WO2023100555A1 - タンク、タンク構造、及びレドックスフロー電池システム - Google Patents
タンク、タンク構造、及びレドックスフロー電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023100555A1 WO2023100555A1 PCT/JP2022/040156 JP2022040156W WO2023100555A1 WO 2023100555 A1 WO2023100555 A1 WO 2023100555A1 JP 2022040156 W JP2022040156 W JP 2022040156W WO 2023100555 A1 WO2023100555 A1 WO 2023100555A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plate member
- tank
- opening
- electrolyte
- length
- Prior art date
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004059 quinone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to tanks, tank structures, and redox flow battery systems.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-194961 dated November 30, 2021, and incorporates all the descriptions described in the Japanese application.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a container-type redox flow battery.
- a redox flow battery comprises a battery cell, a tank, piping, and a pump.
- An electrolytic solution is stored in the tank.
- the piping consists of a piping that connects the tank and the pump, a piping that connects the pump and the battery cell, and a piping that connects the battery cell and the tank.
- the electrolytic solution is circulated between the tank and the battery cells by being pressure-fed into the pipes by a pump.
- a tank of the present disclosure is a tank in which an electrolytic solution of a redox flow battery system is stored, and includes a tank body, a first plate member that partitions an internal space of the tank body into a plurality of regions arranged in a first direction, and the tank body includes an inlet for the electrolytic solution provided at a first end of the tank body in the first direction and the an electrolyte solution outlet, wherein the first plate member includes a plurality of holes penetrating in the first direction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the tank of the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plate member provided in the tank of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the flow of electrolyte in the tank of the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the flow of the electrolytic solution in the tank provided with another example of the plate member in the tank of the embodiment.
- 5 is a graph showing the flow velocity distribution of the electrolyte in the tank shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing still another example of a plate member provided in the tank of the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the tank structure of the embodiment and the redox flow battery system of the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cell stack included in the redox flow battery system of the embodiment.
- vortices may be formed by the flow of electrolyte returning from the battery cells.
- the eddies can cause turbulence in the electrolyte, flow shortcuts, and stagnation.
- the amount of electrolyte supplied from the tank to the battery cell is reduced.
- less electrolyte is used for the battery reaction in the battery cell, and the utilization rate of the electrolyte in the tank may decrease.
- the utilization rate is the ratio of the amount of electrolyte supplied from the tank to the battery cell with respect to the amount of electrolyte in the tank. When the utilization rate decreases, the amount of electrolyte not used in the battery reaction by the battery cells increases, which can lead to a decrease in energy density.
- the tank of the present disclosure can suppress a decrease in the utilization rate of the electrolyte in the tank.
- the tank structure of the present disclosure can suppress a decrease in the utilization rate of the electrolyte in the tank.
- the redox flow battery system of the present disclosure has high energy density.
- a tank according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a tank in which an electrolyte solution of a redox flow battery system is stored, and the tank body and the internal space of the tank body are divided into a plurality of regions aligned in the first direction.
- a first plate member wherein the tank body includes an inlet for the electrolytic solution provided at a first end of the tank body in the first direction; and a second plate member in the first direction of the tank body. and an outlet for the electrolytic solution provided at an end, and the first plate member includes a plurality of holes penetrating in the first direction.
- the first plate member has a first opening through which the electrolytic solution is introduced and a second opening through which the electrolytic solution is discharged. Each hole connects the first opening and the second opening. At least a portion near the first opening and a portion near the second opening of the path extending from the first opening to the second opening are along the first direction. A central portion of the path may be along the first direction, or may intersect the first direction orthogonally or non-orthogonally.
- the flow of electrolyte from the inlet to the outlet tends to be laminar.
- a first plate member is provided between the inlet and the outlet. Therefore, the electrolyte flowing from the inlet to the outlet passes through the holes provided in the first plate member. Since the holes penetrate in the first direction, the flow of the electrolytic solution through the holes tends to be laminar in the first direction. Since the flow of the electrolyte is laminar, the electrolyte in the tank can be used efficiently.
- the tank body may have a uniform cross-sectional shape in the first direction.
- the shape of the tank body may be a rectangular parallelepiped, and the first direction may be a direction along the long side of the tank body.
- the electrolyte that flows along the long sides of the tank body tends to stagnate.
- the first plate member is provided so that the plurality of regions are arranged in the direction along the long side of the tank body, the electrolytic solution in the tank can be efficiently used.
- the equivalent circle diameter of each of the plurality of holes may be 1 to 10 times the thickness of the first plate member. good.
- the flow of the electrolyte is likely to change depending on the size of the equivalent circle diameter of each hole. According to the size of each hole, the flow of the electrolytic solution is likely to be in a laminar flow state.
- the first plate member may have a thickness of 2 mm or more and 100 mm or less.
- the length of each hole along the first direction changes depending on the thickness of the first plate member.
- the length of each hole alters the flow direction or velocity of the electrolyte as it flows through each hole. If the thickness of the first plate member is within the above range, it is easy to adjust the flow direction and the flow velocity of the electrolytic solution when the electrolytic solution flows through the holes. If the thickness of the first plate member is within the above range, the flow of the electrolytic solution is likely to be in a laminar flow state.
- the thickness of the first plate member is 0.1% or more and 1% or less of the length of the internal space in the first direction. There may be.
- the length of each hole along the first direction changes depending on the thickness of the first plate member.
- the length of each hole alters the flow direction or velocity of the electrolyte as it flows through each hole. If the thickness of the first plate member is within the above range, it is easy to adjust the flow direction and the flow velocity of the electrolytic solution when the electrolytic solution flows through the holes. If the thickness of the first plate member is within the above range, the flow of the electrolytic solution is likely to be in a laminar flow state.
- the length of the internal space in the first direction may be 4.5 m or more and 12 m or less.
- the electrolyte is likely to stagnate. According to the tank of the present disclosure, even if the tank body has the internal space of the above length, the electrolytic solution in the tank can be efficiently used.
- the length in the first direction between the inlet and the outlet may be 3.2 m or more and 11.5 m or less.
- the inlet and outlet are separated by the above length, stagnation is likely to occur in the electrolyte. According to the tank of the present disclosure, even if the inlet and the outlet are separated by the above length, the electrolytic solution in the tank can be efficiently used.
- the length in the first direction between the inlet and the outlet is 75 times the length of the internal space in the first direction. % or more and 95% or less.
- the inlet and outlet are separated by the above length, stagnation is likely to occur in the electrolyte. According to the tank of the present disclosure, even if the inlet and the outlet are separated by the above length, the electrolytic solution in the tank can be efficiently used.
- the ratio of the total area of the openings of the plurality of holes to the area within the outer peripheral edge of the first plate member is 30% or more and 70%. It may be below.
- the flow of the electrolytic solution from the inlet to the outlet in the tank tends to be laminar.
- the first direction may be a direction perpendicular to a direction in which gravity acts.
- the electrolyte in the tank can be efficiently used.
- each of the axis of the inlet and the axis of the outlet may intersect the first direction.
- the axis of the entrance is the line passing through the center of the smallest imaginary circle inscribed on the inner peripheral surface of the entrance.
- the axis of the outlet is the line through the center of the smallest imaginary circle inscribed on the inner circumference of the outlet. If each of the inlet axis and the outlet axis intersects the first direction, the electrolytic solution tends to stagnate. According to the tank of the present disclosure, even if each of the inlet axis and the outlet axis intersects the first direction, the electrolytic solution in the tank can be efficiently utilized.
- the tank body includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other in the first direction, and the first surface located at the end, the second surface being located at the second end, the length between the first plate member and the first surface being the length between the first plate member and the second surface; may be less than the length between
- the length between the first plate member and the first surface is 10% or more and 30% of the length between the first surface and the second surface. It may be below.
