WO2023102989A1 - 显示装置 - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2023102989A1
WO2023102989A1 PCT/CN2021/138530 CN2021138530W WO2023102989A1 WO 2023102989 A1 WO2023102989 A1 WO 2023102989A1 CN 2021138530 W CN2021138530 W CN 2021138530W WO 2023102989 A1 WO2023102989 A1 WO 2023102989A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
polarizer
display device
display
transmission axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/138530
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何瑞
叶文龙
梅新东
程薇
Original Assignee
武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 filed Critical 武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority to US17/623,280 priority Critical patent/US20240036428A1/en
Publication of WO2023102989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023102989A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133548—Wire-grid polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a display device.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device to solve the technical problem that the anti-peeping film of the existing display device will cause the surface brightness of the display device to attenuate.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including:
  • the liquid crystal dimming box is arranged on the light emitting side of the display panel, and includes a liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer includes a polymer network and liquid crystal dispersed in the polymer network;
  • the first polarizer is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal dimming box away from the display panel;
  • a reflective polarizing layer disposed between the liquid crystal dimming box and the display panel
  • the second polarizer is disposed on a side away from the light-emitting side of the display panel, and the direction of the transmission axis of the second polarizer is perpendicular to the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer;
  • the reflective surface of the reflective polarizer faces the liquid crystal dimming box, and the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer is the same as the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer;
  • the polymer network is arranged along a first direction, the first direction is inclined relative to the normal of the first polarizer, the display device includes a first display mode, and in the first display mode, the Long axes of the liquid crystals are aligned along the first direction.
  • the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal on the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer.
  • the angle formed between the long axis of the liquid crystal and the normal of the first polarizer is 55°-89°.
  • the display device further includes a second display mode.
  • the second display mode the long axes of the liquid crystals are aligned along a second direction, and the second direction and the first One direction is different, the light emitting viewing angle of the display device in the second display mode is larger than the light emitting viewing angle in the first mode.
  • the liquid crystal dimming box further includes a first electrode and a second electrode respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer, and in the first display mode, the first electrode The potential is the same as that between the second electrodes, and in the second display mode, there is a voltage difference between the first electrodes and the second electrodes.
  • the second direction is perpendicular or parallel to the normal of the first polarizer.
  • the reflective polarizing layer includes a substrate and a metal wire grid disposed on the side of the substrate close to the liquid crystal dimming box, and the metal wire grid includes a plurality of spaced and parallel Arranged metal strips, the arrangement direction of the plurality of metal strips is parallel to the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer.
  • the reflective polarizing layer includes an absorbing polarizer and a polarizing reflective film disposed on the side of the absorbing polarizer close to the liquid crystal dimming box, and the absorbing polarizer
  • the direction of the light transmission axis is the same as that of the first polarizer, and the direction of the reflection axis of the polarized reflection film is the same as the direction of the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides another display device, including:
  • the liquid crystal dimming box is arranged on the light emitting side of the display panel;
  • the first polarizer is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal dimming box away from the display panel;
  • a reflective polarizing layer is arranged between the liquid crystal dimming box and the display panel; wherein,
  • the reflective surface of the reflective polarizer faces the liquid crystal dimming box, and the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer is the same as the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer.
  • the liquid crystal dimming box includes a liquid crystal layer
  • the liquid crystal layer includes a polymer network and liquid crystals dispersed in the polymer network
  • the polymer network is arranged along a first direction
  • the included angle between the first direction and the normal of the first polarizer is an acute angle
  • the display device includes a first display mode, and in the first display mode, the long axis of the liquid crystal is along the Arranged in the first direction.
  • the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal on the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer.
  • the angle formed between the long axis of the liquid crystal and the normal of the first polarizer is 55°-89°.
  • the display device further includes a second display mode.
  • the second display mode the long axes of the liquid crystals are aligned along a second direction, and the second direction and the first One direction is different, the light emitting viewing angle of the display device in the second display mode is larger than the light emitting viewing angle in the first mode.
  • the liquid crystal dimming box further includes a first electrode and a second electrode respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer, and in the first display mode, the first electrode The potential is the same as that between the second electrodes, and in the second display mode, there is a voltage difference between the first electrodes and the second electrodes.
  • the liquid crystal dimming box includes:
  • the liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
  • a first alignment layer disposed on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer
  • the second alignment layer is arranged on the side of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; wherein, the first electrode is arranged between the first substrate and the first alignment layer, and the second electrode It is arranged between the second substrate and the second alignment layer.
  • the second direction is perpendicular or parallel to the normal of the first polarizer.
  • the liquid crystals include any one of positive liquid crystals and negative liquid crystals.
  • the reflective polarizing layer includes a substrate and a metal wire grid disposed on the side of the substrate close to the liquid crystal dimming box, and the metal wire grid includes a plurality of spaced and parallel Arranged metal strips, the arrangement direction of the plurality of metal strips is parallel to the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer.
  • the reflective polarizing layer includes an absorbing polarizer and a polarizing reflective film disposed on the side of the absorbing polarizer close to the liquid crystal dimming box, and the absorbing polarizer
  • the direction of the light transmission axis is the same as that of the first polarizer, and the direction of the reflection axis of the polarized reflection film is the same as the direction of the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer.
