；波分模块，波分模块将来自光源的广谱光束中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离，从而获得具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波 分光束；调制模块，所述调制模块同时对波分光束的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束；以及样品模块，样品模块构造成允许多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射样品；系统还包括以下吸收光谱模块组和荧光光谱模块组中的至少一个模块组。吸收光谱模块组包括：第一检测模块，第一检测模块同时接收穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量，并获得第一待解调信号；和第一解调模块，第一解调模块对第一待解调信号进行解调，以获得样品的吸收光谱。荧光光谱模块组包括：第二检测模块，第二检测模块同时接收所述样品由多个已调制波长分量激发的荧光，获得第二待解调信号；和第二解调模块，第二解调模块对第二待解调信号进行解调，以获得样品的荧光光谱。
较佳地，调制模块包括具有多个空间段的MEMS光学元件阵列，其中每个一空间段被设置成以不同的调制频率对波分光束中的一个波长分量进行调制，其中不同的调制频率为不同的质数频率。更佳地，多个不同的调制频率被选择为任何两个频率间的差值都不相同。MEMS光学元件阵列使用使得系统的整体结构更为紧凑，能够实现批量生产，成本上更为高效。
较佳地，第二解调模块构造成将第二待解调信号转换为二维荧光光谱。采用本公开的方案，可以从流动的样品中获得二维的荧光光谱，提高的检测效率。
另一方面，在根据本公开系统的吸收光谱模块组中，第一检测模块包括第一检测器和第二检测器，利用第一检测器接收穿过所述样品的多个已调制波长分量中的第一部分，利用第二检测器接收穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量中的第二部分，由此获得的第一待解调信号包括分别由第一检测器和第二检测器获得的两部分时域信号；第一解调模块将两部分时域信号分别进行解调，并根据第一检测器和第二检测器的放大比率获得样品的吸收光谱。较佳地，吸收光谱模块组还包括分束器，分束器将穿过样品的调制波分光束成第一部分和第二部分，第一部分的光强与第二部分的光强不同。将多个已调制波长分量分成两部分分别利用第一检测器和第二检测器进行解调，能够显著增大信号检测的动态范围。
根据本公开的另一个方面，系统还包括第三检测模块，利用第三检测模块接收多个已调制波长分量中的未照射到样品的部分，并获得该部分的时域信号作为参考时域信号，系统包括吸收光谱模块组，其中第一待解调信号为时域信号；第一解调模块包括差分放大器和转换器，差分放大器和转换器对来自参考 时域信号和时域信号进行差分放大并解调获得样品的吸收光谱。由于引入了第三检测模块来提供参考时域信号，因此，可以有利地消除光源本身的噪声和波动，提高吸收光谱的信噪比。
根据本公开的另一个方面，对于荧光光谱模块组，第二检测模块包括第三检测器和第四检测器，荧光的第一荧光部分由第三检测器检测，荧光的第二荧光部分由第四检测器检测，由此获得的第二待解调信号包括分别由第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分获得的两部分待解调信号，其中所第一述荧光部分的光强小于荧光的总光强的10％，第二解调模块构造成对第二待解调信号进行解调，并根据第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的光强比例以及第三检测器和第四检测器的放大比率获得样品的荧光光谱。较佳地，荧光检测模块包括光电倍增管(PMT)阵列和多像素光子计数器(MPPC)中至少一种的光电检测器构成的成对检测器，每一个检测器具有多排多通道阵列，相邻两排的通道阵列之间不对齐。将荧光分成接收荧光分成两部分分别使用两个检测器进行检测并随后进行解调，能够显著增大信号检测的动态范围。
较佳地，波分模块包括光色散元件、光衍射元件、光栅和棱镜中的至少一种，而样品模块包括布置成样品能够从中流过的流通池。流通池提供了对样品的动态容纳，利用本公开的方法和系统能够即时地提供流动样品的二维荧光光谱。
本公开还提供了一种流式细胞仪，该流式细胞仪包括构造成发射广谱光束的光源；波分模块，波分模块将来自光源的广谱光束中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离，从而获得具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束；调制模块，调制模块同时对所述波分光束的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束；流通池，流通池构造成允许多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射移动通过流通池的细胞流上；以及荧光光谱模块组，荧光光谱模块组包括：检测模块，检测模块同时接收细胞流由多个已调制波长分量激发的荧光，获得待解调信号；和解调模块，解调模块对待解调信号进行解调，以获得细胞流的荧光光谱。较佳地，流式细胞仪的解调模块包括取样积分器(BoxCar)。
本公开的流式细胞仪能够采用连续的波长段的激发光激发产生荧光，再结合取样积分器的信号处理可以获得细胞样品在波长域上连续的荧光光谱的统计分布规律。此外，本公开提供了一种用于荧光检测的液相色谱仪，其具备上 述光源、波分模块、调制模块、样品模块、解调模模块以及荧光光谱模块组。这样的液相色谱仪可以在液体泵连续工作的情况下获得二维荧光光谱。
在本公开的优选实施例中，对于荧光光谱的检测，在使用流动样品的情况下就能即时获得二维的荧光光谱。根据本公开的系统没有机械运动部件，系统整体更为紧固和可靠，系统布置更为紧凑，能够实现光谱测定系统的小型化。
在本公开的优选实施例中，根据本公开的技术样品光谱检测系统和方法，吸收光谱模块组和荧光光谱模块组可以同时设置在系统中，这样仅需要一套光源模块、波分模块、调制模块和样品模块就能同时对吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行检测。
附图说明
为了更完全理解本公开的技术方案，可参考结合附图来理解示例性实施例的下述描述，附图中：
图1A为根据本公开的第一较佳实施例的样品吸收光谱测定系统的原理示意图。
图1B为根据本公开的第一较佳实施例的样品吸收光谱测定系统的光路示意图。
图2A为图1A所示系统中检测模块输出的示例性时域信号图。
图2B为从图2A所的时域信号转换获得的示例性频域信号图，即吸收光谱。
图3A为根据本公开的第二较佳实施例的样品吸收光谱测定系统的原理示意图。
图3B为根据本公开的第二较佳实施例的对样品吸收光谱测定系统的光路示意图。
图4为根据本公开的第三较佳实施例的对样品进行吸收光光谱测定的系统的原理示意图。
图5A为根据本公开的第四较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的原理示意图。
图5B为根据本公开的第四较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的光路示意图。
