WO2023103347A1 - Apparatus and method for utilizing waste heat of garbage incinerator slag by means of coupled plasma cracking - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for utilizing waste heat of garbage incinerator slag by means of coupled plasma cracking Download PDF

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WO2023103347A1
WO2023103347A1 PCT/CN2022/100996 CN2022100996W WO2023103347A1 WO 2023103347 A1 WO2023103347 A1 WO 2023103347A1 CN 2022100996 W CN2022100996 W CN 2022100996W WO 2023103347 A1 WO2023103347 A1 WO 2023103347A1
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heat
heat exchanger
waste
gas
outlet
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PCT/CN2022/100996
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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安航
周贤
彭烁
蔡浩飞
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2023103347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023103347A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the technical field of waste heat utilization, and in particular relates to a device and method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking.
  • Waste incineration power generation is to release the chemical energy stored in domestic waste through incineration, convert it into heat energy and use it. Compared with landfill, the emission of polluting gases from waste incineration is much lower. At the same time, the electricity and heat generated by it can also reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy and realize energy saving and emission reduction. It is gradually becoming a treatment city in my country. The mainstream of household waste. Although incineration has significant advantages in the harmless treatment of municipal solid waste, there are still some key problems to be solved. The most common problem is that the overall energy efficiency of waste incineration power plants is low, and there is a large loss of low-grade energy. The main reason is the heat loss of boiler combustion and the low temperature heat loss of exhaust gas.
  • waste heat recovery needs to consider the demand for energy products in the region, because waste heat resources can not only be used for power generation, but also for district heating and domestic hot water.
  • the existing technology has not used the heat in the slag at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant, but only the waste heat in the flue gas.
  • the domestic waste is only used for incineration to generate electricity, and the carbon is finally released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a device and method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the heat in the slag at the bottom of the incinerator of a waste incineration power plant is not utilized.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking, including a waste heat boiler, a first steam turbine, a first heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fifth heat exchanger, a plasma Body cracking furnace and domestic waste transportation line;
  • the superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the first steam turbine, the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the first heat exchanger, and the heat exchange steam outlet of the first heat exchanger connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the heat exchange steam outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to the circulating water inlet of the waste heat boiler;
  • the electric energy output end of the first steam turbine is connected to the electric energy input end of the plasma cracking furnace through a wire;
  • the solid particle outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the fifth heat exchanger, and the domestic waste transportation line is connected to the feed port of the plasma cracking furnace after heat exchange by the fifth heat exchanger, and the plasma cracking furnace
  • the gas inlet of the furnace is connected with a working gas pipeline.
  • the feed inlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a slag transportation line, and the slag transportation line is connected to a slag outlet at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
  • the gas-solid mixture outlet of the plasma cracking furnace is connected with a gas-solid separation device, and the high-temperature residual coke outlet of the gas-solid separation device is connected to the feed inlet of the waste heat boiler;
  • the gas outlet is connected with a gas purification and separation device.
  • the acetylene outlet of the gas purification and separation device is connected to an acetylene storage tank, and the other light gas outlets of the gas purification and separation device are connected to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
  • it also includes a second heat exchanger, a second steam turbine and a condenser
  • the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas tail gas output pipeline of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant
  • the The heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the first heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger
  • the heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger is connected to the second steam turbine
  • the organic working medium outlet of the second steam turbine is connected to the condenser
  • the condenser is connected to the circulating organic working medium heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger through a circulating organic working medium pipeline.
  • the electric energy output end of the second steam turbine is connected to the electric energy input end of the plasma cracking furnace through a wire.
  • the heating network return water pipeline is connected to the third heat exchanger, and is used for heat exchange in the third heat exchanger to raise the temperature.
  • a fourth heat exchanger is also included, the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger;
  • the return water of the heating network is connected to the third heat exchanger and then connected to the fourth heat exchanger for further heat exchange and temperature increase in the fourth heat exchanger.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, based on the device for utilizing waste heat from waste incinerator slag coupled with plasma cracking, comprising the following steps:
  • the waste heat boiler slag exchanges heat with circulating water, and the slag solid particles after heat exchange enter the fifth heat exchanger to preheat domestic waste for plasma cracking, and then discharge it for post-treatment;
  • the circulating water receives the heat of the slag and turns it into superheated steam, which is sent to the first steam turbine to generate power, and the steam after doing work enters the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger and then returns to the waste heat boiler;
  • the electrically excited working gas emitted by the first steam turbine forms plasma in the plasma cracking furnace
  • the domestic waste is first preheated by the fifth heat exchanger and then enters the plasma cracking furnace where it is cracked to produce a high-temperature gas-solid mixture.
  • the garbage incinerator slag waste heat utilization device uses the garbage incinerator slag as a heat source, and generates power through a steam Rankine cycle and an organic Rankine cycle to realize cascaded recovery of slag heat.
  • the garbage incinerator slag waste heat utilization device uses the generated electricity for plasma cracking of domestic garbage, and other light gases with complex components produced by the cracking are returned to the garbage incinerator for combustion, and the high-temperature residual coke produced is mixed with the slag. Waste heat recovery is carried out to realize the high coupling of waste incineration slag waste heat utilization and plasma cracking.
  • the garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device uses plasma to crack domestic garbage to produce acetylene.
  • the sale of acetylene can increase the income of the power plant.
  • it can achieve chemical carbon sequestration, reduce carbon emissions, and obtain carbon reduction benefits.
  • Using plasma to crack domestic waste can improve the capacity of waste incineration power plants to process domestic waste without expanding the scale of waste incinerators.
