WO2023103920A1

WO2023103920A1 - Method for repairing solid plate extrusion die

Info

Publication number: WO2023103920A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/136409
Authority: WO
Inventors: 邹尚锋; 严兰芳; 李永超; 陈俭; 陈力
Original assignee: 广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司; 佛山坚美铝业有限公司
Priority date: 2021-12-10
Filing date: 2022-12-03
Publication date: 2023-06-15
Also published as: CN114310142B; CN114310142A

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die. The method comprises: (1) carrying out extrusion by using an original extrusion die to obtain a sample plate; (2) measuring the distribution condition of coarse grain rings of the sample plate; and (3) repairing the extrusion die according to the distribution condition of coarse grain rings; when the coarse grain rings are annularly distributed and the maximum thickness of the coarse grain rings tmax is greater than or equal to 0.25 T, adjusting the components and the heat treatment process of the aluminum alloy; when the coarse grain rings are annularly distributed and the maximum thickness of the coarse grain rings tmax is less than 0.25 T, forming a welding block on a face mold of the extrusion die; and when the coarse grain rings are locally distributed, shortening the length of the working belt of the extrusion die. By implementing the present invention, the uniformity of the internal structure of the product can be effectively improved, and the distribution of coarse grain rings is reduced.

Description

A Repairing Method of Solid Plate Extrusion Die

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy forming equipment, in particular to a method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die.

Background technique

Coarse grain ring is a common defect in extruded aluminum alloys. It generally refers to the coarse grains near the extrusion surface, forming a ring or crescent shape; of course, there are also some coarse grain ring structures that only appear in parts of the extrusion section. Areas, such as sharp corners of profiles, etc. The coarse-grained ring structure will cause the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy products to decrease, the surface will be rough and other defects, and some will appear mottled after anodizing, which will affect the appearance. Therefore, controlling and eliminating coarse crystal rings has extremely high practical significance. The existing methods for eliminating coarse-grained rings are generally adjusted by adjusting the formula of aluminum profiles, heat treatment process and other means. For example, in the literature "The Effect of Chemical Composition and Homogenization Treatment on the Coarse Crystalline Ring of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Bar" (Chen Dingwen, Li Feiqing, etc.), the depth of the coarse crystal ring can be controlled by adjusting the content of Cu and Cr as well as the temperature and time of homogenization. at 0.1mm. However, the inventor found in the course of the research that adopting traditional adjustment methods (increasing the content of functional elements, reducing the heat treatment temperature, shortening the heat treatment time, reducing the extrusion speed, etc.) often affects some properties of the alloy, such as quenching sensitivity, extrudability Compressibility, etc., so it will cause the extrusion speed to decrease and the production efficiency to decrease. In particular, those skilled in the art generally believe that with the same performance, the fewer functional alloying elements in the aluminum alloy, the better, because the lower the degree of alloying, the lower the quenching sensitivity, and the lower the difficulty of process operation. The higher the extrusion speed, the higher the production efficiency.

On the other hand, the traditional aluminum alloy extrusion die repair refers to the repair of the old die of extrusion wear. The main repair method is to adjust the length of the working belt of the die hole, the surface state of the die, the lubrication conditions, etc. The specific method Such as expanding or reducing the size of the die hole, grinding and polishing, nitriding, etc., the main purpose is to improve the uniformity of the extrusion flow rate, so that the metal can flow out of the die hole in a balanced manner. The influence of the mold repairing methods in the prior art on the coarse-grained ring structure has not been studied yet.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die, which can reduce the thickness of the coarse crystal ring and improve the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of the extruded profile.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die, which includes:

(1) Extruding with the original extrusion die to obtain a sample;

(2) Detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the template;

(3) Repairing the original extrusion die according to the distribution of the coarse crystal ring;

When the coarse-grained rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the maximum thickness t _max of the coarse-grained rings is ≥0.25T, adjust the composition and heat treatment process of the aluminum alloy;

When the coarse-grain rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the maximum thickness t _max of the coarse-grain rings is <0.25T, a solder bump is formed on the surface mold of the extrusion die; the height of the solder bump conforms to the following relationship:

Among them, h is the height of the solder bump, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse-grained ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L is the distance from the solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, k ₁ is the first shape factor, which takes The value range is 0.03～0.2;

When the coarse crystal rings are locally distributed, shorten the length of the working belt of the extrusion die.