  • a second polarizer is further provided on the side of the display panel away from the light-emitting side, and the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer is in line with the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer.
  • the optical axis direction is vertical.
  • the display device provided by the present invention includes a display panel, a liquid crystal dimming box arranged on the light-emitting side of the display panel, a first polarizer arranged on the side of the liquid crystal dimming box away from the display panel, and a first polarizer arranged on the first polarizer and the display panel.
  • the reflective polarizing layer between the panels wherein the reflective surface of the reflective polarizing layer faces the liquid crystal dimming box, and the direction of the light transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer is the same as the direction of the light transmission axis of the first polarizer, which can not only realize the display
  • the anti-peeping function of the device and has a reflection effect on ambient light with a large viewing angle, which can further reduce the visibility of the display screen at a large viewing angle, and will not affect the display at the front viewing angle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a backlight emission path of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a first display mode;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a backlight emission path of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a second display mode;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a large viewing angle ambient light propagation path in a first display mode of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a propagation path of ambient light with a large viewing angle in a second display mode of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective polarizing layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for description purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of said features.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a display device 100, including a display panel 10, a liquid crystal dimming box 20, a first polarizer 30, and a reflective polarizing layer 40, wherein the liquid crystal dimming box 20 is arranged on On the light output side of the display panel 10, the first polarizer 30 is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal dimming box 20 away from the display panel 10, and the reflective polarizing layer 40 is arranged on the liquid crystal dimming box Between 20 and the display panel 10 , the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer 40 is the same as the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer 30 .
  • the thickness direction of the display device 100 can be defined as the Z-axis direction (that is, the normal direction of the first polarizer 30 ), and the reflective polarizer 40
  • the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer 30 and the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer 30 are defined as the Y axis direction
  • the light absorption axis direction of the reflective polarizing layer 40 and the light absorption axis direction of the first polarizer 30 are defined as X Axis directions, wherein, the Z-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the liquid crystal dimming box 20 includes a liquid crystal layer 21 , and the liquid crystal layer 21 includes a polymer network 211 and liquid crystals 212 dispersed in the polymer network 211 .
  • the display device of the present invention includes a first display mode, and the first display mode may be an anti-peeping display mode.
  • the polymer network 211 and the liquid crystal 212 are arranged obliquely relative to the first polarizer 30, and the direction of inclination is the same, and the polymer network 211 and the liquid crystal 212 are in In the first display mode, they are all arranged along the first direction, and the first direction is inclined relative to the normal of the first polarizer 30 , that is, the first direction W and the normal direction of the first polarizer 30
  • the angle formed by (the Z-axis direction) is an acute angle, that is, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal layer 21 is an acute angle.
  • the vibration plane of linearly polarized light in the direction of large viewing angle and the liquid crystal molecules There is an included angle between the long axes of the two, and the linearly polarized light vibrating along the Y-axis direction in the large viewing angle direction will pass through the long axis and the short axis of the liquid crystal molecules at the same time when passing through the liquid crystal layer 21, so a phase difference will be generated.
  • the polarized light with a large viewing angle has a phase delay effect, which causes the polarization state of the incident linearly polarized light with a large viewing angle to change, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light in the positive viewing angle direction (the propagation direction is the same as the Z-axis direction) is on the Y-axis, and its vibration plane is parallel to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the liquid crystal layer 21 has no phase retardation effect on vertically incident linearly polarized light ( The linearly polarized light in this direction only passes through the short axis of the liquid crystal molecules, so there is no phase difference), and the polarization state of the linearly polarized light in this direction remains unchanged.
  • the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light incident in the large viewing angle direction will change after passing through the liquid crystal layer 21, and because the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light with a large viewing angle before entering the liquid crystal layer 21 is parallel to In the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer 40 (Y-axis direction), the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer 30 is parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer 40, so the polarization state changes
  • the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light in the large viewing angle direction is not parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 30, and its light will be partially or completely absorbed by the first polarizer 30; while the linearly polarized light incident in the normal viewing angle direction After passing through the liquid crystal layer 21, the polarization direction does not change, and its polarization direction is still parallel to the transmission axis direction of the reflective polarizing layer 40, so the linearly polarized light incident in the
  • the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 on the first polarizer 30 is parallel to the transmission axis (Y axis) of the first polarizer 30 .
  • the liquid crystal dimming box 20 includes a first substrate 22 and a second substrate 23 oppositely disposed, and the liquid crystal layer 21 is sandwiched between the first substrate 22 and the second substrate 23 .
  • the liquid crystal dimming box 20 also includes a first alignment layer disposed on the side of the first substrate 22 facing the liquid crystal layer 21, and a first alignment layer disposed on the side of the second substrate 23 facing the liquid crystal layer 21.
  • Two alignment layers, the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer both include a plurality of grooves, and the arrangement direction of the grooves of the first alignment layer is the same as the arrangement direction of the grooves of the second alignment layer same.
  • the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are used to align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 21 .