- a second plate member further partitions the internal space defined by the first plate member into a plurality of regions aligned in the first direction. and the second plate member may be arranged at a position closer to the outlet than the position of the first plate member, and may include a plurality of holes penetrating in the first direction.
- the second plate member is provided in addition to the first plate member, the flow of the electrolytic solution from the inlet to the outlet in the tank tends to become laminar.
- the first plate member and the second plate member are arranged adjacent to each other in the first direction, and the electrolyte solution is introduced into the first plate member.
- the second plate member has a second opening of the hole through which the electrolyte is discharged, and the first opening and the second opening are the They may be displaced when viewed from the first direction.
- the first plate member and the second plate member are arranged close to each other in the first direction, and the first opening of the first plate member and the second opening of the second plate member are arranged with a shift. , the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the path from the first opening to the second opening. If the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the path, even if the electrolyte is introduced into each of the first openings at different velocities, the difference in the velocities of the electrolyte becomes small in the middle of the path, and the second openings are closed. The flow of the electrolyte discharged from the part tends to be in a laminar flow state.
- the electrolytic solution is released in the middle of the path from the first opening of the first plate member to the second opening of the second plate member.
- Configurations that change the direction of flow can be readily constructed. For example, even if all the holes provided in each of the first plate member and the second plate member are along the first direction, the first plate member and the second plate member are arranged such that the first opening and the second opening are misaligned.
- the second plate member may be arranged with a slight gap therebetween. With this arrangement, it is easy to form holes in each of the first plate member and the second plate member, and the direction of flow of the electrolytic solution can be changed in the middle of the path from the first opening to the second opening. .
- the first plate member includes a first opening of the hole provided on the first surface of the first plate member; a second opening of the hole provided on the second surface of one plate member; and a communicating portion connecting the first opening and the second opening, wherein the first opening and the second The openings are arranged close to each other in the first direction, and may be arranged with a deviation when viewed from the first direction.
- the flow direction of the electrolytic solution is changed in the middle of the communicating portion from the first opening to the second opening. If the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the communicating portion, even if the electrolyte is introduced into each of the first openings at different velocities, the difference in the velocities of the electrolyte in the communicating portion becomes small, and the second openings are closed. The flow of the electrolyte discharged from the part tends to be in a laminar flow state. If the first opening and the second opening provided in the first plate member are arranged close to each other and displaced from each other, the configuration for changing the flow direction of the electrolytic solution is constructed with one plate member. One plate member is easy to handle.
- a tank structure includes the tank according to any one of (1) to (17) above, a first pipe connected to the inlet, and a second pipe connected to the outlet. and a pump provided in the second pipe.
- the tank structure of the present disclosure can efficiently use the electrolytic solution in the tank by including the tank of the present disclosure.
- a redox flow battery system includes the tank structure described in (18) above.
- the redox flow battery system of the present disclosure is equipped with the tank structure of the present disclosure, so that the electrolytic solution in the tank can be efficiently used and the energy density is high.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the positive electrode electrolyte 106 or the negative electrode electrolyte 107 shown in FIG. 7 is not stored.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically show, with solid lines, the flow of the electrolyte when the positive electrode electrolyte 106 or the negative electrode electrolyte 107 shown in FIG. 7 is stored.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the positive electrode electrolyte 106 or the negative electrode electrolyte 107 shown in FIG. 7 is not stored.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically show, with solid lines, the flow of the electrolyte when the positive electrode electrolyte 106 or the negative electrode electrolyte 107 shown in FIG. 7 is stored.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tank 1 shown in FIG. 1 cut along the first direction D1 so as to include the electrolyte outlet 6.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the tank 1 taken at the same position as in FIG. The first direction D1 will be described later.
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 and the negative electrode electrolyte 107 shown in FIG. 7 are simply referred to as "electrolyte" without distinguishing between them.
- the tank 1 includes a tank body 2 as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.
- One of the features of the tank 1 of the embodiment is that the first plate member 81 is provided.
- the tank 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 further comprises a second plate member 82 .
- the tank body 2 will be described mainly with reference to FIG. 1, and the details of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 will be described mainly with reference to FIGS.
- the tank main body 2 is a container having an internal space 4 in which an electrolytic solution is stored, as shown in FIG.
- the shape of the tank body 2 is a columnar body.
- the columnar body is, for example, a prismatic body or a cylindrical body.
- the prismatic body is, for example, a square prismatic body.
- Quadrangular prisms include cuboids and cubes.
- the planar shape of the two opposing sides of the quadrangular prism may be quadrilaterals other than squares and rectangles, such as rhombuses or trapezoids.
- the tank body 2 has, for example, a uniform cross-sectional shape in the first direction D1 of the tank body 2 .
- the shape of the tank body 2 having a uniform cross-sectional shape in the first direction D1 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylindrical body.
- the shape of the tank main body 2 of this example is a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the shape of the internal space 4 of the tank body 2 is also a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the rectangular parallelepiped here includes not only those that meet the geometric definition, but also shapes that can be generally regarded as rectangular parallelepipeds, such as those with rounded corners and irregularities on the walls like containers conforming to ISO standards. .
- the tank body 2 has a first direction D1, a second direction D2, and a third direction D3 represented by a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.
- the first direction D1 in this example is the longest direction of the tank body 2 .
- the first direction D1 in this example is also the longest direction of the internal space 4 of the tank body 2 .
- the first direction D1 is a direction along the long side of the tank body 2 .
- the first direction D1 in this example is a direction perpendicular to the direction in which gravity acts.
- the second direction D2 in this example is a direction along the width of the tank body 2 .
- the second direction D2 in this example is also the direction along the width of the internal space 4 of the tank body 2 .
- the third direction D3 in this example is a direction along the height of the tank body 2 .
- the third direction D3 in this example is also the direction along the height of the internal space 4 of the tank body 2 .
- the tank body 2 of this example is arranged horizontally.
- the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 are orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 are orthogonal to each other.
- the tank body 2 of this example comprises a first end wall 21 , a second end wall 22 , an upper wall 23 , a lower wall 24 and two side walls 25 .
- the first end wall 21 and the second end wall 22 face each other in the first direction D1.
- the upper wall 23 and the lower wall 24 face each other in the third direction D3.
- the two side walls 25 face each other in the second direction D2.
- Each thickness of the first end wall 21, the second end wall 22, the upper wall 23, the lower wall 24 and the two side walls 25 can be selected as desired.
- the internal space 4 is a space surrounded by a first end wall 21 , a second end wall 22 , a top wall 23 , a bottom wall 24 and two side walls 25 .
- the length L4 of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1 is, for example, 4.5 m or more and 12 m or less.
- the length L4 of the internal space 4 is the length between the first surface 210 and the second surface 220 facing each other in the first direction D1 shown in FIG.
- the first surface 210 is the inner surface of the first end wall 21 .
- Second surface 220 is the inner surface of second end wall 22 .
- the provision of the first plate member 81 which will be described later, facilitates the flow of the electrolytic solution in the tank 1 into a laminar flow state, and makes it difficult for the electrolytic solution to stagnate.
- the flow of the electrolyte in the tank 1 of this example will be described later. Since the length L4 is 12 m or less, excessive enlargement of the tank 1 can be suppressed.
- the length L4 may be 4.5 m or more and 11.5 m or less, 5 m or more and 11.5 m or less, or 6 m or more and 10 m or less.
- the length of the internal space 4 in the second direction D2, that is, the width W4 of the internal space 4 is, for example, 1 m or more and 3 m or less.
- the width W4 of the internal space 4 is the length between the inner surfaces of the two side walls 25 facing each other in the second direction.
- the width W4 may be 1.5 m or more and 2.5 m or less.
- the length of the internal space 4 in the third direction D3, that is, the height H4 of the internal space 4 is, for example, 1 m or more and 3 m or less.