图6A为根据本公开的第五较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的原理示 意图。
图6B至图6D为根据本公开的第五较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的原理示意图。
图7A为图5A和图6A所示系统中检测模块输出的示例性时域信号图。
图7B为图7A所示时域信号图转换获得的示例性频域信号图，即二维荧光光谱。
图8A为根据本公开的第六较佳实施例的同时测量吸收光谱和荧光光谱的系统原理示意图。
图8B为根据本公开的第六较佳实施例的同时测量吸收光谱和荧光光谱的系统光路示意图。
图9A示出了采用质数调制频率的光谱。
图9B示出了采用非质数调制频率的光谱。
图10示出了适用于本公开的系统的波分模块和调制模块的一变形例的原理示意图。
图11(a)‐图11(f)示出了示例性的吸收光谱动态范围的模拟实施例。
图12(a)‐图12(d)示出了示例性的荧光光谱动态范围的模拟实施例。
图13为图12(a)‐图12(d)所示模拟实施例中采用的检测器的示意图。
附图标记列表
10 光源
20 波分模块
30 调制模块
40 样品模块
50 透射光检测模块
60 荧光检测模块
70 解调模块
11 发光件
12 入射狭缝
21 凹面光栅
29 止光器
31 MEMS反射镜阵列
32 光学透镜
33 反射镜
35 分束器
41 流通池
42 凹面镜
43 光学透镜
44 出射狭缝
45 滤波片
47 光栅
51、52 检测器
61、62、63、64 荧光检测器
110 广谱光束
120 波分光束
130 调制波分光束
301 光调制器
302 调制驱动器
310 角度调制模块
320 光束选向模块
501、502 透射光检测器
503 参考光检测模块
601、602 荧光检测器
701、702 模数转换单元
703 信号处理单元
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本公开作进一步说明，在以下的描述中阐述了更多的细节以便于充分理解本公开，但是本公开显然能够以多种不同于此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本公开内涵的情况下根据实际应用情况作类似推广、演绎，因此不应以此具体实施例的内容限制本公开的保护范围。
除非另作定义，权利要求书和说明书中使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当 为本公开所属技术领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同元件，并不排除其他元件或者物件。
总体而言，本公开提供了对样品进行光谱测定的方法和系统。光谱测定包括吸收光谱测定和荧光光谱测定两部分，它们可以独立进行，也可以同时进行。
具体而言，在根据本公开的对样品进行光谱测定的方法中，较佳地，提供广谱光束，广谱光束指不同波长段的光束的总合，这些不同波长段的光束在空间上未被分离。接着，将广谱光束中不同波长段的子光束按波长的不同在空间上分离。在此定义，每一个不同波长段的子光束被称为“波长分量”，其中的每一个不同波长段可以理解为覆盖一小段波长区域。由此获得在空间上分离的具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束，在此定义，“波分光束”指空间分离的多个不同波长段的子光束的集合。可以理解，经过波分处理获得的波分光束包括多个不同波长段的波长分量。随后，同时对波分光束中的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行光强的幅度调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束。使用多个已调制波长分量中的一部分或全部同时照射待测样品。
一方面，当多个已调制波长分量的一部分或全部穿过样品后，这些穿过样品的已调制波长分量由检测模块同时接收，从而获得第一待解调信号。对第一待解调信号进行解调，便可获得样品的吸收光谱。
另一方面，多个已调制波长分量的一部分或全部同时照射样品激发使其产生荧光，由例如另一检测模块接收这些激发的荧光，从而获得第二待解调信号。对第二待解调信号进行解调，便可获得样品的荧光光谱。较佳地，波分光束的调制周期时间应至少大于荧光寿命的10倍。
当对样品的吸收光谱进行检测时，较佳地可以采用双检测器差分方式进行解调。较佳地，在获得具有空间上分离波长分量的波分光束后，可以从波分光束中分出一部分强度的光束，分出的光束也具有多个空间分离波长分量，这一部分光束的强度较佳地可小于调制波分光束的光强的50％。分出的部分光束不照射样品，而是直接被检测以获得参考信号，例如参考时域信号。余下部分的 调制波分光束则仍照射样品，随后同时接收到穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量，从而获得包含样品吸收光谱信息的第一待解调信号，其也为时域信号。这样，借助于差分放大器和转换器来对参考信号和第一待解调信号进行差分放大并解调获得样品的吸收光谱，由此可以消除来自光源本身引起的噪音和波动。
此外，在一种替代方式中，当对样品吸收光谱进行检测时，在使用多个已调制波长分量中的一部分或全部同时照射待测样品之后，将穿过样品的已调制波长分量按光强分成不同的两部分，即穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量的第一部分和穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量的第二部分，第一部分和第二部分的光强较佳地不同。使用两个检测器分别同时接收穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量的第一部分和穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量的第二部分，这时获得第一待解调信号包括分别对应于第一部分和第二部分的两部分时域信号，例如时域信号。根据第一部分和第二部分的光强比例以及检测器的放大比例，解调两部分待解调信号，从而获得吸收光谱。采用成对检测器对两部分样品的已调制波长分量进行检测，可以获得较大的动态检测范围。
在对样品进行荧光光谱进行检测时，使用多个已调制波长分量中的一部分或全部同时照射待测样品激发产生荧光后，将样品激发出的荧光按光强分成不同的两部分，即，第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分，其中第一荧光部分的光强小于可接收的荧光总光强的10％，相应地，第二荧光部分的光强则大于可接收的荧光总光强的90％。使用两个检测器对第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分进行检测，并获得包括分别对应于第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的两部分待解调信号的第二待解调信号，例如时域信号。对第二待解调信号进行解调，并根据第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的光强比例以及第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分的接收放大比率获得样品的荧光光谱。荧光光强分成两部分由成对检测器进行检测，可以获得较大的动态检测范围。