  • other methods such as embossing may also be used to align the liquid crystals to form a pretilt angle.
  • ⁇ n is the birefringence difference of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 21
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of visible light in vacuum
  • n is an integer greater than or equal to zero.
  • the angle formed between the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 and the normal of the first polarizer 30 is 55°-89°, which has a strong Better blocking effect.
  • the angle formed by the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 and the normal of the first polarizer 30 may be 65°. Under this angle, the vibration plane of the linearly polarized light incident in the direction of 45° and the liquid crystal The included angle between the long axes of 212 is 45°, so that after the linearly polarized light incident at 45° passes through the liquid crystal layer 21, its vibration direction is deflected by 90°, perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 30, Therefore, the linearly polarized light incident in the 45° direction will be completely absorbed by the first polarizer 30, visually showing a dark state with extremely low brightness, and the effects of other oblique viewing angles are between the front view and the 45° oblique viewing effect, thereby achieving anti-peeping Effect.
  • the display device may further include a second display mode, and the second display mode may be a sharing mode.
  • the second display mode the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 is arranged along a second direction, the second direction is different from the first direction W, and the display device in the second display mode
  • the light output viewing angle is larger than the light output viewing angle in the first mode.
  • the polymer network 211 Since in the second display mode, the polymer network 211 is arranged along the first direction, and the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 is arranged along the second direction, when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 21 in this state, the polymer network 211 There is a difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal 212 and the light will be scattered, which can expand the viewing angle range of the outgoing light.
  • the second direction is perpendicular or parallel to the normal line (Z-axis direction) of the first polarizer 30, that is, the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 is parallel to the
  • the first polarizer 30 is aligned, or the long axis of the liquid crystal 212 is perpendicular to the first polarizer 30 , that is, the liquid crystal 212 is aligned parallel or vertically.
  • the liquid crystal dimming cell 20 further includes a first electrode and a second electrode respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer 21 .
  • the first electrode is disposed between the first substrate 22 and the first alignment layer
  • the second electrode is disposed between the second substrate 23 and the second alignment layer.
  • the potential between the first electrode and the second electrode is the same, that is, the liquid crystal layer 21 is not affected by an electric field; in the second display mode, the first electrode There is a voltage difference between the liquid crystal layer 21 and the second electrode, that is, the liquid crystal layer 21 is affected by an electric field.
  • the liquid crystal 212 can be a negative liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal layer 21 is deflected under the action of an electric field, so that the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is arranged parallel to the first polarizer 30, specifically, it can be parallel to the Y axis alignment.
  • the alignment direction of the polymer network 211 remains unchanged, so light scattering occurs in the liquid crystal layer 21, and the polarization of vertical incidence and large viewing angle incidence After the light enters the liquid crystal layer 21 , no phase delay occurs, and the polarization state of the light does not change, so it is directly emitted from the first polarizer 30 to realize a sharing mode with a wide viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal layer 21 has a certain scattering effect, which can make the viewing angle range of the outgoing light more uniform, and has a gain effect on the light emitting at a wide viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal can be a positive liquid crystal
  • the liquid crystal layer 21 is oriented perpendicular to the first polarizer 30 under the action of an electric field, and there is also a difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal 212 and the polymer 211, so the The liquid crystal layer 21 in this state also undergoes light scattering without changing the polarization state of the polarized light, thereby realizing a display mode with a wide viewing angle.
  • the anti-peep display mode of the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention will not affect the surface brightness of the display device compared to the anti-peep film of the louver structure, and the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be widely used.
  • the viewing angle sharing mode can be switched back and forth between anti-peeping and wide viewing angle modes to meet different application scenarios.
  • the display panel 10 may be an OLED display panel, or a liquid crystal display panel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking a liquid crystal display panel as an example.
  • the display device 100 further includes a second polarizer 50 and a backlight module 60 , and the second polarizer 50 is arranged on the opposite side of the display panel 10 .
  • the direction of the transmission axis of the second polarizer 50 is perpendicular to the direction of the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer 40 , so as to realize the display of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • the backlight module 60 may be a direct type backlight module, and the backlight module 60 is disposed on a side of the second polarizer 50 away from the display panel 10 .
  • the side of the backlight module 60 close to the display panel 10 can also be provided with a collimation layer for reducing the light angle of the backlight module 60 so that the emitted light is more concentrated.
  • the backlight module 60 may also be an edge-type backlight module.
  • the reflective polarizing layer 40 also has a reflection function while having a polarization function, so that the ambient light with a large viewing angle is reflected into the human eye, reducing the large viewing angle. The visibility of the orientation display screen.
  • the reflective polarizing layer 40 includes a reflective surface, the reflective surface faces the liquid crystal dimming 20 , and the reflective polarizing layer 40 can make the Rays pass through, and rays perpendicular to the transmission axis are reflected back.
