WO2023102971A1 - 一种锂离子电池组件及浇封方法 - Google Patents

一种锂离子电池组件及浇封方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023102971A1
WO2023102971A1 PCT/CN2021/138204 CN2021138204W WO2023102971A1 WO 2023102971 A1 WO2023102971 A1 WO 2023102971A1 CN 2021138204 W CN2021138204 W CN 2021138204W WO 2023102971 A1 WO2023102971 A1 WO 2023102971A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium
ion battery
potting
battery
box
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PCT/CN2021/138204
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
臧财运
郭泽海
王彩燕
朱胜强
钱柄旭
闵建中
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中煤科工集团上海有限公司
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Publication of WO2023102971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023102971A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to lithium-ion battery pouring technology.
  • lithium-ion batteries are mainly reflected in high energy density, stable discharge characteristics, and long cycle life, and are widely used as power sources for various equipment.
  • a lithium-ion battery is misused and abused due to overcharge, overdischarge, high temperature, short circuit, mechanical shock, etc. during use, a destructive exothermic chemical reaction occurs inside the battery and the heat generated exceeds its heat dissipation rate.
  • the heat will quickly accumulate inside the battery and generate pressure, thereby accelerating the speed of the chemical reaction inside the battery, and then forming a vicious circle to make the failure situation more serious. If this process is not alleviated in time, the lithium battery will experience thermal runaway until the battery ruptures, releases a large amount of flammable and toxic gases, catches fire and explodes.
  • a safety valve is usually set between the positive and negative poles, as an important safety device to alleviate the deterioration process of lithium-ion batteries when they fail, and avoid serious accidents. Therefore, ensuring the reliable opening of the safety valve plays a vital role in the safety of lithium batteries.
  • the temperature of the battery surface and poles, and exposed live parts may become ignition sources under abnormal conditions and ignite explosive environments.
  • the potting type is a commonly used method. According to the requirements of the GB3836.9 standard, it is necessary to ensure both the thickness of the potting and the properties of the potting compound. However, since the battery poles and connectors are higher than the safety valve, if the battery poles and connectors are sealed according to the requirements for protecting the battery poles and connectors, the sealing layer of the safety valve will be very thick, causing the safety valve to fail to open when it needs to be opened.
  • the existing method is generally divided into two or more times of potting. First, the potting compound is injected into the box to be loaded with the battery to a specified height, and then the battery is loaded to block the position of the safety valve, and the potting compound is injected again to seal the battery. Then try to cast a layer on the top of the safety valve, so that the thickness of the sealing layer of the safety valve is not only the thickness required by the mask standard, but also does not affect the opening of the safety valve.
  • the existing encapsulation process is complex and inefficient, and the joint surfaces of multiple encapsulations may not fuse to form an isolation layer, which makes it difficult to guarantee the encapsulation quality.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a casting solution of lithium-ion batteries, which can realize one-time casting of lithium-ion batteries, with high efficiency.
  • High-quality and high-quality it not only meets the sealing requirements stipulated in the standard, but also does not affect the opening of the safety valve.
  • the present invention provides a lithium ion battery assembly, which includes a box body, a support assembly, at least one lithium ion battery, a protective cover and a potting compound;
  • the support assembly is arranged in the box to form a lithium-ion battery placement area
  • the at least one lithium-ion battery is placed in the placement area formed by the support assembly, and forms a sealing space with the inner wall and the bottom of the box;
  • the protective cover is arranged on the safety valve of the lithium-ion battery
  • the potting compound is injected into the box at one time and fills the gap between the battery, the box body and the battery, and is formed into a potting body at one time, and the potting body formed at one time covers the entire outer surface of the lithium ion battery.
  • the protective cover includes a cover body and a cover plate, the cover body is a through-hole structure, and can be covered on the safety valve of the lithium-ion battery, and the cover plate is detachably arranged on the cover body.
  • the once-molded potting body also covers the charged parts and bare metal parts on the lithium-ion battery.
  • the support assembly can form a placement area for an overhead structure in the box.
  • the support assembly as a whole is an insulating structure.
  • separators are provided between adjacent lithium ion batteries.
  • the potting compound is once injected into the box in which at least one lithium-ion battery is placed.
  • the invention provides a lithium ion battery potting method, the potting method comprising:
  • At least one lithium-ion battery is placed overhead in the box, and a potting space is formed between the lithium-ion battery and the inner wall and bottom of the box;
  • a protective cover is provided on the safety valve of each lithium-ion battery to form an openable protective chamber for the safety valve.
  • separators are provided between adjacent lithium-ion batteries.
  • the encapsulation method completes the encapsulation once, and encloses the battery surface, charged parts, and exposed metal parts in the encapsulation compound.
  • the potting compound adopts silicone potting glue.
  • the lithium-ion battery casting solution provided by the present invention can realize all the sealing of one or more batteries and auxiliary parts in the compound through one-time sealing, so that the sealing thickness of different parts of the battery, insulation from the battery box, etc.
  • the index meets the standard requirements, the casting process is simplified, and the quality and efficiency of casting are greatly improved.
