WO2023093174A1 - 一种垂流式栽培板 - Google Patents

一种垂流式栽培板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023093174A1
WO2023093174A1 PCT/CN2022/115697 CN2022115697W WO2023093174A1 WO 2023093174 A1 WO2023093174 A1 WO 2023093174A1 CN 2022115697 W CN2022115697 W CN 2022115697W WO 2023093174 A1 WO2023093174 A1 WO 2023093174A1
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Prior art keywords
cultivation
cultivation holes
nutrient solution
row
rows
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PCT/CN2022/115697
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English (en)
French (fr)
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龚化勤
李邵华
高勇
黄泷健
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福建省中科生物股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023093174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023093174A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • the invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a vertical flow cultivation board.
  • three-dimensional planting is a modern planting method with efficient use of space, which greatly improves the planting output per unit area of land.
  • multi-layer erection is generally used for plant cultivation, and the cultivation trays are placed horizontally on the layers. on the shelf.
  • the nutrient solution of the cultivation tray placed horizontally is easy to completely submerge the plant root system, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to the plant root system and affecting plant growth.
  • the cultivation tray is set vertically and the liquid supply system supplies liquid vertically, it can ensure both the nutrient supply of the plant and the oxygen supply.
  • the present invention provides a vertical flow cultivation board, which includes a planting board body, the said planting board is originally provided with multiple rows of cultivation holes and each row includes a plurality of cultivation holes arranged at intervals, each adjacent up and down Between the two rows of cultivation holes, there are several rows of cushioning parts.
  • the buffering parts are arranged on the back of the cultivation board body. The buffering parts are used to divert the nutrient solution flowing through the cultivation holes in the upper row to the cultivation holes in the lower row, and slow down the flow of nutrients. The flow speed of the liquid.
  • the buffer member includes at least one deflector, and the deflector is configured such that the nutrient solution flows along a meandering channel on the back of the planting plate body.
  • the buffer member blocks the nutrient solution to flow along the meandering channel.
  • the meandering flow path slows down the flow speed of the nutrient solution, and the impact on the root system of the plant in the cultivation hole Weaken, the flow path of the meandering channel is longer than the vertical path, and the nutrient solution can exchange sufficient gas with the air during the flow, so that the nutrient solution has sufficient oxygen content when it flows to the cultivation hole, which helps growth and development of plant roots.
  • two rows of cultivation holes adjacent to each other are arranged in dislocation, and a row of cushioning parts is provided between the two rows of cultivation holes.
  • the dislocation arrangement of cultivation holes can enhance the space utilization rate of the planting board.
  • the buffer member includes a deflector, the deflector has a top end and a bottom end, the line connecting the top end and the bottom end has an included angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane, and the top end and the bottom end of the deflector plate are opposite to the upper and lower sides respectively.
  • the adjacent two rows of cultivation holes correspond to each other.
  • the included angle ⁇ is an acute angle, and the specific size of ⁇ is 30-60°. The smaller the included angle ⁇ , the smoother the flow of the nutrient solution on the deflector plate, and the longer the flow path of the nutrient solution.
  • the smaller the included angle ⁇ The larger the nutrient solution is, the faster the flow of the nutrient solution on the deflector plate is, and the smaller the flow path of the nutrient solution is, which can be adjusted accordingly according to the needs of different types of plants.
  • the buffer member includes two deflectors, the deflectors have a top end and a bottom end, the connection line between the top end and the bottom end has an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane, and the top ends of the two deflector plates are connected to each other.
  • the top of the two deflectors is connected to the upper row of cultivation holes, and the lower row of cultivation holes is corresponding to the bottom of the deflector.
  • the included angle ⁇ is an acute angle, and the specific size of ⁇ is 30-60°.
  • the opposite two deflectors on the two adjacent buffers correspond to the same lower row of cultivation holes, so that after passing through the two deflectors of one buffer, the flow of nutrient solution is respectively connected to the adjacent buffers.
  • the nutrient solution of the opposite guide plate is mixed to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the nutrient solution in the flow process.