- the height H4 of the internal space 4 is the length between the two surfaces of the upper wall 23 and the lower wall 24 facing each other in the third direction D3.
- the height H4 may be 1.5 m or more and 2.5 m or less.
- the tank body 2 having a cuboid shape may be, for example, a 20ft container type tank or a 40ft container type tank conforming to ISO standards.
- the length in the first direction D1 is 12192 mm
- the length in the second direction D2 is 2438 mm
- the length in the third direction D3 is 2591 mm.
- the high-cube 40ft container tank body 2 has a length of 12192 mm in the first direction D1, a length of 2438 mm in the second direction D2, and a length of 2896 mm in the third direction D3.
- the container-type tank main body 2 is excellent in installability and transportability.
- the tank body 2 includes an electrolyte inlet 5 and an electrolyte outlet 6 .
- the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 are spaced apart in the first direction D1.
- the inlet 5 is provided at the first end 31 of the tank body 2 in the first direction D1.
- the first end portion 31 is a structural member and space of the tank body 2 that extends from the first surface 210 to 25% of the length L4 of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1.
- the first end 31 includes portions of each of the first end wall 21 , the upper wall 23 , the lower wall 24 and the two side walls 25 within the above ranges.
- the first end portion 31 includes the portion within the above range in the internal space 4 .
- the inlet 5 shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 is a hole provided in the top wall 23 .
- the inlet 5 penetrates along the thickness of the upper wall 23 .
- the inlet 5 shown in FIG. 7 is the open end 11A of the first pipes 11P and 11N that penetrate the upper wall 23 and extend into the internal space 4. As shown in FIG.
- the inlet 5 shown in FIG. 7 is provided within the internal space 4 .
- the axis of the inlet 5 in this example is along the third direction D3.
- the axis of the inlet 5 in the present example intersects the first direction D1, more specifically perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- the axis of the inlet 5 may intersect non-orthogonally with the first direction D1.
- the inlet 5 in this example is provided at the end of the upper wall 23 in the second direction D2 at the first end 31 .
- the position of the inlet 5 in the second direction D2 can be selected as appropriate.
- the shape of the inlet 5 can be selected as appropriate.
- the outlet 6 is provided at the second end 32 of the tank body 2 in the first direction D1.
- the second end portion 32 is a structural member and space of the tank body 2 that extends from the second surface 220 to 25% of the length L4 of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1.
- the second end 32 includes portions of each of the second end wall 22, the upper wall 23, the lower wall 24, and the two side walls 25 within the above range.
- the second end portion 32 includes the portion within the above range in the internal space 4 .
- the outlet 6 shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 is a hole provided in the top wall 23 .
- the outlet 6 penetrates along the thickness of the upper wall 23 .
- the outlet 6 shown in FIG. 7 is the open end portion 12B of the second pipes 12P and 12N arranged to penetrate the upper wall 23 and reach the interior space 4. As shown in FIG.
- the outlet 6 shown in FIG. 7 is provided within the internal space 4 .
- the axis of the outlet 6 in this example is along the third direction D3.
- the axis of the outlet 6 in the present example intersects the first direction D1, more specifically perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- the axis of the outlet 6 may intersect non-orthogonally with the first direction D1.
- the outlet 6 of this example is provided at the second end 32 substantially in the center of the upper wall 23 in the second direction D2.
- the position of the outlet 6 in the second direction D2 can be selected as appropriate.
- the shape of the outlet 6 can be selected as appropriate.
- a length L6 in the first direction D1 between the entrance 5 and the exit 6 is, for example, 3.2 m or more and 11.5 m or less.
- a length L6 between the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 is the length between the first plane and the second plane.
- the first plane is a plane passing through the center of the opening shape of the inlet 5 and perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- the second plane is a plane passing through the center of the opening shape of the outlet 6 and orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- the length L6 is 11.5 m or less, excessive enlargement of the tank 1 can be suppressed.
- the length L6 may be 3.2 m or more and 11 m or less, 4 m or more and 11 m or less, 4.5 m or more and 11 m or less, or 5.5 m or more and 9.5 m or less.
- the length L6 in the first direction D1 between the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 is, for example, 75% or more and 95% or less of the length L4 in the first direction D1 of the internal space 4.
- the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 can be easily arranged apart from each other.
- the electrolytic solution in the tank 1 can be used efficiently.
- the length L6 is 95% or less of the length L4
- the inlet 5 can be easily arranged at an appropriate distance from the first end wall 21, and the outlet 6 can be arranged at an appropriate distance from the second end wall 22. easy.
- the length L6 may be 85% or more and 90% or less of the length L4.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are provided so as to divide the internal space 4 of the tank body 2 into a plurality of regions aligned in the first direction D1. It is In FIG. 6, only the first plate member 81 is shown.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 used in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the first plate member 81 is arranged at a position closer to the inlet 5 than the second plate member 82 is.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged with a relatively large gap L21.
- Each of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 is provided with a hole 9, which will be described later.
- the relatively large interval L21 has a length exceeding 10 times the maximum equivalent circle diameter among the equivalent circle diameters of the plurality of holes 9 provided in each of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82. .
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 divide the internal space 4 into three regions, a first region 41, a second region 42, and a third region 43, described below.
- the first region 41 is configured between the first end wall 21 and the first plate member 81 .
- the second region 42 is configured between the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 .
- the third region 43 is configured between the second plate member 82 and the second end wall 22 .
- An inlet 5 is provided in the first area 41 .
- the outlet 6 is provided in the third area 43 .
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 can have the same configuration. That is, the configuration of the first plate member 81 can be applied to the second plate member 82 . Therefore, hereinafter, the configuration common to the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 will be described based on the first plate member 81 .
- the first plate member 81 has a plurality of holes 9 penetrating in the first direction D1, as shown in FIG. Each hole 9 is a flow path for an electrolytic solution.
- a first plate member 81 is arranged in the tank body 2 so that the flow of the electrolytic solution becomes laminar through the holes 9 .
- the first plate member 81 may be arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the first direction D1, that is, so that the surface of the first plate member 81 intersects the first direction D1.
- the first plate member 81 of this example is arranged so that the surface of the first plate member 81 is orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- the thickness T8 of the first plate member 81 is, for example, 2 mm or more and 100 mm or less. When the thickness T8 is 2 mm or more, the mechanical strength of the first plate member 81 can be easily secured even if the first plate member 81 has a plurality of holes 9 .
- the length of each hole 9 along the first direction D1 changes depending on the thickness of the first plate member 81 .
- the contact area between the inner peripheral surface of each hole 9 and the electrolytic solution changes depending on the length of each hole 9 along the first direction D1. Depending on the contact area, the flow direction or flow rate of the electrolytic solution when flowing through each hole 9 changes.
- the flow velocity of the electrolyte flowing through the holes 9 tends to decrease from the area near the axis of the holes 9 toward the inner peripheral surface of the holes 9 .
- the contact area is large, the amount of electrolyte in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hole 9 or the amount of electrolyte flowing in the area close to the inner peripheral surface of the hole 9 increases, so the flow rate of the electrolyte as a whole increases. tend to be late.
- the thickness T8 is 100 mm or less, the contact area does not become too large, the electrolytic solution easily flows along the first direction D1, and the flow velocity of the electrolytic solution is less likely to decrease.
- the thickness T8 of the first plate member 81 may be 4 mm or more and 50 mm or less, or 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- the thickness T8 of the first plate member 81 is, for example, 0.1% or more and 1% or less of the length L4 of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1.
- the thickness T8 is 0.1% or more of the length L4
- the mechanical strength of the first plate member 81 is easily ensured even when the plurality of holes 9 are provided.
- the thickness T8 is 1% or less of the length L4
- the contact area between the inner peripheral surface of each hole 9 and the electrolytic solution does not become too large as described above, and the electrolytic solution flows in the first direction D1.