采用根据本公开荧光检测方法，由检测模块可以获得的荧光信号含有不同激发波长所激发的样品荧光全谱光谱信号，通过解调信号，进而能够同时获得不同激发波长的荧光光谱，即二维荧光光谱。
较佳地，在对空间分离的波分光束进行幅度调制时，调制频率较佳地从质数中进行选择，从而可以避免高次谐波干扰，并且任意两个调制频率之间的差应不同，以避免拍频干扰。调制占空比的范围从0.1％到99.9％，在解调时，积分时间至少大于一个调制周期。
以下，结合附图对本公开的各较佳实施例作具体描述。
图1示出了根据本公开第一较佳实施例的对样品的吸收光谱进行测定的系统的原理示意图。该系统主要包括提供广谱光束110的光源10、波分模块20、调制模块30、样品模块40、透射光检测模块50(即，第一检测模块)以及解调模块70(即，第一解调模块)。
系统中采用的光源10可以是红外光源、可见光源或紫外光源，包括卤素灯、氙灯或其他适于提供广谱光束110的光源10。由光源10发出的广谱光束110可以视作为多个不同波长段的波长分量的集合。由光源10发出的广谱光束110可以直接照射到光路中位于光源10下游的波分模块20，也可以经配置的任意光学元件，例如准直透镜、反射镜等将广谱光束110引导至波分模块20。
系统中的波分模块20构造成能够将来自光源10的广谱光束110中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离。这样，来自光源10的广谱光束110经过波分模块20后，经过波分处理，便获得了具有空间分离的不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束120。较佳地，波分模块20将不同波长段的多个波长分量以基本平行的空间位置关系分离，即，波分光束120包括多个平行的波长分量。
离开波分模块20的多个波长分量的一部分或全部接着同时射照射调制模块30。调制模块30构造成同时对波分光束120的不同波长段的波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束130。离开调制模块30的调制波分光束130的各个已调制波长分量通常在空间上仍被分离，并且每一个已调制波长分量都具有特定的调制频率。较佳地，对于吸收光谱的测定，进入调制模块30的波长分量的数量与离开调制模块30的已调制波长分量的数量一致。在替代实施方式中，根据需要，通过调制模块30的配置，可以使离开调制模块30的已调制波长分量的数量少于进入调制模块30的波长分量的数量。
在经过调制模块30后，多个已调制波长分量通向样品模块40。样品模块40构造成允许需要被测定的样品接纳在其中。较佳地，样品模块40包括流通池41(flow cell)，样品流动地接纳到其中。样品模块40的构造设置成允许多个已调制波长分量中的一部分或者全部同时照射到样品上。较佳地，调制波分光束130的各个已调制波长分量在样品中心局部空间上是会聚的。
多个已调制波长分量穿过样品模块40之后，这些已调制波长分量同时照射到透射光检测模块50，从而被透射光检测模块50接收而获得第一待解调信 号。对于吸收光谱的测量，较佳地，穿过样品模块40后的已调制波长分量在透射光检测模块50的局部空间上是会聚的。从透射光检测模块50获得的第一待解调信号随后被输送到解调模块70，解调模块70对信号进行解调，由此获得样品的吸收光谱。
较佳地，从透射光检测模块50获得的信号为时域信号，如图2A所示。经过如图1A中的解调模块70，该时域信号被转换成图2B所示的样品吸收率(Ab)对应于波分光束各个波长的吸收光谱。较佳的，如图1A所示，调制模块30与解调模块70通过总线相连，以同步调制、解调频率和相位信息进行锁相放大(Lock‐in Amplify)，进而获得吸收光谱。
在替代实施例中，调制模块30与解调模块70不通过总线相连，这时需要解调模块70对时域信号进行傅里叶变换来获得吸收光谱。波分光束的各个波长与调制频率的对应关系在设计、装调波分模块20和调制模块30时就已经确定，所述对应关系的信息也会作为解调模块70的输入信息。
将时域信号变换成吸收光谱通常分为如下几步骤：1)通过锁相放大或傅里叶变换将时域信号变换成透射光强对应于调制频率的信号谱图，2)通过波分光束的各个波长与调制频率的对应关系，将步骤1)中所述信号谱图变换成透射光强对应于波分光束的各个波长的透射谱图，3)根据预先测量并保存的背景(无样品)的透射谱图，样品的透射谱图变换成样品的吸收谱图。
第一较佳实施例的样品光谱测定系统的光路布置可以参照图1B实现。
可以将带有会聚透镜的卤素灯、氙灯等的发光件11作为光源10。较佳地，发光件11能够提供的广谱光束110具有从190nm到900nm范围内的多个或连续波长。发光件11的功率较佳地是连续可调的，例如可以在1W到20W内连续调节。在发光件11的射出的光路的下游设有入射狭缝12，设置入射狭缝12能够限定光源尺寸并限制杂散光线的进入，从而获得的广谱光束更好的适配后续的光路。应当理解，在替代实施例中，发光件11可以与入射狭缝12整合在一起，又或者，如果发光件11本身能够确保射入波分模块的学器件的光束的尺寸和发散角，则入射狭缝12也可被省略。
在入射狭缝12的下游设置有作为波分模块20的主要部件的光栅，较佳地为凹面光栅21。凹面光栅21将通过入射狭缝12的广谱光束110在空间上按波长的不同使其分离开，从而形成具有空间分离的多个波长分量的波分光束120。应当理解，在其他替代实施例中，波分模块20也可以包括其他形式的光色散 元件、光栅、棱镜、衍射元件或这些光学元件的组合。来自发光件11的广谱光束110通过这些光学元件后能够按波长的不同在空间上分散开，例如空间上从前到后连续地分散出波长从190nm到900nm的波分光束。为190nm、195nm、……900nm的多个波长分量。
如图1B所示，由凹面光栅21提供的波分光束120接着将同时照射到微型化的集成微机电系统(MEMS)光学元件阵列，例如为MEMS反射镜阵列31、MEMS空间光调制器等。MEMS光学元件阵列具有多个光学元件部段，即阵元，其中每个部段能够以特定的频率调制、特定的角度对每一个波长分量进行调制，MEMS光学元件阵列特别地被设定成每个部段都具有一个与其他部段不同的调制频率。这样，波分光束的多个不同的波长分量的每一个照射到一个特定的光学元件部段上，利用该特定的光学元件部段对该波长分量进行调制，使之具有特定的频率。由于MEMS光学元件阵列每个部段都具有一个与其他部段不同的调制频率，因此，当波分光束经MEMS光学元件阵列调制之后，就能够获得调制波分光束130，该调制波分光束130具有多个已调制波长分量，每一个已调制波长分量具有各自独有的波长、调制频率以及角度。通常所述的一个波长分量是对照射在MEMS中同一个阵元上的波分光束的统称，其实包含了一小段波长区域。譬如300nm到900nm的波分光束均匀地照射到了有200个阵元的MEMS光学元件上，300nm‐900nm的波分光束就被分成了200个波长分量，第一个波长分量覆盖了300nm‐303nm的波长范围，该波长分量的中心值为301nm，线宽3nm。
另一方面，MEMS反射镜阵列31的一侧设有止光器29，该器件的作用是防止光向外散射，每个阵元有两种状态，一种是把光导向光学透镜32，另一种是把光导向止光器29,通过高频切换这两种状态，可实现每个波长分量的光强幅度的调制。
