WO2023096944A1 - Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour un émetteur et un récepteur stationnaires synchronisés dans le temps en mouvement - Google Patents

Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour un émetteur et un récepteur stationnaires synchronisés dans le temps en mouvement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023096944A1
WO2023096944A1 PCT/US2022/050803 US2022050803W WO2023096944A1 WO 2023096944 A1 WO2023096944 A1 WO 2023096944A1 US 2022050803 W US2022050803 W US 2022050803W WO 2023096944 A1 WO2023096944 A1 WO 2023096944A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
receiver
transmitter
receiver node
doppler
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/050803
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eric J. LOREN
William B. SORSBY
Tj T. KWON
James A. Stevens
Joseph T. GRAF
Steven V. Schatz
Matthew D. BOUSSELOT
Philip D. DEAN
Original Assignee
Rockwell Collins, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/534,061 external-priority patent/US11665658B1/en
Priority claimed from US17/541,703 external-priority patent/US20220094634A1/en
Application filed by Rockwell Collins, Inc. filed Critical Rockwell Collins, Inc.
Publication of WO2023096944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023096944A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H04W56/002—Mutual synchronization
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0035—Synchronisation arrangements detecting errors in frequency or phase

Definitions

  • Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANET; e.g., “mesh networks'’) are known in the art as quickly deployable, self-configuring wireless networks with no pre-defined network topology.
  • MANET Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks
  • Each communications node within a MANET is presumed to be able to move freely. Additionally, each communications node within a MANET may be required to forward (relay) data packet traffic.
  • Data packet routing and delivery within a MANET may depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the number of communications nodes within the network, communications node proximity and mobility, power requirements, network bandwidth, user traffic requirements, timing requirements, and the like.
  • MANETs face many challenges due to the limited network awareness inherent in such highly dynamic, low-infrastructure communication systems. Given the broad ranges in variable spaces, the challenges lie in making good decisions based on such limited information. For example, in static networks with fixed topologies, protocols can propagate information throughout the network to determine the network structure, but in dynamic topologies this information quickly becomes stale and must be periodically refreshed. It has been suggested that directional systems are the future of MANETs, but this future has not as yet been realized. In addition to topology factors, fast-moving platforms (e.g., communications nodes moving relative to each other) experience a frequency Doppler shift (e.g., offset) due to the relative radial velocity between each set of nodes. This Doppler frequency shift often limits receive sensitivity levels which can be achieved by a node within a mobile network.
  • Doppler shift e.g., offset
  • a system may include a transmitter node and a receiver node.
  • Each node may include a communications interface including at least one antenna element and a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller including one or more processors, wherein the controller of the receiver node has information of own node velocity and own node orientation.
  • the receiver node may be in motion and the transmitter node may be stationary.
  • Each node may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections associated with said node’s own motions relative to a common reference frame.
  • the common reference frame may be known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the signals from the transmitter node.
  • a method may include: providing a transmitter node and a receiver node, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node are time synchronized, wherein the receiver node is in motion and the transmitter node is stationary, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node comprises a communications interface including at least one antenna element, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node further comprises a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller including one or more processors, wherein the controller has information of own node velocity and own node orientation; based at least on the time synchronization, applying, by the receiver node, Doppler corrections to the receiver node’s own motions relative to a common reference frame; wherein the common reference frame is known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the signals from the transmitter node.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and individual nodes thereof according to example embodiments of this disclosure;
  • MANET mobile ad hoc network
  • FIG. 2A is a graphical representation of frequency shift profiles within the MANET of FIG. 1 : [0017]
  • FIG. 2B is a graphical representation of frequency shift profiles within the
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to example embodiments of this disclosure.
  • a letter following a reference numeral is intended to reference an embodiment of the feature or element that may be similar, but not necessarily identical, to a previously described element or feature bearing the same reference numeral (e.g., 1 , 1 a, 1 b).
  • Such shorthand notations are used for purposes of convenience only and should not be construed to limit the disclosure in any way unless expressly stated to the contrary.
  • any reference to “one embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a method and a system including a transmitter node and a receiver node, which may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections associated with said node’s own motions relative to a common reference frame.