- the flow rate of the electrolytic solution is less likely to decrease.
- the thickness T8 may be 0.2% or more and 0.5% or less of the length L4.
- the first plate member 81 is located closer to the entrance 5 than the center of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1, as shown in FIGS.
- the length L1 between the first plate member 81 and the first surface 210 of the first end wall 21, as shown in FIG. 220 is less than the length L5. Since the first plate member 81 is positioned closer to the inlet 5 than the center of the internal space 4, even if a vortex is formed by the flow of electrolyte flowing in from the inlet 5 as described later, the vortex forming region is can be limited to the range of the area near the entrance 5 in the internal space 4 .
- the length L1 between the first plate member 81 and the first surface 210 is, for example, the length between the first surface 210 and the second surface 220, that is, the length L4 of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1. It is 10% or more and 30% or less.
- the first region 41 can be sufficiently secured, the vortex is easily formed in the first region 41, and the vortex is not formed outside the first region 41. It is easy to suppress By setting the length L1 to be 30% or less of the length L4, the vortex forming region can be suppressed to a small range near the inlet 5 in the internal space 4 .
- the length L1 may be 15% or more and 25% or less of the length L4.
- the second plate member 82 is not essential. That is, only the first plate member 81 may be arranged. When the second plate member 82 is arranged in addition to the first plate member 81, the electrolytic solution in the tank 1 tends to flow in a laminar flow state as will be described later. In addition to the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82, a third plate member (not shown) may be arranged. As the number of plate members increases, the number of times the electrolyte passes through each hole 9 increases, the total contact area between the inner peripheral surface of each hole 9 and the electrolyte increases, and the overall flow rate of the electrolyte slows down.
- the number of plate members is 5 or less, the electrolyte does not pass through each hole 9 too many times, and the flow velocity of the electrolyte is less likely to decrease.
- the number of plate members may be 2 or more and 4 or less, or 2 or more and 3 or less.
- the total thickness of each plate member is, for example, 0.4% or more and 2.5% or less of the length L4 of the first direction D1 of the internal space 4. is.
- the total thickness is 0.4% or more of the length L4
- the electrolytic solution in the tank 1 tends to flow in a laminar flow state as described later.
- the total thickness is 2.5% or less of the length L4
- the total contact area between the inner peripheral surface of each hole 9 and the electrolytic solution does not become too large as described above. It is difficult for the flow rate to decrease.
- the total thickness may be 1% or more and 2% or less of the length L4.
- the plate member closest to the outlet 6, in this example the second plate member 82 is located in the inner space 4, for example, as shown in FIGS. It is located in the center in the first direction D1 or in a region closer to the inlet 5 than the center. Since the second plate member 82 is positioned in the center of the internal space 4 or in a region closer to the inlet 5 than the center, the electrolytic solution passing through the second plate member 82 easily flows toward the outlet 6 in a laminar flow state. .
- the length L3 between the second plate member 82 and the second surface 220 is, for example, the length between the first surface 210 and the second surface 220, that is, the first It is 40% or more and 80% or less of the length L4 in the direction D1. Since the length L3 is 40% or more of the length L4, the third region 43 can be sufficiently secured, and the electrolytic solution passing through the second plate member 82 can easily flow toward the outlet 6 in a laminar flow state. . When the length L3 is 80% or less of the length L4, the first region 41 can be relatively sufficiently secured.
- the length L3 may be 50% or more and 70% or less of the length L4.
- the first plate member 81 has a plurality of holes 9 as shown in FIG. Each hole 9 penetrates the first plate member 81 in the first direction D1.
- each of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 has a plurality of holes 9 as shown in FIG.
- the first plate member 81 has a first opening 811 through which the electrolytic solution is introduced and a second opening 812 through which the electrolytic solution is discharged.
- Each hole 9 provided in the first plate member 81 connects the first opening 811 and the second opening 812 .
- the electrolyte flows from the first opening 811 toward the second opening 812 .
- each hole 9 discharges the electrolytic solution introduced into the first opening 811 through the second opening 812 .
- at least a portion near the first opening 811 and a portion near the second opening 812 of the path from the first opening 811 to the second opening 812 are along the first direction D1.
- the portion of the path near the first opening 811 and the portion near the second opening 812 are provided in a straight line parallel to the first direction D1.
- the central portion of the path may be along the first direction D1, or may intersect the first direction D1 orthogonally or non-orthogonally.
- the hole 9 of this example is provided in a straight line in which the entire path is parallel to the first direction D1. Each hole 9 in this example penetrates along the thickness of the first plate member 81 .
- the second plate member 82 also has a first opening 821 through which the electrolytic solution is introduced and a second opening 822 through which the electrolytic solution is discharged.
- Each hole 9 provided in the second plate member 82 connects the first opening 821 and the second opening 822 .
- the electrolyte flows from first opening 821 toward second opening 822 .
- each hole 9 discharges the electrolytic solution introduced into the first opening 821 through the second opening 822 .
- the hole 9 provided in the second plate member 82 is provided in the same manner as the hole 9 provided in the first plate member 81 so that the entire path is linear and parallel to the first direction D1.
- the electrolyte is brought into a laminar flow state along the first direction D1 by the holes 9 of the first plate member 81, and is brought into a laminar flow state along the first direction D1 by the holes 9 of the second plate member 82. .
- each hole 9 in the first plate member 81 can be selected as appropriate.
- the shape of each hole 9 is the opening shape of the cut surface of each hole 9 in the direction orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- the shape of each hole 9 is also the shape of the first opening 811 or the shape of the second opening 812 .
- the shapes of the plurality of holes 9 may be the same or may be different.
- the shapes of the plurality of holes 9 in this example are all circular.
- the equivalent circle diameter of each hole 9 is, for example, 1 to 10 times the thickness T8 of the first plate member 81 .
- the equivalent circle diameter of each hole 9 is the diameter of a perfect circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area of each hole 9 .
- the cross-sectional area of each hole 9 is the area of the cut surface of each hole 9 when the first plate member 81 is cut in the direction orthogonal to the first direction D1 of each hole 9 . Since the circle-equivalent diameter of each hole 9 is at least 1 time the thickness T8, the electrolytic solution is less likely to be diffusely reflected on the inner peripheral surface of each hole 9, and the electrolytic solution flows in the first direction when flowing through each hole 9. It tends to be one direction D1.
- the equivalent circle diameter of each hole 9 is 10 times or less than the thickness T8, the flow of the electrolytic solution is easily adjusted by each hole 9, and the direction in which the electrolytic solution flows when flowing through each hole 9 is the first direction. It is easy to become D1.
- the equivalent circle diameter of each hole 9 may be 1 to 5 times or 1 to 1.4 times the thickness T8.
- the equivalent circle diameters of the holes 9 may be the same or different.
- a plurality of holes 9 are dispersedly provided in the first plate member 81 .
- the plurality of holes 9 dispersed means that the plurality of holes 9 are not unevenly provided in the first plate member 81 but are uniformly provided over the entire first plate member 81. be. For example, adjacent holes 9 are provided with a certain interval.
- the holes 9 having different equivalent circle diameters may be randomly arranged. Holes 9 having different equivalent circle diameters may be regularly arranged in the first plate member 81 .
- the small holes 9 may be arranged near the upper edge of the first plate member 81 and the large holes 9 may be arranged near the lower edge of the first plate member 81 .
- the ratio of the total area of the plurality of holes 9 to the area within the outer peripheral edge of the first plate member 81 is, for example, 30% or more and 70% or less.
- the area within the outer peripheral edge of the first plate member 81 includes the total area of the plurality of holes 9 .
- the ratio is 30% or more, the flow of the electrolytic solution is easily brought into a laminar flow state without impeding the flow of the electrolytic solution.