  • This lithium-ion battery casting solution is especially important for large-scale lithium-ion battery power supplies, including dozens to hundreds of single lithium-ion batteries, and has broad application prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is the assembly explosion diagram of lithium ion battery case in the example of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the assembled sectional view of lithium-ion battery case in the example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the battery holder in the example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery support bar in an example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of safety valve protective cover in the example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram after pouring and sealing of the lithium-ion battery case in the example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is the effect diagram of one-time potting of 10 lithium-ion batteries in the example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an effect diagram of primary encapsulation of 50 lithium-ion batteries in the example of the present invention.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various equipment, instruments and other power sources, but lithium-ion battery power supplies used in explosive environments (such as coal mines, chemical enterprises, explosive dust places, etc.) must meet explosion-proof requirements; due to the current standards for lithium-ion batteries
  • the structure and other requirements of the power supply are not specific, so it may be the future development direction to adopt comprehensive explosion-proof protection types (explosion-proof types include explosion-proof type, intrinsically safe type, potting type, increased safety type, oil-immersed type, sand-filled type, etc.).
  • the potting type may be the most promising type of explosion-proof protection in the future.
  • Encapsulation requires enclosing the battery and its external connectors in the encapsulation compound to achieve a certain thickness, strength, etc., and requires insulation from the battery box. Furthermore, for the compound used for encapsulation, due to the high hardness of the epoxy resin after curing, most of them are encapsulated with epoxy resin at present, but it is difficult to disassemble the battery with this encapsulation.
  • Lithium-ion batteries will experience thermal runaway under abnormal conditions, accompanied by a rapid pressure release, and may even explode and catch fire.
  • the safety valve is the weak link of the lithium-ion battery. When the pressure rises to the set value, the safety valve opens to release the pressure and avoid the expansion of the consequences of thermal runaway. Since the height of the battery post plus connectors is higher than the safety valve, if the battery is fully sealed, the thickness of the upper part of the safety valve will be very thick after casting, so the safety valve may lose its pressure release function. At the same time, the sealing around the battery and the bottom is also a problem.
  • the present invention proposes a lithium-ion battery casting solution, which realizes that the battery and auxiliary parts are all sealed in the compound through one-time casting, so that the casting thickness of different parts of the battery, insulation from the battery box, etc.
  • the indicators meet the standard requirements, which not only simplifies the sealing process, but also improves the quality and efficiency of the sealing.
  • the lithium-ion battery to be sealed is placed in the box in an overhead structure, and a casting space is formed between the lithium-ion battery and the inner wall and bottom of the box; at the same time, each lithium-ion battery A protective cover is arranged on the safety valve of the ion battery to form an openable protective chamber at the safety valve.
  • the potting compound is injected into the box at one time to fill the gap between the battery and the box and the battery until the potting surface reaches the specified height.
  • the casting of one or more lithium-ion batteries can be completed by one-time casting, and the casting thickness of the lithium-ion batteries can meet the standard requirements, simplify the casting process, and improve production efficiency.
  • the present invention also provides a lithium-ion battery box scheme, and the lithium-ion battery box can cooperate with implementing the lithium-ion battery primary pouring and sealing scheme provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 it shows an exemplary embodiment of the lithium-ion battery box provided by the present invention.
  • the lithium-ion battery box in this example solution is mainly composed of a box body 8, a box cover 1, a number of lithium-ion batteries 4, a protective cover 2, a fixing frame 6, and a support bar 7.
  • the box body 8 cooperates with the box cover 1 to form a box assembly for constituting a placement space and carrying other components.
  • the specific composition and structure of the box body 8 and the box cover 1 are not limited, and may be determined according to actual needs.
  • the box body 8 here adopts a square structure, and a connecting flange is formed at the port for fixed connection with the box cover 1 .
  • the fixed frame 6 and the support bar 7 are used to cooperate in the box body 8 to form a corresponding support assembly for placing the lithium-ion battery 4, so that the lithium-ion battery is placed overhead in the box, so that each piece of lithium A potting space is formed between the ion battery, the inner wall and the bottom of the box body.
  • the fixing frame 6 is matched with the quantity of the lithium-ion batteries 4 to be assembled to form a corresponding placement area, and the lithium-ion batteries 4 to be assembled are arranged to fix the placement position of the lithium-ion batteries 4 .
  • a certain limit is formed on the lithium-ion battery 4 to be assembled to ensure the reliability of subsequent potting.
  • FIG. 3 it shows an example scheme of the composition of the fixing frame 6 adopted in this example scheme.
  • the fixing frame 6 as a whole adopts a square frame structure composed of four side plates, and at the same time, a number of slots 62 are provided at the bottom of each side plate 61, so that when casting, the corresponding potting compound can pass through the slots 62. flow.
  • the setting scheme of the slot 62 at the bottom of the fixing frame 6, such as the size, shape, and distribution scheme, is not limited, and can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the scheme shown in the figure adopts a circular arc slot structure distributed equidistantly.
  • the fixing frame 6 is made of non-metallic insulating material or metal material during specific implementation. When metal materials are used, the surface in contact with the battery is covered with an insulating layer or isolated with an insulating material.
  • corresponding support bars 7 are set in the placement area formed by the fixing frame 6 to support the lithium-ion battery 4 to be assembled, so that the lithium-ion battery 4 to be assembled does not In contact with the bottom of the box, a potting space is formed between the two.
  • FIG. 4 it shows an exemplary configuration of the support bar 7 used in this exemplary solution.
  • the support bar 7 adopts a strip-shaped structure as a whole, and its thickness is the same as the thickness of the encapsulation layer that needs to be formed at the bottom of the lithium-ion battery 4.