  • a mobile receiver may determine a relative direction and velocity between the receiver and a cooperative stationary transmitter by using a Doppler null scanning approach in two dimensions.
  • a benefit of the approach is the spatial awareness without exchanging explicit positional information.
  • Other benefits include discovery, synchronization, and Doppler corrections which are important for communications.
  • Some embodiment may combine coordinated transmitter frequency shifts along with the transmitter’s motion induced Doppler frequency shift to produce unique net frequency shift signal characteristics resolvable using a stationary receiver to achieve spatial awareness. Further, some embodiments may include a three-dimensional (3D) approach with the receiver in motion.
  • Some embodiments may use analysis performed in a common reference frame (e.g., a common inertial reference frame, such as the Earth, which may ignore the curvature of Earth), and it is assumed that the communications system for each of the transmitter and receiver is informed by the platform of its own velocity and orientation.
  • a common reference frame e.g., a common inertial reference frame, such as the Earth, which may ignore the curvature of Earth
  • the approach described herein can be used for discovery and tracking, but the discussion here focuses on discovery which is often the most challenging aspect.
  • Doppler Null The meaning of the ‘Doppler Null’ can be explained in part through a review of the two-dimensional (2D) case without the receiver motion, and then may be expounded on by a review of adding the receiver motion to the 2D case, and then including receiver motion in the 3D case.
  • the Doppler frequency shift of a communications signal is proportional to the radial velocity between transmitter and receiver, and any significant Doppler shift is typically a hindrance that should be considered by system designers.
  • some embodiments utilize the Doppler effect to discriminate between directions with the resolution dictated by selected design parameters.
  • such embodiments use the profile of the net frequency shift as the predetermined ‘Null’ direction scans through the angle space.
  • the resultant profile is sinusoidal with an amplitude that provides a relative speed between the transmitter and the receiver, a zero net frequency shift when the ‘Null’ direction aligns with the receiver, and a minimum indicating the direction of the transmitter’s relative velocity.
  • a relative velocity may mean that the receiver is in motion relative to the stationary transmitter.
  • motions relative to a reference frame such as for the transmitter (transmitter node) may mean that the reference frame is moving while the transmitter is stationary.
  • the transmitter may be stationary in a ground station relative to the Earth and the reference frame could be a theoretical moving reference frame.
  • the reference frame per a known protocol, could be a reference frame that moves along a predetermined path around the Earth, such as tracking around the Earth at the speed the Sun tracks around the Earth.
  • a stationary transmitter relative to the Earth
  • Such motions can be corrected for by applying Doppler corrections, for example.
  • a term such as “transmitter velocity”, “speed” of transmitter, and the like, as used herein may simply mean the transmitter velocity/speed relative to the receiver and/or the reference frame, even if the transmitter is technically stationary (e.g., stationary relative to the Earth and/or an (also stationary) reference frame).
  • the transmitter cannot necessarily correct for Doppler in all directions at one time so signal characteristics are different in each direction and are different for different transmitter velocities as well. It is exactly these characteristics that the receiver uses to determine spatial awareness.
  • the received signal has temporal spatial characteristics that can be mapped to the transmitter’s relative direction and velocity relative to the receiver. This approach utilizes the concept of a ‘Null’ which is simply the direction where the transmitter perfectly corrects for its own Doppler shift.
  • the same ’Nulling’ protocol runs on each node and scans through all directions.
  • any suitable step size of degrees may be used for Doppler null scanning.
  • one of the contributions of some embodiments is passive spatial awareness.
  • spatial information for neighbor nodes can be learned via data communication.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • data communication is only possible after the signals for neighbor nodes have been discovered, synchronized and Doppler corrected.
  • the passive spatial awareness described herein may be performed using only synchronization bits associated with acquisition. This process can be viewed as physical layer overhead and typically requires much lower bandwidth compared to explicit data transfers. The physical layer overheads for discovery, synchronization and Doppler correction have never been utilized for topology learning for upper layers previously.
  • a multi-node communications network 100 is disclosed.