As an improvement of the above-mentioned technical scheme, when the coarse-grained rings are locally distributed, the length of the working belt of the extrusion die is shortened, and the shortening amount conforms to the following relationship:

ΔW=k ₂ t _max

Wherein, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, k ₂ is the second shape coefficient, and its value ranges from 1 to 5.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, when the coarse-grained rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the t _max of the coarse-grained rings is <0.25T, the first solder bump is formed in the length direction of the surface mold of the extrusion die, and the forming a second solder bump in the width direction of the surface mold;

Wherein, the height of the first solder bump complies with the following relationship:

Among them, h ₁ is the height of the first solder bump, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L ₁ is the distance from the first solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, and k ₃ is the first Three shape coefficients, the value range of which is 0.08～0.2;

Wherein, the height of the second solder bump complies with the following relationship:

Among them, h ₂ is the height of the second solder bump, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L ₂ is the distance from the second solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, and k ₄ is the first Four shape coefficients, the value range of which is 0.03～0.08.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the distance L ₁ from the first solder block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.3-1 mm, its length is 2-3 mm smaller than the die hole length, and its width is 4-10 mm.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the distance L ₂ from the second solder block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.3-1 mm, its length is 0.5-2 mm smaller than the width of the die hole, and its width is 3-5 mm.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the material of the solid plate is 6082 aluminum alloy, 6061 aluminum alloy or 6063 aluminum alloy.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the material of the welding block is mold steel.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the material of the solder block is one of 5CrNiW, 5CrMnMo, and 3Cr2W8V.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, after forming the solder bump, a smooth transition is formed on the side of the solder bump close to the die hole, and the grinding and polishing treatment is performed.

As an improvement of the above-mentioned technical scheme, in step (2), the method of GB/T 3246 is used to detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the sample.

Implement the present invention, have following beneficial effect:

1. The present invention determines a specific treatment plan by observing the distribution of the coarse-grained rings of the test-extruded sample. This method is simple to operate and provides a new method for the production of aluminum profile products with high requirements for internal organization. way. By adopting the method of the invention, comprehensive properties such as mechanical properties and fatigue resistance performance of the aluminum profile can be effectively improved without affecting the extrusion performance of the aluminum profile.

2. The present invention forms welding nuggets on the surface mold, and the welding nuggets block the flow of aluminum in the welding chamber, so that the extruded aluminum ingot mainly forms the friction between the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy, replacing the original aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy. The friction of the mold steel effectively reduces the thickness of the coarse-grained ring. On the other hand, by shortening the working belt, the friction force is reduced and the thickness of the coarse crystal ring is reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the physical figure of model among the embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the physical figure of adjusted template in embodiment 1;

Fig. 3 is the physical figure of model among the embodiment 2;

Fig. 4 is the physical figure of template after mold repair in embodiment 2;

Fig. 5 is the physical figure of model among the embodiment 3;

Fig. 6 is the physical picture of the template after mold repair in embodiment 3.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is only stated here that the words for directions such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside that appear or will appear in the text of the present invention are only based on the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and are not specific to the present invention. limited.

The invention discloses a method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die, which is characterized in that it comprises:

(1) Extruding with the original extrusion die to obtain a sample;

Specifically, the aluminum alloy used for extrusion is 6082 aluminum alloy, 6061 aluminum alloy or 6063 aluminum alloy, but not limited thereto. Preferred is 6061 alloy or 6082 alloy.