- the ratio is 70% or less, the mechanical strength of the first plate member 81 is easily ensured.
- the ratio may be 40% or more and 60% or less.
- each hole 9, the equivalent circle diameter of each hole 9, and the above ratio may be the same or different between the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82.
- the positions of the holes 9 may overlap or may be shifted between the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 .
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 of this example have the same shape of each hole 9, the equivalent circle diameter of each hole 9, and the above ratio.
- the positions of the holes 9 are the same when viewed from the first direction D1.
- the electrolyte flowing from the battery cell 100C shown in FIG. 7 toward the tank 1 flows into the tank main body 2 from the inlet 5 in the third direction D3.
- the electrolytic solution that has flowed into the tank body 2 from the inlet 5 draws a trajectory such that it flows downward in the first region 41 in the third direction D3 and then flows in the first direction D1.
- the electrolyte stored in the tank body 2 forms a vortex so as to mix with the electrolyte that has flowed into the tank body 2 from the inlet 5 .
- This vortex is formed within the first region 41 .
- the electrolyte in the first region 41 forms a vortex and flows into the second region 42 through the plurality of holes 9 provided in the first plate member 81 .
- the electrolytic solution in the second region 42 flows into the third region 43 through the plurality of holes 9 provided in the second plate member 82 .
- the electrolyte in the third region 43 flows out from the outlet 6 . That is, the electrolytic solution in the tank body 2 is sequentially pushed from the inlet 5 toward the outlet 6 while passing through the holes 9 of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 by the electrolytic solution that has flowed in from the inlet 5.
- each hole 9 penetrates in the first direction D1, the flow of the electrolyte through each hole 9 of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 is in a laminar flow state along the first direction D1. Become. That is, the electrolytic solution flowing through the second region 42 and the third region 43 is in a laminar flow state.
- FIG. 1 The first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 used in the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- FIG. The first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged close to each other in the first direction D1. Being arranged close to each other means that the distance L21 between the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 is equal to each circle of the plurality of holes 9 provided in each of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82. 10 times or less of the largest circle equivalent diameter among the equivalent diameters.
- Proximity includes that the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged side by side with the interval L21 or that they are in contact with each other.
- the interval L21 may be eight times or less, five times or less, or three times or less the maximum equivalent circle diameter.
- the internal space 4 is partitioned into two regions, a first region 41 and a second region 42, by the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82.
- the first region 41 is configured between the first end wall 21 and the first plate member 81 .
- the second region 42 is configured between the second plate member 82 and the second end wall 22 .
- An inlet 5 is provided in the first area 41 .
- the outlet 6 is provided in the second area 42 .
- the positions of the holes 9 are different between the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 when viewed from the first direction D1.
- the configuration of the first embodiment can be applied.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are located closer to the entrance 5 than the center of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1, as shown in FIG.
- both the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged at substantially the same positions as the first plate member 81 described in the first embodiment.
- Each thickness of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 is the same as the thickness T8 of the first plate member 81 described in the first embodiment, for example.
- the thickness of the first plate member 81 and the thickness of the second plate member 82 may be the same or different.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged parallel to each other, for example.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged, for example, so that both the surface of the first plate member 81 and the surface of the second plate member 82 are orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- Each of the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 has a plurality of holes 9 penetrating in the first direction D1.
- Each hole 9 is a flow path for an electrolytic solution.
- the shape and circle equivalent diameter of each hole 9 are the same as those of the holes 9 described in the first embodiment.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are defined by the shape of each hole 9, the circle equivalent diameter of each hole 9, and the total area of the plurality of holes 9 with respect to the area within the outer peripheral edge of each plate member 81, 82.
- the proportions may be the same or different.
- the first plate member 81 has a first opening 811 through which the electrolytic solution is introduced and a second opening 812 through which the electrolytic solution is discharged. Each hole 9 connects the first opening 811 and the second opening 812 . The electrolyte flows from the first opening 811 toward the second opening 812 .
- Each hole 9 provided in the first plate member 81 is provided, for example, in a linear shape in which the entire path from the first opening 811 to the second opening 812 is parallel to the first direction D1.
- the second plate member 82 has a first opening 821 through which the electrolytic solution is introduced and a second opening 822 through which the electrolytic solution is discharged. Each hole 9 connects the first opening 821 and the second opening 822 . The electrolyte flows from first opening 821 toward second opening 822 . Each hole 9 provided in the second plate member 82 is provided, for example, with the entire path extending from the first opening 821 to the second opening 822 in a straight line parallel to the first direction D1.
- the first opening 811 of the first plate member 81 and the second opening 822 of the second plate member 82 are displaced when viewed from the first direction D1.
- the peripheral edge of the first opening 811 and the peripheral edge of the second opening 822 have portions that do not overlap.
- the peripheral edge of the first opening 811 and the peripheral edge of the second opening 822 do not overlap over the entire circumference and are displaced.
- the first opening 811 and the second opening 822 may be completely misaligned when viewed from the first direction D1, or may have a slightly overlapping portion.
- a structure in which the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are arranged close to each other and the first opening 811 and the second opening 822 are arranged out of alignment is called a first specific structure. .
- the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the route from the first opening 811 to the second opening 822 . If the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the path, even if the electrolyte is introduced into the first openings 811 at different velocities, the difference in velocity of the electrolyte is reduced in the middle of the path. More than half or all of the plurality of holes 9 may be provided so as to construct the first specific structure.
- the electrolytic solution discharged from each second opening 822 tends to flow in a laminar flow state.
- the graph of FIG. 5 shows the flow velocity distribution of the electrolytic solution in the tank 1 provided with the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 of the second embodiment.
- This graph shows the relationship between the position of the electrolytic solution and the flow velocity at that position when the tank body 2 shown in FIG. 4 is filled with the electrolytic solution.
- the horizontal axis of the graph indicates the position along the third direction D3 at a position 3 m along the first direction D1 from the first end wall 21 shown in FIG.
- the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 are provided at positions about 2 m from the first end wall 21 along the first direction D1.
- the vertical axis of the graph is the flow velocity of the electrolytic solution.
- the dashed line indicates the average flow velocity and the solid line indicates the actual flow velocity.
- the flow velocity is kept substantially constant regardless of the position of the electrolyte in the third direction D3.
- the flow velocity varies. That is, in the tank 1 provided with the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 of Embodiment 2, compared with the case where one first plate member 81 shown in FIG. 2 without the first specific structure is arranged, , it was found that the electrolyte can be made to flow in a laminar state even at high flow velocities.
- the first plate member 81 used in Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of part of the first plate member 81 .
- the first plate member 81 shown in FIG. 6 is a single plate member.
- a first plate member 81 shown in FIG. A second opening 812 and a communicating portion 813 connecting the first opening 811 and the second opening 812 are provided.
- Each of the first opening 811 and the second opening 812 opens in the first direction D1.
- the first opening 811 and the second opening 812 are arranged close to each other in the first direction D1, and are arranged with a gap when viewed from the first direction D1.
- a distance L22 between the first opening 811 and the second opening 812 along the first direction D1 is 10 times or less the maximum equivalent circle diameter among the equivalent circle diameters of the plurality of holes 9 .
- the interval L22 is equal to the thickness of the first plate member 81.
- the peripheral edge of the first opening 811 and the peripheral edge of the second opening 812 do not overlap over the entire circumference and are shifted.
- the first plate member 81 shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a space extending in a direction orthogonal to the first direction D1 inside the first plate member 81 . This space is part of the communicating portion 813 .
- a structure in which the first opening portion 811 and the second opening portion 812 are arranged close to each other in the first direction D1 and arranged with a deviation when viewed from the first direction D1 is referred to as a second specific structure. call.
