WO2023098932A1 - Zusatzwerkstoff zum thermischen spritzen sowie herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Zusatzwerkstoff zum thermischen spritzen sowie herstellungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023098932A1 WO2023098932A1 PCT/DE2022/000117 DE2022000117W WO2023098932A1 WO 2023098932 A1 WO2023098932 A1 WO 2023098932A1 DE 2022000117 W DE2022000117 W DE 2022000117W WO 2023098932 A1 WO2023098932 A1 WO 2023098932A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filling
- zinc
- additional material
- weight
- material according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title abstract description 23
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 corrosion-resistant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000317 environmental toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010289 gas flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
- B23K35/406—Filled tubular wire or rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to an additional material for thermal spraying to increase the wear resistance of functional surfaces subjected to wear and corrosion in lightweight construction in the form of a flux-cored wire made from a metallic sheath and a powdered filling, and a method for producing such a flux-cored wire.
- coatings are used to protect the materials, on the one hand to exploit the positive structural properties of the base materials, such as high-strength steels, and on the other hand to prevent rapid corrosion.
- coatings usually also have a price advantage compared to workpieces that are solidly made of corrosion-resistant materials, since high-alloy, i.e. corrosion-resistant, materials are usually more expensive than those that tend to corrode.
- Corrosion protection is particularly relevant when the workpieces made of high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels are used in steel structures where there is a risk of hydrogen-induced cracking during the welding process. Protection against corrosion and wear is particularly necessary in bus, train, crane, truck and ship construction. Such processes are particularly important for large steel constructions in the offshore, mining, energy and bridge sectors, as well as for large tanks and shipping containers.
- a coating for example by means of galvanic layers, also acts against impact and wear and tear and as protection against road salt, for example chlorides.
- Zinc layers, aluminum or even cadmium are suitable as galvanic coatings for rust protection on iron and steel, since they dissolve anodically due to their low electrical potential under corrosive stress.
- Other metal layers such as tin, nickel or chromium are less suitable for corrosive stress, as they are nobler than steel. Defects and pores in such layers accelerate corrosion.
- a coating of non-metallic lightweight materials, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, or other sensitive materials is desirable. The problem here is that high temperatures can damage these materials. The application of coatings can therefore be problematic.
- Zinc is a particularly suitable, corrosion-resistant coating material, which is often used in combination with other materials, such as chromium, in an alloy.
- zinc alloys with a nickel content of 6 to 15% have already been developed in the prior art, which achieve 2 to 3 times the corrosion resistance compared to chromated zinc layers.
- DE 697 14 773 T2 describes a high-percentage zinc alloy which is used as a corrosion-inhibiting coating on ferrous materials.
- the zinc alloy has 0 - 0.25% aluminum and optionally small amounts of lead, nickel or vanadium.
- the coating is produced by means of a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process.
- the workpieces are cleaned in a laborious process and then passed through a bath of molten zinc. At temperatures of up to 450 °C, the zinc molecules adhere well to the steel surface. Contact with air, which contains oxygen and also carbon dioxide, produces zinc oxide and zinc carbonate.
- Spray galvanizing an additional material made of zinc wire is melted by an arc or a flame and applied to the surface of the workpiece in the form of fine particles using a medium such as compressed air.
- the zinc which is still liquid, adheres extremely well to porous, previously sandblasted surfaces and forms a layer with corrosion protection.
- Spray galvanizing optimally prepares the surface of the workpiece for further processing such as coating or painting.
- the thermal load on the workpiece is advantageously very low, so that even large surfaces or frames do not warp. The resulting corrosion protection is excellent.
- a zinc-based coating is known from the prior art from DE 10 2010 064 222 A1, which also contains aluminum, titanium and/or zirconium in addition to silicon. The mixture is applied using arc spraying or gas flame spraying.
- DE 198 11 447 A1 discloses a wire based on zinc and aluminum which optionally contains indium. This wire can be applied by thermal spraying as a corrosion protection, especially against high humidity with high concentrations of chlorine ions.
- the zinc alloys described therein are processed in the form of a solid wire.
- the additional materials are solidly made of an alloy adapted to the intended use.