  • the length and width of the support bar 7 can be determined according to actual needs, and are not limited here.
  • a number of diversion grooves 71 are formed at the bottom of the support bar 7 so as to allow the potting compound to flow and fill at the bottom of the lithium-ion battery 4 during potting.
  • the setting plan of the diversion groove 71 at the bottom of the support bar 7, such as the size, shape, and distribution plan, is not limited, and can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the illustrated solution adopts a square groove structure distributed equidistantly perpendicular to the extending direction of the support bars 7 .
  • the support bar 7 is made of insulating material during specific implementation.
  • the fixing bracket 6 With a groove at the bottom is installed at a set position in the battery case 8 .
  • a grooved support bar 7 will be installed in the fixed frame 6 .
  • the number of support bars 7 can be determined according to the number of lithium-ion batteries 4 that need to be assembled.
  • an even number of support bars 7 is preferably divided into two groups and arranged side by side in the fixed frame 6 , and the plurality of support bars 7 in each group are arranged in sequence along the length direction (as shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the support bar 7 here is preferably fixed at a specified position in the fixed frame 6 by pasting, with the grooved side facing down, but it is not limited to this fixed setting mode.
  • the fixed frame 6 arranged in this way cooperates with the support bar 7 inside to form a corresponding support assembly, to place and support the lithium ion battery 4 to be assembled, and to fix the placement position of the lithium ion battery 4 to be assembled by the fixed frame 6, and at the same time
  • the supporting bar 7 at the bottom forms a support for the lithium-ion battery 4 to be assembled, so that the lithium-ion battery 4 to be assembled is arranged in the casing 8 in an overhead structure, so that the lithium-ion battery 4 to be assembled is not separated from the casing
  • the bottoms of the two are in contact, forming a potting space between the two.
  • the injected potting compound can flow and fill in the bottom of the lithium-ion battery 4 through the groove at the bottom of the fixing frame 6 and the diversion groove 71 at the bottom of the support bar 7, so that the desired structure can be formed. thickness of the encapsulation layer.
  • a protective cover 2 is also provided for the safety valve on the lithium-ion battery 4, which is used to control the molding thickness of the corresponding casting compound on the safety valve of the lithium-ion battery during one-time casting, so as to ensure that the safety valve of the ion battery is functional and working properly.
  • the protective cover 2 is sleeved on the safety valve on each lithium-ion battery 4 to form an openable protective chamber around the safety valve, so that when casting, the injected sealing compound cannot flow due to the protection of the protective chamber.
  • the corresponding casting layer can only be formed outside the protective cavity; on this basis, the thickness of the sealing layer formed outside the protective cavity is effectively controlled by the height of the protective cavity, so that when the safety valve is opened, the inside of the protective cavity
  • the protective cavity and the casting layer covering it can be effectively pushed open under the action of pressure, ensuring the effect of safety protection without affecting the performance of the safety valve at all.
  • the protective cover 2 is mainly composed of a cover body 21 and a cover cover 22 .
  • the cover body 21 adopts a hollow structure, which communicates up and down, the bottom port is used to cover the safety valve, and the top port cooperates with the cover 22 to realize a detachable sealing structure.
  • the configuration of the cover body 21 is not limited, and its shape and internal size can be set according to requirements, such as cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical, square, etc., as examples.
  • the height of the cover body 21 is determined according to the height after casting.
  • the cover body 21 provided is a hollow cylindrical shape as a whole, and corresponding flange structures are provided at the two ports to facilitate the assembly, setting and fixing of the safety valve.
  • a corresponding counterbore structure is formed on the top port of the cover body 21 for placing the cover cover 22, so that the cover cover 22 can be integrally embedded in the port of the cover body 21.
  • the end faces of the body 21 are flush to ensure the reliability of subsequent potting.
  • the cover 22 in this example scheme cooperates with the top port of the cover body 21 as a whole, so as to block the port and form a protective cavity in the cover body 21 to prevent the pouring compound from flowing into the cover body 21 .
  • composition scheme of the cover 22 is not limited, and can be determined according to actual needs. Also taking the solution shown in FIG. 5 as an example, in accordance with the structure of the cover body 21 , the cover 22 in this example solution adopts a disc structure.
  • the protective cover 2 formed by the cooperation of the cover body 21 and the cover cover 22 given in this example scheme, it is set on the safety valve through the cover body 21, and the upper part of the cover body 21 is blocked by the cover cover 22 to realize the protective cover 2 as a whole.
  • the cover is arranged on the upper part of the battery safety valve, forming a protective cavity around the safety valve.
  • the poured sealing compound cannot enter in the cover body 21 based on the blocking of the cover 22, and a corresponding casting layer will be formed on the outside of the protective cover 2, and the thickness of the formed sealing layer can be passed through the cover body. 21 for height adjustment.
  • the pressure in the protective chamber increases, and under the action of pressure, the cover 22 on the top of the cover body 21 and the casting layer covering it can be effectively pushed away to ensure the effect of safety protection without affecting the safety valve at all. effectiveness.
  • lithium-ion batteries 4 in this example solution when assembling, put the lithium-ion batteries 4 into the fixing frame 6 and arrange them on the support bars 7 (as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ).