从MEMS光学元件阵列射出的调制波分光束130经过诸如光学透镜32和一个或多个反射镜33之类的用于引导光线的光学元件导向流通池41。光学透镜可以是球面透镜、柱面透镜、环形透镜、自由曲面透镜、衍射元件和透镜阵列中的一种或几种的组合。在图1B所示的光路系统中，光学透镜和反射镜的设置使得调制波分光束130的所有的已调制波长分量同时照射到流通池41内部的样品上。应当理解，在其他替代实施方式中，也可以使调制波分光束130的中的一部分已调制波长分量照射到样品模块40的流通池41内部的样品上。
具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束130穿过流通池41中的样品后射向下游的凹面镜42，凹面镜42的布置使空间上分散的多个已调制波长分量会聚起来，同时照射到检测器51上，从而获得第一待解调信号。此处的凹面镜42也可以换成光学透镜，同时改变检测器51的布局，使空间上分散的多个已调制波长分量会聚并照射到检测器51上。
图3A示出了根据本公开的第二较佳实施例的样品吸收光谱测定系统的原理示意图。与图1A所示的系统相同，第二较佳实施例的系统也包括光源10、波分模块20、调制模块30、样品模块40、检测模块以及解调模块70。
第二较佳实施例的系统相较第一较佳实施例的系统的不同之处于，在调制模块30下游设置了分束器35，该分束器35将从调制模块30获得的调制波分光束分成两部分，其中一部分的光强小于等于50％，另一个部分的光强大于等于50％。较佳地，分束器35将调制波分光束分成两个光强不同的部分，其中光强相对较小的部分不经过样品模块40，而是直接被参考光检测模块503(即，第三检测模块)接收到，从中获得时域信号不包含样品吸收光谱信息而作为参考时域信号。这部分参考时域信号与从样品模块40下游的透射光检测模块50获得的包含吸收光谱信息的第一待解调信号一同被送到解调模块70。该解调模块70通常包括差分放大器和时域‐频域转换器，优选地，解调模块70与调制模块30通过总线相连，与调制模块30的调制频率和相位信息进行同步，进而解调模块70基于参考时域信号、调制模块30的调制频率和相位信息来处理第一待解调信号，从而获得吸收光谱。
由于图3A所示的系统中引入了参考时域信号，因此，可以有利地消除光源本身的噪声和波动，提高吸收光谱的信噪比。
对应于图3A所示的系统，图3B示出了适用于本公开的第二较佳实施例的光路布置。该光路布置同样包括发光件11、入射狭缝12、凹面光栅21、MEMS反射镜阵列31、光学透镜32和反射镜33、流通池41和凹面镜42。特别地，其中流通池41的光路上游增设了一个分束器35，该分束器35使调制波分光束130中光强小于等于50％的一部分不照射流通池41，而是直接照射到另一个检测器52上，而调制波分光束130中的光强大于等于50％的一部分通过流通池41照射到检测器51中。应当理解，从分束器35中折射出的这一部分光束同样包括所有的调制信息，即这一部分未照射到流通池41的光束也具备多个已调制波长分量，已调制波长分量的数量与经过流通池41的已调制波长分量的数 量一致。检测器52中获得信号被作为对检测器51的信号解调的参考信号。
图4示出了根据本公开的第三较佳实施例的样品吸收光谱测定系统的原理示意图。与图3A所示的系统相同，第三较佳实施例的系统也包括光源10、波分模块20、调制模块30、样品模块40、包括第一透射光检测器501和第二透射光检测器502的检测模块以及解调模块70，同时该系统也包括分束器35。
第三较佳实施例的系统相较第二较佳实施例的系统的不同之处于，该系统中的分束器35设置在了样品模块40的下游。该分束器35将穿过样品模块40的包含吸收光谱信息的调制波分光束分成两个部分，其中一部分的光强小于等于50％，另一个部分的光强大于等于50％。较佳地，两部分调制波分光束光强不同。
根据第三较佳实施例，样品吸收光谱测定系统中的检测模块包括第一透射光检测器501和第二透射光检测器502，第一透射光检测器501同时接收穿过流通池41的多个已调制波分长量中的第一部分，而第二透射光检测器502同时接收穿过样品的多个已调制波长分量中的第二部分，由此，获得的第一待解调信号包括分别由两个透射光检测器501、502获得的两部分信号。较佳地，这两部分信号均为时域信号。随后，这两部分信号同时被输送到解调模块70并进行解调。根据第一透射光检测器501和第二透射光检测器502的放大比率可以获得样品的吸收光谱，成对检测器501、502的使用有效增大了信号检测的动态范围。
图5A示出了根据本公开的第四较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的原理示意图。该系统主要包括提供广谱光束110的光源10、波分模块20、调制模块30、样品模块40、检测模块60以及解调模块70。
与本公开的第一较佳实施例的用于吸收光谱测定的系统的不同之处在于，检测模块60同时接收样品模块中的样品由于多个已调制波长分量激发产生荧光，从而获得第二待解调信号。获得的第二待解调信号接着被解调模块70接收进行解调，从而获得样品的荧光光谱。此外，对于荧光光谱测定而言，较佳地可使离开调制模块30的波长分量的数量少于进入调制模块30的波长分量的数量，以避免与荧光波长相同的波长分量照射到样品上。
图5B示出了第四较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的光路布置。
与根据第一较佳实施例用于吸收光谱测定系统的光路布置类似，该光路布置同样包括带有会聚透镜的卤素灯、氙灯之类的发光件11、接收来自发光件 11的广谱光束110的入射狭缝12、按波长段的不同使光束在空间上分离的凹面光栅21、MEMS反射镜阵列31、光学透镜32、反射镜33及流通池41。
流通池41中的样品被来自反射镜33的调制波分光束激发产生荧光。荧光通过另一聚光透镜43、出射狭缝44以及滤波片45后射向另一光栅47。出射狭缝44的设置能够排除样品荧光之外的一些杂散光线。衍射光栅47的上游处设置的滤波片45的设置则能有选择地阻挡部分波长范围的样品激发的荧光和激发光的散射光。
光栅47可以是线性光栅(linear grating)、凹面光栅，也可以是凹面阶梯光栅(Echelle grating)。光栅47布置成使得荧光光束在空间上按照波长段的不同而分散开并转向至光路下游的荧光检测器61，以便在荧光检测器61上进行检测。
图6A示出了根据本公开的第五较佳实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统的原理示意图。
与第四实施例的样品荧光光谱测定系统类似，图6A所示系统主要包括提供广谱光束110的光源10、波分模块20、调制模块30、样品模块40、检测模块以及解调模块70。特别地，第五较佳实施例的检测模块包括成对荧光检测器601和602(即，第三检测器和第四检测器)。样品模块40中的样品被激发产生的荧光的第一荧光部分由成对荧光检测器601和602中的一个检测，第二荧光部分由成对荧光检测器601和602中的另一个进行检测，从而获得包括两部分待解调信号的第二待解调信号。较佳地，第一部分荧光为光强小于可接收的荧光总光强的10％，相应地，第二部分荧光的光强大于等于可接收的荧光总光强的90％。