  • the upper and lower adjacent rows of cultivation holes are arranged in alignment, and two rows of buffer members are arranged between each upper and lower row of adjacent rows of cultivation holes.
  • the top of the upper row of buffer members and the upper row of The cultivation holes are relatively aligned, the tops of the lower row of buffer members are aligned with the bottom ends of the upper row of buffer members, and the lower row of cultivation holes are aligned with the bottom ends of the lower row of buffer members.
  • Two adjacent rows of cultivation holes are arranged in dislocation, and the buffer members between the two adjacent rows of cultivation holes are odd-numbered rows.
  • Two adjacent rows of cultivation holes are arranged in alignment, and the buffer members between the two adjacent rows of cultivation holes are in even rows.
  • the number of rows of cushioning parts is related to the location of the cultivation holes. The more rows of buffering parts, the longer the flow path of the nutrient solution between the two rows of cultivation holes, and the better the buffering effect.
  • two rows of cultivation holes are also required.
  • the spacing between the cultivation holes will be relatively large, and the specific buffer members are one row or two rows.
  • the deflector is a plane or a curved surface.
  • the change of flow velocity of the nutrient solution on the deflector is uneven, the nutrient solution first flows gently, and then accelerates again, and the nutrient solution moves from a high place to a curved surface.
  • a certain jet can be formed, and the flow state of the nutrient solution changes drastically, so that the oxygen exchange between the nutrient solution and the air is relatively sufficient;
  • the deflector is a flat plate, the flow rate of the nutrient solution on the deflector The change is uniform, and compared with the vertical flow, the flow velocity of the nutrient solution flowing through the cultivation hole is lower, which has a better buffering effect.
  • the nutrient solution provides nutrition for the plant roots on the cultivation holes. Since the nutrient solution flows through each cultivation hole from top to bottom, the flow rate of the nutrient solution under gravity is relatively fast. , the flow speed is also difficult to control.
  • the buffer member between two adjacent rows of cultivation holes guides the nutrient solution, it also plays a certain buffering role on the nutrient solution flow. When the nutrient solution flow flows to the buffer member When the nutrient solution flows through the cultivation hole, the impact of the nutrient solution on the plant root system is reduced due to the slow flow rate when the nutrient solution flows through the cultivation hole, effectively ensuring the growth of the plant root system. .
  • Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the planting board described in embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of local water flow on the back of the planting board described in Example 1, and the arrows indicate the flow of water flow.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural diagram of the planting board described in embodiment 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of local water flow on the back of the planting board described in Example 2, and the arrows indicate the flow of water flow.
  • Fig. 5 is the structural diagram of the planting board described in embodiment 3.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of local water flow on the back of the planting board described in Example 3, and the arrows indicate the flow of water flow.
  • Fig. 7 is the structural diagram of the planting board described in embodiment 4.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of local water flow on the back of the planting board described in Example 4, and the arrows indicate the flow of water flow.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of local water flow on the back of the planting board described in Example 5, and the arrows indicate the flow of water flow.
  • the present embodiment provides a vertical flow cultivation board, which includes a cultivation board body 1, on which there are multiple rows of cultivation holes 2 and each row includes a plurality of cultivation holes 2 arranged at intervals, The two adjacent rows of cultivation holes 2 are misplaced.
  • a row of buffer members 3 is arranged between the upper and lower rows of cultivation holes 2, and each row includes a plurality of buffer members 3 arranged at intervals.
  • the buffer member 3 is used to guide the nutrient solution flowing through the upper row of cultivation holes 2 to the lower row of cultivation holes 2 and slow down the flow speed of the nutrient solution.
  • the buffer member 3 includes a deflector 3131, the deflector 31 is perpendicular to the back of the planting board body 1, the deflector 31 and the planting board body 1 can be set as an integral structure, or can be set as a detachable connection , the integrated structure can avoid the installation gap between the deflector 31 and the planting board body 1, the detachable connection can conveniently adjust the number and position of the buffer parts 3, and the detachable connection can use tongue and groove connection.