  • a separator 5 is inserted between adjacent lithium-ion batteries 4 so that the adjacent lithium-ion batteries 4 do not directly contact each other, and insulation and heat insulation between adjacent lithium-ion batteries 4 are realized.
  • the separator 5 preferably adopts a flat plate structure made of non-metallic materials, and the length and width of the separator are matched with the corresponding lithium-ion batteries 4 to realize insulation and heat insulation between adjacent batteries.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium-ion batteries are further connected through the battery connecting piece 3 to form a battery pack.
  • the configuration scheme of the battery connecting piece 3 here is not limited, and can be determined according to actual needs.
  • connection combination mode is not limited here, and may be determined according to actual needs.
  • multiple lithium-ion batteries 4 can be connected in series or in parallel to form a battery pack.
  • the protective cover 2 of the safety valve on each lithium-ion battery 4 can be set before each lithium-ion battery 4 is assembled; it can be set after all the lithium-ion batteries 4 are assembled according to the needs, which can be specified according to It depends on actual needs.
  • the assembly of the lithium-ion battery box should be completed according to the aforementioned scheme before casting.
  • the prepared potting compound can be directly injected into the box until the potting surface reaches the specified height. In this way, the potting is completed at one time, and the battery surface, charged parts, and exposed metal parts are all sealed in the potting compound.
  • the case cover 1 and the case body 8 are sealed and fixedly connected to form the final lithium-ion battery case.
  • silicone potting compound it is preferable to use silicone potting compound in this example, so that it can be unpacked after potting, which is convenient for battery cascade utilization.
  • the lithium-ion battery box solution given in this example by installing a fixed frame with a groove at the bottom in the battery box, installing a battery support bar with a groove at the bottom in the fixed frame, and installing a protective cover on the upper part of the safety valve, it only needs to be poured once.
  • the sealing compound is injected into the battery box, and all the surfaces of the battery, the charged parts, and the exposed metal parts can be potted in the potting compound, so that the potting thickness of the lithium-ion battery meets the standard requirements, which not only meets the standard requirements for potting,
  • the pouring and sealing process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved without affecting the opening of the safety valve.
  • the metal material is used, and the periphery of the fixing frame is spot welded at the specified position in the box, and an epoxy resin plate is pasted on the inner surface of the fixing frame (the contact surface with the battery) to insulate the battery.
  • the length of the support bar is determined according to actual needs, and a number of battery support bars 7 are divided into two rows and distributed in the fixed frame 6 side by side.
  • two supporting bars at the bottom of each lithium-ion battery 4 are realized.
  • Lithium-ion battery 4 is thus set overhead in the casing, thereby forming a sealing space between each lithium-ion battery 4 and the inner wall and bottom of casing 8, and the size of the space here can be determined according to actual index requirements.
  • Separators 5 are inserted between adjacent lithium ion batteries 4 to provide insulation and heat insulation between adjacent lithium ion batteries 4 .
  • a corresponding protective cover 2 is sleeved on the safety valve on each lithium-ion battery 4 .
  • the flat bottom surface of the safety valve protective cover 2 is pasted on the safety valve top, and the cover is covered to form a protective cavity around the safety valve.
  • a plurality of lithium-ion batteries 4 are connected (for example, connected in series or in parallel) through the battery connecting piece 3 to form a battery pack.
  • the case cover 1 is connected to the case body 8 through connecting bolts, and the case body 8 is sealed to obtain the final lithium-ion battery case (as shown in FIG. 6 ).
  • the potting of the battery is completed at one time, and the battery surface, charged parts, and exposed metal parts are all sealed in the potting compound, without any secondary or multiple potting, and the lithium-ion battery is realized through one-time potting.
  • the casting thickness meets the standard requirements, the casting process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.
  • FIG. 7 it shows an effect diagram of primary encapsulation of 10 lithium-ion batteries based on the primary encapsulation method for lithium-ion batteries.