  • the ambient light with a large viewing angle passes through the first polarizer 30 and becomes linearly polarized light, and after passing through the liquid crystal layer 21, due to the phase adjustment effect of the liquid crystal layer 21 on the light with a large viewing angle , its polarization direction will be deflected by 90 degrees, and the light with a large viewing angle whose polarization state changes will be perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the reflective polarizing layer 40 and parallel to its reflection axis, so the polarized light will be reflected after reaching the reflective surface, and the reflected light will be in After passing through the liquid crystal layer 21, its polarization direction will be deflected by 90 degrees again and be parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 30, so the reflected light will exit from the display first polarizer 30 and enter the human eye, making large Visibility at viewing angles is further reduced, ultimately enhancing the anti-peep effect.
  • the polarization state of the ambient light at the normal viewing angle will not change after passing through the liquid crystal layer 21 , so it will directly pass through the reflective polarizing layer 40 and enter the display panel 10 without being reflected, and will not affect the display effect at the normal viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal layer 21 in the second display mode, is in a scattering state and has no phase regulation effect on polarized light, so it does not have a phase regulation effect on ambient light with a large viewing angle and a normal viewing angle, and the ambient light will not be
  • the reflection of the reflective polarizing layer 40 will directly pass through the reflective polarizing layer 40 , so the visibility of the display screen in the sharing mode will not be affected.
  • the reflective polarizing layer 40 may be an APCF (Advanced Polarization Conversion Film, highly polarized conversion film) polarizer.
  • the reflective polarizing layer 40 includes an absorbing polarizer and a polarizing reflective film disposed on the side of the absorbing polarizer close to the liquid crystal dimming box 20 , and the direction of the transmission axis of the absorbing polarizer is The direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer is the same, and the direction of the reflection axis of the polarized reflection film is the same as the direction of the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer.
  • the reflective polarizing layer 40 allows the light rays whose polarization direction is parallel to the transmission axis direction of the absorbing polarizer to pass through, and the light rays whose polarization direction is parallel to the reflection axis direction of the polarizing reflective film are reflected.
  • the reflective polarizing layer 40 includes a substrate 41 and a metal wire grid 42 disposed on the side of the substrate 41 close to the liquid crystal dimming box 20 , the The metal wire grid 42 includes a plurality of metal strips 421 arranged in parallel at intervals.
  • the arrangement direction of the plurality of metal strips 421 is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 30, and the extension direction (length direction) of the metal strips 421 is parallel to the light transmission axis (Y) of the first polarizer 30.
  • the metal wire grid direction is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 30 , in other words, the plurality of metal strips 421 are arranged along the Y-axis direction and parallel to the X-axis direction.
  • the light with a polarization direction parallel to the direction of the metal wire grid is reflected at the reflective filter layer 40 , and the light with a polarization direction perpendicular to the direction of the wire grid can be transmitted.
  • the width of the metal strip 421 may be 50-100 nanometers, and the height may be 100-300 nanometers.
  • the metal wire grid 42 efficiently and selectively transmits the light component of TM polarization (the polarization direction is perpendicular to the wire grid direction X, that is, P light), while reflecting off the TE polarization (the polarization direction is parallel to the wire grid direction Y , that is, the light component of S light), so it can be used as the reflective polarizing layer 40 .
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a display device 100, including a display panel 10, a liquid crystal dimming box 20 disposed on the light emitting side of the display panel 10, and a liquid crystal dimming box 20 disposed on the side away from the display panel.
  • the reflective polarizer 40 disposed between the first polarizer 30 and the display panel 10, wherein the reflective surface of the reflective polarizer 40 faces the
  • the above-mentioned liquid crystal dimming box 20, and the light transmission axis direction of the reflective polarizing layer 40 is the same as the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer 30, not only the anti-peeping function of the display device 100 can be realized, but also for large viewing angles
  • the ambient light has a reflection effect, which can further reduce the visibility of the display screen at a large viewing angle, and will not affect the display at the front viewing angle.

