WO2023098795A1 - 挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车 - Google Patents

挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098795A1
WO2023098795A1 PCT/CN2022/135856 CN2022135856W WO2023098795A1 WO 2023098795 A1 WO2023098795 A1 WO 2023098795A1 CN 2022135856 W CN2022135856 W CN 2022135856W WO 2023098795 A1 WO2023098795 A1 WO 2023098795A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
magnetized body
adjustment mechanism
magnetic field
magnetic
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PCT/CN2022/135856
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤剑宏
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蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司
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Publication of WO2023098795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098795A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0278—Constructional features of the selector lever, e.g. grip parts, mounting or manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/24—Providing feel, e.g. to enable selection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/24—Providing feel, e.g. to enable selection
    • F16H2061/241—Actuators providing feel or simulating a shift gate, i.e. with active force generation for providing counter forces for feed back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of gear control, and specifically provides a gear adjusting mechanism, a gear switch and an automobile.
  • the gear adjustment mechanism can be used in many fields, such as automobiles, production equipment, etc.
  • the combination switch set on it can integrate various control functions according to actual needs, such as the indicating function of driving direction, vehicle lighting function, the conversion function of low beam and high beam, and the wiper and washing functions of the wiper, etc.
  • the handle and the shift switch of the steering column switch of the automobile usually adopt a mechanical structure that is rotated or translated to realize the shift function. , springs and pins, the adjustment of the feel is determined by the parameter selection of the spring and the 3D contour design of the curved surface block, the lubricating grease added to the curved surface block can play a role in reducing noise, specifically, the spring and the pin are fixed on the On the handle, one end of the pin is pre-pressed on the curved surface block. During the process of turning the handle, the pin slides on the curved surface block. Because of the curvature design of the curved surface, the pressure on the spring is constantly changing, resulting in different hand feeling forces.
  • the gear feel is formed, and the oil film formed by the grease during the sliding process of the curved surface block and the pin reduces noise and stagnation.
  • lubricating grease has higher requirements on environmental issues. When the temperature is too high, the grease is closer to liquid, and the movement of the pin on the curved surface block is not protected by the oil film layer, which will cause abnormal noise. When the temperature is too low At this time, the oil tends to be more solid, and the movement process is affected by the viscosity of the oil, which will cause sticking and sticking problems.
  • the present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, that is, to solve the problem that the lubricating grease is easily affected by temperature when the mechanical moving parts are used in the realization of the hand feeling force of the existing gear adjustment mechanism, so that the mechanical moving parts are prone to abnormal noise or sticking. .
  • the present invention provides a gear adjustment mechanism
  • the gear adjustment mechanism includes a handle, a magnetized body, a fixed bracket, a magnetic field detection element and a magnetic component
  • the handle is connected with the magnetized body and can drive the The magnetized body rotates, N poles and S poles are alternately arranged on the magnetized body, and the fixed bracket can maintain the relative distance between the magnetized body and the magnetic member;
  • the magnetic field detection element can detect the change of the magnetic field of the magnetized body, and the magnetic member and the magnetized body constantly alternate between mutual repulsion and mutual attraction.
  • the magnetic component includes a connected electromagnet and a control unit, the electromagnet is connected to the fixed bracket, and the control unit can control the current on and off of the electromagnet and size.
  • the magnetic component includes a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is connected to the fixing bracket.
  • the handle is connected to the magnetized body through a gear pair to drive the magnetized body to rotate, and the gear pair is connected to the fixed bracket.
  • the gear pair includes a driving gear and a driven gear that are meshed, one end of the handle is connected to the driving gear, and the driven gear is connected to the magnetized body , the driving gear and the driven gear are both rotatably connected to the fixed bracket.
  • the fixed bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket that are detachably connected, the gear pair is connected to the first bracket, and the magnetic field detection element and the The magnetic components are all connected to the second bracket.
  • the shape of the magnetized body is ring-shaped, and the N poles and S poles on the magnetized body are alternately arranged in a ring shape, and the gear pair and the magnetic field detection element are respectively located at the The two sides of the end face of the magnetized body.
  • the magnetic field detection element includes a plurality of Hall sensors, and the plurality of Hall sensors are arranged on a circuit board.
  • the present invention also provides a gear switch, which includes the above-mentioned gear adjustment mechanism.
  • the present invention also provides a car, which includes the above-mentioned gear switch.
  • the present invention realizes the change of the feel force of the gear adjustment mechanism by adopting a non-contact structure in which the magnetic force continuously alternately attracts and repels, and avoids abnormal noise and jamming when using contact-type mechanical moving parts. Sticky problems, while reducing the use of oleochemicals, to meet the needs of environmental protection and health.