  • Fig. 1 is a system example diagram of a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a system example diagram of a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device in an optional embodiment of the present application.
  • 1 waste heat boiler 1 waste heat boiler; 2 first steam turbine; 3 second steam turbine; 4 first heat exchanger; 5 second heat exchanger; 6 third heat exchanger; 7 fourth heat exchanger; 8 condenser; 9 slag Transportation line; 10 flue gas and tail gas output pipeline; 11 heating network return water pipeline; 12 circulating water inlet; 13 superheated steam outlet; 14 circulating organic working medium pipeline; 15 electric wire; 16 working gas pipeline; 18 Plasma cracking furnace; 19 Gas-solid separation device; 20 Gas purification and separation device; 21 Household waste transportation line; 22 Light gas outlet; 23 High temperature residual coke outlet; 24 Acetylene outlet; 25 Other light gas outlet.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking, including a waste heat boiler 1, a first steam turbine 2, a first heat exchanger 4, a third heat exchanger device 6, the fifth heat exchanger 17, the plasma cracking furnace 18 and the domestic garbage transportation line 21;
  • the superheated steam outlet 13 of the waste heat boiler 1 is connected to the first steam turbine 2, and the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine 2 is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the first heat exchanger 4, and the first heat exchanger
  • the heat exchange steam outlet of 4 is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the third heat exchanger 6, and the heat exchange steam outlet of the third heat exchanger 6 is connected to the circulating water inlet 12 of the waste heat boiler 1;
  • the electric energy output end of described first steam turbine 2 is connected the electric energy input end of described plasma cracking furnace 18 by electric wire 15;
  • the solid particle outlet of the waste heat boiler 1 is connected to the fifth heat exchanger 17, and the domestic garbage transportation line 21 is connected to the feed port of the plasma cracking furnace 18 after heat exchange by the fifth heat exchanger 17,
  • the air inlet of the plasma cracking furnace 18 is connected with a working gas pipeline 16 .
  • the feed inlet of the waste heat boiler 1 is connected to the slag transport line 9, and the slag transport line 9 is connected to the slag outlet at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
  • the gas-solid mixture outlet of the plasma cracking furnace 18 is connected with a gas-solid separation device 19, and the high-temperature residual coke outlet 23 of the gas-solid separation device 19 is connected to the feed port of the waste heat boiler 1; the gas-solid separation The light gas outlet 22 of the device 19 is connected with a gas purification and separation device 20 .
  • the acetylene outlet 24 of the gas purification and separation device 20 is connected to an acetylene storage tank, and the other light gas outlet 25 of the gas purification and separation device 20 is connected to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
  • Embodiment 2 also includes a second heat exchanger 5, a second steam turbine 3 and a condenser 8,
  • the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected to the flue gas tail gas output pipeline 10 of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant, and the circulating organic working medium heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the The heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger 5, the heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected to the second steam turbine 3, and the organic working medium of the second steam turbine 3 is The outlet is connected to the condenser 8, and the condenser 8 is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium of the first heat exchanger 4 through the circulating organic working medium pipeline 14.
  • the electric energy output end of the second steam turbine 3 is connected to the electric energy input end of the plasma cracking furnace 18 through an electric
  • it also includes a heat network return water pipeline 11 and a fourth heat exchanger 7, the heat network return water pipeline 11 is connected to the third heat exchanger 6, and is used in the third heat exchanger 6 Medium heat exchange to heat up.
  • the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 7 is connected to the flue gas heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger 5; the heat network return water 11 is connected to the third heat exchanger 6 and then connected to to the fourth heat exchanger 7 for further heat exchange in the fourth heat exchanger 7 to raise the temperature.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, based on the device for utilizing waste heat from waste incinerator slag coupled with plasma cracking, comprising the following steps:
  • the slag from the bottom of the incinerator in the waste incineration power plant is mixed with the high-temperature residual coke from the plasma cracking, and then enters the waste heat boiler 1 to exchange heat with circulating water, and the solid particles after heat exchange enter the fifth heat exchanger 17 to be preheated for plasma
  • the pyrolyzed domestic waste is then discharged for reprocessing.
  • the circulating water receives the heat of the slag and turns it into superheated steam, which is sent to the first steam turbine 2 to generate power.
  • the steam after doing the work enters the first heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the circulating organic working medium, and then enters the third heat exchanger 6 to continue the heat exchange with the heat exchanger 6.
  • the network return water is condensed into water after heat exchange, and continues to return to the waste heat boiler to complete the steam Rankine cycle.
  • the circulating organic working medium After exchanging heat with steam in the first heat exchanger 4, the circulating organic working medium enters the second heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the flue gas and tail gas discharged from the incinerator to evaporate into steam, and then enters the second steam turbine 3 to generate power.
  • the organic working medium vapor is condensed into a liquid state through the condenser 8, completing the organic Rankine cycle.
  • the return water of the heat network passes through the third heat exchanger 6 and the fourth heat exchanger 7 successively to exchange heat and raise the temperature, and then returns to the heat network.
  • the flue gas tail gas passes through the second heat exchanger 5 and the fourth heat exchanger 7 successively for heat exchange and cooling, and then is sent to post-processing.
  • the electrically excited working gas from the first steam turbine 2 and the second steam turbine 3 forms plasma in the plasma cracking furnace 18, and the working gas is one or more of hydrogen, argon or hydrogen/argon mixture.
  • Household waste is first preheated by the fifth heat exchanger 17 and then enters the cracking furnace where it is cracked to produce high-temperature acetylene, hydrogen, methane and other light gases and high-temperature residual coke.