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Abstract

一种显示装置（100），包括依次层叠的显示面板（10）、液晶调光盒（20）、第一偏光片（30）、反射式偏光层（40），反射式偏光层（40）的反射面面向液晶调光盒（20），反射式偏光层（40）的透光轴方向与第一偏光片（30）的透光轴方向相同，不仅可实现显示装置（100）的防窥功能，且对于大视角的环境光具有反射作用，能够进一步降低大视角下的显示画面的可视性，且不会影响正视角的显示。

Description

显示装置 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示装置。
 背景技术
在快速发展的信息时代，人们开始越来越注重个人信息的保护。因此一类具有防窥功能的显示器应运而生，这类显示器可以仅让正视角的用户具有显示内容可读性，而对在侧面的旁观者则无法看见显示内容，有效保护了用户的信息隐私性。对于传统防窥显示需要安装一层防窥保护膜，防窥膜主要是基于百叶窗结构原理，这种防窥膜虽然可以实现防窥，但对显示装置的表面亮度有很大的衰减，存在较大的弊端。
 技术问题
本发明实施例提供一种显示装置，以解决现有的显示装置所具有的防窥膜，会导致显示装置的表面亮度衰减的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述问题，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
本发明实施例提供一种显示装置，包括：
显示面板；
液晶调光盒，设置于所述显示面板的出光侧，包括液晶层，所述液晶层包括聚合物网络和分散于所述聚合物网络中的液晶；
第一偏光片，设置于所述液晶调光盒背离所述显示面板的一侧；
反射式偏光层，设置于所述液晶调光盒和所述显示面板之间；以及
第二偏光片，背离所述显示面板的所述出光侧的一侧设置，所述第二偏光片的透光轴方向与所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向垂直；其中，
所述反射式偏光层的反射面面向所述液晶调光盒，且所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同；
所述聚合物网络沿第一方向排列，所述第一方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，所述显示装置包括第一显示模式，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿所述第一方向排列。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶的长轴与所述第一偏光片的法线所呈夹角为55°~89°。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述显示装置还包括第二显示模式，在所述第二显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿第二方向排列，所述第二方向和所述第一方向相异，所述显示装置在所述第二显示模式下的出光视角大于在所述第一模式下的出光视角。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述液晶调光盒还包括分别设置于所述液晶层两相对侧的第一电极和第二电极，在所述第一显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间电势相同，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间具有压差。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第二方向与所述第一偏光片的法线垂直或平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述反射式偏光层包括衬底和设置于所述衬底靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的金属线栅，所述金属线栅包括多个间隔且平行排列的金属条，多个所述金属条的排列方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述反射式偏光层包括吸收式偏光片以及设置于所述吸收式偏光片靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的偏振反射膜，所述吸收式偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的反射轴方向与所述吸收式偏光片的吸收轴方向相同。
本发明实施例还提供另一种显示装置，包括：
显示面板；
液晶调光盒，设置于所述显示面板的出光侧；
第一偏光片，设置于所述液晶调光盒背离所述显示面板的一侧；以及
反射式偏光层，设置于所述液晶调光盒和所述显示面板之间；其中，
所述反射式偏光层的反射面面向所述液晶调光盒，且所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述液晶调光盒包括液晶层，所述液晶层包括聚合物网络和分散于所述聚合物网络中的液晶，所述聚合物网络沿第一方向排列，且所述第一方向与所述第一偏光片的法线所呈夹角为锐角，所述显示装置包括第一显示模式，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿所述第一方向排列。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶的长轴与所述第一偏光片的法线所呈夹角为55°~89°。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述显示装置还包括第二显示模式，在所述第二显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿第二方向排列，所述第二方向和所述第一方向相异，所述显示装置在所述第二显示模式下的出光视角大于在所述第一模式下的出光视角。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述液晶调光盒还包括分别设置于所述液晶层两相对侧的第一电极和第二电极，在所述第一显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间电势相同，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间具有压差。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述液晶调光盒包括：
第一基板；
第二基板，与所述第二基板相对设置；
所述液晶层，夹设于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；
第一配向层，设于所述第一基板面向所述液晶层的一侧；以及