通常，从两个荧光检测器601和602获得的第二待解调信号为时域信号，获得的每一个时域信号均包含了以具有不同调制频率的已调制波长分量激发的样品的荧光信息，例如如图7A所示。基于从调制模块30获得的调制频率和相位信息，系统中的解调模块70根据两部分荧光的光强比例以及两个荧光检测器601和602的放大比例对两部分待解调信号进行解调，从而获得所需的样品的荧光光谱。由于采用了成对检测器，显著提高信号检测的动态范围。
特别地，检测模块的时域信号通过解调模块70能够即时地转换成2维荧光信号，如图7B所示，其中λ E为激发波长，λ F荧光波长，I F为荧光强度，其中激发波长维度对应于调制频率维度。
图6B、图6C和图6D示出了用于图6A的样品荧光光谱测定系统的三种光路布置。这三种光路布置在检测器上游的光学元件的布置与图5B所示的光路布置基本一致。
如图6B所示，在衍射光栅47的光路下游具有成对的荧光检测器62，它们可以是光电倍增管(PMT)阵列，也可以是多像素光子计数器(MPPC)。检测模块被上下成对布置成两个排阵列，从而形成了两个检测器，其中一排作为第一检测器对大于等于90％的可接收荧光进行检测，而另一排作为第二检测器对小于10％的荧光部分进行检测，从而获得两部分待解调信号。
作为替代实施例，如图6C所示，成对的检测器可以相互独立布置，各自具有独立的入射窗。中一个检测器的入射窗接收到大于等于90％的可接收荧光进行检测，而另一检测器的入射窗接收到小于10％的可接收荧光进行检测，从而获得两部分待解调信号。
作为另一种替代实施例，如图6D所示，成对的检测器64中的每一个均可包括光电倍增管(PMT)阵列或多像素光子计数器(MPPC)。一个检测器的入射窗接收到光强大于90％的荧光部分，进行检测，而另一检测器的入射摄窗对光强小于10％的荧光部分进行检测，从而获得两部分待解调信号。
每个检测器可以具有N(N>1)排检测阵列，并且每一排检测阵列具有多个检测通道。相邻两排的通道阵列之间不对齐，即，相邻的两排的检测通道相互偏置或缩进。较佳地，相邻两排的检测通道以检测通道的长度的1/N的偏置或缩进，使得每一个检测通道检测荧光的每个波长分量的不同部分。这样，由所有排的检测阵列荧光光谱组合起来能够获得分辨率提高了N倍。
例如，如图6D所示，每个检测器具有3排检测阵列，每排检测阵列具有多个检测通道。上下相邻的检测通道相互偏置1/3的通道宽度，中间一排检测阵列相对最下方一排检测阵列向左侧偏置1/3，最上方一排检测阵列相对最下方一排检测阵列向左侧偏置2/3。由此，可能使检测分辨率提高3倍。
在替代实施方式中，相邻排检测阵列的偏置量可以以质数比率设置。具体地，N排检测阵列，第二排相对第一排、第三排相对第二排、第四排相对第三排直到第N排相对于第N－1排的偏置量比为p1:p2:p3：…pN,其中，p1、p2、p3…pN选择为不同质数，例如p1:p2:p3为1:3:5。同时，TP为各相邻偏置量的总合，即，TP＝p1+p2+p3…+pN。
例如，每个检测器可以具有上下设置4排像素通道阵列，其中至上而下的 第二排、第三排和第四排分别以检测通道宽度的3/15、5/15、7/15相对相邻的一排偏置或缩近，即它们是以质数3、5、7的比例缩进，对于检测精度的增加的更为有利。
上述实施例中的调制模块30可进一步包括角度调制模块310和光束选向模块320。具体而言，如图10所示，由光源10发出的广谱光束110经过例如包括光色散元件、光栅、棱镜、衍射元件或其组合的波分模块20，获得具有空间分离的多个波长分量的波分光束120，这些波长分量到达角度调制模块310的MEMS光学元件阵列，阵列具有多个空间段，每一个空间以一个特征频率调制对应的一个波长分量的出射角度，使该波长分量与其他波长分量具有不同的调制频率。接着，经过频率调制的波长分量达到光束选向模块320。如图10所示，光束选向模块320较佳地包括会聚波分光束120的光学元件、放在光束焦点上的光阑和使各波长分量准直的光学元件。光束选向模块320的作用是使入射角度为0的光透过，并阻挡其他角度入射的光。将角度调制模块310和光束选向模块320合用，可以获得光强幅度被调制的波分光束，并且每个波长分量的调制频率不同。
上述的样品吸收光谱和荧光光谱系统可以整合在一起构成用于同时测定样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱的系统。该系统包括光源10、波分模块20、调制模块30、样品模块40、吸收光谱模块组和荧光光谱模块组。其中吸收光谱模块组进一步包括吸收光谱检测模块和吸收光谱解调模块，而荧光光谱模块组进一步包括荧光光谱检测模块和荧光光谱解调模块。
具体而言，波分模块20接收到来自光源10的广谱光束110，将其转换成具有在空间上分离的不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束120。调制模块30构造成同时对波分光束120的不同波长段的波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束130。离开调制模块30的调制波分光束130的各个已调制波长分量各自在空间上分离，并且每一个已调制波长分量都具有特定的调制频率。样品模块40同时接收来自调制模块30的调制波分光束130的多个已调制波长分量。样品模块40一方面允许多个已调制波长分量的至少一部分通过并同时照射到透射光检测模块50获得关于吸收光谱的待解调信号，另一方面允许样品模块40处的样品被多个已调制波长分量激发，产生包括多个波长段的荧光，荧光照射到荧光光谱检测模块以获得关于荧光光谱的待解调信号。两部分信号分别被解调模块70解调，从而获得相应 的吸收光谱和荧光光谱。该系统能够实现同一样品吸收光谱和荧光光谱的同时检测。需说明的是，该双重光谱检测系统中的两个解调模块70可以整合在同一数据处理设备中，该数据处理设备可以与检测系统集成在一起，也可以是借助于通过数据总线远程连接的设备。
图8A示出了根据本公开第六较佳实施例的样品吸收光谱和荧光光谱测定系统的电路示意图。
如图8A所示，由光源产生的具有多个波长段的广谱光束110经波分模块20形成具有多个波长分量的波分光束120一起进入到光调制器301，例如MEMS反射镜阵列、MEMS空间光调制器等。光调制器301由调制驱动器302驱动，调制驱动器302包括微控制器(ARM处理器或FPGA)、ROM、RAM、时钟和电源。调制驱动器302为光调制器301提供设定的调制方式和控制信号。例如调制驱动器302可选定190nm至900nm的波长作为目标波长，控制光调制器301对这一范围内的波长进行调节。调制驱动器302还将针对不同波长段的波长分量，选择从2到999983范围内的不同质数“PN”，选定波长的调制频率等于PN*F base，其中F base为1Hz或10Hz或100Hz或1000Hz。如果F base等于10Hz或100Hz，由于存在谐波的影响，系统需要设定比1H更高的信噪比和ADC采样率。优选地，F base为1Hz，这样所有调制频率均为质数。调制占空比设置范围可以从10％/90％(ON/OFF)到90/10％(ON/OFF)可调，而调制深度从25％到100％可调。图9A示出了采用质数调制频率的光谱，其中Ab表示吸收率，W表示波长,其中弱信号能够被检测到，而图9B示出了采用非质数调制频率光谱，其中弱信号被噪声湮没无法被检测到其中Ab表示吸收率，W表示波长。比较两组信噪比的图可知，采用质数调制频率具有更好的信噪比。