  • the deflector 31 is arranged obliquely and has an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane. The deflector 31 plays a role in blocking water flow. Under the action of the deflector 31, the nutrient solution flows in a meandering channel.
  • the angle ⁇ is an acute angle, and The size is 30-60°.
  • the included angle ⁇ is 60°
  • the deflector 31 is a plane plate
  • the deflectors 31 of each row of buffer members are parallel to each other
  • the inclination directions of the upper and lower adjacent deflectors 31 are opposite.
  • the buffer member 3 guides the nutrient solution between the upper and lower rows of cultivation holes 2, and after the nutrient solution flows through the upper row of cultivation holes 2, it is guided by the deflector 31 to the lower row of cultivation holes 2.
  • the upper row of cultivation holes 2 is vertically projected on the top of the deflector 31, and the lower row of cultivation holes 21 is located on the axial extension line of the bottom of the deflector 31, and the nutrient solution flows through the upper
  • the nutrient solution flows downwards, then flows to the top of the deflector 31, and then flows along the deflector.
  • the plants on the cultivation holes 2 The root system absorbs, and the remaining nutrient solution continues to flow to the next row of deflectors 31 .
  • the deflector 31 is arranged obliquely, and with respect to the vertical flow path of the nutrient solution, the deflector 31 arranged obliquely changes the flow direction of the nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution flows along the meandering channel, the flow path of the nutrient solution is lengthened, and the flow of the nutrient solution The flow speed slows down, and the impact on the root system of the cultivation hole 2 is weakened.
  • the curved flow channel has a longer distance, and the nutrient solution can exchange sufficient gas with the air during the flow process, so that the nutrient solution There is sufficient oxygen content when flowing to the cultivation hole 2, which is conducive to the growth and development of plant roots.
  • the size of the included angle ⁇ determines the degree of inclination of the deflector 31, the smaller the angle ⁇ , the better the blocking effect of the deflector 31, the smoother the flow of the nutrient solution on the deflector 31, and the smoother the flow path of the nutrient solution.
  • the included angle ⁇ is 30°.
  • the deflector 31 is a curved panel.
  • the deflectors 31 of two adjacent rows of cushioning parts have opposite bending directions.
  • the specific deflector 31 is a circular arc plate with a central angle of 90°.
  • the top of the circular arc plate is tangent to the horizontal plane. At this time, the angle ⁇ is 45°.
  • the upper row of cultivation holes 2 is vertically projected on the top of the deflector 31, and the lower row of cultivation holes 2 is located on the extension line of the line connecting the top and bottom of the circular arc plate, and the nutrient solution flows from the upper After the rows of cultivation holes 2 flow through, the nutrient solution flows in a parabola on the deflector 31, and the lower row of cultivation holes 2 has a vertical distance and a horizontal distance from the bottom of the smooth plate, and the nutrient solution just flows through the lower row of cultivation holes after the parabolic flow. 2.
  • the deflector 31 is a curved surface, the change of the flow velocity of the nutrient solution on the deflector 31 is uneven, and the nutrient solution first flows gently.
  • the nutrient solution flows from a high place to a low place on the curved surface, it can A certain jet flow is formed, and the flow state of the nutrient solution changes drastically, so that the oxygen exchange between the nutrient solution and the air is relatively sufficient.
  • this embodiment provides a kind of vertical flow cultivation plate, compared with embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is that buffer member 3 includes two baffles 31 that are arranged obliquely, two The tops of the two deflectors 31 are connected and arranged symmetrically, and the intersecting sides of the two deflectors 31 are corresponding to the upper row of cultivation holes 2, and at least one of the free sides of the two deflectors 31 is connected to the lower row of cultivation holes.
  • the holes 2 correspond to each other.
  • the opposite two deflectors 31 on two adjacent two buffer members 3 correspond to the same lower row of cultivation holes 2.
  • the deflectors 31 are flat plates, and the deflectors 31 are arranged obliquely.