第二配向层，设于所述第二基板面向所述液晶层的一侧；其中，所述第一电极设置于所述第一基板与所述第一配向层之间，所述第二电极设置于所述第二基板与所述第二配向层之间。在本发明的一些实施例中，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第二方向与所述第一偏光片的法线垂直或平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述液晶包括正性液晶、负性液晶中的任意一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述反射式偏光层包括衬底和设置于所述衬底靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的金属线栅，所述金属线栅包括多个间隔且平行排列的金属条，多个所述金属条的排列方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述反射式偏光层包括吸收式偏光片以及设置于所述吸收式偏光片靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的偏振反射膜，所述吸收式偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的反射轴方向与所述吸收式偏光片的吸收轴方向相同。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述显示面板的背离所述出光侧的一侧还设置有第二偏光片，所述第二偏光片的透光轴方向与所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向垂直。
 有益效果
本发明提供的显示装置包括显示面板、设置于显示面板的出光侧的液晶调光盒、设置于液晶调光盒背离显示面板的一侧的第一偏光片，以及设置于第一偏光片和显示面板之间的反射式偏光层，其中，反射式偏光层的反射面面向液晶调光盒，且反射式偏光层的透光轴方向与第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同，不仅可实现显示装置的防窥功能，且对于大视角的环境光具有反射作用，能够进一步降低大视角下的显示画面的可视性，且不会影响正视角的显示。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的显示装置在第一显示模式下的背光出射路径的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的显示装置在第二显示模式下的背光出射路径的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的显示装置在第一显示模式下的大视角环境光传播路径的示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的显示装置在第二显示模式下的大视角环境光传播路径的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的反射式偏光层的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外，本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本申请提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供一种显示装置100，包括显示面板10、液晶调光盒20、第一偏光片30以及反射式偏光层40，其中，所述液晶调光盒20设置于所述显示面板10的出光侧，所述第一偏光片30设置于所述液晶调光盒20背离所述显示面板10的一侧，所述反射式偏光层40设置于所述液晶调光盒20和所述显示面板10之间，所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴方向相同。
可选地，在本发明实施例中，为方便说明，所述显示装置100所在的厚度方向可定义为Z轴方向（即第一偏光片30的法线方向），所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向和所述第一偏光片30的透光轴方向定义为Y轴方向，所述反射式偏光层40的吸光轴方向和所述第一偏光片30的吸光轴方向定义为X轴方向，其中，Z轴方向、Y轴方向以及X轴方向之间两两相互垂直。
所述液晶调光盒20包括液晶层21，所述液晶层21包括聚合物网络211和分散于所述聚合物网络211中的液晶212。本发明的显示装置包括第一显示模式，该第一显示模式可为防窥显示模式。在对液晶层21进行配向时，使得所述聚合物网络211和所述液晶212相对于所述第一偏光片30倾斜排列，且倾斜方向相同，所述聚合物网络211和所述液晶212在第一显示模式下均沿第一方向排列，所述第一方向相对于所述第一偏光片30的法线倾斜，即所述第一方向W与所述第一偏光片30的法线方向（Z轴方向）所呈夹角为锐角，即所述液晶层21的预倾角为锐角。
从所述显示面板10侧入射的线偏振光线经过所述液晶层21时，由于聚合物网络211和液晶212排列方向相同，聚合物网络211的折射率和液晶212的折射率相同，因此不发生光线散射，此状态为透明态。在该状态下，在大视角方向下的线偏振光的传播方向在XZ轴平面内且与Z轴成特定角，其振动方向在Y轴，大视角方向的线偏振光的振动平面与液晶分子的长轴之间存在夹角，在大视角方向沿Y轴方向振动的线偏振光在经过液晶层21时会同时经过液晶分子的长轴和短轴，因此会产生相位差，液晶层21对大视角的偏振光具有相位延迟效果，使入射的大视角的线偏振光发生偏振态转变，如图1所示。正视角方向（传播方向与Z轴方向相同）的线偏振光的振动方向在Y轴，其振动平面平行于液晶分子的长轴，液晶层21对垂直入射的线偏振光不具有相位延迟效果（此方向线偏振光只经过液晶分子的短轴，因此不产生相位差），该方向线偏振光偏振态不变。
因此，在第一显示模式下，大视角方向入射的线偏振光在经过液晶层21后的偏振方向会发生改变，而又由于入射液晶层21前的大视角的线偏振光的偏振方向是平行于所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向（Y轴方向），第一偏光片30的透光轴方向又与所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向平行，因此发生偏振态改变的大视角方向的线偏振光的振动方向不与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴平行，其光线会被第一偏光片30部分吸收或全部吸收；而正视角方向入射的线偏振光在经过液晶层21后的偏振方向不会发生改变，其偏振方向仍然平行于反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向，因此正视角方向入射的线偏振光可通过所述第一偏光片30到达人眼，从而使得观察者在正视角方向观看显示装置时，显示画面不受影响，在大视角方向观看显示装置时，显示画面的亮度降低甚至呈现暗态。
在所述显示装置100处于第一显示模式下，所述液晶212的长轴在所述第一偏光片30上的正投影与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴（Y轴）平行。
所述液晶调光盒20包括相对设置的第一基板22和第二基板23，所述液晶层21夹设于所述第一基板22和所述第二基板23之间。所述液晶调光盒20还包括设置于所述第一基板22面向所述液晶层21一侧的第一配向层，以及设置于所述第二基板23面向所述液晶层21一侧的第二配向层，所述第一配向层和所述第二配向层均包括多个沟槽，且所述第一配向层的沟槽的排列方向与所述第二配向层的沟槽的排列方向相同。
所述第一配向层和所述第二配向层用以对所述液晶层21的液晶分子进行配向，在其他实施例中，也可采用压印等其他方式对液晶进行配向，形成预倾角。
在本发明的实施例中，所述液晶层21的厚度d可满足以下公式：Δn×d=λ/2+nλ，使得液晶层21成为二分之一波片。其中，Δn为液晶层21中的液晶的双折射率之差，λ为可见光在真空中的波长，n为大于或等于零的整数。
更进一步地，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶212的长轴与所述第一偏光片30的法线所呈夹角为55°~89°，对于大视角方向的线偏振光具有较好的阻挡作用。