  • the high-temperature gas-solid mixture enters the gas-solid separation device 19 and is separated into light gas and high-temperature residual coke.
  • the light gas then enters the gas purification and separation device 20 and is separated into acetylene and other light gases.
  • the acetylene is sent to the acetylene storage tank, and the other light gases are sent to the garbage incinerator for reuse as combustion-supporting gas.
  • the slag of the waste incinerator is used as a heat source to generate electricity through a steam Rankine cycle and an organic Rankine cycle, so as to realize the cascade recovery of heat from the slag.
  • the electricity generated is used for plasma cracking of domestic waste, and other light gases with complex components produced by the cracking are returned to the waste incinerator for combustion, and the high-temperature residual coke generated is mixed with the slag for waste heat recovery, so as to realize the waste heat utilization of waste incineration slag and plasma Highly coupled body lysis.
  • the excess power is used to crack domestic waste to produce acetylene.
  • the sale of acetylene increases the income of the power plant.
  • Using plasma to crack domestic waste can improve the capacity of waste incineration power plants to process domestic waste without expanding the scale of waste incinerators.

Abstract

An apparatus and method for utilizing waste heat of garbage incinerator slag by means of coupled plasma cracking. The apparatus comprises a waste heat boiler (1), a first steam turbine (2), a first heat exchanger (4), a third heat exchanger (6), a fifth heat exchanger (17), a plasma cracking furnace (18) and a household waste transportation line (21). The apparatus for utilizing waste heat of garbage incinerator slag takes garbage incinerator slag as a heat source to generate electricity by means of a steam Rankine cycle and an organic Rankine cycle, thereby realizing gradient recovery of slag heat.

Description

耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置及方法Device and method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking
交叉引用cross reference
本申请要求在2021年12月9日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202111501902.X、发明名称为“耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application submitted to the State Intellectual Property Office of China on December 9, 2021, with the application number 202111501902.X, and the title of the invention is "Coupled plasma cracking waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device and method", The entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.
技术领域technical field
本申请属于余热利用技术领域，具体涉及一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置及方法。The application belongs to the technical field of waste heat utilization, and in particular relates to a device and method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking.
背景技术Background technique
垃圾焚烧发电是通过焚烧释放储存在生活垃圾内部的化学能，将其转化为热能并加以利用。相较于填埋，垃圾焚烧产生的污染气体排放量要低得多，同时其产生的电力和供热还可以减小不可再生能源的消耗，实现了节能减排，目前正逐渐成为我国处理城市生活垃圾的主流。虽然焚烧在城市生活垃圾无害化处理中有着显著的优势，但是也存在一些有待解决的关键问题，最广泛的问题是垃圾焚烧电厂的整体能量效率偏低，存在较大的低品位能量损失，主要原因是锅炉燃烧的热损失和尾气排烟的低温热损失。Waste incineration power generation is to release the chemical energy stored in domestic waste through incineration, convert it into heat energy and use it. Compared with landfill, the emission of polluting gases from waste incineration is much lower. At the same time, the electricity and heat generated by it can also reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy and realize energy saving and emission reduction. It is gradually becoming a treatment city in my country. The mainstream of household waste. Although incineration has significant advantages in the harmless treatment of municipal solid waste, there are still some key problems to be solved. The most common problem is that the overall energy efficiency of waste incineration power plants is low, and there is a large loss of low-grade energy. The main reason is the heat loss of boiler combustion and the low temperature heat loss of exhaust gas.
另外，垃圾焚烧发电厂焚烧炉底部的底灰颗粒也蕴含着较大的余热能，但目前的垃圾焚烧电厂极少利用到这部分热量。余热回收利用需要考虑地区的能源产品需求，因为余热资源不仅可以用来发电，也可以用来进行区域供热，提供生活热水。现有技术对垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣中的热量尚未利用，而只是利用了烟气中的余热，同时生活垃圾仅用来焚烧发电，碳最终还是以二氧化碳的形式释放到了大气中。In addition, the bottom ash particles at the bottom of the incinerators in waste incineration power plants also contain large waste heat energy, but the current waste incineration power plants seldom use this part of heat. Waste heat recovery needs to consider the demand for energy products in the region, because waste heat resources can not only be used for power generation, but also for district heating and domestic hot water. The existing technology has not used the heat in the slag at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant, but only the waste heat in the flue gas. At the same time, the domestic waste is only used for incineration to generate electricity, and the carbon is finally released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请的目的在于提供一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置及方法，以解决现有技术中，垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣中的热量未利用的问题。The purpose of this application is to provide a device and method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the heat in the slag at the bottom of the incinerator of a waste incineration power plant is not utilized.
为了实现上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical solutions:
本申请的第一方面，提供了一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，包括余热锅炉、第一汽轮机、第一换热器、第三换热器、第五换热器、等离子体裂解炉和生活垃圾运输线；The first aspect of the present application provides a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking, including a waste heat boiler, a first steam turbine, a first heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fifth heat exchanger, a plasma Body cracking furnace and domestic waste transportation line;
所述余热锅炉的过热蒸汽出口连接所述第一汽轮机，所述第一汽轮机的乏汽出口连接所 述第一换热器的换热蒸汽进口，所述第一换热器的换热蒸汽出口连接所述第三换热器的换热蒸汽进口，所述第三换热器的换热蒸汽出口连接所述余热锅炉的循环水进口；The superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the first steam turbine, the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the first heat exchanger, and the heat exchange steam outlet of the first heat exchanger connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the heat exchange steam outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to the circulating water inlet of the waste heat boiler;
所述第一汽轮机的电能输出端通过电线连接所述等离子体裂解炉的电能输入端；The electric energy output end of the first steam turbine is connected to the electric energy input end of the plasma cracking furnace through a wire;
所述余热锅炉的固体颗粒出口连接至所述第五换热器，所述生活垃圾运输线经第五换热器换热后连接所述等离子体裂解炉的进料口，所述等离子体裂解炉的进气口连接有工作气体管路。The solid particle outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the fifth heat exchanger, and the domestic waste transportation line is connected to the feed port of the plasma cracking furnace after heat exchange by the fifth heat exchanger, and the plasma cracking furnace The gas inlet of the furnace is connected with a working gas pipeline.