  • the upper row of cultivation holes 2 is projected on the top side where the two deflectors 31 of the buffer member intersect, and the bottoms of the two opposite deflectors 31 of the left and right adjacent buffer members 3 There is a gap at the end, and the cultivation hole 2 of the lower row is aligned with the center of the gap.
  • the included angle between the deflectors 31 and the horizontal plane is ⁇ , specifically ⁇ is 30°. In another implementation manner, ⁇ may be set to 60°.
  • Two deflectors 31 intersect and are arranged symmetrically.
  • the upper row of cultivation holes 2 vertically flows down to the top side where the two deflectors 31 intersect.
  • the intersection of the two deflectors 31 nourishes
  • the split flow of the liquid through the two guide plates 31 is divided into two streams of nutrient liquid.
  • the two deflectors 31 can play a role in shunting the flow, so that the buffer member 3 has a better buffering effect.
  • the nutrient solution diverted on the adjacent buffer member 3 is mixed, which strengthens the uniformity of the nutrient solution distribution.
  • the two nutrient solutions are mixed, they can offset the inertial forces in opposite directions and further slow down the impact of the nutrient solution on the root system of the plant in the cultivation hole 2. impact.
  • each buffer member includes two deflectors, and when the two deflectors 31 are two curved panels, Specifically, the deflector 31 is a circular arc plate with a central angle of 90°, two circular arc plates form a semicircular plate, the top of the semicircular plate is tangent to the horizontal plane, and the included angle at this time is ⁇ is 45°, Among the two adjacent rows of cultivation holes 2, the upper row of cultivation holes is projected on the central position of the top of the semicircular plate, the bottom ends of the two relative deflectors of the left and right adjacent buffer members 3 have gaps, and the lower row of cultivation holes 2 is located directly below the gap.
  • the nutrient solution flows vertically from the upper row of cultivation holes 2 to the top of the buffer member 3, it is divided into two streams by the two circular arc plates.
  • a jet flow is formed.
  • the nutrient solution diverted by the deflectors opposite to the left and right adjacent buffer parts converges into one stream, and finally flows through the lower row of cultivation holes from the gaps of the deflector parts.
  • This embodiment provides a vertical flow cultivation board. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that the cultivation holes 2 on the cultivation board body 1 are aligned, and at this time two adjacent rows The number of rows of buffer members 3 between the cultivation holes 2 must be an even number. In this embodiment, two rows of buffer members 3 are arranged between the upper and lower rows of cultivation holes 2.
  • the buffer members 3 include two deflectors 31. Two deflectors 31 are connected, and the deflectors 31 are 1/4 circular arc plates. There is a gap between the relative deflectors 31 between two adjacent buffer members 3.
  • the top of the upper row of buffers is aligned with the upper row of cultivation holes 2
  • the top of the lower row of buffers 3 is aligned with the gap between the upper row of buffers 3
  • the bottom of the lower row of buffers is aligned with the lower row of cultivation holes 2
  • the nutrient solution flows downward from the upper row of cultivation holes 2 to the upper row of buffer members 3, it is divided by two deflectors 31, and the opposite deflectors 31 of the two adjacent buffer members 3 in the same row gather the nutrient solution and flow downward.
  • the nutrient solution flows to the cultivation holes 2 of the lower row after diverting and converging through the deflector 31 of the buffer 3 of the lower row, and provides nutrients for the plants of the lower cultivation holes 2, so through two times of diversion and Convergence makes the distribution of the nutrient solution on the back of the planting board body 1 more uniform.
  • the nutrient solution can fully exchange with the oxygen in the air, increasing the oxygen content of the nutrient solution, which is helpful for plant growth. Root growth.
  • an element defined by the phrase “comprising" or “comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising said element.
  • “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding” and so on are understood as not including the original number; “above”, “below”, “within” and so on are understood as including the original number.