光调制器301向样品模块40提供多个已调制波长分量的一部分或全部。多个已调制波长分量通过样品模块40并同时照射到透射光检测模块50获得时域信号，该时域信号包含具有不同调制频率的样品透射光信息。时域信号输出到模数转换器701，其通常包括滤波器、放大器和模数转换电路。模数转换器701对模拟电子信号进行采样并将其转换为数字信号。较佳地，采样率至少为100KHz，且至少比最大调制频率高5倍，并且采样精度至少为12bit。由此获得带有样品透射光的数字时域信号。
另一方面，荧光检测模块60接收到被多个已调制波长分量激发的样品模块40中的样品产生的荧光。荧光检测模块60可包括光栅、多通道PMT阵列、 或多通道多像素光子检测器等，检测模块60也产生时域信号，此处的时域信号包含由具有不同调制频率的波长分量激发的样品的荧光信息。含荧光信息的时域信号提供到另一模数转换器702，其同样包括滤波器、放大器和模数转换电路，此获得具样品荧光信息的多个检测通道的数字时域信号。
带有样品透射光信息的数字信号和带有样品荧光信息的数字信号送入到信号处理单元703，并获得样品吸收光谱和荧光光谱。优选的信号处理单元703和调制驱动器302之间有总线相连，以同步调制、解调频率和相位信息进行锁相放大(Lock‐in Amplify)，进而获得光谱。可选的，调制模块与信号处理单元703不通过总线相连，这时需要信号处理单元703对时域信号进行傅里叶变换来获得光谱。波分光束的各个波长与调制频率的对应关系在设计、装调波分模块20和调制模块时就已经确定，所述对应关系的信息也会作为信号处理单元703的输入信息。
将透射光的数字时域信号变换成吸收光谱通常分为如下几步，1)通过数字锁相放大或数字傅里叶变换将数字时域信号变换成透射光强对应于调制频率的信号谱图，2)通过波分光束的各个波长与调制频率的对应关系，将1)中所述信号谱图变换成透射光强对应于波分光束的各个波长的透射谱图，3)根据预先测量并保存的背景(无样品)的透射谱图，样品的透射谱图变换成样品的吸收谱图。
将荧光的数字时域信号变换成荧光光谱通常分为如下几步，1)通过数字锁相放大或数字傅里叶变换将数字时域信号变换成荧光光强对应于调制频率的信号谱图，2)通过波分光束的各个波长与调制频率的对应关系，将1)中所述信号谱图变换成荧光光强对应于波分光束的各个波长的荧光激发谱图，即荧光强度与激发波长的对应关系谱图，3)根据每个检测通道所对应的荧光波长，将荧光激发谱图拓展成荧光二维谱图。
图8B示出了根据本公开的第六较佳实施例的同时测量吸收光谱和荧光光谱的系统光路示意图。这一光路布置将图1B所示的光路布置中的各器件和图5B所示的光路布置中的各器件整合在一起。
具体而言，适用于同时测量吸收光谱和荧光光谱的光路布置包括发光件11、入射狭缝12、凹面光栅21、MEMS反射镜阵列31、光学透镜32和反射镜33、流通池41和凹面镜42，并且同时还包括另一聚光透镜43、出射狭缝44以及滤波片45以及另一光栅47。当调制波分光束照射到流通池41中时，一方 面，调制波分光束穿过流通池41中的样品后射向下游的凹面镜42，凹面镜42的布置使空间上分散的多个已调制波长分量会聚起来，同时照射到检测器51上，从而获得包含吸收光谱信息的第一待解调信号。另一方面，流通池41中的样品被来自反射镜33的调制波分光束激发产生荧光，荧光通过另一聚光透镜43、出射狭缝44以及滤波片45后射向另一光栅47。光栅47布置成使得荧光光束在空间上按照波长段的不同而分散开并转向至光路下游的荧光检测器61，而获得包含荧光光谱信息的第二待解调信号。采用该光路布置，吸收光谱和荧光光谱能够同时进行检测。
图11(a)‐图11(f)示出了图3A和图4A所示系统的示例性的吸收光谱动态范围的模拟实例。
在该实例中，提供三个波长分量，它们的波长分别为395±5nm、405±5nm、415±5nm。将这些波长分量设定为具有相同的光功率和幅度。接着，分别以12197Hz、14713Hz、15727Hz对三个波长分量进行调制。样品针对395±5nm、405±5nm、415±5nm波长分量的吸光度分别设置为5.301030Abs、1.000000Abs、0.000002Abs，Abs为吸光度单位，吸光度计算公式为A(Abs)＝lg(I0/I)，其中I0为入射光强(光源光强)，I为透射光强。对于三个波长分量原始光强，检测器的响应分别设置为1.0V、1.0V和1.0V。假设三个波长分量的光强噪声均方根值在响应频率为100Hz、10Hz、1Hz、0.1Hz和白噪声时分别为1mv、5mv、10mv、50mv和10mv。假设电子白噪声均方根值为1mV。
图11(a)是从接收小部分调制波分光束的参考光检测模块503获得的时域信号，其中横轴表示时间(t)，竖轴表示信号幅度(S)。该信号的幅度以因子fr被放大，其中fr＝1/r，其中r是光源被分束到参考光检测模块503的一部分调制波分光束所占比率。右上角的放大图是未经调制的检测器的光源噪声响应。图11(b)是从接收到通过样品的大部分调制波分光束的透射光检测模块50获得的时域信号，其中横轴表示时间(t)，纵轴表示信号幅度(S)。该信号的幅度以因子fp＝1/p放大，其中p是通过样品的一部分调制波分光束的所占比率。图11(c)分别是两个检测器的差分放大信号，其中横轴表示时间(t)，纵轴表示信号幅度(S)。第一检测器和第二检测器的放大系数分别为fp和fr。采样率设置为10MHz。
有两种方法可以得到fp和fr因子。第一种方法是直接从分束器的规格中得到p和r，由此计算获得fp和fr。第二种方法是调整fp和fr使得来自两个检测器的波分分量(例如用14713Hz调制的405±5nm波长分量)的 傅立叶变换幅度成相等的值，例如，1.0V，以适用于电子放大器和模数转换器(ADC)。在调整fp和fr之前应移除样本。
经过傅立叶变换将获得如图11(d)、(e)、(f)所示的调制频域中的傅立叶变换幅谱，分别由时域信号(a)、(b)、(c)变换而来，其中横轴表示频率(f)，纵轴表示相应频率信号的幅度(A)。傅里叶变换的积分时间为1s。图11(d)中12197Hz、14713Hz和15727Hz(对应波分，395±5nm、405±5nm、415±5nm)的幅度分别为1.000000V、1.000000V和000000V。图11(e)中分别为0.000014V(在图11(e)的左上角局部放大图中可见)、0.100003V和0.999995V。图11(f)中的值为0.999995V、0.900001V和0.000005V(在图11(f)的右上角局部放大图中可见)。
按照图11(e)中的数据，可以计算获得395±5nm、405±5nm和415±5nm三个波长分量的吸光度，它们分别为：lg(1.0/0.000014)＝4.853872Abs,lg(1.0/0.100003V)＝0.999987A,lg(1.0/0.999995)＝0.000002A.
原始光源白噪声为10mv。考虑到10MHz的采样率，1s的积分时间，光源白噪声被抑制到10mV/sqrt(10e6)＝3uV RMS噪声，或者6*3uV＝18uV峰峰值噪声。傅里叶变换后光源的100Hz到0.1Hz波动得到很好的抑制。这种单检测器方法的检测受到光源白噪声的限制。这种单检测器方法提供10 5的线性动态范围(最大信号为1V，光源白噪声为10mV，电子白噪声为1mV，采样率为10MHz，积分时间为1s)。
按照图11(f)中的数据，可以计算获得三个波长分量(395±5nm,405±5nm和415±5nm)的吸光度，它们分别为：lg(1.0/(1.0‐0.999995))＝5.301030Abs,lg(1.0/(1.0‐0.900001))＝1.000004Abs,lg(1.0/(1.0‐0.000005))＝0.000002Abs.