Specifically, the extrusion die includes a face die, a die pad and connecting pieces for the two, and a die hole is set on the face die, and a working belt is formed in the die hole. The material of the extrusion die is common die steel, such as one or more of 5CrNiW, 5CrMnMo, 3Cr2W8V, but not limited thereto.

(2) Detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the template;

Specifically, the method of GB/T 3246 is used to detect the distribution of coarse crystal rings on the sample.

(3) Repair the original extrusion die according to the distribution of the coarse crystal ring;

Specifically, the repair methods can be divided into the following situations:

A. When the coarse-grained rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the maximum thickness t _max of the coarse-grained rings is ≥0.25T, adjust the composition and heat treatment process of the aluminum alloy.

Specifically, adjusting the composition of aluminum alloys generally refers to increasing trace elements that can inhibit grain growth, such as Mn, Cr, Ti, V, Zr, etc. For example, in 6061 alloy, increasing the content of Cr generally makes it > 0.2wt%; in the 6082 alloy, increasing the content of Mn, generally making it >0.5wt%, can effectively reduce the thickness of the coarse crystal ring. However, it should be noted that after adjusting the above components, the quenching sensitivity will also be enhanced and the extrusion performance will be reduced.

Adjusting the heat treatment process is mainly to adjust the homogeneous process, such as reducing the temperature of the homogenizing process, shortening the homogenizing process time; even adopting inhomogeneous technical means.

In addition, the aluminum alloy composition and heat treatment process can also be adjusted at the same time to reduce the thickness of the coarse-grained ring.

B. When the coarse-grained rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the maximum thickness t _max of the coarse-grained rings is <0.25T, a solder bump is formed on the surface mold of the extrusion die; the height of the solder bump conforms to the following relationship:

Among them, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, D is the diameter of the solid plate, L is the distance from the solder block to the working zone of the extrusion die, k ₁ is the shape factor, and its value ranges from 0.03 to 0.2; exemplary is 0.04, 0.06, 0.1, 0.12 or 0.18, but not limited thereto.

Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the coarse-grained rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the t _max of the coarse-grained rings is <0.25T, in the length direction of the surface mold of the extrusion die (that is, in the width direction of the solid plate), Forming the first welding nugget, forming the second welding nugget on the width direction (ie the thickness direction of the solid plate) of the surface mold of the extrusion die;

Among them, h ₁ is the height of the first solder bump, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L ₁ is the distance from the first solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, and k ₃ is the first Three shape coefficients, the value range of which is 0.08-0.2; exemplary is 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18 or 0.19.

Specifically, the distance L ₁ from the first solder block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.3-1 mm, exemplarily 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm or 0.8 mm, but not limited thereto. The length of the first solder block is 2-3 mm smaller than the width of the die hole (ie, the width of the solid plate), for example 2.2 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.6 mm or 2.8 mm; the width of the first solder block is 4-10 mm, Exemplary are 5mm, 7mm, 9mm or 9.5mm.

Among them, h ₂ is the height of the second solder bump, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L ₂ is the distance from the second solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, and k ₄ is the first Four shape coefficients, the value range of which is 0.03-0.08, exemplarily 0.04, 0.06 or 0.07.

Specifically, the distance L ₂ from the second solder block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.3-1 mm, exemplarily 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm or 0.8 mm, but not limited thereto. The length of the second solder block is 0.5-2 mm smaller than the width of the die hole (ie, the width of the solid plate), exemplarily 0.8 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm or 1.6 mm; the width of the second solder block is 3-5 mm, Exemplary are 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm or 4.5mm.

Specifically, two first solder bumps are formed on both sides of the die hole in the length direction, and two second solder bumps are formed on both sides of the die hole in the width direction. The first solder block and the second solder block are enclosed to form a rectangular shape with four corners not closed.

The material of the welding block is the same as that of the extrusion die, which is die steel, exemplarily one of 5CrNiW, 5CrMnMo, and 3Cr2W8V, but not limited thereto.