  • the magnetized body not only serves as a component that enables the magnetic field detection element to detect the change of the magnetic field and then recognizes the gear, but also serves as a component that cooperates with the magnetic component to realize the change of the hand feeling force, that is, the hand force providing mechanism and the signal conversion mechanism are combined to reduce the cost of the product. Reduce complexity, reduce product cost, and improve user experience.
  • control unit can control the on-off and size of the electromagnet, thereby controlling the magnetic force between the electromagnet and the magnetized body, so that the hand feeling operation force of the gear adjustment mechanism can be customized and adjusted according to the needs of users to meet the needs of different users. needs to further enhance the user experience.
  • the combination of the permanent magnet and the magnetized body can not only realize the continuous change of the hand-feeling operation force, but also reduce the cost of the product.
  • the use of the gear pair can ensure the stable transmission of the operating force of the handle to the magnetized body, and realize the stable rotation of the magnetized body.
  • gear switch adopts the above-mentioned gear adjustment mechanism, it can have the above-mentioned technical effect, and can make the mechanical structure of the gear switch simpler and reduce the complexity of product design.
  • the car when the car adopts the gear switch with the above-mentioned gear adjustment mechanism, it can have the above-mentioned technical effect, and reduce the use of grease chemicals on the human-machine interface products in the car, so as to meet the environmental protection and health requirements in the car ,
  • the custom adjustment of the hand feel and operating force can meet the needs of users in the current smart cockpit field for personalized experience.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure diagram one of the first embodiment of the gear adjustment mechanism of the automobile steering column switch of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the second embodiment of the gear adjustment mechanism of the automobile steering column switch of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram II of the first embodiment of the gear adjustment mechanism of the automobile steering column switch of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram three of the first embodiment of the gear adjustment mechanism of the automobile steering column switch of the present invention.
  • gear adjustment mechanism of the present invention is described in conjunction with the steering column switch of the automobile, it does not mean that the gear adjustment mechanism cannot be applied to other positions of the automobile, for example, it can also be applied to other gear switches.
  • the gear adjustment mechanism can also be applied to other non-automotive fields, such as production equipment, etc.
  • the adjustment of such application objects does not constitute a limitation to the present invention, and should be limited within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides A gear adjustment mechanism for an automobile steering column switch, which aims to avoid the problems of abnormal noise and sticking caused by the use of contact-type mechanical moving parts, and at the same time reduce the contamination of grease chemicals on the human-machine interface products in the car Using it can meet the needs of environmental protection and health in the car, and can also reduce the complexity of the product, reduce the cost of the product, and improve the user experience.
  • the automobile steering column switch of the present invention includes a gear adjustment mechanism, and the gear adjustment mechanism includes a handle 1, a magnetized body 2, a fixed bracket 3, a magnetic field detection element 4 and a magnetic component 5, and the handle 1 and
  • the magnetizer 2 is connected, the driver toggles the handle 1 when adjusting the gear, the handle 1 drives the magnetizer 2 to rotate, the magnetizer 2 is alternately arranged with N poles and S poles, and the respective numbers of N poles and S poles can be arranged flexibly.
  • the shape of the magnetized body 2 can be fan-shaped, also can be circular, can also be annular, or be other shapes, those skilled in the art can set flexibly, in the process that the magnetized body 2 rotates, the magnetic field detection element 4 can detect The change of the magnetic field is thus converted into an electrical signal for identifying the gear position.
  • the magnetic component 5 is arranged close to the magnetizing body 2 and maintains the relative distance between the magnetizing body 2 and the magnetic component 5 through the fixed bracket 3 to avoid the magnetizing body 2 and the magnetic component. 5 causes the relative distance between the two to change.
  • the magnetic force member 5 and the magnetizing body 2 are mutually repelling and reciprocal.
  • the magnetic component 5 can be N pole or S pole, and the magnetic component 5 can be a combined structure of an electromagnet and a control unit, it can also be a permanent magnet, or other forms of magnetic structure can be used , as long as the magnetic member 5 forms a constantly changing magnetic attraction force and a magnetic repulsion force with the magnetization body 2 when the magnetization body 2 rotates, through such an arrangement, when the driver operates the handle 1, a constantly changing feel force can be produced, Moreover, the magnetic component 5 and the magnetized body 2 are non-contact, so that problems such as abnormal noise and sticking can be avoided.
  • the magnetized body 2 is not only used as a component for the magnetic field detection element 4 to detect the change of gear, but also as a component for providing hand feeling force, that is, the magnetized body 2 has the above two functions at the same time, which can greatly simplify the gear adjustment mechanism
  • the structure reduces the complexity of product design, and is also conducive to space layout, providing more flexibility for the design of automotive steering column switches.
  • the magnetic field detection element 4 can include a plurality of Hall sensors 41, all of which are integrated on the circuit board 8, and the number and arrangement of the Hall sensors 41 can be determined according to the shape of the magnetizer 2 and its N pole and S pole.