- the further processing The alloyed zinc wires are formed by cold forming, which has the disadvantage of severely restricting wire production, since large cross-section reductions are not possible when solid wires are used. Consequently, using cored wires has some advantages over solid wires.
- the additional materials to be processed in spray galvanizing should be solid wires if possible.
- cored wires are not used as additional materials since the alloying elements are not evenly distributed, which is necessary for an effective anti-corrosive coating.
- Cored wires on the other hand, which consist of a surrounding sheath and a powdered filling contained therein, are easier to form.
- the use of cored wires makes it possible to advantageously process high-alloy materials or hard materials which, due to their material-specific properties as solid wire, have problems with regard to their formability.
- the cored wire's sheath typically consists of iron, nickel or cobalt materials, which are filled with a powder filling.
- US Pat. No. 6,190,740 B1 discloses a flux-cored wire which has zinc. Although this can improve slip resistance, which is also a type of wear, the resulting hardness of the resulting coating is low due to the materials selected and is therefore not sufficient to obtain good general wear resistance, in particular against fretting corrosion. Furthermore, the disclosed flux-cored wire is designed to be form-closed, which results in disadvantages.
- CN 1 446 936 A also discloses a flux-cored wire which has zinc. However, this is also disadvantageously designed in a form-closed manner.
- the seam of the sheath is either effectively closed using a laser process or the powdered filling is poured directly into a closed tube.
- seamless cored wires can be advantageously processed on both dry and wet drawing machines.
- Form-closed cored wires on the other hand, can only be drawn or rolled dry, as moisture penetrates the filling when drawing in liquids, i.e. with a wet drawing agent. As a result, this can lead to increased hydrogen content in the applied alloy during welding processing, which is why hydrogen-induced cracking would be promoted in high-strength steels.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an alternative additive material which enables workpieces to be coated effectively in order to protect them from wear and corrosion, and also a method for producing such an additive.
- the object is solved by an object with the features according to the independent patent claims. Further developments are specified in the dependent claims.
- the task is solved in particular by an additional material for thermal spraying in the form of a flux-cored wire.
- This is suitable for increasing the wear resistance of functional surfaces subjected to wear and corrosion. This is also suitable for improving, in particular increasing, the shielding of electromagnetic radiation for coating on non-metallic lightweight construction materials.
- the additional material in the form of a cored wire consists of a metallic sheath and a powdered filling.
- the additional material is characterized in that the jacket has 80 to 100 percent by weight zinc and up to 20 percent by weight aluminum.
- the powdered filling has several alloy components.
- the jacket can have other materials, but the jacket preferably consists of 80 to 100 percent by weight zinc and up to 20 percent by weight aluminum and has no other material.
- the coat is therefore either pure zinc or it consists of a zinc alloy with up to 20 percent by weight aluminum.
- Zinc has a low melting point, so that particularly high temperatures can be avoided. In this way, the thermal load on the component to be coated is advantageously lower. In addition, advantageously fewer undesirable reactions occur at lower temperatures.
- non-metallic materials in particular non-metallic lightweight materials such as, for example, glass fiber-reinforced plastic, or other sensitive, in particular heat-sensitive, materials.
- a coating with the additional material according to the invention on non-metallic lightweight materials, in particular on glass fiber reinforced plastics advantageously increases the thermal resilience of the workpieces. A thermal resilience of up to 250 °C is tolerable.
- a further advantage of the filler material according to the invention is that the surface can be supplied in different colors, depending on the decorative requirements for example metallic silver-grey or bluish violet, in particular iridescent, can be passivated.
- the surface can also be applied with a seal so that the sliding properties can also be improved.
- the flux-cored wire is designed as a seamless flux-cored wire, that is to say with a seamless sheath, also to be referred to as a seamless sheath.
- a seamless flux-cored wire is a flux-cored wire whose jacket is closed in the form of a tube, for which purpose either a tube is filled or an egg-shaped band is butt-closed and then closed by means of a laser welding process.
- a seamless cored wire does not have an overlap of the sheath and there is also no gap through which moisture or water or liquid could penetrate.