由此这些噪声被差分放大而抑制，因此光源本身的波动和白噪声被很好地抑制了。结合了差分放大器成对检测器的检出限仅受电子噪声的限制，见放大图，即1mV/sqrt(10e6)＝0.3uV RMS噪声，或6*0.3uV＝1.8uV峰峰值噪声。这种成对检测器方法提供10 6的线性动态范围(最大信号为1V，光源白噪声为10mV，电子白噪声为1mV，采样率为10MHz，积分时间为1s)。
图12(a)‐图12(d)示出了图5A和图6A所示系统的示例性的荧光光谱动态范围的模拟实例。
在该实例中，提供一种光源以产生的三个波长分量照射样品激发荧光，它们的波长分别为395±5nm、405±5nm和415±5nm。将这些波长分量设定为具 有相同的光功率和幅度。接着，分别以12197Hz、14713Hz、15727Hz的质数频率对三个波长分量进行调制。样品被三个波长分量分别激发产生荧光，其中525±5nm的荧光强度分别为0.1x 10ct/us(每微秒10个计数)、500x 10ct/us和5000x 10ct/us；565±5nm波长的样品荧光强度分别为500x 10 3x 10ct/us、100x10ct/us和5x10 6x 10ct/us，此时采样率为10Mhz，荧光强度单位为每100纳秒计数，即每微秒10计数。
使用多通道多像素光子计数器(MPPC)作为成对的检测器。假设第一个检测器接收0.001份荧光，第二个检测器接收0.999份荧光。每个检测器具有三排多个光计数器阵列，如图13所示，每排检测阵列有多个通道，每个通道最大光子计数率为4000x 10ct/us。从光栅分散到每个MPPC检测器的荧光的多个波长分量被3行中相应通道接收。因此，每个MPPC检测器最多可接收的每个波长分量的光子计数率为3x 4000x 10ct/us＝12000x 10ct/us。因此，第二个检测器的探测范围从Noise2到12x 10 3x 10ct/us，第一个检测器的探测范围从Noise1到1000x 12000x 10ct/us＝12x 10 6x 10ct/us，因为光子计数第一个检测器的衰减率应乘以衰减比10 3，以获得第一个检测器上的实际光子计数。
假设第二个检测器每个通道的峰峰值噪声(包括杂散光)为100x 10ct/us。则第一个检测器的每个通道的峰峰值噪声为100x 10 3x 10ct/us。
图12(a)显示了第一个检测器的第一列通道对于565±5nm波长分量的荧光时域信号，图12(b)显示了第二个检测器的第二列通道对于525±5nm波长分量的荧光时域信号，其中横轴表示时间(t)，纵轴表示光子计数(PC)。在本实例中，565±5nm波长分量的荧光较强(10 6x 10ct/us)，第二个检测器的第二列通道已经饱和，但可以被第一个检测器的第二列通道检测到。525±5nm波长分量的荧光较弱(0.1–500x 10ct/us)，无法被第一个检测器的第一列通道检测到，但可以被第二检测器的第二列通道检测到。
图12(c)分别显示了由395±5nm、405±5nm和415±5nm已调制波长分量激发的565±5nm的荧光光谱，其中横轴表示频率(f)，纵轴表示光子计数(PC)。积分时间为1s。荧光计数分别为500x 10 3x 10ct/us、10 5x 10ct/us(图12(c)的左上角局部放大图中清楚示出)和5x 10 6x 10ct/us。左上角放大图显示Noise1＝40x 10ct/us。因此，第一检测器的线性动态范围为12x 10 6x 10ct/us/(3x 40x 10ct/us)＝10 5，采样率为10MHz，积分时间为1s。
图12(d)分别显示了在被395±5nm、405±5nm和415±5nm已调制波长分量激发的525±5nm荧光光谱，其中横轴表示频率(f)，纵轴表示光子计数(PC)，其中积分时间为1s，荧光计数分别为0.1x 10ct/us(图12(c)的左上角局部放大图中清楚示出)、500x 10ct/us和5000x 10ct/us。左上角放大图显示Noise2＝0.004x 10ct/us。因此，第一检测器的线性动态范围为12x 10 3x 10ct/us/(3x0.04x 10ct/us)＝10 5，采样率为10MHz，积分时间为1s。
以单个检测器，运态范围为10 5，采样率为10MHz，积分时间为1s。如果结合两个检测器，整体的线性动态范围为12x 10 6x 10ct/us/(3x 0.04x 10ct/us)＝10 8，采样率为10MHz，积分时间为1s。由此可见，成对检测器的使用显著增加了信号检测的动态范围。
采用根据本公开的技术样品光谱检测系统和方法，吸收光谱和荧光光谱的检测可以同步进行。对于荧光光谱的检测，在使用流动样品的情况下就能即时获得二维的荧光光谱，使得光谱的检测速度更快。根据本公开的系统没有机械运动部件，系统整体更为紧固和可靠，并且系统布置更为紧凑，从而实现系统设备的小型化。
本文描述的技术可以用硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合来实现，除非具体描述为以特定方式实现。描述为模块或部件的任何特征也可以一起实现在集成逻辑设备中，或单独实现为离散但可互操作的逻辑设备。如果用软件实现，可以至少部分地通过包括指令的非瞬态计算机可读存储介质来实现该技术，当指令被执行时，执行上述方法中的一个或多个。非暂态处理器可读数据存储介质可以形成可包括封装材料的计算机程序产品的一部分。程序代码可以用高级过程编程语言或面向对象的编程语言来实现，以便与处理系统通信。如果需要，也可用汇编语言或机器语言来实现程序代码。事实上，本文中所描述的机制不限于任何特定的编程语言的范围。在任何情况下，该语言可以是编译语言或解释语言。
至少一些实施例的一个或多个方面可由存储在机器可读介质上的表示处理器中的各种逻辑的表示性指令来实现，该表示性指令在由机器读取时使得该机器制造用于执行本文中所描述的技术的逻辑。此类机器可读存储介质可以包括但不限于通过机器或设备制造或形成的物品的非暂态的有形安排，其包括存储介质，诸如：硬盘；任何其他类型的盘，包括软盘、光盘、紧致盘只读存储器(CD‐ROM)、紧致盘可重写(CD‐RW)以及磁光盘；半导体器件，诸如只读存 储器(ROM)、诸如动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)和静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)之类的随机存取存储器(RAM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、闪存、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)；相变存储器(PCM)；磁卡或光卡；或适于存储电子指令的任何其他类型的介质。
本公开虽然以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本公开，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本公开的精神和范围内，都可以做出可能的变动和修改。因此，凡是未脱离本公开技术方案的内容，依据本公开的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化及修饰，均落入本公开权利要求所界定的保护范围之内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种对样品进行光谱测定的方法，包括以下步骤：
    a.将广谱光束中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离，从而获得包括具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束；
    b.同时对所述波分光束中的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束；以及
    c.使所述多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射所述样品；
    所述方法还包括以下第一组步骤和第二组步骤中的至少一组：
    其中所述第一组步骤包括：
    d1.同时接收穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量，以获得第一待解调信号；和
    e1.对所述第一待解调信号进行解调，以获得所述样品的吸收光谱；
    所述第二组步骤包括：
    d2.同时接收所述样品由多个所述已调制波长分量激发的荧光，以获得第二待解调信号；和
    e2.对所述第二待解调信号进行解调，以获得所述样品的荧光光谱。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，步骤b还包括：
    -以不同的质数频率对所述不同波长段的所述多个波长分量进行调制。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b还包括:
    ‐多个所述调制频率被选择为任何两个频率间的差值都不相同。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括所述第二组步骤，其中步骤e2还包括：