更具体地，所述液晶212的长轴与所述第一偏光片30的法线所呈夹角可为65°，在此夹角下，45°方向入射的线偏振光的振动平面与液晶212的长轴之间所呈夹角为45°，使得45°方向入射的线偏振光经过液晶层21后，其振动方向偏转90°，与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴垂直，因此45°方向入射的线偏振光会被第一偏光片30完全吸收，视觉上呈现出极低亮度的暗态，其他斜视角度的效果介于正视和45°斜视效果之间，进而达到防窥视的效果。
请参阅图2，本发明实施例的显示装置还可包括第二显示模式，所述第二显示模式可为分享模式。在所述第二显示模式下，所述液晶212的长轴沿第二方向排列，所述第二方向和所述第一方向W相异，所述显示装置在所述第二显示模式下的出光视角大于在所述第一模式下的出光视角。
由于在第二显示模式下，所述聚合物网络211沿所述第一方向排列，所述液晶212的长轴沿第二方向排列，光线经过该状态下的液晶层21时，聚合物网络211与液晶212之间产生折射率差异，光线会发生散射，可扩大出射光的视角范围。
更进一步地，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第二方向与所述第一偏光片30的法线（Z轴方向）垂直或平行，即所述液晶212的长轴平行于所述第一偏光片30排列，或所述液晶212的长轴垂直于所述第一偏光片30，即液晶212平行取向或垂直取向。
所述液晶调光盒20还包括分别设置于所述液晶层21两相对侧的第一电极和第二电极。具体地，所述第一电极设置于所述第一基板22与所述第一配向层之间，所述第二电极设置于所述第二基板23与所述第二配向层之间。
在所述第一显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间电势相同，即所述液晶层21不受电场作用，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间具有压差，即所述液晶层21受电场作用。
请继续参阅图2，所述液晶212可为负性液晶，所述液晶层21在电场作用下发生偏转，使得液晶分子的长轴平行于第一偏光片30排列，具体地，可平行于Y轴排列。在第二显示模式下，由于液晶212的长轴排平行于第一偏光片30排列，聚合物网络211的排列方向不变，因此液晶层21会发生光散射，垂直入射和大视角入射的偏振光在进入液晶层21后均不发生相位延迟，光线的偏振态不会发生改变，从而直接从第一偏光片30出射出去，实现广视角的分享模式。且液晶层21具有一定的散射作用，可使得出射光的视角范围更均匀化，对于广视角出光具有增益效果。
在其他实施例中，所述液晶可为正性液晶，所述液晶层21在电场作用下垂直于第一偏光片30取向，液晶212与聚合物211之间也会有折射率差异，因此该状态下的液晶层21同样会发生光散射，不会改变偏振光的偏振态，实现广视角显示模式。
因此，本发明实施例提供的显示装置的防窥显示模式，相对于百叶窗结构的防窥膜，不会对显示装置的表面亮度产生影响，且本发明实施例提供的显示装置还能应用于广视角的分享模式，在防窥和广视角模式之间来回切换，满足不同的应用场景。
在本发明的实施例中，所述显示面板10可为有机电致发光二极管显示面板，还可为液晶显示面板。本发明实施例以液晶显示面板为例进行说明，对应地，所述显示装置100还包括第二偏光片50和背光模组60，所述第二偏光片50设置于所述显示面板10的背离其出光侧的一侧，所述第二偏光片50的透光轴方向与所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向垂直，以实现液晶显示面板的显示。所述背光模组60可为直下式背光模组，所述背光模组60设置于所述第二偏光片50背离所述显示面板10的一侧。所述背光模组60靠近所述显示面板10的一侧还可设置准直层，用于缩小背光模组60的出光角度，使得出射的光线更汇聚。在其他实施例中，所述背光模组60还可为侧入式背光模组。
请参阅图3，为进一步实现第一显示模式下的防窥效果，所述反射式偏光层40在具有偏振功能的同时还具有反射功能，使得大视角的环境光反射进入人眼，降低大视角方向的显示画面的可视性。
具体地，所述反射式偏光层40包括一反射面，所述反射面面向所述液晶调光20，所述反射式偏光层40能够使得平行于所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴的光线穿过，垂直于透光轴的光线被反射回去。
如图3所示，在第一显示模式下，对于大视角的环境光线经过第一偏光片30后变为线偏振光，经过液晶层21后，由于液晶层21对大视角光线的相位调节作用，其偏振方向会偏转90度，偏振态发生改变的大视角光线会与反射式偏光层40的透光轴垂直，与其反射轴平行，因此该偏振光到达反射面后会被反射，反射光在经过液晶层21后，其偏振方向会再一次被偏转90度，并且与第一偏光片30的透光轴平行，因此该反射光线会从显示第一偏光片30射出而进入人眼，使大视角下的可视性进一步降低，最终增强防窥效果。而对于正视角的环境光线经过液晶层21后其偏振态不会发生改变，因而会直接透过反射式偏光层40进入显示面板10内部而不会被反射，不会影响正视角的显示效果。
如图4所示，在第二显示模式下，液晶层21为散射态，对偏振光不具有相位调控作用，因此对于大视角和正视角的环境光不具有相位调控作用，该环境光不会被反射式偏光层40反射，会直接透过反射式偏光层40，因此在分享模式下的显示画面的可视性不会受到影响。
在一些实施例中，所述反射式偏光层40可为APCF（Advanced Polarization Conversion Film，高度偏光转换薄膜）偏光片。具体地，所述反射式偏光层40包括吸收式偏光片以及设置于所述吸收式偏光片靠近所述液晶调光盒20一侧的偏振反射膜，所述吸收式偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的反射轴方向与所述吸收式偏光片的吸收轴方向相同。所述反射式偏光层40允许偏振方向与吸收式偏光片的透光轴方向平行的光线透过，偏振方向与所述偏振反射膜的反射轴方向平行的光线发生反射。
在其他一些实施例中，如图5所示，所述反射式偏光层40包括衬底41和设置于所述衬底41靠近所述液晶调光盒20一侧的金属线栅42，所述金属线栅42包括多个间隔且平行排列的金属条421。多个所述金属条421的排列方向与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴平行，所述金属条421的延伸方向（长度方向）与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴（Y轴方向）垂直，即金属线栅方向垂直于第一偏光片30的透光轴，换言之，多个所述金属条421沿Y轴方向排列，沿X轴方向平行。偏振方向与金属线栅方向平行的光线在所述反射式滤光层40处发生反射，偏振方向垂直于该线栅方向的光线可透射。其中，所述金属条421的宽度可为50~100纳米，高度可为100~300纳米。
如图5所示，金属线栅42高效地选择性透过TM偏振（偏振方向垂直于线栅方向X，即P光）的光分量，而反射掉TE偏振（偏振方向平行于线栅方向Y，即S光）的光分量，因此可以用作反射式偏光层40。
综上，本发明实施例提供一种显示装置100，包括显示面板10、设置于所述显示面板10的出光侧的液晶调光盒20、设置于所述液晶调光盒20背离所述显示面板10的一侧的第一偏光片30，以及设置于所述第一偏光片30和所述显示面板10之间的反射式偏光层40，其中，所述反射式偏光层40的反射面面向所述液晶调光盒20，且所述反射式偏光层40的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片30的透光轴方向相同，不仅可实现显示装置100的防窥功能，且对于大视角的环境光具有反射作用，能够进一步降低大视角下的显示画面的可视性，且不会影响正视角的显示。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的一种显示装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的技术方案及其核心思想；本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例的技术方案的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示装置，包括：