可选的，所述余热锅炉的进料口连接炉渣运输线，所述炉渣运输线连接垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣出口。Optionally, the feed inlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a slag transportation line, and the slag transportation line is connected to a slag outlet at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
可选的，等离子体裂解炉的气固混合物出口连接有气固分离装置，所述气固分离装置的高温残焦出口连接至所述余热锅炉的进料口；所述气固分离装置的轻质气体出口连接有气体净化分离装置。Optionally, the gas-solid mixture outlet of the plasma cracking furnace is connected with a gas-solid separation device, and the high-temperature residual coke outlet of the gas-solid separation device is connected to the feed inlet of the waste heat boiler; The gas outlet is connected with a gas purification and separation device.
可选的，所述气体净化分离装置的乙炔出口连接有乙炔储罐，所述气体净化分离装置的其他轻质气体出口连接至所述垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉的燃烧气体进口。Optionally, the acetylene outlet of the gas purification and separation device is connected to an acetylene storage tank, and the other light gas outlets of the gas purification and separation device are connected to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
可选的，还包括第二换热器、第二汽轮机和冷凝器，所述第二换热器的烟气换热进口连接所述垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉的烟气尾气输出管路，所述第一换热器的循环有机工质换热出口连接所述第二换热器的循环有机工质换热进口，所述第二换热器的循环有机工质换热出口连接至第二汽轮机，所述第二汽轮机的做工后有机工质出口连接所述冷凝器，所述冷凝器经过循环有机工质管路连接所述第一换热器的循环有机工质换热进口。Optionally, it also includes a second heat exchanger, a second steam turbine and a condenser, the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas tail gas output pipeline of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant, and the The heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the first heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger, and the heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger is connected to the second steam turbine , the organic working medium outlet of the second steam turbine is connected to the condenser, and the condenser is connected to the circulating organic working medium heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger through a circulating organic working medium pipeline.
可选的，所述第二汽轮机的电能输出端通过电线连接所述等离子体裂解炉的电能输入端。Optionally, the electric energy output end of the second steam turbine is connected to the electric energy input end of the plasma cracking furnace through a wire.
可选的，还包括热网回水管路，所述热网回水管路连接至所述第三换热器，用于在第三换热器中换热升温。Optionally, it also includes a heating network return water pipeline, the heating network return water pipeline is connected to the third heat exchanger, and is used for heat exchange in the third heat exchanger to raise the temperature.
可选的，还包括第四换热器，所述第四换热器的烟气换热进口连接所述第二换热器的烟气换热出口；Optionally, a fourth heat exchanger is also included, the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger;
所述热网回水连接至所述第三换热器后再连接至所述第四换热器，用于在第四换热器中进一步换热升温。The return water of the heating network is connected to the third heat exchanger and then connected to the fourth heat exchanger for further heat exchange and temperature increase in the fourth heat exchanger.
本申请的第二方面，提供了一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用方法，基于所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，包括如下步骤：The second aspect of the present application provides a method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, based on the device for utilizing waste heat from waste incinerator slag coupled with plasma cracking, comprising the following steps:
余热锅炉的炉渣与循环水进行换热，换热后的炉渣固体颗粒进入第五换热器预热用于等离子体裂解的生活垃圾，随后排出进行后处理；The waste heat boiler slag exchanges heat with circulating water, and the slag solid particles after heat exchange enter the fifth heat exchanger to preheat domestic waste for plasma cracking, and then discharge it for post-treatment;
循环水接受炉渣的热量成过热蒸汽，送往第一汽轮机做功发电，做功后的蒸汽进入第一换热器、第三换热器后继续回到余热锅炉中；The circulating water receives the heat of the slag and turns it into superheated steam, which is sent to the first steam turbine to generate power, and the steam after doing work enters the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger and then returns to the waste heat boiler;
第一汽轮机发出的电激发工作气体在等离子体裂解炉中形成等离子体；The electrically excited working gas emitted by the first steam turbine forms plasma in the plasma cracking furnace;
生活垃圾先经过第五换热器预热后进入等离子体裂解炉后在其中裂解，产生高温气固混合物。The domestic waste is first preheated by the fifth heat exchanger and then enters the plasma cracking furnace where it is cracked to produce a high-temperature gas-solid mixture.
本申请的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
本申请提供的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，将垃圾焚烧炉炉渣作为热源，通过蒸汽朗肯循环和有机朗肯循环发电，实现炉渣热量的梯级回收。The garbage incinerator slag waste heat utilization device provided by this application uses the garbage incinerator slag as a heat source, and generates power through a steam Rankine cycle and an organic Rankine cycle to realize cascaded recovery of slag heat.
本申请提供的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，将发出的电用作生活垃圾等离子体裂解，裂解产生的组分复杂的其他轻质气体回到垃圾焚烧炉助燃、产生的高温残焦与炉渣混合后进行余热回收，实现垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用和等离子体裂解的高度耦合。The garbage incinerator slag waste heat utilization device provided by this application uses the generated electricity for plasma cracking of domestic garbage, and other light gases with complex components produced by the cracking are returned to the garbage incinerator for combustion, and the high-temperature residual coke produced is mixed with the slag. Waste heat recovery is carried out to realize the high coupling of waste incineration slag waste heat utilization and plasma cracking.