  • FIG. 8 it shows an effect diagram of primary sealing of 50 lithium-ion batteries based on the primary sealing method of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the lithium-ion battery casting solution provided by the present invention it is possible to encapsulate all the batteries and auxiliary parts in the compound through one-time casting, so that multiple indicators such as the casting thickness of different parts of the battery and the insulation from the battery box can be realized. It meets the standard requirements, simplifies the casting process, and improves the casting quality and efficiency, especially for large-scale lithium-ion battery power supplies (including dozens to hundreds of single lithium-ion batteries), and has broad application prospects.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种锂离子电池组件及浇封方法，本方案将至少一块锂离子电池架空的设置在箱体内，并在锂离子电池与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间；将浇封化合物一次注入箱体内，填充电池与箱体、电池之间的缝隙，直到浇封面达到规定高度。本发明提供的锂离子电池浇封方案，可实现通过一次浇封将一个或多个电池及附属零部件全部浇封在化合物内，使电池不同部位的浇封厚度、与电池箱绝缘等多项指标满足标准要求，简化浇封工艺，大大提高浇封质量和效率。

Description

一种锂离子电池组件及浇封方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域，具体涉及锂离子电池浇封技术。
背景技术
锂离子电池的优点主要体现在能量密度高、放电特性平稳、循环寿命长，被广泛用作各类设备电源。当锂离子电池在使用过程中因过充电、过放电、高温、短路、机械冲击等误用和滥用异常情况的出现导致其内部发生破坏性放热化学反应且产生的热量超过其散热速度时，热量就会在电池内部快速积聚并产生压力，从而加速电池内部化学反应的速度，进而形成恶性循环使故障情况更加严重。若这一过程得不到及时缓解，锂电池就会发生热失控，直至电池破裂、释放大量的可燃和有毒气体和起火、爆炸。因此在锂离子电池的设计过程中通常会在正负极柱之间设置安全阀，作为重要安全装置缓解锂离子电池发生故障时的恶化过程，避免造成严重事故。因此，保证安全阀的可靠开启对锂电池的安全起到至关重要的作用。
此外，在爆炸性环境(如煤矿、化工企业等)应用的锂离子电池，电池表面和极柱温度、裸露的带电部位等在异常情况下可能成为点火源，点燃爆炸性环境。
为避免锂离子电池在爆炸性环境成为点火源，可以采用多种防爆型式，其中浇封型是一种常用的方式。按GB3836.9标准要求，既要保证浇封厚度，又要保证浇封化合物的各项性能。但由于电池极柱及连接件高于安全阀，若按保护电池极柱及连接件的要求浇封，安全阀的浇封层将很厚，导致安全阀在需要开启的时候不能开启。
现有方法一般分两次或多次浇封，先在准备装电池的箱体内注入浇封化合物并达到规定高度，然后装入电池，挡住安全阀位置，再次注入浇封化合物浇封电池，最后再设法在安全阀上部浇封一层，使安全阀的浇封层既面罩标准要求的厚度，又不影响安全阀的开启。现有浇封工艺复杂，效率低，而且多次浇 封的接合面可能不融合，形成隔离层，难以保证浇封质量。
发明内容
针对现有应用于爆炸性环境的锂离子电池的浇封方案所存在的工艺复杂，效率低的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种锂离子电池浇封方案，实现锂离子电池一次浇封，效率高且质量高，既满足标准规定的浇封要求，同时又不影响安全阀的开启。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种锂离子电池组件，其包括箱体、支撑组件、至少一块锂离子电池、防护罩以及浇封化合物；
所述支撑组件设置在箱体内，形成锂离子电池安置区域；
所述至少一块锂离子电池安置在所述支撑组件形成的安置区域内，并与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间；
所述防护罩设置在锂离子电池的安全阀上；
所述浇封化合物一次注入箱体内且填充电池与箱体、电池之间的缝隙，并一次成型形成浇封体，一次成型的浇封体覆盖住锂离子电池整个外表面。
进一步的，所述防护罩包括罩体以及盖板，所述罩体为通孔结构，并可罩设在锂离子电池的安全阀上，所述盖板可卸的设置在罩体上。
进一步的，所述一次成型的浇封体还覆盖住锂离子电池上的带电部位、裸露金属件。
进一步的，所述支撑组件可在箱体内形成架空结构的安置区域。
进一步的，所述支撑组件整体为绝缘结构。
进一步的，相邻锂离子电池之间设置有隔板。
进一步的，所述浇封化合物一次注入安置有至少一块锂离子电池的箱体内。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种锂离子电池浇封方法，所述浇封方法包括：