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Abstract

一种垂流式栽培板，包括种植板本体（1），种植板本体（1）上设有多排栽培孔（2）且每排包括多个间隔设置的栽培孔（2），每上下相邻两排栽培孔（2）之间设有若干排缓冲件（3），缓冲件（3）设置在栽培板本体（1）背面，缓冲件（3）用于将流经上排栽培孔（2）的营养液导流至下排栽培孔（2）内，并减缓营养液的流动速度。该栽培板相邻两排栽培孔之间的缓冲件导流营养液的同时，也对营养液水流起到一定的缓冲作用，营养液对植物根系的冲击降低，有效的保证了植物根系的生长。

Description

一种垂流式栽培板 技术领域
本发明涉及植物栽培领域，特别是一种垂流式栽培板。
背景技术
在植物栽培领域中，立体化种植是一种空间高效利用的现代化种植方式，大大提升了土地单位面积的种植产出，目前一般采用多层架设的方式进行植物培育，栽培盘水平的放置在层架上。水平放置的栽培盘营养液容易完全浸没植物根系，导致植物根系供氧不足，影响植物生长，当栽培盘垂直设置，供液系统垂直供液时，能够既保证植物的营养供养又能够保证氧气供应，但是在垂直下流的营养液，流速较大，容易对植物的根系产生较大的冲击，特别是位于底层时，营养液的流速最大，严重影响了植物根系的生长发育。
发明内容
为此，需要提供适于一种垂流式种植的垂流式栽培板，减缓营养液流动过程对植物根系的冲击，保证植物的正常生长。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种垂流式栽培板，包括种植板本体，所述种植板本上设有多排栽培孔且每排包括多个间隔设置的栽培孔，每上下相邻两排栽培孔之间设有若干排缓冲件，所述缓冲件设置在栽培板本体背面，缓冲件用于将流经上排栽培孔的营养液导流至下排栽培孔内，并减缓营养液的流动速度。
进一步，所述缓冲件包括至少一个导流板，所述导流板设置为营养液在种植板本体的背面上沿着蜿蜒的通道流动。
上述方案中，缓冲件阻挡营养液使之沿着蜿蜒的通道流动，相对于营养液垂直流动的路径，蜿蜒的流动路径,营养液的流动速度变缓，对栽培孔植物根系的冲击力减弱，蜿蜒通道的流动路径相比于垂直路径，路程加长，营养液在流动的过程中能够与空气中进行充足的气体交换，使得营养液流至栽培 孔时有充足的氧气含量，有助于植物根系的生长发育。
进一步，上下相邻的两排栽培孔错位设置，每上下相邻两排栽培孔之间设有一排缓冲件，栽培孔错位设置能够加强种植板上的空间利用率。
进一步，所述缓冲件包括一个导流板，所述导流板具有顶端和底端，顶端和底端的连线与水平面具有夹角α，所述导流板的顶端和底端分别与上下相邻的两排栽培孔相对应。夹角α为锐角，具体的α的大小为30-60°，夹角α越小，营养液在导流板上的流动水流越平缓，营养液的流动路径越长，反之，夹角α越大，营养液在导流板上的流动水流越急，营养液的流动路径越小，可以根据不同品种植物的需要进行相应的调整。
进一步，所述缓冲件包括两个导流板，所述导流板具有顶端和底端，顶端和底端的连线与水平面与水平面具有夹角β，两个导流板的顶端相互连接，两个导流板相连接的顶端与上排栽培孔相对应，下排栽培孔与导流板的底端相对应，夹角β为锐角，具体的β的大小为30-60°，营养液流动至缓冲件的两个导流板的相交顶端时，对于流量较大营养液的时，两个导流板能起到一定的分流作用，使得缓冲件具有更好的缓冲效果。
进一步，相邻的两个缓冲件上相对的两个导流板对应同一个下排栽培孔，由此经由一个缓冲件的两个导流板分流后，营养液水流分别与相邻缓冲件上相对的导流板的营养液进行混合，提高营养液在流动过程中分布的均匀性。
进一步，所述上下相邻的两排栽培孔对齐设置，每上下相邻两排栽培孔之间设有上下两排缓冲件，相邻两排栽培孔中，上排缓冲件的顶端与上排栽培孔相对齐，下排缓冲件的顶端与上排缓冲件的底端相对齐，下排栽培孔与下排缓冲件的底端对齐。