Further, a smooth transition is formed on the side of the solder block close to the die hole, and the side of the solder block close to the die hole is polished and chamfered. Through the above treatment, slope-shaped openings are formed to further reduce the thickness of the coarse crystal ring.

C. When the coarse crystal rings are locally distributed, shorten the length of the working belt of the extrusion die, shorten the length of the working belt of the extrusion die, and the shortening amount conforms to the following relationship:

ΔW=k ₂ t _max

Wherein, t _max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, k ₂ is the second shape coefficient, and its value ranges from 1 to 5, exemplarily 1, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 or 4.5, but not limited thereto. Preferably, k ₂ is 2-4.

The present invention is further described below with specific embodiment:

Example 1

This embodiment provides a method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die, which specifically includes:

(1) Extruding with the original extrusion die to obtain a sample;

Specifically, the sample material is 6061 aluminum alloy, and its chemical composition is:

Si 0.77wt%, Mg 1.1wt%, Cu 0.15wt%, Mn 0.12wt%, Fe 0.22%, Cr 0.12wt%, Zn 0.11wt%, Ti 0.03wt%, unavoidable impurities less than 0.05%, the balance is Al .

The thickness of the resulting solid plate is 15mm;

(2) Detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the template;

After testing, there are coarse-grained rings with a thickness of 4-6mm distributed in a continuous ring on the bar (as shown in Figure 1);

After calculation: the ratio of the maximum thickness t _max of the coarse crystal ring to the thickness W of the plate is 6/15=0.4>0.25;

Therefore, the chemical composition is adjusted. Specifically, the adjusted chemical composition is as follows:

Si 0.77wt%, Mg 1.1wt%, Cu 0.15wt%, Mn 0.14wt%, Fe 0.22%, Cr 0.32wt%, Zn 0.11wt%, Ti 0.03wt%, unavoidable impurities less than 0.05%, the balance is Al .

And adjust the homogenization process from 550℃×6h to 520℃×6h;

After the above adjustments, continue to adjust the extrusion process, and then extrude after the extrusion process is qualified. After testing, the thickness of the coarse crystal ring is 0.5-1.2mm (Figure 2), but the extrusion speed is reduced from the original 10m/min to 6m/min.

Example 2

(1) Extruding with the original extrusion die to obtain a sample;

Specifically, the sample material is 6082 aluminum alloy, and its chemical composition is:

Si 1.22wt%, Mg1.0wt%, Cu 0.09wt%, Mn 0.5wt%, Fe 0.22%, Cr 0.12wt%, Zn 0.02wt%, Ti 0.03wt%, unavoidable impurities less than 0.05%, the balance is Al .

The thickness of the resulting solid plate is 25mm;

(2) Detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the template;

After testing, there are coarse crystal rings with a thickness of 2 to 3.5mm distributed in a continuous ring on the bar (as shown in Figure 3);

After calculation: the ratio of the maximum thickness t _max of the coarse crystal ring to the thickness W of the plate is 3.5/25=0.14<0.25;

Therefore, a rectangular solder bump is formed around the die hole, including two first solder bumps and two second solder bumps. Among them, the first solder block is arranged along the length direction of the die hole, the length of the first solder block is 3mm shorter than the length of the die hole (1.5mm shorter on the left and right sides), and the distance L from the first solder block to the working belt of the extrusion die _{is 1} is 0.5mm, its width is 5mm, and its height h ₁ is: h ₁ =k ₃ ×(W/L ₁ )=0.1×(25/0.5)=5mm. The second welding block is arranged along the width direction of the die hole, and its length is 2mm shorter than the width of the die hole (the upper and lower sides are each shorter by 1mm). The distance _L from the second welding block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.5mm, and its width is 3mm, and its height h ₂ is h ₂ =k ₄ ×(W/L ₂ )=0.06×(25/0.5)=3mm; after welding, a smooth transition is formed on the side close to the die hole and polished.