- the filler material can thus advantageously be processed on wet-drawing machines, on which the filler material can be produced thinner than is possible when producing a solid wire.
- the moisture used in wet drawing cannot penetrate into the filling material in the case of a seamless cored wire.
- a material or a mixture of materials is metallic if it consists of one or more metals and/or one or more metal alloys.
- a metallic material or metal mixture therefore has no non-metallic materials.
- the cored wire In order to ensure effective protection against corrosion, it is necessary for the cored wire to be completely filled.
- the cored wire must therefore have no or almost no air pockets.
- the proportion of air in the filling is preferably at most 5% by volume, particularly preferably at most 2% by volume.
- Complete filling can be ensured during manufacture by drawing, preferably wet drawing. Due to the drawing process, in which the diameter of the cored wire is reduced, the filling in seamless cored wires is more dense than in form-closed cored wires.
- the meter weight, i.e. the weight per running meter of flux-cored wire, of a seamless flux-cored wire is therefore generally higher than that of a form-fitted wire with the same diameter.
- the higher density due to the high compression means that the air is displaced. Air penetrates through openings to the outside.
- An additional material is advantageous in the form of a seamless cored wire, less air, in particular less oxygen and nitrogen, which means that more corrosion-resistant coatings can be realized
- a seamless flux-cored wire Due to its properties, in particular due to the higher density of the filling even before drawing, a seamless flux-cored wire has the further advantage that different diameters can be produced from an initial flux-cored wire, i.e. a flux-cored wire that is already filled but not yet drawn to the final diameter. In this way, a batch of a seamless cored wire can advantageously be used to produce different cored wires with different final diameters. This increases the area of application. This flexibility does not exist in the production of form-fitted cored wires.
- an additional material can also be referred to as a spray material or as a material wire.
- the filler wire described here can also be a filler strip within the meaning of the invention.
- a filling band does not have a circular but an oval cross-section.
- a filled tube is formed into a filling strip with an oval cross-section by means of a rolling process.
- different diameters can be realized and, in particular, flat filling strips can also be produced.
- the flux-cored wire has a solid sheath, which is also referred to here as a sheath, made of a first material or a first combination of materials, and that inside this sheath there is a second combination of materials in the form of a powder.
- thermal spraying by means of an additional material according to the invention can ensure a uniform coating, ie a coating in which the individual materials of the additional material are evenly distributed.
- thermal spraying such as arc spraying
- metallurgical reactions take place in the drop that is formed, which increases the uniformity in the layers.
- the additional material according to the invention can advantageously be used for a coating of steel, cast iron, aluminum, magnesium and their alloys, as a result of which effective corrosion and wear protection of the coated components or materials is made possible.
- An increase in the hardness of the resulting coating can be achieved precisely through the interaction of zinc and other alloy materials.
- the hardness of the steel surface is many times higher than that of the zinc layer. It is therefore desirable to increase the hardness of the zinc layer and thereby increase the wear resistance, which ultimately offers better protection against damage, such as scratches, for example, which would also prevent corrosion starting on such damage.
- the additional material according to the invention therefore even leads to the prevention of tribocorrosion, i.e. wear in connection with corrosion, in that layers are produced according to the invention that increase the wear resistance on various corrosive media by layer hardnesses being achieved which exceed the pure zinc hardness by a multiple.
- the filler material preferably has no copper. Since zinc has a significantly more suitable electrochemical potential than copper, the corrosion processes can be positively influenced as a result. If copper were used, there would be a risk of a galvanic element forming. It is well known that layers of more precious metals only protect steel as long as the coatings are impervious. If a pore or damage develops in one place, a galvanic cell forms and steel is attacked even more than if it were not protected at all. Corrosion protection can thus be improved by doing without copper.
- the additional material has no solid lubricants.
- the materials for the filling especially minerals, must be stable compounds that are not reduced by other filling materials, ie do not react with zinc. Furthermore, suitable filling materials should advantageously increase mineral wear resistance.
- the filler material is particularly suitable for coating steel with a yield point of more than 550 MPa, which is particularly susceptible to hydrogen-induced cracks.