相邻两排栽培孔错位排列，相邻两排栽培孔之间的缓冲件为奇数排。相邻两排栽培孔对齐排列，相邻两排栽培孔之间的缓冲件为偶数排。缓冲件的排数与栽培孔的位置设置是相关联的，缓冲件的排数越多，营养液在两排栽培孔之间的流动路径越长，缓冲效果越好，但是同时也要求两排栽培孔之间 的间距要要比较大，具体的缓冲件为一排或两排。
进一步，所述导流板为平面或曲面。
上述方案中，当导流板为曲面板时，营养液在导流板上的流速变化是不均匀的，营养液先进行平缓的流动，再次进行加速运动，且营养液在曲面从高处往低处上流动时，能够形成一定的射流，营养液流动状态变化较为剧烈，使得营养液与空气中的氧气交换较为充足；当导流板为平面板时，营养液在导流板上的流速变化是均匀的，与垂直流动相比，营养液流经栽培孔时的流速更低，具有更好的缓冲效果。
上述技术方案具有以下有益效果：
本发明中，种植板本体的背面设有若干排缓冲件，营养液为栽培孔上的植物根系提供营养，由于营养液是从上至下流经各个栽培孔，营养液在重力的流动速度较快，流动速度也较难控制，本发明中，相邻两排栽培孔之间的缓冲件导流营养液的同时，也对营养液水流起到一定的缓冲作用，当营养液水流流动至缓冲件时，经由缓冲件的缓冲导流作用，营养液的流动速度减小，当营养液流经栽培孔时，由于流速变缓，营养液对植物根系的冲击降低，有效的保证了植物根系的生长。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所述种植板的结构图。
图2为实施例1所述种植板背面的局部水流示意图，箭头表示水流的流动。
图3为实施例2所述种植板的结构图。
图4为实施例2所述种植板背面的局部水流示意图，箭头表示水流的流动。
图5为实施例3所述种植板的结构图。
图6为实施例3所述种植板背面的局部水流示意图，箭头表示水流的流动。
图7为实施例4所述种植板的结构图。
图8为实施例4所述种植板背面的局部水流示意图，箭头表示水流的流动。
图9为实施例5所述种植板背面的局部水流示意图，箭头表示水流的流动。
附图标记说明：
1、种植板本体；2、栽培孔；3、缓冲件；31、导流板。
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实施例并配合附图详予说明。
实施例1
请参阅图1-2，本实施例提供一种垂流式栽培板，包括种植板本体1，种植板本体1上设有多排栽培孔2且每排包括多个间隔设置的栽培孔2，相邻的两排栽培孔2错位设置，种植板本体1的背面上相邻上下两排栽培孔2之间设有一排缓冲件3且每排包括多个间隔设置的缓冲件3，缓冲件3与栽培孔2一一对应，缓冲件3用于将流经上排栽培孔2的营养液导流至下排栽培孔2并减缓营养液的流动速度。本实施例中，缓冲件3包括一个导流板3131，导流板31垂直于种植板本体1的背面，导流板31与种植板本体1可以设置成一体结构，也可以设置成可拆卸连接，一体结构能够避免导流板31与种植板本体1的安装缝隙，可拆卸连接的方式可以方便调整缓冲件3的个数和位置，可拆卸连接的方式可以使用榫槽连接。导流板31倾斜设置并与水平面具有夹角α，导流板31起到阻挡水流的作用，营养液在导流板31的作用下，呈蜿蜒通道流动，夹角α为锐角，α的大小为30-60°。
在本实施例中，夹角α为60°，导流板31为一平面板，每排缓冲件的导流板31相互平行，上下相邻的导流板31的倾斜方向相反，本实施例中，缓冲件3导流上下两排栽培孔2之间的营养液，营养液流过上排栽培孔2之后， 由导流板31导流至下排栽培孔2。具体的，相邻两排栽培孔2中，上排栽培孔2垂直投影于导流板31的顶端，下排栽培孔21位于导流板31底端的轴向延长线上，营养液流经上排栽培孔2后，由于栽培孔2上植株根系的阻挡作用，营养液向下流动，之后流到导流板31的顶端，之后沿着导流板进行流动，下排栽培孔2与导流板31的底端之间具有间隙，避免导流板31的底端妨碍植株根系的生长，营养液流动到导流板31的底端之后，飞射一段距离之后，被栽培孔2上的植株根系吸收，剩余的营养液继续，流向下一排导流板31。