    显示面板；
    液晶调光盒，设置于所述显示面板的出光侧，包括液晶层，所述液晶层包括聚合物网络和分散于所述聚合物网络中的液晶；
    第一偏光片，设置于所述液晶调光盒背离所述显示面板的一侧；
    反射式偏光层，设置于所述液晶调光盒和所述显示面板之间；以及
    第二偏光片，背离所述显示面板的所述出光侧的一侧设置，所述第二偏光片的透光轴方向与所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向垂直；其中，
    所述反射式偏光层的反射面面向所述液晶调光盒，且所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同；
    所述聚合物网络沿第一方向排列，所述第一方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，所述显示装置包括第一显示模式，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿所述第一方向排列。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶的长轴与所述第一偏光片的法线所呈夹角为55°~89°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括第二显示模式，在所述第二显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿第二方向排列，所述第二方向和所述第一方向相异，所述显示装置在所述第二显示模式下的出光视角大于在所述第一模式下的出光视角。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶调光盒还包括分别设置于所述液晶层两相对侧的第一电极和第二电极，在所述第一显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间电势相同，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间具有压差。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第二方向与所述第一偏光片的法线垂直或平行。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射式偏光层包括衬底和设置于所述衬底靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的金属线栅，所述金属线栅包括多个间隔且平行排列的金属条，多个所述金属条的排列方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向平行。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射式偏光层包括吸收式偏光片以及设置于所述吸收式偏光片靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的偏振反射膜，所述吸收式偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的反射轴方向与所述吸收式偏光片的吸收轴方向相同。
  9. 一种显示装置，包括：
    显示面板；
    液晶调光盒，设置于所述显示面板的出光侧；
    第一偏光片，设置于所述液晶调光盒背离所述显示面板的一侧；以及
    反射式偏光层，设置于所述液晶调光盒和所述显示面板之间；其中，
    所述反射式偏光层的反射面面向所述液晶调光盒，且所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶调光盒包括液晶层，所述液晶层包括聚合物网络和分散于所述聚合物网络中的液晶，所述聚合物网络沿第一方向排列，所述第一方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，所述显示装置包括第一显示模式，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿所述第一方向排列。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第一显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶的长轴与所述第一偏光片的法线所呈夹角为55°~89°。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括第二显示模式，在所述第二显示模式下，所述液晶的长轴沿第二方向排列，所述第二方向和所述第一方向相异，所述显示装置在所述第二显示模式下的出光视角大于在所述第一模式下的出光视角。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶调光盒还包括分别设置于所述液晶层两相对侧的第一电极和第二电极，在所述第一显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间电势相同，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间具有压差。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶调光盒包括：
    第一基板；
    第二基板，与所述第二基板相对设置；
    所述液晶层，夹设于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；
    第一配向层，设于所述第一基板面向所述液晶层的一侧；以及
    第二配向层，设于所述第二基板面向所述液晶层的一侧；其中，所述第一电极设置于所述第一基板与所述第一配向层之间，所述第二电极设置于所述第二基板与所述第二配向层之间。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第二显示模式下，所述第二方向与所述第一偏光片的法线垂直或平行。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶包括正性液晶、负性液晶中的任意一种。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射式偏光层包括衬底和设置于所述衬底靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的金属线栅，所述金属线栅包括多个间隔且平行排列的金属条，多个所述金属条的排列方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向平行。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射式偏光层包括吸收式偏光片以及设置于所述吸收式偏光片靠近所述液晶调光盒一侧的偏振反射膜，所述吸收式偏光片的透光轴方向与所述第一偏光片的透光轴方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的反射轴方向与所述吸收式偏光片的吸收轴方向相同。
  20. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板的背离所述出光侧的一侧还设置有第二偏光片，所述第二偏光片的透光轴方向与所述反射式偏光层的透光轴方向垂直。
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