本申请提供的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，将多发的电量利用等离子体裂解生活垃圾制取乙炔，一方面乙炔外售提高电厂收入，一方面实现化学固碳，减少碳排放，获取减碳收益。利用等离子体裂解生活垃圾，可以在不扩大垃圾焚烧炉规模的情况下提高垃圾焚烧电厂处理生活垃圾的能力。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device provided by this application uses plasma to crack domestic garbage to produce acetylene. On the one hand, the sale of acetylene can increase the income of the power plant. On the other hand, it can achieve chemical carbon sequestration, reduce carbon emissions, and obtain carbon reduction benefits. Using plasma to crack domestic waste can improve the capacity of waste incineration power plants to process domestic waste without expanding the scale of waste incinerators.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. In the attached picture:
图1为本申请实施例垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置的系统示例图。Fig. 1 is a system example diagram of a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device according to an embodiment of the present application.
图2为本申请可选实施例垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置的系统示例图。Fig. 2 is a system example diagram of a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device in an optional embodiment of the present application.
其中：1余热锅炉；2第一汽轮机；3第二汽轮机；4第一换热器；5第二换热器；6第三换热器；7第四换热器；8冷凝器；9炉渣运输线；10烟气尾气输出管路；11热网回水管路；12循环水进口；13过热蒸汽出口；14循环有机工质管路；15电线；16工作气体管路；17第五换热器；18等离子体裂解炉；19气固分离装置；20气体净化分离装置；21生活垃圾运输线；22轻质气体出口；23高温残焦出口；24乙炔出口；25其他轻质气体出口。Among them: 1 waste heat boiler; 2 first steam turbine; 3 second steam turbine; 4 first heat exchanger; 5 second heat exchanger; 6 third heat exchanger; 7 fourth heat exchanger; 8 condenser; 9 slag Transportation line; 10 flue gas and tail gas output pipeline; 11 heating network return water pipeline; 12 circulating water inlet; 13 superheated steam outlet; 14 circulating organic working medium pipeline; 15 electric wire; 16 working gas pipeline; 18 Plasma cracking furnace; 19 Gas-solid separation device; 20 Gas purification and separation device; 21 Household waste transportation line; 22 Light gas outlet; 23 High temperature residual coke outlet; 24 Acetylene outlet; 25 Other light gas outlet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
以下详细说明均是示例性的说明，旨在对本申请提供进一步的详细说明。除非另有指明，本申请所采用的所有技术术语与本申请所属领域的一般技术人员的通常理解的含义相同。本申请所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而并非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。The following detailed descriptions are all exemplary descriptions, and are intended to provide further detailed descriptions of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in the application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the application belongs. Terms used in the present application are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present application.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本申请的第一方面，提供了一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，包括余热锅炉1、第一汽轮机2、第一换热器4、第三换热器6、第五换热器17、等离子体裂解炉18和生活垃圾运输线21；As shown in Fig. 1, the first aspect of the present application provides a waste incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking, including a waste heat boiler 1, a first steam turbine 2, a first heat exchanger 4, a third heat exchanger device 6, the fifth heat exchanger 17, the plasma cracking furnace 18 and the domestic garbage transportation line 21;
所述余热锅炉1的过热蒸汽出口13连接所述第一汽轮机2，所述第一汽轮机2的乏汽出口连接所述第一换热器4的换热蒸汽进口，所述第一换热器4的换热蒸汽出口连接所述第三换热器6的换热蒸汽进口，所述第三换热器6的换热蒸汽出口连接所述余热锅炉1的循环水进口12；The superheated steam outlet 13 of the waste heat boiler 1 is connected to the first steam turbine 2, and the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine 2 is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the first heat exchanger 4, and the first heat exchanger The heat exchange steam outlet of 4 is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the third heat exchanger 6, and the heat exchange steam outlet of the third heat exchanger 6 is connected to the circulating water inlet 12 of the waste heat boiler 1;
所述第一汽轮机2的电能输出端通过电线15连接所述等离子体裂解炉18的电能输入端；The electric energy output end of described first steam turbine 2 is connected the electric energy input end of described plasma cracking furnace 18 by electric wire 15;
所述余热锅炉1的固体颗粒出口连接至所述第五换热器17，所述生活垃圾运输线21经第五换热器17换热后连接所述等离子体裂解炉18的进料口，所述等离子体裂解炉18的进气口连接有工作气体管路16。The solid particle outlet of the waste heat boiler 1 is connected to the fifth heat exchanger 17, and the domestic garbage transportation line 21 is connected to the feed port of the plasma cracking furnace 18 after heat exchange by the fifth heat exchanger 17, The air inlet of the plasma cracking furnace 18 is connected with a working gas pipeline 16 .