将至少一块锂离子电池架空的设置在箱体内，并在锂离子电池与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间；
将浇封化合物一次注入箱体内，填充电池与箱体、电池之间的缝隙，直到 浇封面达到规定高度。
进一步的，所述浇封方法在每块锂离子电池的安全阀上设置防护罩，对安全阀形成可打开的防护腔。
进一步的，所述浇封方法在相邻锂离子电池之间设置隔板。
进一步的，所述浇封方法通过一次完成浇封，将电池表面、带电部位、裸露金属件全部封入浇封化合物内。
进一步的，所述浇封化合物采用有机硅灌封胶。
本发明提供的锂离子电池浇封方案，可实现通过一次浇封将一个或多个电池及附属零部件全部浇封在化合物内，使电池不同部位的浇封厚度、与电池箱绝缘等多项指标满足标准要求，简化浇封工艺，大大提高浇封质量和效率。
本锂离子电池浇封方案尤其对大型锂离子电池电源，包含几十到几百只单体锂离子电池，具有重要意义，应用前景广阔。
附图说明
以下结合附图和具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明。
图1为本发明实例中锂离子电池箱的装配爆炸图；
图2为本发明实例中锂离子电池箱的装配剖视图；
图3为本发明实例中电池固定架示意图；
图4为本发明实例中电池支撑条示意图；
图5为本发明实例中安全阀防护罩示意图；
图6为本发明实例中锂离子电池箱浇封后示意图；
图7为本发明实例中10只锂离电池的一次浇封的效果图；
图8为本发明实例中50只锂离电池的一次浇封的效果图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示，进一步阐述本发明。
锂离子电池已广泛用于各类设备、仪器等电源，但在爆炸性环境(如煤矿、 化工企业、爆炸性粉尘场所等)使用的锂离子电池电源必须满足防爆要求；由于目前各标准对锂离子电池电源的结构等要求不具体，故而采取综合型防爆保护型式(防爆型式包括隔爆型、本安型、浇封型、增安型、油浸型、充砂型等)可能是未来的发展方向，其中浇封型可能是未来最具前景的防爆保护型式。
浇封要求将电池及其外部连接件等全部封入浇封化合物内，达到一定的厚度、强度等，而且要求与装电池的箱体绝缘。再者，对于用于浇封型的化合物，由于环氧树脂固化后硬度较高，目前多数采用环氧树脂浇封，但用此浇封的电池很难再次拆开。
再者，锂离子电池电压结构、类型多样，锂离子电池在异常情况会发生热失控，伴随着急剧压力释放，甚至会产生爆炸、起火。安全阀是锂离子电池的薄弱环节，当压力升高设定值时，安全阀开启，释放压力，避免热失控后果的扩大。由于电池极柱加连接件后的高度高于安全阀，如果对电池全面浇封，则浇封后安全阀上部的浇封厚度会很厚，这样安全阀就可能失去压力释放功能。同时，电池周边、底部的浇封也是难题。
针对这样的问题，目前普遍采取多次浇封。一般需要在上次浇封固化后，再进行下一次浇封。这种多次浇封工艺复杂，效率低，而且两次浇封的结合面可能不能融合在一起，形成隔离层，导致浇封强度、保护等不符合要求。
对此，本发明给出一种锂离子电池浇封方案，实现通过一次浇封将电池及附属零部件全部浇封在化合物内，使电池不同部位的浇封厚度、与电池箱绝缘等多项指标满足标准要求，这样不仅简化浇封工艺，提高浇封质量和效率。
具体的，本锂离子电池浇封方案通过将待浇封的锂离子电池以架空结构设置在箱体内，并在锂离子电池与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间；同时每块锂离子电池的安全阀上设置防护罩，以在安全阀形成可打开的防护腔。
在此基础上，将浇封化合物一次注入箱体内，填充电池与箱体、电池之间的缝隙，直到浇封面达到规定高度。由此实现通过一次浇封即可完成一个或多个锂离子电池的浇封且使锂离子电池的浇封厚度等满足标准要求，简化浇封工艺，提高生产效率。
本锂离子电池浇封方案在具体实现时，本发明还给出了一种锂离子电池箱方案，该锂离子电池箱可配合实施本发明给出的锂离子电池一次浇封方案。
参见图1和2，其所示为本发明给出的锂离子电池箱的一种实施示例方案。
由图可知，本示例方案中的锂离子电池箱主要由箱体8、箱盖1、若干锂离子电池4、防护罩2、固定架6、支撑条7配合构成。
其中，箱体8与箱盖1配合构成箱体组件用于构成安置空间，承载其它组成部件。这里对于箱体8与箱盖1的具体组成结构不加以限定，可根据实际需求而定。
以图示方案为例，这里的箱体8采用方形结构，并在端口处形成有连接法兰，以与箱盖1进行固定连接。
本示例方案中采用固定架6与支撑条7配合在箱体8内形成相应的支撑组件，以用于安置锂离子电池4，以使得锂离子电池架空的设置在箱体内，从而使得每块锂离子电池与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间。
这里的固定架6与所要装配的锂离子电池4的数量与相配合，以形成相应的安置区域，安置所要装配的锂离子电池4，以固定锂离子电池4的放置位置。同时对所要装配的锂离子电池4形成一定的限位，以保证后续浇封的可靠性。
参见图3，其所示为本示例方案中采用的固定架6的构成示例方案。该固定架6整体采用由四个侧板构成的方形框结构，同时在每个侧板61的底部开设有若干的开槽62，以便浇封时，相应的浇封化合物可以通过开槽62进行流动。
这里对于固定架6底部开槽62的设置方案，如大小、形状、分布方案，不加以限定，具体可根据实际需求而定。作为举例，图示方案采用等距分布的圆弧形开槽结构。
该固定架6在具体实现时，采用非金属绝缘材料或金属材料来构成。当采用金属材料时，与电池接触的表面覆盖绝缘层或用绝缘材料隔离。
在上述固定架6方案的基础上，本示例方案在固定架6形成的安置区域内设置相应的支撑条7，以用于支撑所要装配的锂离子电池4，使得所要装配的锂离子电池4不与箱体的底部接触，在两者之间形成浇封空间。