  • the layout can be set flexibly. In one possible situation, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the shape of the magnetizer 2 is ring-shaped, the N poles and S poles on the magnetizer 2 are alternately arranged in a ring shape, and a plurality of Hall sensors 41 are arranged in a ring shape in the circuit On the board 8, a plurality of Hall sensors 41 can be used to detect real-time changes in the magnetic field of the magnetized body 2 when it rotates, and the circuit board 8 can accurately determine the gear through the converted electrical signal.
  • the human-computer interaction interface, the keys and the human-computer interaction interface can all be electrically connected to the circuit board 8, and the circuit board 8 recognizes the user's operation and sends instructions to designated components.
  • the magnetic force member 5 includes a connected electromagnet 51a and a control unit 51b
  • the electromagnet 51a is connected with the fixed bracket 3, that is, the magnetized body is held by the fixed bracket 3 2 and the relative distance between the electromagnet 51a
  • the N pole of the magnetizer 2 is represented by a white part
  • the S pole is represented by a black part
  • the control unit 51b is electrically connected with the electromagnet 51a to control Unit 51b can control the current on and off of electromagnet 51a, and can adjust the current size of electromagnet 51a when energized.
  • the polarity of electromagnet 51a can also be determined by the direction of energized current, for example, the polarity of electromagnet 51a can be adjusted. Be determined as N pole, when the energizing current of electromagnet 51a increases, can increase the magnetic force between electromagnet 51a and magnetizing body 2, when the energizing current of electromagnet 51a reduces, can reduce electromagnet 51a and magnetizing body 2, when the electromagnet 51a is completely powered off, there is no mutual magnetic force between the electromagnet 51a and the magnetizer 2. With such a setting, when the car can interact with the user, the user can customize Handle force of operating handle 1.
  • the current size of the electromagnet 51a is regulated by the duty cycle of the PWM, which can realize different "time-current” curves, and can control the magnitude of the magnetic force between the electromagnet 51a and the magnetizer 2 through different "time-current” curves, Realize the adjustment of the feel force, so that the user can adjust the duty cycle of the PWM through the operation of the user-defined interface, and realize the function of customizing the feel.
  • the duty cycle is the ratio of the time for the high level of the output PWM to the time of the clock cycle of the PWM.
  • the above-mentioned control unit 51b can be an MCU (micro control unit), and can also be other control elements that can realize the current regulation of the electromagnet 51a, and those skilled in the art can flexibly set this.
  • the polarity of the electromagnet 51a is an example of the N pole.
  • the electromagnet 51a corresponds to the S pole on the magnetizing body 2
  • the electromagnet 51a and the magnetizing body 2 attract each other.
  • the electromagnet 51a and the magnetizing body 2 When the N pole was corresponding, the electromagnet 51a and the magnetized body 2 repelled each other, and the polarity of the electromagnet 51a was an example of the S pole.
  • the magnets 2 repel each other, and when the electromagnet 51 a corresponds to the N pole of the magnetized body 2 , the electromagnet 51 a and the magnetized body 2 attract each other.
  • the magnetic component 5 includes a permanent magnet 52, and the permanent magnet 52 is connected with the fixed bracket 3, that is, the relative relationship between the magnetized body 2 and the permanent magnet 52 is maintained by the fixed bracket 3. distance, when the magnetizing body 2 rotates, the permanent magnet 52 and the N pole and S pole on the magnetizing body 2 continuously alternately act, thereby generating alternating magnetic attraction force and magnetic repulsion force, and then continuously changing hand feeling force.
  • the polarity of the permanent magnet 52 can be N pole or S pole, and the permanent magnet 52 has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. Specifically, the polarity of the permanent magnet 52 is an example of an N pole.
  • the permanent magnet 52 corresponds to the S pole on the magnetized body 2
  • the permanent magnet 52 and the magnetized body 2 attract each other.
  • the permanent magnet 52 and the magnetized body 2 When the N pole was corresponding, the permanent magnet 52 and the magnetized body 2 repelled each other, and the polarity of the permanent magnet 52 was an S pole example, and when the permanent magnet 52 was corresponding to the S pole on the magnetized body 2, the permanent magnet 52 and the charged magnetized body 2 were corresponding.
  • the magnets 2 repel each other, and when the permanent magnet 52 corresponds to the N pole of the magnetized body 2 , the permanent magnet 52 and the magnetized body 2 attract each other.
  • the rotation of the handle 1 to drive the magnetizer 2 can be transmitted through a gear pair.
  • the gear pair is connected to the fixed bracket 3.
  • the gear pair can adopt a double-gear structure, or more than two gears can be used. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set the structure of the gear fit.