所述余热锅炉1的进料口连接炉渣运输线9，所述炉渣运输线9连接垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣出口。The feed inlet of the waste heat boiler 1 is connected to the slag transport line 9, and the slag transport line 9 is connected to the slag outlet at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
所述等离子体裂解炉18的气固混合物出口连接有气固分离装置19，所述气固分离装置19的高温残焦出口23连接至所述余热锅炉1的进料口；所述气固分离装置19的轻质气体出口22连接有气体净化分离装置20。所述气体净化分离装置20的乙炔出口24连接有乙炔储罐，所述气体净化分离装置20的其他轻质气体出口25连接至所述垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉的燃烧气体进口。The gas-solid mixture outlet of the plasma cracking furnace 18 is connected with a gas-solid separation device 19, and the high-temperature residual coke outlet 23 of the gas-solid separation device 19 is connected to the feed port of the waste heat boiler 1; the gas-solid separation The light gas outlet 22 of the device 19 is connected with a gas purification and separation device 20 . The acetylene outlet 24 of the gas purification and separation device 20 is connected to an acetylene storage tank, and the other light gas outlet 25 of the gas purification and separation device 20 is connected to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
实施例2Example 2
如图2所示，在实施例1的基础上，本申请还提供了实施例2，作为可选实施例，实施例2还包括第二换热器5、第二汽轮机3和冷凝器8，所述第二换热器5的烟气换热进口连接所述垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉的烟气尾气输出管路10，所述第一换热器4的循环有机工质换热出口连接所述第二换热器5的循环有机工质换热进口，所述第二换热器5的循环有机工质换热出口连接至第二汽轮机3，所述第二汽轮机3的做工后有机工质出口连接所述冷凝器8，所述冷凝器8经过循环有机工质管路14连接所述第一换热器4的循环有机工质换热进口。所述第二汽轮机3的电能输出端通过电线15连接所述等离子体裂解炉18的电能输入端。As shown in Figure 2, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the present application also provides Embodiment 2. As an optional embodiment, Embodiment 2 also includes a second heat exchanger 5, a second steam turbine 3 and a condenser 8, The flue gas heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected to the flue gas tail gas output pipeline 10 of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant, and the circulating organic working medium heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the The heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger 5, the heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected to the second steam turbine 3, and the organic working medium of the second steam turbine 3 is The outlet is connected to the condenser 8, and the condenser 8 is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium of the first heat exchanger 4 through the circulating organic working medium pipeline 14. The electric energy output end of the second steam turbine 3 is connected to the electric energy input end of the plasma cracking furnace 18 through an electric wire 15 .
作为可选实施例，还包括热网回水管路11和第四换热器7，所述热网回水管路11连接至所述第三换热器6，用于在第三换热器6中换热升温。所述第四换热器7的烟气换热进口连接所述第二换热器5的烟气换热出口；所述热网回水11连接至所述第三换热器6后再连接至所述第四换热器7，用于在第四换热器7中进一步换热升温。As an optional embodiment, it also includes a heat network return water pipeline 11 and a fourth heat exchanger 7, the heat network return water pipeline 11 is connected to the third heat exchanger 6, and is used in the third heat exchanger 6 Medium heat exchange to heat up. The flue gas heat exchange inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 7 is connected to the flue gas heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger 5; the heat network return water 11 is connected to the third heat exchanger 6 and then connected to to the fourth heat exchanger 7 for further heat exchange in the fourth heat exchanger 7 to raise the temperature.
本申请的第二方面，提供了一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用方法，基于 所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，包括如下步骤：The second aspect of the present application provides a method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, based on the device for utilizing waste heat from waste incinerator slag coupled with plasma cracking, comprising the following steps:
来自垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣与来自等离子体裂解的高温残焦混合后进入余热锅炉1与循环水进行换热，换热后的固体颗粒进入第五换热器17预热用于等离子体裂解的生活垃圾，随后排出进行后处理。The slag from the bottom of the incinerator in the waste incineration power plant is mixed with the high-temperature residual coke from the plasma cracking, and then enters the waste heat boiler 1 to exchange heat with circulating water, and the solid particles after heat exchange enter the fifth heat exchanger 17 to be preheated for plasma The pyrolyzed domestic waste is then discharged for reprocessing.
循环水接受炉渣的热量成过热蒸汽，送往第一汽轮机2做功发电，做功后的蒸汽进入第一换热器4与循环有机工质进行换热，随后进入第三换热器6继续与热网回水换热后冷凝成水，继续回到余热锅炉中，完成蒸汽朗肯循环。The circulating water receives the heat of the slag and turns it into superheated steam, which is sent to the first steam turbine 2 to generate power. The steam after doing the work enters the first heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the circulating organic working medium, and then enters the third heat exchanger 6 to continue the heat exchange with the heat exchanger 6. The network return water is condensed into water after heat exchange, and continues to return to the waste heat boiler to complete the steam Rankine cycle.
循环有机工质在第一换热器4中与蒸汽换热后进入第二换热器5与焚烧炉排出的烟气尾气换热蒸发成蒸汽，随后进入第二汽轮机3做功发电，做工后的有机工质蒸汽经过冷凝器8冷凝成液态，完成有机朗肯循环。After exchanging heat with steam in the first heat exchanger 4, the circulating organic working medium enters the second heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the flue gas and tail gas discharged from the incinerator to evaporate into steam, and then enters the second steam turbine 3 to generate power. The organic working medium vapor is condensed into a liquid state through the condenser 8, completing the organic Rankine cycle.
热网回水先后经过第三换热器6和第四换热器7换热升温后，回到热网。烟气尾气先后经过第二换热器5和第四换热器7换热降温后送往后处理。The return water of the heat network passes through the third heat exchanger 6 and the fourth heat exchanger 7 successively to exchange heat and raise the temperature, and then returns to the heat network. The flue gas tail gas passes through the second heat exchanger 5 and the fourth heat exchanger 7 successively for heat exchange and cooling, and then is sent to post-processing.
第一汽轮机2和第二汽轮机3发出的电激发工作气体在等离子体裂解炉18中形成等离子体，工作气体为氢气、氩气或氢气/氩气混合物中的一种或者多种。The electrically excited working gas from the first steam turbine 2 and the second steam turbine 3 forms plasma in the plasma cracking furnace 18, and the working gas is one or more of hydrogen, argon or hydrogen/argon mixture.