    -将所述第二待解调信号转换为二维荧光光谱。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，所述方 法包括所述第一组步骤，
    其中步骤d1还包括：
    ‐分别同时接收穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量中的第一部分和穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量中的第二部分，获得包括分别对应于所述第一部分和所述第二部分的两部分时域信号的所述第一待解调信号；
    步骤e1还包括：
    ‐将所述两部分时域信号分别进行解调，并根据所述第一部分和所述第二部分的光强比例以及根据所述第一部分和所述第二部分的接收放大比率获得所述样品的吸收光谱。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，所述第一部分的光强与所述第二部分的光强不同。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括第一组步骤，
    其中在步骤b之后步骤c之前还包括：
    -同时接收所述多个已调制波长分量中的未照射到所述样品的部分，并获得该部分的时域信号作为参考时域信号；
    在步骤e1中，所述第一待解调信号为时域信号；
    其中所述步骤e1还包括：
    ‐所述参考时域信号和所述第一待解调信号进行解调获得所述样品的吸收光谱。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，所述未照射到所述样品的部分的光强小于所述调制波分光束的光强的50％。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的对样品进行光谱测定的方法，其特征在于，
    所述方法包括所述第二组步骤，
    其中步骤d2还包括：
    -分别同时接收所述荧光的第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分，获得包括分别对应于所述第一荧光部分和所述第二荧光部分的两部分待解调信号的 第二待解调信号，所述第一荧光部分的光强小于所述荧光的总光强的10％，
    步骤e2还包括：
    对所述第二待解调信号进行解调，并根据所述第一荧光部分和所述第二荧光部分的光强比例以及所述第一荧光部分和所述第二荧光部分的接收放大比率获得所述样品的荧光光谱。
  10. 一种对样品进行光谱测定的系统，包括：
    光源，所述光源构造成发射广谱光束；
    波分模块，所述波分模块将来自所述光源的所述广谱光束中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离，从而获得具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光束；
    调制模块，所述调制模块同时对所述波分光束的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束；以及
    样品模块，所述样品模块构造成允许所述多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射所述样品；
    所述系统还包括以下吸收光谱模块组和荧光光谱模块组中的至少一个模块组；
    所述吸收光谱模块组包括：
    第一检测模块，所述第一检测模块同时接收穿过所述样品的多个已调制波长分量，并获得第一待解调信号；和
    第一解调模块，所述第一解调模块对所述第一待解调信号进行解调，以获得所述样品的吸收光谱；
    所述荧光光谱模块组包括：
    第二检测模块，所述第二检测模块同时接收所述样品由多个所述已调制波长分量激发的荧光，获得第二待解调信号；和
    第二解调模块，所述第二解调模块对所述第二待解调信号进行解调，以获得所述样品的荧光光谱。
  11. 如权利要求10所述系统，其特征在于，
    所述调制模块包括具有多个空间段的MEMS光学元件阵列，其中每个一所述空间段被设置成以不同的调制频率对所述波分光束中的一个波长分量进行调制，其中所述不同的调制频率为不同的质数频率。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，
    多个所述不同的调制频率被选择为任何两个频率间的差值都不相同。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括所述荧光光谱模块组，
    其中所述第二解调模块构造成将所述第二待解调信号转换为二维荧光光谱。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括所述吸收光谱模块组；
    其中所述第一检测模块包括第一检测器和第二检测器，利用所述第一检测器接收穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量中的第一部分，利用所述第二检测器接收穿过所述样品的多个所述已调制波长分量中的第二部分，由此获得的所述第一待解调信号包括分别由第一检测器和第二检测器获得的两部分时域信号；
    所述第一解调模块将所述两部分时域信号分别进行解调，并根据第一检测器和第二检测器的放大比率获得所述样品的吸收光谱。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述吸收光谱模块组还包括分束器，所述分束器将穿过所述样品的所述调制波分光束成第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分的光强与所述第二部分的光强不同。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述系统还包括第三检测模块，利用所述第三检测模块接收所述多个已调制波长分量中的未照射到所述样品的部分，并获得该部分的时域信号作为参考时域信号，
    所述系统包括所述吸收光谱模块组，其中所述第一待解调信号为时域信 号；
    所述第一解调模块包括差分放大器和转换器，所述差分放大器和所述转换器对来自所述参考时域信号和所述时域信号进行差分放大并解调获得所述样品的吸收光谱。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括所述荧光光谱模块组；
    所述第二检测模块包括第三检测器和第四检测器，所述荧光的第一荧光部分由所述第三检测器检测，所述荧光的第二荧光部分由所述第四检测器检测，由此获得的第二待解调信号包括分别由第一荧光部分和第二荧光部分获得的两部分待解调信号，其中所第一述荧光部分的光强小于所述荧光的总光强的10％，
    所述第二解调模块构造成对所述第二待解调信号进行解调，并根据所述第一荧光部分和所述第二荧光部分的光强比例以及所述第三检测器和所述第四检测器的放大比率获得所述样品的荧光光谱。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括所述荧光光谱模块组，
    其中所述荧光检测模块包括光电倍增管(PMT)阵列和多像素光子计数器(MPPC)中至少一种的光电检测器构成的成对检测器，
    每一个所述检测器具有多排多通道阵列，相邻两排的通道阵列之间不对齐。
  19. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述波分模块包括光色散元件、光衍射元件、光栅和棱镜中的至少一种；
    所述样品模块包括布置成样品能够从中流过的流通池。
  20. 一种流式细胞仪，包括：
    光源，所述光源构造成发射广谱光束；
    波分模块，所述波分模块将来自所述光源的所述广谱光束中不同波长段的波长分量在空间上分离，从而获得具有不同波长段的多个波长分量的波分光 束；
    调制模块，所述调制模块同时对所述波分光束的不同波长段的多个波长分量以不同的调制频率进行调制，形成具有多个已调制波长分量的调制波分光束；
    流通池，所述流通池构造成允许所述多个已调制波长分量中的至少一部分同时照射移动通过所述流通池的细胞流上；以及
    荧光光谱模块组，所述荧光光谱模块组包括：
    检测模块，所述检测模块同时接收所述细胞流由多个所述已调制波长分量激发的荧光，获得待解调信号；和
    解调模块，所述解调模块对所述待解调信号进行解调，以获得所述细胞流的荧光光谱。
  21. 如权利要求20所述流式细胞仪，其特征在于，
    所述调制模块包括具有多个空间段的MEMS光学元件阵列，其中每个一所述空间段被设置成以不同的调制频率对所述波分光束中的一个波长分量进行调制，其中所述不同的调制频率为不同的质数频率。
  22. 如权利要求20所述的流式细胞仪，其特征在于，
    多个所述不同的调制频率被选择为任何两个频率间的差值都不相同。
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