参见图4，其所示为本示例方案中采用的支撑条7的构成示例方案。该支撑条7整体采用长条形结构，其厚度与需要在锂离子电池4底部形成的浇封层厚度，对于支撑条7的长度与宽度可根据实际需求而定，此处不加以限定。
在此基础上，本示例方案在支撑条7的底部形成有若干的导流槽71，以便浇封时，使浇封化合物在锂离子电池4底部进行流动和填充。
这里对于支撑条7底部导流槽71的设置方案，如大小、形状、分布方案，不加以限定，具体可根据实际需求而定。作为举例，图示方案采用垂直于支撑条7延伸方向等距分布的方形沟槽结构。
该支撑条7在具体实现时，采用绝缘材料构成。
由此构成的支撑条7在与固定架6在进行配合时，在电池箱体8内的设定位置安装底部带槽的固定架6。
进一步的，将在固定架6内在安装带槽的支撑条7。这里对于支撑条7的数量，可根据需要装配的锂离子电池4数量来确定。
作为举例，优选偶数根支撑条7，分成两组并排的排列设置在固定架6内，每组的多根支撑条7之间沿长度方向依次排列(如图1所示)。
为保证后续排列安置锂离子电池4时的稳定性，这里的支撑条7优选采用粘贴的方式固定在固定架6内规定位置，且带槽面朝下，但是并不限于该固定设置模式。
如此设置的固定架6与其内部的支撑条7进行配合形成相应的支撑组件，以安置并支撑所要装配的锂离子电池4，通过固定架6来固定所要装配的锂离子电池4的放置位置，同时通过底部的支撑条7对所要装配的锂离子电池4形成支撑，使得所要装配的锂离子电池4以架空的结构形式设置在箱体8内，从而使得所要装配的锂离子电池4不与箱体的底部接触，在两者之间形成浇封空间。
此处配合结构在进行浇封时，注入的浇封化合物可通过固定架6底部的开槽以及支撑条7底部的导流槽71在锂离子电池4底部进行流动和填充，从而可形成所需厚度的浇封层。
本示例方案中针对锂离子电池4上的安全阀还分别设置一个防护罩2，用于控制一次浇封时，相应浇封化合物在锂离子电池安全阀上的成型厚度，以保证离子电池安全阀的功能正常，并能够正常工作。
该防护罩2套设在每个锂离子电池4上的安全阀上，以在安全阀四周形成 可打开的防护腔，这样在进行浇封时，注入的浇封化合物由于防护腔的保护无法流经安全阀，只能够在防护腔外形成相应浇封层；在此基础上通过防护腔高度来有效控制在防护腔外形成的浇封层的厚度，这样当安全阀开启时，防护腔内的压力增加，在压力作用下可有效顶开防护腔以及覆盖其上的浇封层，保证安全防护的效果，完全不影响安全阀的效能。
参见图5，其所示为本示例方案中采用的防护罩2的构成示例方案。本防护罩2主要由罩体21和罩盖22配合组成。
其中，罩体21采用中空结构，其上下相通，底部端口用于罩设在安全阀上，顶部端口与罩盖22配合，实现可拆式封堵结构。
这里对于罩体21的构成方案不加以限定，其形状、内部大小可根据需要设定，作为举例可以为圆柱形、椭圆柱形、方形等。对于罩体21的高度根据浇封后高度确定。
以图5所示方案为例，其给出的罩体21整体为中空的圆柱形，两端口处设置有相应的法兰结构，以便安全阀的装配设置和固定。同时在该罩体21的顶部端口形成有相应的沉孔结构，以用于安置罩盖22，可使罩盖22整体嵌设在罩体21的端口中，在实现封堵时，整体与罩体21的端面齐平，保证后续浇封时的可靠性。
本实例方案中的罩盖22整体与罩体21顶部端口配合，以实现对端口的封堵，在罩体21内形成防护腔，避免浇封化合物流入罩体21内。
这里罩盖22的构成方案不加以限定，可根据实际需求而定。同样以图5所示方案为例，配合罩体21的结构，该示例方案中的罩盖22采用圆盘结构。
基于本示例方案给出的罩体21与罩盖22配合形成的防护罩2，其通过罩体21罩设在安全阀上，罩体21的上部用罩盖22封堵，实现防护罩2整体罩设在电池安全阀上部，在安全阀四周成防护腔。
这样进行浇封时，注入的浇封化合物基于罩盖22的封堵无法进入罩体21内，将在防护罩2外侧形成相应浇封层，对于所形成的浇封层的厚度可通过罩体21的高度来进行调整。这样当安全阀开启时，防护腔内的压力增加，在压力作用下可有效顶开罩体21顶部的罩盖22以及覆盖其上的浇封层，保证安全防护的效果，完全不影响安全阀的效能。
本示例方案中的若干块锂离子电池4，在进行装配时，将锂离子电池4装入固定架6内，并排列在支撑条7上(如图1和图2所示)。
在此基础上，在相邻锂离子电池4之间插入隔板5，使得相邻锂离子电池4之间不直接接触，实现相邻锂离子电池4之间绝缘、隔热。
这里的隔板5优选采用非金属材料构成的平板结构，隔板的长宽与相应的锂离子电池4配合，实现使相邻电池之间绝缘、隔热。
本示例方案中的若干块锂离子电池4在箱体的固定架6内完成排列装配后，进一步通过电池连接片3连接锂离子电池正负极组成电池组。
这里的电池连接片3的构成方案不加以限定，可根据实际需求而定。
同时对于具体的连接组合方式，这里也不加以限定，可根据实际需求而定。作为举例，可以采用串联或并联的方式将多块锂离子电池4连接起来组成电池组。
另外，对于每块锂离子电池4上安全阀的防护罩2，可以在每块锂离子电池4装配前设置；根据需要可以在所有的锂离子电池4在完成装配后再进行设置，具体可根据实际需求而定。
本示例方案给出的锂离子电池箱在实际应用时，在进行浇封前，按照前述方案完成锂离子电池箱的装配。
在装配好后，则可直接将准备好的浇封化合物注入箱体内，直到浇封面达到规定高度。这样通过一次完成浇封，将电池表面、带电部位、裸露金属件全部封入浇封化合物内。
待浇封化合物固化后，将箱盖1与箱体8进行密封固定连接，形成最终的锂离子电池箱。
对于浇封化合物，本示例方案中优选采用有机硅灌封胶，这样在浇封后可以拆封，便于电池梯次利用。
本示例给出的锂离子电池箱方案，通过在电池箱内安装底部带槽的固定架，在固定架内安装底部带槽的电池支撑条，在安全阀上部安装防护罩，只需一次将浇封化合物注入电池箱，即可将电池所有表面及带电部位、裸露金属件等浇封在浇封化合物内，使锂离子电池的浇封厚度等满足标准要求，既满足标准规 定的浇封要求，简化浇封工艺，提高生产效率，同时又不影响安全阀的开启。