- the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the route from the first opening 811 to the second opening 812, as in the second embodiment. Arrows shown in FIG. 6 indicate the direction of flow of the electrolytic solution. If the flow direction of the electrolyte is changed in the middle of the path, even if the electrolyte is introduced into the first openings 811 at different velocities, the difference in velocity of the electrolyte is reduced in the middle of the path.
- the first plate member 81 shown in FIG. 6 may be a plate member having a first opening 811, a second opening 812, and the space, such as a known permeable sheet.
- the first plate member 81 shown in FIG. 6 is configured by, for example, joining two plate members.
- Each of the two plate members has, for example, a recess and a plurality of holes.
- the concave portions are provided on the surfaces of the two plate members facing each other.
- One concave portion may be provided in the central portion of the plate member excluding the peripheral edge portion.
- the recess may be a plurality of grooves extending in a direction perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- Each hole has an opening at the bottom of the recess.
- Each hole is provided along the first direction D1.
- the first plate member 81 shown in FIG. 6 is obtained.
- the above-described space is provided inside the first plate member 81 by aligning the concave portions provided in the two plate members.
- One of the two plate members may have a plurality of holes, and the other of the two plate members may have a recess and a plurality of holes.
- the first plate member 81 is easy to handle because the structure for changing the flow direction of the electrolytic solution is constructed with one plate member.
- the first plate member 81 or the second plate member 82 of Embodiment 1 may be provided so as to construct the first specific structure described in Embodiment 2, or the second plate member described in Embodiment 3. It may be provided to build a specific structure. Both the first plate member 81 and the second plate member 82 of Embodiment 1 may be provided to construct the first specific structure, or may be provided to construct the second specific structure. may have been
- the tank structures 10P and 10N of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the direction illustrated in the lower left of FIG. 7 indicates the direction in which the tank 1 is arranged.
- the direction shown in the lower left of FIG. 7 does not indicate the arrangement direction of the battery cells 100C.
- the tank structure 10P circulates the positive electrolyte 106.
- the tank structure 10N circulates the negative electrode electrolyte 107 .
- the tank structure 10P includes the above-described tank 1, first pipe 11P, second pipe 12P, and pump 13P.
- the tank 1 shown in FIG. 7 is the tank 1 shown in FIG.
- a positive electrode electrolyte 106 is stored in the tank 1 .
- the tank 1 in which the positive electrode electrolyte 106 is stored is hereinafter referred to as a positive electrode tank 104 .
- the first pipe 11P is a pipe for returning the positive electrode electrolyte solution 106 from the battery cell 100C to the positive electrode tank 104.
- the first pipe 11 ⁇ /b>P of this example is connected to the tank body 2 such that the opening end 11 ⁇ /b>A of the first pipe 11 ⁇ /b>P is arranged inside the tank body 2 .
- the inlet 5 of the positive electrode electrolyte 106 into the positive electrode tank 104 is the open end 11A of the first pipe 11P.
- the inlet 5 of this example is arranged at a position closer to the upper wall 23 than the center of the tank body 2 in the third direction D3.
- the inlet 5 in this example is arranged so as not to be submerged in the positive electrode electrolyte 106 .
- the second pipe 12P is a pipe for sending the positive electrode electrolyte 106 from the positive electrode tank 104 to the battery cell 100C.
- the second pipe 12P of this example is connected to the tank body 2 so that the opening end 12B of the second pipe 12P is arranged inside the tank body 2 .
- the outlet 6 of the positive electrode electrolyte 106 from the inside of the positive electrode tank 104 is the open end portion 12B of the second pipe 12P.
- the outlet 6 of this example is arranged at a position closer to the lower wall 24 than the center of the tank body 2 in the third direction D3.
- the outlet 6 of this example is arranged so as to be submerged in the positive electrode electrolyte 106 .
- the pump 13P is provided in the middle of the second pipe 12P.
- the pump 13P pressure-feeds the positive electrode electrolyte 106 in the positive electrode tank 104 to the battery cell 100C.
- the tank structure 10N includes the above-described tank 1, first pipe 11N, second pipe 12N, and pump 13N.
- the tank structure 10N has the same configuration as the tank structure 10P, except that the electrolytic solution flowing therein is different.
- the first pipe 11N, the second pipe 12N, and the pump 13N in the tank structure 10N have the same configuration as the first pipe 11P, the second pipe 12P, and the pump 13P in the tank structure 10P.
- a negative electrode electrolyte solution 107 is stored in the tank 1 in the tank structure 10N.
- the tank 1 in which the negative electrode electrolyte 107 is stored is hereinafter referred to as a negative electrode tank 105 .
- first pipes 11P, 11N For the basic configuration of the first pipes 11P, 11N, the second pipes 12P, 12N, and the pumps 13P, 13N, known configurations can be used as appropriate.
- FIG. 7 An RF battery system 100 of an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
- FIG. 7 The RF battery system 100 includes a battery cell 100C, the above-described tank structure 10P, and the above-described tank structure 10N, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the battery cell 100C is simplified, and the positive electrode of the battery cell 100C is indicated by "+” and the negative electrode by "-". A specific configuration of the battery cell 100C is shown in FIG.
- the RF battery system 100 charges and stores the power generated by the power generation unit, discharges the stored power, and supplies it to the load.
- the RF battery system 100 is typically connected to a power generation unit and a load with a power conversion device and substation equipment interposed therebetween.
- An example of a power generation unit is a photovoltaic power plant, a wind power plant, or any other power plant in general.
- An example of a load is a power consumer.
- An example of an application for the RF battery system 100 is load leveling, voltage sag compensation, emergency power, or output smoothing of renewable energy.
- the battery cell 100C is separated by a diaphragm 101 into a positive electrode cell 100P and a negative electrode cell 100N.
- a positive electrode 102 is incorporated in the positive electrode cell 100P.
- a positive electrode electrolyte 106 is supplied to the positive electrode cell 100P.
- a negative electrode 103 is incorporated in the negative electrode cell 100N.
- a negative electrode electrolyte 107 is supplied to the negative electrode cell 100N.
- the battery cell 100 ⁇ /b>C is sandwiched between a set of cell frames 110 .
- Cell frame 110 includes bipolar plate 112 and frame 111 .
- a positive electrode 102 is arranged on the first surface of the bipolar plate 112 and a negative electrode 103 is arranged on the second surface of the bipolar plate 112 .
- Frame 111 is provided on the outer periphery of bipolar plate 112 .
- Frame 111 supports bipolar plate 112 .
- a sealing member 113 is arranged between the frames 111 to suppress leakage of the positive electrode electrolyte 106 and the negative electrode electrolyte 107 from the battery cell 100C.
- the RF battery system 100 is typically used in a form called a cell stack 120 in which a plurality of battery cells 100C are stacked.
- the cell stack 120 includes a cell frame 110, a positive electrode 102, a diaphragm 101, a negative electrode 103, and another cell frame 110 which are repeatedly stacked, two end plates 121 sandwiching the stack, and a fastening member (not shown).
- the fastening members are, for example, long bolts and nuts.
- the two end plates 121 are fastened by fastening members. By this tightening, the laminated state of the laminated body is maintained.
- the cell stack 120 is typically used in a form in which a predetermined number of battery cells 100C are used as sub-stacks (not shown) and a plurality of sub-stacks are stacked.
- Supply/discharge plates (not shown) are arranged in contact with the outer surfaces of the cell frames 110 positioned at both ends in the stacking direction of the battery cells 100C in the sub-stack or cell stack 120 .
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 is circulated in the positive electrode cell 100P by the tank structure 10P.
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 is pumped by the pump 13P from the positive electrode tank 104 through the second pipe 12P and supplied to the positive electrode 102 shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 that has flowed through the positive electrode 102 is returned to the positive electrode tank 104 through the first pipe 11P.