After repairing by the above method, re-extrude according to the original extrusion conditions. After testing, no coarse crystal ring appears (as shown in Figure 4), and there is no need to reduce the extrusion speed (12m/min).

Example 3

(1) Extruding with the original extrusion die to obtain a sample;

The thickness of the resulting solid plate is 25mm;

(2) Detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the template;

After testing, there is a half-moon-shaped coarse-grained ring with a thickness of 1.2-2.5mm on the four corners of the plate (see Figure 5);

After calculation: Therefore, the length of the working belt is shortened, and the specific shortening amount is: △W=k ₂ ·t _max =2×2.5=5mm; therefore, the length of the working belt is shortened from 9mm to 4mm.

After repairing by the above method, re-extrude, after testing, no coarse crystal ring appears (as shown in Figure 6), and the extrusion speed does not decrease (12m/min).

The above is the preferred embodiment of the invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die, characterized in that it comprises:

(1) Extruding with the original extrusion die to obtain a sample;

(2) Detect the distribution of the coarse crystal rings of the template;

(3) Repair the original extrusion die according to the distribution of the coarse crystal ring;

When the coarse-grained rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the maximum thickness t max of the coarse-grained rings is ≥0.25T, adjust the composition and heat treatment process of the aluminum alloy;

When the coarse-grain rings are distributed in a ring shape, and the maximum thickness t max of the coarse-grain rings is <0.25T, a solder bump is formed on the surface mold of the extrusion die; the height of the solder bump conforms to the following relationship:

Among them, h is the height of the solder bump, t max is the maximum thickness of the coarse-grained ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L is the distance from the solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, k 1 is the first shape factor, which takes The value range is 0.03～0.2;

When the coarse crystal rings are locally distributed, shorten the length of the working belt of the extrusion die.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the coarse crystal rings are locally distributed, the length of the working belt of the extrusion die is shortened, and the shortening amount conforms to the following relationship:

ΔW=k 2 t max

Wherein, t max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, k 2 is the second shape coefficient, and its value ranges from 1 to 5.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, when the coarse-grained rings are annularly distributed, and the tmax of the coarse-grained rings <0.25T, the length of the surface mold of the extrusion die Form the first solder bump in the direction, and form the second solder bump in the width direction of the surface mold of the extrusion die;

Wherein, the height of the first solder bump complies with the following relationship:

Among them, h 1 is the height of the first solder bump, t max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L 1 is the distance from the first solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, and k 3 is the first Three shape coefficients, the value range of which is 0.08～0.2;

Wherein, the height of the second solder bump complies with the following relationship:

Among them, h 2 is the height of the second solder bump, t max is the maximum thickness of the coarse crystal ring, W is the thickness of the solid plate, L 2 is the distance from the second solder bump to the working zone of the extrusion die, and k 4 is the first Four shape coefficients, the value range of which is 0.03～0.08.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance L1 from the first welding block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.3 to 1 mm, and its length is 2 mm shorter than the length of the die hole ~3mm, and its width is 4~10mm.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance L2 from the second welding block to the working zone of the extrusion die is 0.3-1mm, and its length is smaller than the width of the die hole 0.5-2mm, and its width is 3-5mm.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die according to claim 1, wherein the material of the solid plate is 6082 aluminum alloy, 6061 aluminum alloy or 6063 aluminum alloy.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material of the welding block is die steel.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die according to claim 7, wherein the material of the solder block is one of 5CrNiW, 5CrMnMo, and 3Cr2W8V.
The method for repairing a solid plate extrusion die according to claim 1, characterized in that, after forming the welding block, a smooth transition is formed on the side of the welding block close to the die hole, and the grinding and polishing treatment is carried out.
The repairing method of solid plate extrusion die as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), adopt the method for GB/T 3246 to detect the distribution situation of the coarse crystal ring of template.