  • the gear pair includes a driving gear 6 and a driven gear 7 that are meshed, one end of the handle 1 is connected to the driving gear 6, and the driven gear 7 is connected to the magnetizing body 2 , the driving gear 6 and the driven gear 7 are both rotatably connected to the fixed bracket 3, specifically, one end of the handle 1 and the axis center of the driving gear 6 can be fixed on a shaft, and then the shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed bracket 3, of course, the shaft and the driving gear 6 can also be set as one, and then one end of the handle 1 is fixed on the shaft.
  • the axis of the driven gear 7 can be connected to the fixed bracket 3 through a shaft rotation, and then the magnetized body 2 is connected with the driven gear 7, and the magnetized body 2 can be detachably connected with the driven gear 7 or be set as one.
  • the shape of the magnetizing body 2 is preferably circular or ring-shaped, and the axis of the magnetizing body 2 is collinear with the axis of the driven gear 7 .
  • the direction of rotation of the driving gear 6 is opposite to that of the driven gear 7, and the driven gear 7 rotates and then drives the magnetizing body 2 to rotate, so that the alternately arranged N poles and S poles on the magnetizing body 2 act on the magnetic force member 5 alternately, thereby forming a constantly changing hand feeling force, and the magnetic field detection element 4 can detect the magnetic field of the magnetizing body 2
  • the magnetic field changes to identify the shifted gear.
  • the diameter of the driving gear 6 can be set to be larger than the diameter of the driven gear 7.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the driving gear 6 can rotate a small angle to make the driven gear 7 rotate a larger angle, that is , amplify the small-angle rotation of the handle 1 into the continuous large-angle rotation of the magnetizer 2, so that the magnetic field detection element 4 such as the Hall sensor 41 can continuously collect the magnetic field transformation signal, and use the phase difference of the sampling signal to judge the gear direction and operation angle to realize function control, and it is beneficial for the N pole and S pole on the magnetizer 2 to interact with the magnetic member 5 alternately, and a more varied hand feeling force can be formed in a very short stroke of the handle 1 rotation.
  • the size and transmission ratio of the driving gear 6 and the driven gear 7 can be flexibly set according to the overall size of the steering column switch of the automobile and the needs of users.
  • the fixed bracket 3 can be an integrated bracket or a separate bracket.
  • the first bracket 31 and the second bracket 32 can be connected by screwing, clamping or a combination of the two, of course, other connection methods can also be used to detachably connect the first bracket 31 and the second bracket 32
  • the gear pair is connected to the first bracket 31
  • the magnetic field detection element 4 and the magnetic component 5 are both connected to the second bracket 32
  • the magnetic component 5 can be connected to the second bracket by screwing, clipping or a combination of the two 32, or use other methods to connect the magnetic member 5 with the second bracket 32
  • the magnetic field detection element 4 can be connected to the second bracket 32, and can also be installed and connected by means of other auxiliary brackets
  • the gear pair and the magnetic field detection element 4 can be They are respectively located on both sides of the end face of the magnetizing body 2, taking the orientation shown in Figure 4 as an example, the gear pair is located on the right side of the right end face of the magnetizing body 2, and the magnetic field detection element
  • the above-mentioned gear pair structure can also be replaced by other transmission mechanisms that can realize the rotation of the magnetizer 2, such as a pulley pair, a sprocket pair, etc., of course, the middle part of the handle 1 can also be rotated Connect to the fixed bracket 3, and then use one end of the handle 1 as the part operated by the driver, and the other end of the handle 1 is connected to the magnetizing body 2.
  • the shape of the magnetizing body 2 can be a sector or a fan ring, and the magnetizing body 2 is opposite to the handle 1.
  • connection point with the fixed bracket 3 rotates, so that the alternately arranged N poles and S poles on the magnetizer 2 act on the magnetic member 5 alternately, thereby forming a constantly changing hand force, and the magnetic field detection element 4 can detect the magnetic field of the magnetizer 2 Change to identify the shifted gear.