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 flows in the positive electrode tank 104 in a laminar flow state from the inlet 5 toward the outlet 6 as indicated by the solid line in FIG. When the pump 13P is stopped, the positive electrode electrolyte 106 is not circulated.
- the negative electrode electrolyte 107 is circulated by the tank structure 10N.
- the negative electrode electrolyte 107 is pumped by the pump 13N from the negative electrode tank 105 through the second pipe 12N and supplied to the negative electrode 103 shown in FIG.
- the negative electrode electrolyte 107 that has flowed through the negative electrode 103 is returned to the negative electrode tank 105 through the first pipe 11N.
- the negative electrode electrolyte 107 flows in the negative electrode tank 105 in a laminar flow state from the inlet 5 toward the outlet 6 as indicated by the solid line in FIG. When the pump 13N is stopped, the negative electrode electrolyte 107 is not circulated.
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 is circulated to the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode electrolyte 107 is circulated to the negative electrode 103, so that the valence change reaction of the active material ions in the electrolyte of each electrode Charges and discharges along with
- the positive electrode electrolyte 106 contains, as a positive electrode active material, one or more selected from the group consisting of manganese ions, vanadium ions, iron ions, polyacids, quinone derivatives, and amines, for example.
- the negative electrode electrolyte 107 contains, as a negative electrode active material, one or more selected from the group consisting of, for example, titanium ions, vanadium ions, chromium ions, polyacids, quinone derivatives, and amines.
- the solvent of the positive electrode electrolyte 106 and the negative electrode electrolyte 107 is, for example, an aqueous solution containing one or more acids or acid salts selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
- a specific example is that both the positive electrode electrolyte 106 and the negative electrode electrolyte 107 contain vanadium ions.
- the concentration of the positive electrode active material and the concentration of the negative electrode active material can be selected as appropriate.
- the vortex formation area can be suppressed within the first area 41.
- the first region 41 of the present example is a region closer to the entrance 5 than the center of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1, and a region of 30% or less of the length L4 of the internal space 4 in the first direction D1. Therefore, in the tank 1 and the tank structures 10P and 10N of the embodiment, the formation area of the vortex can be suppressed within a small area in the internal space 4.
- the electrolyte passes through the plurality of holes 9 when flowing from the first region 41 to the second region 42 and when flowing from the second region 42 to the third region 43 .
- a shortcut in the electrolyte flow means that the electrolyte returned from the battery cell 100C is supplied again from the tank 1 to the battery cell 100C without being mixed with the electrolyte originally in the tank 1. be.
- the stagnation of the electrolyte means, for example, that the electrolyte in the corner regions of the tank 1 stays in the tank 1 without being mixed with the electrolyte in the other regions. Since the flow of the electrolyte is laminar, the electrolyte in the tank 1 can be used efficiently.
- the tank body 2 is oblong.
- the first direction D1 is the direction along the long side of the internal space 4 of the tank body 2 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the direction perpendicular to the direction in which gravity acts is the first direction D1.
- the electrolytic solution tends to flow in a laminar flow along the first direction D1. That is, in the tank 1 of the embodiment and the tank structures 10P and 10N of the embodiment, even if the above conditions are satisfied, the effect of being able to efficiently use the electrolytic solution can be more significantly exhibited.
- the RF battery system 100 of the embodiment includes the tank structures 10P and 10N of the embodiment, the positive electrode electrolyte 106 in the positive electrode tank 104 can be efficiently used, and the negative electrode electrolyte 107 in the negative electrode tank 105 can be efficiently used. can be used effectively. Therefore, the RF battery system 100 of the embodiment has a high energy density.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2021年11月30日付の日本国出願の特願2021-194961に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本国出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。
タンク内では、電池セルから戻った電解液の流れで渦が形成されることがある。上記渦によって、電解液に乱流が生じたり、流れのショートカットが生じたり、淀みが生じたりし得る。特に、流れのショートカットまたは電解液の淀みが生じると、タンク内から電池セルに供給される電解液量が少なくなる。その結果、電池セル内で電池反応に利用される電解液も少なくなり、タンク内の電解液の利用率が低下し得る。上記利用率は、タンク内の電解液量に対するタンクから電池セルに供給された電解液量の割合である。上記利用率が低下すると、電池セルによって電池反応に利用されない電解液量が多くなるため、エネルギー密度の低下を招き得る。
本開示のタンクは、タンク内の電解液の利用率の低下を抑制できる。本開示のタンク構造は、タンク内の電解液の利用率の低下を抑制できる。本開示のレドックスフロー電池システムは、エネルギー密度が高い。
最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。
本開示のタンク、タンク構造、およびレドックスフロー電池システムの具体例を、図面を参照して説明する。以下、レドックスフロー電池システムを「RF電池システム」と呼ぶ場合がある。図中の同一符号は同一または相当部分を示す。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
図1から図6を参照して、実施形態のタンク1を説明する。実施形態のタンク1は、図7を参照して後述するRF電池システム100の正極電解液106が貯留される正極タンク104、または負極電解液107が貯留される負極タンク105である。図1は、図7に示す正極電解液106または負極電解液107が貯留されていない状態を示している。図3および図4は、図7に示す正極電解液106または負極電解液107が貯留された状態における電解液の流れを実線で模式的に示している。図3は、図1に示すタンク1を電解液の出口6を含むように第一方向D1に沿って切断した断面図である。図4は、タンク1を図3と同じ位置で切断した断面図である。第一方向D1については後述する。以下のタンク1の説明では、図7に示す正極電解液106および負極電解液107の区別を行わず、単に「電解液」と呼ぶ。