导流板31倾斜设置，相对于营养液垂直流动的路径，倾斜设置的导流板31改变营养液的流动方向，使得营养液沿着蜿蜒通道流动，营养液的流动路径加长，营养液的流动速度变缓，对栽培孔2植物根系的冲击力减弱，弯折的流动通道相比于垂直路径，路程加长，营养液在流动的过程中能够与空气中进行充足的气体交换，使得营养液流至栽培孔2时有充足的氧气含量，有助于植物根系的生长发育。夹角α的大小决定了导流板31的倾斜程度，夹角α越小，导流板31的阻挡效果越好，营养液在导流板31上的流动水流越平缓，营养液的流动路径越长，反之，夹角α越大，导流板31的阻挡效果越差，营养液在导流板31上的流动水流越急，营养液的流动路径越小。
另一种实施方式，夹角α为30°。
实施例2
请参阅图3-4，一种垂流式栽培板，与实施例1不同的是，导流板31为一曲面板。相邻两排的缓冲件的导流板31弯曲方向相反具体的导流板31为一圆心角为90°的圆弧板，圆弧板的顶端与水平面相切，此时夹角α为45°，相邻两排栽培孔2中，上排栽培孔2垂直投影于导流板31的顶端，下排栽培孔2位于圆弧板顶端和底端的连线的延长线上，营养液从上排栽培孔2流过之后，营养液在导流板31上呈抛物线流动，下排栽培孔2与圆滑板底端具有垂直间距和水平间距，营养液做抛物线流动后刚好流经下排栽培孔2，当导流板31为曲面时，营养液在导流板31上的流速变化是不均匀的，营养液先进 行平缓的流动，营养液在曲面从高处往低处上流动时，能够形成一定的射流，营养液流动状态变化较为剧烈，使得营养液与空气中的氧气交换较为充足。
实施例3
请参阅图5-6，本实施例提供一种垂流式栽培板，与实施例1相比，本实施例中的不同点在于，缓冲件3包括两个倾斜设置的导流板31，两个导流板31的顶部相接且对称设置，，两个导流板31的相交的侧边与上排栽培孔2相对应，两个导流板31的自由侧边至少一个与下排栽培孔2相对应，具体的，两个相邻的两个缓冲件3上相对的两个导流板31对应同一个下排栽培孔2，导流板31为平面板，导流板31倾斜设置，相邻两排栽培栽培孔2中，上排栽培孔2投影于缓冲件的两个导流板31相交的顶端侧边上，左右相邻缓冲件3的相对的两个导流板的底端具有间隙，下排栽培孔2与该间隙的中央对齐。
本实施例中，当两个导流板31为平面板时，导流板31与水平面的夹角为β，具体的β为30°。另一种实施方式的，可以将β设置为60°。
两个导流板31相交且对称设置，相邻两排栽培孔2中，上排栽培孔2垂直下流至两个导流板31相交的顶端侧边上，两个导流板31相交处营养液经由两个导流板31进行的分流，分成两股营养液。当营养液的流量较大时，两个导流板31能起到一定的分流作用，使得缓冲件3具有更好的缓冲效果，每股营养液流动至导流板的底端的时候，又与相邻缓冲件3上分流的营养液进行混合，加强了营养液分布的均匀性，两股营养液在混合时，能够相互抵消方向相反的惯性力，进一步减缓营养液对栽培孔2植物根系的冲击力。
实施例4
请参阅图7-8，本实施例提供一种垂流式栽培板，与实施例3相比，每个缓冲件包括两个导流板，两个导流板31为两个曲面板时，具体的，导流板31为圆心角为90°的圆弧板，两个圆弧板组成半圆形板，半圆形板的顶端与水平面相切，此时夹角为β为45°，相邻的两排栽培孔2中，上排栽培孔投影于半圆形板的顶端的中央位置，左右相邻缓冲件3的相对的两个导流板的底 端具有间隙，下排栽培孔2位于该间隙的正下方，营养液从上排栽培孔2垂直流动到缓冲件3的顶端后，被两个圆弧板分成两股，两股营养液在圆弧板上流动时，形成射流，左右相邻的缓冲件相对的导流板所导流营养液又汇聚成一股，最后从导流板件的间隙流经下排栽培孔。
实施例5