Abstract

一种挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车，挡位调节机构包括手柄（1）、充磁体（2）、固定支架（3）、磁场检测元件（4）和磁力构件（5），手柄（1）与充磁体（2）连接并能够带动充磁体（2）转动，充磁体（2）上交替布置有N极和S极，固定支架（3）能够保持充磁体（2）与磁力构件（5）之间的相对距离，在充磁体（2）转动的过程中，磁场检测元件（4）能够检测充磁体（2）的磁场变化，磁力构件（5）与充磁体（2）在相互排斥和相互吸引之间不断交替变化。

Description

挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年12月1日提交的、申请号为CN202111455919.6的中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全文内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及挡位控制技术领域，具体提供一种挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车。
背景技术
挡位调节机构可以应用于很多领域，例如汽车、生产设备等，以汽车的转向柱为例，其上设置的组合开关可以根据实际需求集成多种控制功能，例如行驶方向的指示功能、车辆照明功能、近光远光的转换功能、以及雨刮器刮水和洗涤功能等。
现有技术中，汽车转向柱开关的手柄和换挡开关通常采用旋转拨动或者平移推动的机械结构来实现换挡功能，机械运动部件是由前壳体、后壳体、基座、曲面块、弹簧和销子组成，手感的调节靠弹簧的参数选型和曲面块的3D轮廓设计来确定，曲面块上添加的润滑油脂能够起到降噪的作用，具体地，弹簧和销子固定在手柄上，销子的一端预压在曲面块上，在转动手柄的过程中，销子在曲面块上滑移，因为曲面的曲率设计，弹簧受到的压力不断变化，带来不同的手感力，形成挡位手感，曲面块和销子滑移过程中靠油脂形成的油膜来减小噪音和卡滞。然而，润滑油脂对环境问题的要求较高，当温度过高时，油脂更趋近于液体，销子在曲面块上的运动没有油膜层的保护，会产生噪音异响问题，当温度过低时，油脂更趋近于固体，运动过程受油脂黏性影响，会造成卡滞粘滞问题。
鉴于此，本领域需要一种挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决上述技术问题，即，解决现有挡位调节机构手感力的实现采用机械运动部件时润滑油脂容易受温度影响而导致机械运动部件易出现噪音异响或卡滞粘滞的问题。
在第一方面，本发明提供一种挡位调节机构，所述挡位调节机构包括手柄、充磁体、固定支架、磁场检测元件和磁力构件，所述手柄与所述充磁体连接并能够带动所述充磁体转动，所述充磁体上交替布置有N极和S极，所述固定支架能够保持所述充磁体与所述磁力构件之间的相对距离；
在所述充磁体转动的过程中，所述磁场检测元件能够检测所述充磁体的磁场变化，所述磁力构件与所述充磁体在相互排斥和相互吸引之间不断交替变化。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述磁力构件包括相连的电磁铁和控制单元，所述电磁铁与所述固定支架连接，所述控制单元能够控制所述电磁铁的电流通断和大小。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述磁力构件包括永磁铁，所述永磁铁与所述固定支架连接。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述手柄通过齿轮副与所述充磁体传动连接以带动所述充磁体转动，所述齿轮副连接于所述固定支架上。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述齿轮副包括相啮合的主动齿轮和从动齿轮，所述手柄的一端与所述主动齿轮连接，所述从动齿轮与所述充磁体连接，所述主动齿轮和所述从动齿轮均转动连接于所述固定支架上。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述固定支架包括可拆卸式连接的第一支架和第二支架，所述齿轮副连接于所述第一支架上，所述磁场检测元件和所述磁力构件均连接于所述第二支架上。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述充磁体的形状为环形，所述充磁体上的N极和S极呈环形交替布置，所述齿轮副和所述磁场检测元件分别位于所述充磁体端面的两侧。
在上述挡位调节机构的优选技术方案中，所述磁场检测元件包括多个霍尔传感器，所述多个霍尔传感器设置在电路板上。
在第二方面，本发明还提供一种挡位开关，所述挡位开关包括上述所述的挡位调节机构。
在第三方面，本发明还提供一种汽车，汽车包括上述所述的挡位开关。