- the additional material can be applied to the base material by means of a coating process. Possible coating processes are thermal spraying techniques such as arc spraying and build-up welding.
- the additional material according to the invention can also reduce the risk of hydrogen-reduced cracking on steel because, on the one hand, this additional material can be produced with a very small proportion of hydrogen and, on the other hand, because the coating process that can be used can be carried out at low temperatures.
- the filler material preferably has a low hydrogen content of less than 3 ml per 100 g, preferably less than 2.5 ml per 100 g, particularly preferably less than 2 ml per 100 g.
- the additive material according to the invention preferably the additive material with a low hydrogen content, can advantageously be used to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of the coating, which can advantageously ensure better protection in the maritime sector, for example with a high chlorine content. Hydrogen-induced cracking in structures made of high-strength steels can be prevented. There processing of the filler material is possible using different methods, a local repair or renovation of workpieces can be realized in addition to the production of new workpieces.
- the additional material in the form of a flux-cored wire preferably has a diameter in a range of 1.6-5.0 mm.
- the filling consists of hard material and/or metal oxide and/or metal.
- transition metals are also included in the term metals.
- Hard materials are, for example, borides or carbides.
- the filling preferably has zinc or aluminum or a zinc-aluminum alloy.
- the filling material mixture is preferably designed as a zinc-nickel mixture.
- the zinc-nickel mixture is a composition of several materials which contains zinc and nickel.
- the zinc-nickel mixture optionally includes other materials in addition to zinc and nickel.
- the addition of nickel to the filler material of the invention increases the hardness of the resulting coating. This can advantageously improve the wear resistance of the resulting coating.
- Coarse zinc components with grain sizes of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm are preferably combined here with fine nickel powders.
- the grain sizes of the nickel powder are preferably in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 0.1 mm.
- the fine nickel powder adheres to the outside of the coarse zinc components, so that an even distribution of the nickel in relation to the zinc components is advantageously ensured. Due to the low melting point of zinc, the fine nickel powder is then evenly distributed in the liquid zinc, so that the even distribution is then also given after the melting of the coarse zinc-containing components.
- a filling material mixture is a mixture of at least two materials, preferably of several metal alloys, which is suitable to serve as the basis for the filling of a cored wire for thermal spraying.
- contacts in the high-voltage range and/or ground returns and/or ruptured wear can also be positively influenced by zinc-nickel surfaces.
- shielding against electromagnetic interference fields can advantageously be achieved.
- Such a coating can therefore also be used in areas to improve electromagnetic compatibility.
- Such shielding is particularly advantageous on workpieces made from non-metallic materials such as wood or bamboo. In this way, such materials can also be protected from electromagnetic radiation.
- an external coating of houses made of wood can also be realized in this way, which can thus be protected from electromagnetic radiation.
- the filling also has Al2O3 or ZrO2 or vanadium carbide in addition to zinc and nickel.
- the filling preferably has zinc and 25-70% by weight nickel and 5-15% by weight Al2O3.
- zinc-nickel coatings Due to the addition of the more corrosion-resistant nickel, zinc-nickel coatings usually show lower removal rates than pure zinc coatings. Corrosion products from zinc-nickel coatings also usually advantageously have a smaller volume. In the area of high-strength steels up to 1500 MPa, zinc-nickel layers replace layers based on the environmental toxin cadmium with less hydrogen embrittlement, good paint adhesion and compatibility with aluminum, which are often applied to the surface in subsequent processes.
- the filling has zinc and 25-70% by weight nickel and 5-15% by weight ZrO 2 .
- the filling has aluminum and 25-70% by weight nickel and 10-30% by weight manganese.
- the filling comprises zinc and 20-70% by weight nickel and 25-70% by weight vanadium carbide.
- a further option provides for a filling comprising a zinc-aluminum alloy and 20-70% by weight nickel and 25-70% by weight vanadium carbide.
- the filling also contains typical impurities that are to be expected.
- the filling optionally also has proportions of nickel and/or aluminum and/or titanium boride (TiB 2 ) and/or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and/or zinc phosphate and/or titanium carbide and/or Cr(II) oxide and/or alloys thereof on.