请参阅图9，本实施例提供一种垂流式栽培板，与实施例1相比，本实施例的不同点在于，种植板本体1上的栽培孔2对齐排列，此时相邻两排栽培孔2之间的缓冲件3的排数须为偶数，本实施例中，相邻上下两排栽培孔2之间设置上下两排缓冲件3，缓冲件3包括两个导流板31，两个导流板31相接，导流板31为1/4圆弧板，相邻两个缓冲件3之间相对的导流板31之间具有间隙，相邻的两排栽培孔中，上排缓冲件的顶端与上排栽培孔2对齐，下排缓冲件3的顶端位于与上排缓冲件3之间的间隙的对齐，下排缓冲件的底端与下排栽培孔2对齐，营养液从上排栽培孔2向下流动至上排缓冲件3后，由两个导流板31进行分流，同一排相邻两个缓冲件3的相对的导流板31汇聚营养液并流向下排缓冲件3，营养液再经过下排缓冲件3的导流板31的分流、汇聚之后流动至下排栽培孔2，为下栽培孔2的植物提供营养成分，如此经过两次的分流和汇聚，使得营养液在种植板本体1的背面分布更加均匀，同时在分流和汇聚的过程中，营养液能与空气中的氧气进行充分的交换，提高营养液的含氧量，有助于植物根系的生长。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括……”或“包含……” 限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的要素。此外，在本文中，“大于”、“小于”、“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”、“以下”、“以内”等理解为包括本数。
尽管已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改，所以以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种垂流式栽培板，其特征在于，包括种植板本体，所述种植板本体上设有多排栽培孔且每排包括多个间隔设置的栽培孔，每上下相邻两排栽培孔之间设有若干排缓冲件，所述缓冲件设置在栽培板本体背面，缓冲件用于将流经上排栽培孔的营养液导流至下排栽培孔，并减缓营养液的流动速度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的种植板，其特征在于，所述缓冲件包括至少一个导流板，所述导流板设置为营养液在种植板本体的背面上沿着蜿蜒的通道流动。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的种植板，其特征在于，上下相邻的两排栽培孔错位设置，每上下相邻两排栽培孔之间设有一排缓冲件。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的种植板，其特征在于，所述缓冲件包括一个导流板，所述导流板具有顶端和底端，顶端和底端的连线与水平面具有夹角α，所述导流板的顶端和底端分别与上下相邻的两排栽培孔相对应。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的种植板，其特征在于，所述缓冲件包括两个导流板，所述导流板具有顶端和底端，顶端和底端的连线与水平面与水平面具有夹角β，两个导流板的顶端相互连接，两个导流板相连接的顶端与上排栽培孔相对应，下排栽培孔与导流板的底端相对应。
  6. 如权利要求5述的种植板，其特征在于，相邻的两个缓冲件上相对的两个导流板对应同一个下排栽培孔。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的种植板，其特征在于，所述上下相邻的两排栽培孔对齐设置，每上下相邻两排栽培孔之间设有上下两排缓冲件，相邻两排栽培孔中，上排缓冲件的顶端与上排栽培孔相对齐，下排缓冲件的顶端与上排缓冲件的底端相对齐，下排栽培孔与下排缓冲件的底端对齐。
  8. 如权利要求2-7任一所述的种植板，其特征在于，所述导流板为平面板或曲面板
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