在采用上述技术方案的情况下，本发明通过采用磁力不断交替吸引和排斥的非接触式结构来实现挡位调节机构的手感力变化，避免采用接触式机械运动部件时出现的噪音异响以及卡滞粘滞的问题，同时减少油脂类化学品的使用，满足环保和健康的需求。此外，充磁体既作为使磁场检测元件检测磁场变化进而识别挡位的部件，又作为与磁力构件配合实现手感力变化的部件，即，将手感力的提供机构和信号转换机构合并，减少产品的复杂程度，降低产品成本，提升用户的使用体验。
进一步地，控制单元能够控制电磁铁的通断和大小，从而控制电磁铁与充磁体之间的磁力，使得挡位调节机构的手感操作力可以根据用户的需求自定义调节，满足不同用户的不同需求，进一步提升用户的使用体验。
进一步地，采用永磁铁与充磁体配合既能够实现手感操作力的不断变化，又能够降低产品的成本。
进一步地，采用齿轮副能够保证对手柄的操作力向充磁体稳定传输，实现充磁体的稳定转动。
进一步地，当挡位开关采用上述的挡位调节机构时，能够具备上述的技术效果，且能够使得挡位开关的机械结构更为简单，降低产品设计的复杂程度。
进一步地，当汽车采用具有上述挡位调节机构的挡位开关时，能够具备上述的技术效果，且减少油脂类化学品在车内人机界面产品上的使用，满足车内环保和健康的需求，手感操作力的自定义调节能够满足当 前智能座舱领域用户个性化体验的需求。
附图说明
下面结合汽车转向柱开关中的挡位调节机构来描述本发明的优选实施方式，附图中：
图1是本发明的汽车转向柱开关的挡位调节机构第一种实施例的结构示意图一；
图2是本发明的汽车转向柱开关的挡位调节机构第二种实施例的结构示意图；
图3是本发明的汽车转向柱开关的挡位调节机构第一种实施例的结构示意图二；
图4是本发明的汽车转向柱开关的挡位调节机构第一种实施例的结构示意图三；
附图标记列表：
1、手柄；2、充磁体；3、固定支架；31、第一支架；32、第二支架；4、磁场检测元件；41、霍尔传感器；5、磁力构件；51a、电磁铁；51b、控制单元；52、永磁铁；6、主动齿轮；7、从动齿轮；8、电路板。
具体实施方式
首先，本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然本发明的挡位调节机构是结合汽车转向柱开关来进行阐述说明的，但是不代表该挡位调节机构不可应用于汽车的其他位置，例如还可以应用于其他挡位开关，另外，该挡位调节机构还可以应用于非汽车的其他领域，例如生产设备等，这种应用对象的调整不构成对本发明的限制，均应限定在本发明的保护范围之内。
基于背景技术指出的现有汽车转向柱开关实现不同手感力的结构采用机械运动部件时润滑油脂容易受温度影响而导致机械运动部件易出现噪音异响或卡滞粘滞的问题，本发明提供了一种汽车转向柱开关的挡位调节机构，旨在避免采用接触式的机械运动部件而出现噪音异响以及卡 滞粘滞的问题，同时减少油脂类化学品在车内人机界面产品上的使用，满足车内环保和健康的需求，还能够减少产品的复杂程度，降低产品成本，提升用户的使用体验。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中”、“左”、“右”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或部件必须具有特定的方位或必须以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是可拆卸式连接，或一体式连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间部件间接相连。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1和2所示，本发明的汽车转向柱开关包括挡位调节机构，该挡位调节机构包括手柄1、充磁体2、固定支架3、磁场检测元件4和磁力构件5，手柄1与充磁体2连接，驾驶员在调节挡位时拨动手柄1，手柄1带动充磁体2转动，充磁体2上交替布置有N极和S极，N极和S极各自的数量可以灵活布置，充磁体2的形状可以为扇形，也可以为圆形，还可以为环形，或者为其他形状，本领域技术人员可以灵活地设置，在充磁体2转动的过程中，磁场检测元件4能够检测到磁场的变化，从而转换为电信号，用于识别挡位，磁力构件5靠近充磁体2设置并通过固定支架3保持充磁体2与磁力构件5之间的相对距离，避免充磁体2与磁力构件5之间的磁力而导致两者的相对距离发生改变，在充磁体2转动的过程中，由于充磁体2上交替布置有N极和S极，磁力构件5与充磁体2在相互排斥和相互吸引之间不断交替变化，磁力构件5可以为N极，也可以为S极，并且，磁力构件5可以为电磁铁和控制单元的组合结构，还可以为永磁铁，或者采用其他形式的磁力结构，只要通过磁力构件5在充磁体2转动时与充磁体2形成不断交替变化的磁吸力和磁斥力即可，通过这样的设置，当驾驶员操作手柄1时，能够产生不断变化 的手感力，且磁力构件5与充磁体2是非接触式的，能够避免出现噪音异响以及卡滞粘滞等问题。
在上述中，充磁体2不仅作为了磁场检测元件4检测挡位变化的部件，而且还作为提供手感力的部件，即充磁体2同时具备上面两个作用，这样能够极大地简化挡位调节机构的结构，降低产品设计的复杂性，还有利于空间布局，为汽车转向柱开关的设计提供更多的灵活性。