- the combinations of materials described can contain other materials or optionally only consist of the material combinations mentioned. A special suitability for the coating could be determined for the mentioned material combinations without further materials.
- the filler material preferably has no copper and also no chromium.
- a waiver of chromium reliably prevents the formation of harmful chromium(VI) alloys.
- the filling has fibers, preferably carbon fibers.
- the fibers lead to an even spacing of the other powder elements contained in the filling, so that a homogeneous distribution is achieved.
- Short fibers are preferably used. This can be carbon fibers and/or basalt fibers.
- Such fibers increase the hardness of the resulting coating and thus advantageously increase wear resistance.
- a method for producing an additional material according to the invention for thermal spraying in the form of a cored wire which comprises the following steps: a) dry mixing of a filling material mixture, b) compression of the filling material mixture using a binder while it is at a temperature of 150 - 300 °C, preferably at 150 - 200 °C, is heated, c) comminution of the compressed filling material mixture from step b), d) vibrating the filling material mixture into a metallic tube.
- the vibrated filling material mixture thus forms the powdery filling in the pipe.
- the metallic tube forms the jacket of the cored wire and consists of a zinc alloy or zinc. Such a tube is preferably designed to be seamless.
- This filler material is suitable for increasing the wear resistance of functional surfaces subjected to wear and corrosion and/or for increasing and thus improving the shielding of electromagnetic radiation for coating on non-metallic lightweight materials.
- the filling material mixture preferably has a grain size of less than 0.40 mm.
- the filling material mixture is pressed together and/or the dry mixing is preferably carried out under protective gas. Avoiding the entry of moisture has the advantage that it prevents hydrogen-induced cracking.
- Carrying out a process or process step under protective gas here for example the compression of the filling material mixture, is in the sense of the invention the carrying out of this process while avoiding in particular the supply of oxygen and/or moisture.
- the protective gas is fed to the zinc-nickel mixture.
- the protective gas used is, for example, argon.
- the binder is a binder which volatilizes easily, i.e. a fugitive binder such as alcohol which aids in the agglomeration of the restorative mixture.
- step c The comminution of the compressed filling material mixture according to step c is preferably carried out with a rotor screen mill.
- a further step takes place after the comminution, which includes the sieving of the comminuted filling material mixture.
- the method additionally comprises a step in which the packing material mixture is treated in a reactor with a pulsed gas flow at 150-300°C.
- the homogeneity of the filling material mixture can advantageously be increased, ie improved.
- the filling material mixture is filled into the tube using vibrations in accordance with the invention in such a way that the most uniform possible distribution of the individual materials in the tube is achieved.
- the steps are preferably carried out in the order given.
- the parameters of the steps of comminuting the compressed filling material mixture, for example a zinc-nickel mixture, and the step of screening the filling material mixture are geared towards obtaining a free-flowing dry agglomerate.
- the particle sizes preferably have a diameter of less than 0.40 mm or 0.35 mm. In any process steps it is preferably realized that contact between the filling material mixture and oxygen is avoided or at least reduced. This also applies to contact of the filling material mixture with moisture.
- the tube is then preferably drawn to its final diameter. In this case, a further compaction of the powdered filling advantageously takes place.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of an additional material according to the invention in thermal spraying, preferably in arc spraying.
- a coating using an additional material according to the invention by means of thermal spraying is particularly suitable for coating high-strength materials. Otherwise, coated high-strength materials often have the disadvantage of a high risk of hydrogen-reduced cracking. The large stresses that result from the high temperatures during hot-dip galvanizing are particularly problematic here. This risk can be greatly reduced in the case of a coating by means of thermal spraying with an additional material according to the invention.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of an additional material according to the invention for producing a coating on a surface of a workpiece made of non-metallic lightweight materials. As a result, the shielding from electromagnetic radiation can advantageously be increased and thus improved.
- an additional material in the form of a flux-cored wire is proposed, which is suitable for thermal spraying.
- the filler material is formed from an outer shell and a powdered filling contained therein, the shell containing zinc.
- the filling can also contain zinc or a zinc alloy.