タンク本体2は、図1に示すように、電解液が貯留される内部空間4を有する容器である。タンク本体2の形状は柱状体である。柱状体は、例えば角柱体、または円柱体である。角柱体は、例えば四角柱体である。四角柱体は、直方体および立方体を含む。四角柱体における向かい合う二面の平面形状は、正方形および長方形以外の四角形、例えばひし形、または台形であってもよい。タンク本体2は、例えば、タンク本体2の第一方向D1に一様な断面形状を備える。第一方向D1に一様な断面形状を備えるタンク本体2の形状は、例えば直方体、立方体、または円柱体である。本例のタンク本体2の形状は直方体である。本例では、タンク本体2の内部空間4の形状も直方体である。ここでの直方体は、幾何学的定義を満たすものはもちろん、角部が丸められたり、ISO規格に則ったコンテナのように壁面に凹凸を有していてもよく、概ね直方体と見なせる形状を含む。
第一板部材81および第二板部材82は、図1、図3、および図4に示すように、タンク本体2の内部空間4を第一方向D1に並ぶ複数の領域に区画するように設けられている。図6では、第一板部材81のみが示されている。
図1から図3を参照して、実施形態1に用いられた第一板部材81および第二板部材82を説明する。第一板部材81は、第二板部材82よりも入口5に近い位置に配置されている。第一板部材81と第二板部材82とは、比較的大きな間隔L21を有して配置されている。第一板部材81および第二板部材82の各々には、後述する孔9が設けられている。比較的大きな間隔L21は、第一板部材81および第二板部材82の各々に設けられた複数の孔9の各円相当径のうち、最大の円相当径の10倍超の長さを有する。
図3を参照して、上述したタンク1に電解液が貯留された状態における電解液の流れを説明する。電解液は、タンク1と図7に示す電池セル100Cとの間で循環している。電解液は、出口6から流出すると共に、入口5から流入している。図3に示す電解液は、タンク本体2に充填されている。
図4および図5を参照して、実施形態2に用いられた第一板部材81および第二板部材82を説明する。第一板部材81と第二板部材82とは、第一方向D1に近接して並んでいる。近接して並んでいるとは、第一板部材81と第二板部材82との間隔L21が、第一板部材81と第二板部材82の各々に設けられた複数の孔9の各円相当径のうち、最大の円相当径の10倍以下であることをいう。近接には、第一板部材81と第二板部材82とが上記間隔L21をあけて並んでいること、または接していることを含む。上記間隔L21は、上記最大の円相当径の8倍以下、5倍以下、または3倍以下でもよい。第一板部材81と第二板部材82とが近接して並んでいる場合、第一板部材81と第二板部材82との間の空間は、内部空間4における区画された領域としてはカウントせず、無視する。
図6を参照して、実施形態3に用いられた第一板部材81を説明する。図6は、第一板部材81の一部を拡大して示している。図6に示す第一板部材81は、単一の板部材である。図6に示す第一板部材81は、第一板部材81の第一面に設けられた孔9の第一開口部811、第一板部材81の第二面に設けられた孔9の第二開口部812、および第一開口部811と第二開口部812とをつなぐ連通部813を備える。第一開口部811および第二開口部812の各々は、第一方向D1に開口している。第一開口部811と第二開口部812とは、第一方向D1に近接して配置されており、かつ第一方向D1から見たときにずれて配置されている。第一開口部811と第二開口部812との第一方向D1に沿った間隔L22は、複数の孔9の各円相当径のうち、最大の円相当径の10倍以下である。間隔L22は、第一板部材81の厚さに等しい。本例では、第一開口部811の周縁と第二開口部812の周縁とは全周にわたって重ならずにずれている。図6に示す第一板部材81は、第一板部材81の内部で第一方向D1に直交する方向に延びた空間が設けられている。この空間は、連通部813の一部である。
図7を参照して、実施形態のタンク構造10P,10Nを説明する。図7の左下に図示する方向は、タンク1の配置方向を示している。図7の左下に図示する方向は、電池セル100Cの配置方向を示しているのではない。タンク構造10Pは正極電解液106を循環させる。タンク構造10Nは負極電解液107を循環させる。
図7および図8を参照して、実施形態のRF電池システム100を説明する。RF電池システム100は、図7に示すように、電池セル100C、上述したタンク構造10P、および上述したタンク構造10Nを備える。図7では、電池セル100Cを簡略化して、電池セル100Cの正極を「+」、負極を「-」で示す。電池セル100Cの具体的な構成は図8に示す。
2 タンク本体
21 第一端壁、22 第二端壁、23 上壁、24 下壁、25 側壁
210 第一面、220 第二面
31 第一端部、32 第二端部
4 内部空間、41 第一領域、42 第二領域、43 第三領域
5 入口、6 出口
81 第一板部材、811 第一開口部、812 第二開口部、813 連通部
82 第二板部材、821 第一開口部、822 第二開口部
9 孔
D1 第一方向、D2 第二方向、D3 第三方向
L1,L3,L4,L5,L6 長さ、L21,L22 間隔
W4 幅、H4 高さ、T8 厚さ
10P,10N タンク構造
11P,11N 第一配管、11A 開口端部
12P,12N 第二配管、12B 開口端部
13P,13N ポンプ
100 レドックスフロー電池システム(RF電池システム)
100C 電池セル
101 隔膜
100P 正極セル、100N 負極セル
102 正極電極、103 負極電極
104 正極タンク、105 負極タンク
106 正極電解液、107 負極電解液
110 セルフレーム、111 枠体、112 双極板、113 シール部材
120 セルスタック、121 エンドプレート
Claims (19)
- レドックスフロー電池システムの電解液が貯留されるタンクであって、
タンク本体と、
前記タンク本体の内部空間を第一方向に並ぶ複数の領域に区画する第一板部材と、を備え、
前記タンク本体は、
前記タンク本体の前記第一方向の第一端部に設けられた前記電解液の入口と、
前記タンク本体の前記第一方向の第二端部に設けられた前記電解液の出口と、を備え、
前記第一板部材は、前記第一方向に貫通する複数の孔を備える、
タンク。 - 前記タンク本体は、前記第一方向に一様な断面形状を備える、請求項1に記載のタンク。
- 前記タンク本体の形状は、直方体であり、
前記第一方向は、前記タンク本体の長辺に沿った方向である、請求項1または請求項2に記載のタンク。 - 前記複数の孔の各々の円相当径は、前記第一板部材の厚さの1倍以上10倍以下である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記第一板部材の厚さは、2mm以上100mm以下である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記第一板部材の厚さは、前記内部空間の前記第一方向の長さの0.1%以上1%以下である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記内部空間の前記第一方向の長さは、4.5m以上12m以下である、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記入口と前記出口との間の前記第一方向の長さは、3.2m以上11.5m以下である、請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記入口と前記出口との間の前記第一方向の長さは、前記内部空間の前記第一方向の長さの75%以上95%以下である、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記第一板部材の外周縁内の面積に対する前記複数の孔の開口部の合計面積の割合は、30%以上70%以下である、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記第一方向は、重力が働く方向に垂直な方向である、請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記入口の軸および前記出口の軸の各々は、前記第一方向と交差している、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記タンク本体は、前記第一方向に向かい合う第一面と第二面とを備え、
前記第一面は、前記第一端部に位置し、
前記第二面は、前記第二端部に位置し、
前記第一板部材と前記第一面との間の長さは、前記第一板部材と前記第二面との間の長さよりも小さい、請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。 - 前記第一板部材と前記第一面との間の長さは、前記第一面と前記第二面との間の長さの10%以上30%以下である、請求項13に記載のタンク。
- さらに、前記第一板部材によって区画された前記内部空間を前記第一方向に並ぶ複数の領域に区画する第二板部材を備え、
前記第二板部材は、
前記第一板部材の位置よりも前記出口に近い位置に配置されており、
前記第一方向に貫通する複数の孔を備える、請求項1から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。 - 前記第一板部材と前記第二板部材とは、前記第一方向に近接して並んでおり、
前記第一板部材は、前記電解液が導入される前記孔の第一開口部を備え、
前記第二板部材は、前記電解液が排出される前記孔の第二開口部を備え、
前記第一開口部と前記第二開口部とは、前記第一方向から見たときにずれて配置されている、請求項15に記載のタンク。 - 前記第一板部材は、
前記第一板部材の第一面に設けられた前記孔の第一開口部と、
前記第一板部材の第二面に設けられた前記孔の第二開口部と、
前記第一開口部と前記第二開口部とをつなぐ連通部と、を備え、
前記第一開口部と前記第二開口部とは、前記第一方向に近接して配置されており、かつ前記第一方向から見たときにずれて配置されている、請求項1から請求項15のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。 - 請求項1から請求項17のいずれか1項に記載のタンクと、
前記入口に接続された第一配管と、
前記出口に接続された第二配管と、
前記第二配管に設けられたポンプと、を備える、
タンク構造。 - 請求項18に記載のタンク構造を備える、
レドックスフロー電池システム。
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JPH044569A (ja) * | 1990-04-19 | 1992-01-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電解液貯蔵タンク |
JP2000030729A (ja) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電解液流通型二次電池 |
JP2001015143A (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電解液貯蔵用タンク |
WO2017183158A1 (ja) | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | コンテナ型電池 |
JP2018198178A (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-12-13 | 株式会社デンソー | レドックスフロー電池用電解液タンク、及びレドックスフロー電池システム |
CN210200875U (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-03-27 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | 一种液流电池电解液储罐及液流电池系统 |
JP2021194961A (ja) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-27 | 愛三工業株式会社 | ヘリコプタ |
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JPH044569A (ja) * | 1990-04-19 | 1992-01-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電解液貯蔵タンク |
JP2000030729A (ja) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電解液流通型二次電池 |
JP2001015143A (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電解液貯蔵用タンク |
WO2017183158A1 (ja) | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | コンテナ型電池 |
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JP2021194961A (ja) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-27 | 愛三工業株式会社 | ヘリコプタ |
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