磁场检测元件4可以包括多个霍尔传感器41，所有霍尔传感器41都集成设置在电路板8上，霍尔传感器41的数量以及布置方式可以根据充磁体2的形状以及其N极和S极的布置方式灵活地设置。在一种可能的情形中，如图3和4所示，充磁体2的形状为环形，充磁体2上的N极和S极呈环形交替布置，多个霍尔传感器41呈环形布置在电路板8上，通过多个霍尔传感器41能够在充磁体2转动时对其磁场的变化实时检测，电路板8通过转换的电信号精准地确定挡位，此外，手柄1上还可以具有按键或者人机交互界面，按键和人机交互界面都可以与电路板8电连接，由电路板8识别用户的操作并向指定的部件发出指令。
在一种优选的情形中，如图1、3和4所示，磁力构件5包括相连的电磁铁51a和控制单元51b，电磁铁51a与固定支架3连接，即通过固定支架3来保持充磁体2与电磁铁51a之间的相对距离，图3和4所示的结构中，充磁体2的N极用白色部分表示，S极用黑色部分表示，控制单元51b与电磁铁51a电连接，控制单元51b能够控制电磁铁51a的电流通断，并且能够调节通电时电磁铁51a的电流大小，此外，还可以通过通电电流的方向确定电磁铁51a的极性，例如可以将电磁铁51a的极性确定为N极，当电磁铁51a的通电电流增大时，可以增大电磁铁51a与充磁体2之间的磁力，当电磁铁51a的通电电流减小时，可以减小电磁铁51a与充磁体2之间的磁力，当电磁铁51a完全断电时，电磁铁51a与充磁体2之间无相互的磁力作用，通过这样的设置，当汽车能够与用户进行人机交互时，用户可以自定义操作手柄1的手感力。电磁铁51a的电流大小由PWM的占空比调节，可以实现不同的“时间-电流”曲线，通过不同的“时间-电流”曲线可以控制电磁铁51a和充磁体2之间的磁力的大小，实现手感力的调节，这样用户可以通过自定义界面的操作来调节PWM的占空 比，实现自定义手感的功能。需要说明的是，占空比是输出的PWM中，高电平保持的时间与该PWM的时钟周期的时间之比。上述的控制单元51b可以为MCU(微控制单元)，还可以为其他能够实现电磁铁51a的电流调节的控制元件，本领域技术人员可以对此进行灵活地设置。具体地，以电磁铁51a的极性是N极为例，当电磁铁51a与充磁体2上的S极相对应时，电磁铁51a与充磁体2相互吸引，当电磁铁51a与充磁体2的N极相对应时，电磁铁51a与充磁体2相互排斥，再以电磁铁51a的极性是S极为例，当电磁铁51a与充磁体2上的S极相对应时，电磁铁51a与充磁体2相互排斥，当电磁铁51a与充磁体2的N极相对应时，电磁铁51a与充磁体2相互吸引。
在另一种优选的情形中，如图2所示，磁力构件5包括永磁铁52，永磁铁52与固定支架3连接，即通过固定支架3来保持充磁体2与永磁铁52之间的相对距离，在充磁体2转动时，永磁铁52与充磁体2上的N极和S极不断交替作用，从而产生交替的磁吸力和磁斥力，进而产生不断变化的手感力。永磁铁52的极性可以为N极，也可以为S极，永磁铁52具有结构简单，成本低的优势。具体地，以永磁铁52的极性是N极为例，当永磁铁52与充磁体2上的S极相对应时，永磁铁52与充磁体2相互吸引，当永磁铁52与充磁体2的N极相对应时，永磁铁52与充磁体2相互排斥，再以永磁铁52的极性是S极为例，当永磁铁52与充磁体2上的S极相对应时，永磁铁52与充磁体2相互排斥，当永磁铁52与充磁体2的N极相对应时，永磁铁52与充磁体2相互吸引。
在本发明中，手柄1带动充磁体2转动可以通过齿轮副来传动，这时候将齿轮副连接于固定支架3上，齿轮副可以采用双齿轮配合的结构，也可以采用比两个齿轮更多的齿轮配合的结构，本领域技术人员可以对此进行灵活地设置。在一种可能的情形中，如图3和4所示，齿轮副包括相啮合的主动齿轮6和从动齿轮7，手柄1的一端与主动齿轮6连接，从动齿轮7与充磁体2连接，主动齿轮6和从动齿轮7均转动连接于固定支架3上，具体地，可以将手柄1的一端和主动齿轮6的轴心都固定在一个轴上，然后将该轴转动连接于固定支架3上，当然，还可以将该轴与主动齿轮6设置为一体，然后将手柄1的一端固定在该轴上。从动 齿轮7的轴心可以通过一个轴转动连接于固定支架3上，然后充磁体2与从动齿轮7连接，充磁体2可以与从动齿轮7可拆卸式连接或者设置为一体，在这种情形下，充磁体2的形状优选采用圆形或环形，充磁体2的轴线与从动齿轮7的轴线共线。当手柄1转动时，手柄1带动主动齿轮6转动，主动齿轮6与从动齿轮7啮合使得从动齿轮7也转动，主动齿轮6的转动方向与从动齿轮7的转动方向相反，从动齿轮7转动进而再带动充磁体2转动，从而使得充磁体2上交替设置的N极和S极交替与磁力构件5作用，进而形成不断变化的手感力，磁场检测元件4能够检测到充磁体2的磁场变化，从而识别切换的挡位。在实际应用中，可以将主动齿轮6的直径设置为大于从动齿轮7的直径，这样设置的好处在于主动齿轮6转动一个很小的角度就能够使从动齿轮7转动较大的角度，即，将手柄1的小角度转动放大为充磁体2的连续大角度转动，使诸如霍尔传感器41的磁场检测元件4能够连续采集到磁场变换信号，利用采样信号的相位差判断挡位方向和操作角度，实现功能控制，而且有利于充磁体2上的N极和S极交替与磁力构件5作用，在手柄1转动很短的行程中就能够形成较多变化的手感力，本领域技术人员可以根据汽车转向柱开关的整体尺寸以及用户的需求灵活地设置主动齿轮6和从动齿轮7的尺寸以及传动比。