- a filling of a seamless pipe is achieved in that the filling material mixture is heated and pressed under an inert gas. The filling material mixture that is then comminuted can then be filled into the seamless tube without segregating again and thus forms the filling of the filler material.
- a uniform distribution of the individual materials of the filling is particularly relevant for using the filler material for thermal spraying, in particular for arc spraying, since the metallurgical reactions taking place in the droplets forming between the electrodes require the individual materials to be in close proximity to one another.
- the jacket consists of Zn-Al2 and the filling has 60% by weight nickel and 15% by weight Al 2 O 3 and also zinc-aluminum powder, zinc and aluminum being contained therein in equal parts .
- Zn-Al2 is a zinc-aluminum alloy containing zinc and 2% by weight aluminum.
- the jacket is made of Zn-Al2 and the filling consists of 70% by weight nickel and 30% by weight manganese.
- the jacket is made of Zn-Al2 and the filling consists of 40% by weight nickel and 40% by weight vanadium carbide and 20% by weight zinc powder.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021005998.0 | 2021-12-04 | ||
DE102021005998.0A DE102021005998A1 (de) | 2021-12-04 | 2021-12-04 | Zusatzwerkstoff zum thermischen Spritzen sowie Herstellungsverfahren |
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WO2023098932A1 true WO2023098932A1 (de) | 2023-06-08 |
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PCT/DE2022/000117 WO2023098932A1 (de) | 2021-12-04 | 2022-12-01 | Zusatzwerkstoff zum thermischen spritzen sowie herstellungsverfahren |
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Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19811447A1 (de) | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-30 | Grillo Werke Ag | Draht auf Basis von Zink und Aluminium und seine Verwendung beim thermischen Spritzen als Korrosionsschutz |
US6190740B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2001-02-20 | Frank S Rogers | Article providing corrosion protection with wear resistant properties |
DE69714773T2 (de) | 1997-01-02 | 2003-04-24 | Floridienne Chimie S A | Zinklegierungen, die korrosionshemmende beschichtungen auf eisenwerkstoffe liefeern |
CN1446936A (zh) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-08 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种锌基热喷涂管状丝材及其应用 |
DE10324713A1 (de) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Erhard Dipl.-Ing. Scholz | Spritzwerkstoff zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit |
DE10017285B4 (de) * | 2000-04-06 | 2005-06-09 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Synchronisierring und Verfahren zum Beschichten des Gleitbereiches eines Synchronisierrings |
WO2006086042A2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-08-17 | The Boeing Company | Wire-arc spraying of a zinc-nickel coating |
DE102010064222A1 (de) | 2010-12-27 | 2012-06-28 | Stefan Hundt | Beschichtetes Metallsubstrat |
CA3076185A1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-19 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing using aluminum metal-cored wire |
-
2021
- 2021-12-04 DE DE102021005998.0A patent/DE102021005998A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-01 WO PCT/DE2022/000117 patent/WO2023098932A1/de unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69714773T2 (de) | 1997-01-02 | 2003-04-24 | Floridienne Chimie S A | Zinklegierungen, die korrosionshemmende beschichtungen auf eisenwerkstoffe liefeern |
DE19811447A1 (de) | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-30 | Grillo Werke Ag | Draht auf Basis von Zink und Aluminium und seine Verwendung beim thermischen Spritzen als Korrosionsschutz |
US6190740B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2001-02-20 | Frank S Rogers | Article providing corrosion protection with wear resistant properties |
DE10017285B4 (de) * | 2000-04-06 | 2005-06-09 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Synchronisierring und Verfahren zum Beschichten des Gleitbereiches eines Synchronisierrings |
CN1446936A (zh) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-08 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种锌基热喷涂管状丝材及其应用 |
DE10324713A1 (de) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Erhard Dipl.-Ing. Scholz | Spritzwerkstoff zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit |
WO2006086042A2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-08-17 | The Boeing Company | Wire-arc spraying of a zinc-nickel coating |
DE102010064222A1 (de) | 2010-12-27 | 2012-06-28 | Stefan Hundt | Beschichtetes Metallsubstrat |
CA3076185A1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-19 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing using aluminum metal-cored wire |
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