生活垃圾先经过第五换热器17预热后进入裂解炉后在其中裂解，产生高温的乙炔、氢气、甲烷等轻质气体和高温残焦。Household waste is first preheated by the fifth heat exchanger 17 and then enters the cracking furnace where it is cracked to produce high-temperature acetylene, hydrogen, methane and other light gases and high-temperature residual coke.
高温气固混合物进入气固分离装置19分离成轻质气体和高温残焦。The high-temperature gas-solid mixture enters the gas-solid separation device 19 and is separated into light gas and high-temperature residual coke.
轻质气体随后进入气体净化分离装置20，分离成乙炔和其他轻质气体，乙炔送往乙炔储罐，其他轻质气体送往垃圾焚烧炉作为助燃气体进行再利用。The light gas then enters the gas purification and separation device 20 and is separated into acetylene and other light gases. The acetylene is sent to the acetylene storage tank, and the other light gases are sent to the garbage incinerator for reuse as combustion-supporting gas.
本申请通过将垃圾焚烧炉炉渣作为热源通过蒸汽朗肯循环和有机朗肯循环发电，实现炉渣热量的梯级回收。发出的电用作生活垃圾等离子体裂解，裂解产生的组分复杂的其他轻质气体回到垃圾焚烧炉助燃、产生的高温残焦与炉渣混合后进行余热回收，实现垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用和等离子体裂解的高度耦合。将多发的电量利用等离子体裂解生活垃圾制取乙炔，一方面乙炔外售提高电厂收入，一方面实现化学固碳，减少碳排放，获取减碳收益。利用等离子体裂解生活垃圾，可以在不扩大垃圾焚烧炉规模的情况下提高垃圾焚烧电厂处理生活垃圾的能力。In this application, the slag of the waste incinerator is used as a heat source to generate electricity through a steam Rankine cycle and an organic Rankine cycle, so as to realize the cascade recovery of heat from the slag. The electricity generated is used for plasma cracking of domestic waste, and other light gases with complex components produced by the cracking are returned to the waste incinerator for combustion, and the high-temperature residual coke generated is mixed with the slag for waste heat recovery, so as to realize the waste heat utilization of waste incineration slag and plasma Highly coupled body lysis. The excess power is used to crack domestic waste to produce acetylene. On the one hand, the sale of acetylene increases the income of the power plant. On the other hand, it realizes chemical carbon sequestration, reduces carbon emissions, and obtains carbon reduction benefits. Using plasma to crack domestic waste can improve the capacity of waste incineration power plants to process domestic waste without expanding the scale of waste incinerators.
由技术常识可知，本申请可以通过其它的不脱离其精神实质或必要特征的实施方案来实现。因此，上述公开的实施方案，就各方面而言，都只是举例说明，并不是仅有的。所有在本申请范围内或在等同于本申请的范围内的改变均被本申请包含。It can be known from common technical knowledge that this application can be implemented through other implementations without departing from its spirit or essential features. Accordingly, the above-disclosed embodiments are, in all respects, illustrative and not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present application or within the scope equivalent to the present application are embraced by the present application.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，包括余热锅炉(1)、第一汽轮机(2)、第一换热器(4)、第三换热器(6)、第五换热器(17)、等离子体裂解炉(18)和生活垃圾运输线(21)；A garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking, characterized in that it includes a waste heat boiler (1), a first steam turbine (2), a first heat exchanger (4), a third heat exchanger (6), The fifth heat exchanger (17), the plasma cracking furnace (18) and the domestic waste transportation line (21);
    所述余热锅炉(1)的过热蒸汽出口(13)连接所述第一汽轮机(2)，所述第一汽轮机(2)的乏汽出口连接所述第一换热器(4)的换热蒸汽进口，所述第一换热器(4)的换热蒸汽出口连接所述第三换热器(6)的换热蒸汽进口，所述第三换热器(6)的换热蒸汽出口连接所述余热锅炉(1)的循环水进口(12)；The superheated steam outlet (13) of the waste heat boiler (1) is connected to the first steam turbine (2), and the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine (2) is connected to the heat exchange of the first heat exchanger (4). steam inlet, the heat exchange steam outlet of the first heat exchanger (4) is connected to the heat exchange steam inlet of the third heat exchanger (6), and the heat exchange steam outlet of the third heat exchanger (6) Connect the circulating water inlet (12) of the waste heat boiler (1);
    所述第一汽轮机(2)的电能输出端通过电线(15)连接所述等离子体裂解炉(18)的电能输入端；The electric energy output end of described first steam turbine (2) connects the electric energy input end of described plasma cracking furnace (18) by electric wire (15);
    所述余热锅炉(1)的固体颗粒出口连接至所述第五换热器(17)，所述生活垃圾运输线(21)经第五换热器(17)换热后连接所述等离子体裂解炉(18)的进料口，所述等离子体裂解炉(18)的进气口连接有工作气体管路(16)。The solid particle outlet of the waste heat boiler (1) is connected to the fifth heat exchanger (17), and the domestic waste transportation line (21) is connected to the plasma after heat exchange by the fifth heat exchanger (17). The feed port of the cracking furnace (18), the gas inlet of the plasma cracking furnace (18) is connected with a working gas pipeline (16).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，所述余热锅炉(1)的进料口连接炉渣运输线(9)，所述炉渣运输线(9)连接垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉底部的炉渣出口。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed port of the waste heat boiler (1) is connected to a slag transportation line (9), and the slag transportation line (9) Connect to the slag outlet at the bottom of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，所述等离子体裂解炉(18)的气固混合物出口连接有气固分离装置(19)，所述气固分离装置(19)的高温残焦出口(23)连接至所述余热锅炉(1)的进料口；所述气固分离装置(19)的轻质气体出口(22)连接有气体净化分离装置(20)。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 2, wherein the gas-solid mixture outlet of the plasma cracking furnace (18) is connected with a gas-solid separation device (19), and the gas-solid separation device (19) is connected to the gas-solid mixture outlet of the plasma cracking furnace (18). The high-temperature residual coke outlet (23) of the solid separation device (19) is connected to the feed inlet of the waste heat boiler (1); the light gas outlet (22) of the gas-solid separation device (19) is connected with a gas purification separation device (20).