  • the multi-node communications network 100 may include multiple communications nodes, e.g., a transmitter (Tx) node 102 and a receiver (Rx) node 104.
  • the multi-node communications network 100 may include any multi-node communications network known in the art.
  • the multi-node communications network 100 may include a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the Rx nodes 102, 104 (as well as every other communications node within the multinode communications network) are able to move freely and independently.
  • the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may include any communications node known in the art which may be communicatively coupled.
  • the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may include any communications node known in the art for transmitting/transceiving data packets.
  • the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may include, but are not limited to, radios (such as on a vehicle or on a person), mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, smart watches, laptops, and the like.
  • the Rx node 104 of the multi-node communications network 100 may each include, but are not limited to, a respective controller 106 (e.g., control processor), memory 108, communication interface 110, and antenna elements 112.
  • controller 106 e.g., control processor
  • memory 108 e.g., memory 108
  • communication interface 110 e.g., communication interface
  • all attributes, capabilities, etc. of the Rx node 104 described below may similarly apply to the Tx node 102, and to any other communication node of the multi-node communication network 100.
  • the controller 106 provides processing functionality for at least the Rx node 104 and can include any number of processors, micro-controllers, circuitry, field programmable gate array (FRGA) or other processing systems, and resident or external memory for storing data, executable code, and other information accessed or generated by the Rx node 104.
  • the controller 106 can execute one or more software programs embodied in a non-transitory computer readable medium (e.g., memory 108) that implement techniques described herein.
  • the controller 106 is not limited by the materials from which it is formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein and, as such, can be implemented via semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., using electronic integrated circuit (IC) components), and so forth.
  • the memory 108 can be an example of tangible, computer- readable storage medium that provides storage functionality to store various data and/or program code associated with operation of the Rx node 104 and/or controller 106, such as software programs and/or code segments, or other data to instruct the controller 106, and possibly other components of the Rx node 104, to perform the functionality described herein.
  • the memory 108 can store data, such as a program of instructions for operating the Rx node 104, including its components (e.g., controller 106, communication interface 110, antenna elements 112, etc ), and so forth.
  • memory 108 can be integral with the controller 106, can comprise stand-alone memory, or can be a combination of both.
  • Some examples of the memory 108 can include removable and non-removable memory components, such as random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory (e.g., a secure digital (SD) memory card, a mini-SD memory card, and/or a micro ⁇ SD memory card), solid-state drive (SSD) memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, universal serial bus (USB) memory devices, hard disk memory, external memory, and so forth.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash memory e.g., a secure digital (SD) memory card, a mini-SD memory card, and/or a micro ⁇ SD memory card
  • SSD solid-state drive
  • magnetic memory magnetic memory
  • optical memory optical memory
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the communication interface 110 can be operatively configured to communicate with components of the Rx node 104.
  • the communication interface 110 can be configured to retrieve data from the controller 106 or other devices (e.g., the Tx node 102 and/or other nodes), transmit data for storage in the memory 108, retrieve data from storage in the memory, and so forth.
  • the communication interface 110 can also be communicatively coupled with the controller 106 to facilitate data transfer between components of the Rx node 104 and the controller 106.
  • the communication interface 110 is described as a component of the Rx node 104, one or more components of the communication interface 110 can be implemented as external components communicatively coupled to the Rx node 104 via a wired and/or wireless connection.
  • the Rx node 104 can also include and/or connect to one or more input/output (I/O) devices.
  • the communication interface 110 includes or is coupled to a transmitter, receiver, transceiver, physical connection interface, or any combination thereof.
  • the communication interface 110 of the Rx node 104 may be configured to communicatively couple to additional communication interfaces 110 of additional communications nodes (e.g., the Tx node 102) of the multi- node communications network 100 using any wireless communication techniques known in the art including, but not limited to, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, EV-DO, EDGE, WiMAX, 3G, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G, WiFi protocols, RF, LoRa, and the like.
  • the antenna elements 112 may include directional or omnidirectional antenna elements capable of being steered or otherwise directed (e.g., via the communications interface 110) for spatial scanning in a full 360-degree arc (114) relative to the Rx node 104.