在上述中，固定支架3可以采用一体式支架，也可以采用分离式支架，例如，如图3和4所示，固定支架3包括可拆卸式连接的第一支架31和第二支架32，具体地，可以通过螺接、卡接或者两者相结合的方式将第一支架31与第二支架32连接，当然还可以采用其他的连接方式将第一支架31与第二支架32可拆卸式连接，齿轮副连接于第一支架31上，磁场检测元件4和磁力构件5均连接于第二支架32上，磁力构件5可以通过螺接、卡接或者两者相结合的方式连接于第二支架32上，或者采用其他方式将磁力构件5与第二支架32连接，磁场检测元件4除了可以连接于第二支架32上，还可以借助其他辅助支架进行安装连接，齿轮副和磁场检测元件4可以分别位于充磁体2端面的两侧，以图4中所示的方位为例，齿轮副位于充磁体2右端面的右侧，磁场检测元件4位于充磁体2左端面的左侧，从而有利于空间结构的布置，避免齿轮副与磁场检 测元件4两者的位置发生干涉。此外，还可以在第一支架31和第二支架32分别形成多个加强筋还提高自身的强度。
作为替代性地，还可以将上述的齿轮副结构根据需求替换为其他能够实现使充磁体2转动的传动机构，例如带轮副、链轮副等，当然，还可以将手柄1的中间部位转动连接于固定支架3上，然后将手柄1的一端作为驾驶员操作的部分，手柄1的另一端与充磁体2连接，充磁体2的形状可以为扇形或者扇环，充磁体2相对于手柄1与固定支架3的连接点转动，从而使得充磁体2上交替设置的N极和S极交替与磁力构件5作用，进而形成不断变化的手感力，磁场检测元件4能够检测到充磁体2的磁场变化，从而识别切换的挡位。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述挡位调节机构包括手柄(1)、充磁体(2)、固定支架(3)、磁场检测元件(4)和磁力构件(5)，所述手柄(1)与所述充磁体(2)连接并能够带动所述充磁体(2)转动，所述充磁体(2)上交替布置有N极和S极，所述固定支架(3)能够保持所述充磁体(2)与所述磁力构件(5)之间的相对距离；
    在所述充磁体(2)转动的过程中，所述磁场检测元件(4)能够检测所述充磁体(2)的磁场变化，所述磁力构件(5)与所述充磁体(2)在相互排斥和相互吸引之间不断交替变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述磁力构件(5)包括相连的电磁铁(51a)和控制单元(51b)，所述电磁铁(51a)与所述固定支架(3)连接，所述控制单元(51b)能够控制所述电磁铁(51a)的电流通断和大小。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述磁力构件(5)包括永磁铁(52)，所述永磁铁(52)与所述固定支架(3)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述手柄(1)通过齿轮副与所述充磁体(2)传动连接以带动所述充磁体(2)转动，所述齿轮副连接于所述固定支架(3)上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述齿轮副包括相啮合的主动齿轮(6)和从动齿轮(7)，所述手柄(1)的一端与所述主动齿轮(6)连接，所述从动齿轮(7)与所述充磁体(2)连接，所述主动齿轮(6)和所述从动齿轮(7)均转动连接于所述固定支架(3)上。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述固定支 架(3)包括可拆卸式连接的第一支架(31)和第二支架(32)，所述齿轮副连接于所述第一支架(31)上，所述磁场检测元件(4)和所述磁力构件(5)均连接于所述第二支架(32)上。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述充磁体(2)的形状为环形，所述充磁体(2)上的N极和S极呈环形交替布置，所述齿轮副和所述磁场检测元件(4)分别位于所述充磁体(2)端面的两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的挡位调节机构，其特征在于，所述磁场检测元件(4)包括多个霍尔传感器(41)，所述多个霍尔传感器(41)设置在电路板(8)上。
  9. 一种挡位开关，其特征在于，所述挡位开关包括权利要求1至8中任一项所述的挡位调节机构。
  10. 一种汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车包括权利要求9所述的挡位开关。
PCT/CN2022/135856 2021-12-01 2022-12-01 挡位调节机构、挡位开关和汽车 WO2023098795A1 (zh)

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