以下基于前述的锂离子电池箱方案，具体说明一下锂离子电池一次浇封的实施方案。
在正式浇封前，基于前述电池箱方案进行材料准备，形成相应的箱体8、箱盖1、防护罩2、电池连接片3、隔板5、固定架6、支撑条7以及待装配封装的锂离子电池4。
结合图1和图2，本锂离子电池浇封过程如下：
1)将电池固定架6放入电池箱8，带开槽边朝下。
本示例方案中采用金属材质，将固定架周边点焊在箱体内规定位置，在固定架内表面(与电池接触面)粘贴环氧树脂板用于和电池绝缘。
2)将电池支撑条7粘贴在固定架6内规定位置，将具有浇封化合物导流槽的端部向下设置。
这里支撑条长度按实际需要确定，若干的电池支撑条7分成两列并列的分布在固定架6内。在配合锂离子电池4装配时，实现每块锂离子电池4底部两个支撑条。
3)将若干块锂离子电池4依次摆放在固定架内支撑条7上。由此使得锂离子电池4架空的设置在箱体内，从而使得每块锂离子电池4与箱体8内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间，这里的空间大小可根据实际的指标要求来确定。
4)在相邻的锂离子电池4之间插入隔板5，以在相邻的锂离子电池4之间进行绝缘、隔热。
5)在每块锂离子电池4上的安全阀上套设相应的防护罩2。
这里将安全阀防护罩2的平底面粘贴在安全阀上部，盖上罩盖，以在安全阀四周成防护腔。
6)根据设计要求，通过电池连接片3将多块锂离子电池4进行连接(如串联或并联)起来，组成电池组。
7)将浇封化合物注入电池箱内，浇封化合物通过电池之间间隙、电池与箱体之间间隙流入；同时从固定架、支撑条底部的开槽或导流槽等流动充填到电池底部。由此，浇封化合物通过电池之间间隙、电池与箱体之间间隙、固定 架、支撑条的槽等部位自动充填。随着注入浇封化合物增加，液面自下往上上升，直至没过电池极柱连接件、防护罩盖，达到规定高度后停止注入浇封化合物。
8)待浇封化合物固化成型后，将箱盖1通过连接螺栓与箱体8进行连接，密封箱体8，得到最终的锂离子电池箱(如图6所示)。
这样通过一次性完成电池的浇封，将电池表面、带电部位、裸露金属件全部封入浇封化合物内，无需再进行任何的二次或多次浇封，实现通过一次浇封使锂离子电池的浇封厚度等满足标准要求，简化浇封工艺，提高生产效率。
参见图7，其所示为基于本锂离子电池一次浇封方法进行10只锂离电池的一次浇封的效果图。
参见图8，其所示为基于本锂离子电池一次浇封方法进行50只锂离电池的一次浇封的效果图。
可见，基于本发明提供的锂离子电池浇封方案，可实现通过一次浇封将电池及附属零部件全部浇封在化合物内，使电池不同部位的浇封厚度、与电池箱绝缘等多项指标满足标准要求，简化浇封工艺，提高浇封质量和效率，尤其对大型锂离子电池电源(包含几十到几百只单体锂离子电池)具有重要意义，应用前景广阔。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，包括箱体、支撑组件、至少一块锂离子电池、防护罩以及浇封化合物；
    所述支撑组件设置在箱体内，形成锂离子电池安置区域；
    所述至少一块锂离子电池安置在所述支撑组件形成的安置区域内，并与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间；
    所述防护罩设置在锂离子电池的安全阀上；
    所述浇封化合物一次注入箱体内且填充电池与箱体、电池之间的缝隙，并一次成型形成浇封体，一次成型的浇封体覆盖住锂离子电池整个外表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，所述防护罩包括罩体以及盖板，所述罩体为通孔结构，并可罩设在锂离子电池的安全阀上，所述盖板可卸的设置在罩体上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，所述一次成型的浇封体还覆盖住锂离子电池上的带电部位、裸露金属件。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，所述支撑组件可在箱体内形成架空结构的安置区域。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，所述支撑组件整体为绝缘结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，相邻锂离子电池之间设置有隔板。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池组件，其特征在于，所述浇封化合物一次注入安置有至少一块锂离子电池的箱体内。
  8. 一种锂离子电池浇封方法，其特征在于，所述浇封方法包括：
    将至少一块锂离子电池架空的设置在箱体内，并在锂离子电池与箱体内侧壁以及底部之间形成浇封空间；
    将浇封化合物一次注入箱体内，填充电池与箱体、电池之间的缝隙，直到浇封面达到规定高度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的锂离子电池浇封方法，其特征在于，所述浇封方法在每块锂离子电池的安全阀上设置防护罩，对安全阀形成可打开的防护腔。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的锂离子电池浇封方法，其特征在于，所述浇封方法在相邻锂离子电池之间设置隔板。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的锂离子电池浇封方法，其特征在于，所述浇封方法通过一次完成浇封，将电池表面、带电部位、裸露金属件全部封入浇封化合物内。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的锂离子电池浇封方法，其特征在于，所述浇封化合物采用有机硅灌封胶。
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