  • the Tx node 102 is stationary and the common reference frame is stationary relative to the Tx node 102. In such embodiments when there is no Doppler frequency offset to adjust for, the transmit frequency of the Tx node 102 is not necessarily adjusted.
  • the Tx node 102 may be “stationary” in one sense, it may simultaneously be changing in reference to the common reference frame if the common reference frame is itself in motion relative to the Tx node 102.
  • the Tx node 102 could be a ground station that is nonmoving relative to Earth coordinates, but the common reference frame could be changing/moving relative to Earth.
  • the stationary Tx node may adjust its transmit frequency to counter the Doppler frequency offset between the Tx node 102 and the common reference frame.
  • the Rx node 104 may be moving in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary speed, and moving relative to the Tx node 102 — while the Tx node 102 may be stationary.
  • the Rx node 104 may be moving relative to the Tx node 102 according to a velocity vector 116, at a relative velocity V4 and a relative angular direction (an angle relative to an arbitrary direction 118 (e.g., due east)); 0 may be the angular direction of the Rx node 104 measured relative to the Tx node 102 from the arbitrary direction 118.
  • the Rx node 104 may implement a Doppler nulling protocol. For example, the Rx node 104 may adjust its received frequency (i.e., the signal transmitted from the Tx node 102) to counter the Doppler frequency offset such that there is no net frequency offset (e.g., “Doppler null”) in a Doppler nulling direction 120 (e.g., at an angle $ relative to the arbitrary direction 118). In this regard, the Rx node 104 may compensate for (i.e., cancel out) the Doppler shift caused by its own motion.
  • Doppler nulling direction 120 e.g., at an angle $ relative to the arbitrary direction 118.
  • the received wavefarm (e.g., via the communications interface 110 of the Rx node 104) may be informed by the platform (e.g., the controller 106) of its velocity vector and orientation (e.g., relative to a (common) reference frame and may adjust its received frequency to remove the Doppler frequency shift at each Doppler nulling direction 120 and Although shown relative to the Tx node 102, angle as understood by the Rx node 104, may extend in a direction from the Rx node 104 as well.
  • the platform e.g., the controller 106
  • the velocity vector and orientation e.g., relative to a (common) reference frame
  • angle as understood by the Rx node 104 may extend in a direction from the Rx node 104 as well.
  • receiver node 104 has an implementation that resolves the frequency of the incoming signal, as would be understood to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the Doppler shift is a physical phenomenon due to motion (i.e., relative motion) and can be considered as a channel effect.
  • the receiver node i.e., Rx node 104
  • the Doppler frequency shift as seen by the receiver node 104 due to the receiver node 104 radial velocity component relative to the source (i.e., Tx node 102) of the received signal is: the speed of light
  • Relative radial velocity is the component of relative velocity projected on a line between the two nodes. For example, all of the velocity of a node heading straight at another node contributes to a Doppler shift of a signal generated by one of the nodes. Conversely, a node travelling in a perfect circle around another node would have zero radial velocity relative to the stationary node. In such a situation, the circle-travelling node’s velocity would essentially cause zero Doppler shift in a signal received from the stationary node. [0050] The other factor is the receiver frequency adjustment term that should aim to exactly compensate the Doppler shift when the ‘Null’ direction aligns between the Rx node 104 and the Tx node 102.
  • That receiver frequency adjustment is proportional to the velocity projection onto the ‘Null’ direction (0) and is:
  • FIG. 2A shows the resulting net frequency shift as a function of the ‘Null’ direction for scenarios where a receiver (i.e., Rx node 104) is East and of the transmitter (0 ⁇ 0), and with a receiver speed of 1500 meters per second (m/s).
  • the receiver node 104 can therefore determine the receiver node’s 104 speed relative to the transmitter's speed, the receiver node’s 104 heading, and the direction of the transmitter node 102 is known to at most, one of two locations (since some profiles have two zero crossings). It should be noted that the two curves cross the y axis twice (0 & 180 degrees in FIG. 2A, and ⁇ 90 degrees in FIG. 2B) so there is initially an instance of ambiguity in position direction. In this case the receiver node 104 knows the transmitter node 102 is either East or West of the receiver node 104.