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，所述气体净化分离装置(20)的乙炔出口(24)连接有乙炔储罐，所述气体净化分离装置(20)的其他轻质气体出口(25)连接至所述垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉的燃烧气体进口。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 3, characterized in that the acetylene outlet (24) of the gas purification and separation device (20) is connected with an acetylene storage tank, and the gas purification and separation device The other light gas outlet (25) of (20) is connected to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，还包括第二换热器(5)、第二汽轮机(3)和冷凝器(8)，所述第二换热器(5)的烟气换热进口连接所述垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉的烟气尾气输出管路(10)，所述第一换热器(4)的循环有机工质换热出口连接所述第二换热器(5)的循环有机工质换热进口，所述第二换热器(5)的循环有机工质换热出口连接至第二汽轮机(3)，所述第二汽轮机(3)的做工后有机工质出口连接所 述冷凝器(8)，所述冷凝器(8)经过循环有机工质管路(14)连接所述第一换热器(4)的循环有机工质换热进口。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 2, characterized in that it also includes a second heat exchanger (5), a second steam turbine (3) and a condenser (8), the first The flue gas heat exchange inlet of the second heat exchanger (5) is connected to the flue gas tail gas output pipeline (10) of the incinerator of the waste incineration power plant, and the circulating organic working medium heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger (4) The heat exchange inlet of the circulating organic working medium connected to the second heat exchanger (5), the heat exchange outlet of the circulating organic working medium of the second heat exchanger (5) is connected to the second steam turbine (3), the first The organic working medium outlet of the second steam turbine (3) is connected to the condenser (8), and the condenser (8) is connected to the first heat exchanger (4) through the circulating organic working medium pipeline (14). Circulating organic working medium heat exchange import.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，所述第二汽轮机(3)的电能输出端通过电线(15)连接所述等离子体裂解炉(18)的电能输入端。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 5, characterized in that, the electric energy output end of the second steam turbine (3) is connected to the plasma cracking furnace (18) through an electric wire (15) power input terminal.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，还包括热网回水管路(11)，所述热网回水管路(11)连接至所述第三换热器(6)，用于在第三换热器(6)中换热升温。The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 5, characterized in that it also includes a heating network return water pipeline (11), and the heating network return water pipeline (11) is connected to the third The heat exchanger (6) is used for exchanging heat in the third heat exchanger (6) to raise the temperature.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，还包括第四换热器(7)，所述第四换热器(7)的烟气换热进口连接所述第二换热器(5)的烟气换热出口；The garbage incineration slag waste heat utilization device coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 7, characterized in that it also includes a fourth heat exchanger (7), and the flue gas heat exchange inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (7) Connect the flue gas heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger (5);
    所述热网回水(11)连接至所述第三换热器(6)后再连接至所述第四换热器(7)，用于在第四换热器(7)中进一步换热升温。The heat network return water (11) is connected to the third heat exchanger (6) and then to the fourth heat exchanger (7), for further exchange in the fourth heat exchanger (7) heat up.
  9. 一种耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用方法，基于权利要求1所述的耦合等离子体裂解的垃圾焚烧炉渣余热利用装置，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A method for utilizing waste heat from waste incineration slag coupled with plasma cracking, based on the device for utilizing waste heat from waste incinerator slag coupled with plasma cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    余热锅炉(1)的炉渣与循环水进行换热，换热后的炉渣固体颗粒进入第五换热器(17)预热用于等离子体裂解的生活垃圾，随后排出进行后处理；The slag of the waste heat boiler (1) exchanges heat with circulating water, and the slag solid particles after the heat exchange enter the fifth heat exchanger (17) to preheat domestic garbage for plasma cracking, and then discharge it for post-treatment;
    循环水接受炉渣的热量成过热蒸汽，送往第一汽轮机(2)做功发电，做功后的蒸汽进入第一换热器(4)、第三换热器(6)后继续回到余热锅炉中；The circulating water receives the heat of the slag and turns it into superheated steam, which is sent to the first steam turbine (2) to generate power, and the steam after the work enters the first heat exchanger (4) and the third heat exchanger (6) and then returns to the waste heat boiler ;
    第一汽轮机(2)发出的电激发工作气体在等离子体裂解炉(18)中形成等离子体；The electrically excited working gas that the first steam turbine (2) sends forms plasma in the plasma cracking furnace (18);
    生活垃圾先经过第五换热器(17)预热后进入等离子体裂解炉(18)后在其中裂解，产生高温气固混合物。Domestic waste is first preheated by the fifth heat exchanger (17), then enters the plasma cracking furnace (18) and is cracked therein to produce a high-temperature gas-solid mixture.
PCT/CN2022/100996 2021-12-09 2022-06-24 Apparatus and method for utilizing waste heat of garbage incinerator slag by means of coupled plasma cracking WO2023103347A1 (en)

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