  • an exemplary embodiment of a method 300 may include one or more of the following steps. Additionally, for example, some embodiments may include performing one or more instances of the method 300 iteratively, concurrently, and/or sequentially. Additionally, for example, at least some of the steps of the method 300 may be performed in parallel and/or concurrently. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the steps of the method 300 may be performed non-sequentially.
  • a step 302 may include providing a transmitter node and a receiver node, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node are time synchronized, wherein the receiver node is in motion, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node comprises a communications interface including at least one antenna element, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node further comprises a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller including one or more processors, wherein the controller of the receiver node has information of own node velocity and own node orientation.
  • a step 304 may include based at least on the time synchronization, applying, by the receiver node, Doppler corrections to the receiver node’s own motions relative to the common reference frame, wherein the common reference frame is known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the signals from the transmitter node.
  • the method 300 may include any of the operations disclosed throughout.
  • the null scanning technique discussed herein illustrates a system and a method for spatial awareness from resolving the temporal spatial characteristics of the stationary transmitter node’s 102 radiation.
  • This approach informs the receiver node 104 of the relative speed and direction between the transmitter node 102 and receiver node 104.
  • This approach includes scanning through ail directions and has a high sensitivity (e.g., low net frequency shift) when the null direction is aligned with the transmitter node direction.
  • This approach can be impiemented on a highly sensitive acquisition frame which is typically much more sensitive than explicit data transfers which allow for the ultra-sensitive spatial awareness with relatively low power.
  • embodiments of the methods disclosed herein may include one or more of the steps described herein. Further, such steps may be carried out in any desired order and two or more of the steps may be carried out simultaneously with one another. Two or more of the steps disclosed herein may be combined in a single step, and in some embodiments, one or more of the steps may be carried out as two or more sub-steps. Further, other steps or sub-steps may be carried in addition to, or as substitutes to one or more of the steps disclosed herein.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système qui peut comprendre un noeud émetteur et un noeud récepteur. Chaque noeud peut comprendre une interface de communication comprenant au moins un élément d'antenne et un dispositif de commande fonctionnellement couplé à l'interface de communication, le dispositif de commande comprenant un ou plusieurs processeurs, le dispositif de commande du noeud récepteur ayant des informations de vitesse de noeud propre et d'orientation de noeud propre. Le noeud récepteur peut être en mouvement et le noeud émetteur peut être stationnaire. Chaque noeud peut être synchronisé dans le temps pour appliquer des corrections Doppler associées auxdits propres mouvements du noeud par rapport à un cadre de référence commun. La trame de référence commune peut être connue du noeud émetteur et du noeud récepteur avant que le noeud émetteur ne transmette des signaux au noeud récepteur et avant que le noeud récepteur ne reçoive les signaux du noeud émetteur.
PCT/US2022/050803 2021-11-23 2022-11-22 Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour un émetteur et un récepteur stationnaires synchronisés dans le temps en mouvement WO2023096944A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/534,061 2021-11-23
US17/534,061 US11665658B1 (en) 2021-04-16 2021-11-23 System and method for application of doppler corrections for time synchronized transmitter and receiver
US17/541,703 2021-12-03
US17/541,703 US20220094634A1 (en) 2019-11-27 2021-12-03 System and method for spatial awareness network routing
US202263344445P 2022-05-20 2022-05-20
US63/344,445 2022-05-20
US202263400138P 2022-08-23 2022-08-23
US63/400,138 2022-08-23

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006345427A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 移動体の無線伝送方法、無線伝送装置及び無線伝送システム
EP2743726A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Koninklijke KPN N.V. Procédés et systèmes pour évaluer la confiance dans un réseau ad hoc mobile
US20190260462A1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2019-08-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Wireless communication links between airborne and ground-based communications equipment

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006345427A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 移動体の無線伝送方法、無線伝送装置及び無線伝送システム
EP2743726A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Koninklijke KPN N.V. Procédés et systèmes pour évaluer la confiance dans un réseau ad hoc mobile
US20190260462A1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2019-08-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Wireless communication links between airborne and ground-based communications equipment

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