WO2023093148A1 - 三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台 - Google Patents

三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023093148A1
WO2023093148A1 PCT/CN2022/113661 CN2022113661W WO2023093148A1 WO 2023093148 A1 WO2023093148 A1 WO 2023093148A1 CN 2022113661 W CN2022113661 W CN 2022113661W WO 2023093148 A1 WO2023093148 A1 WO 2023093148A1
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Prior art keywords
floating platform
offshore floating
column
lower box
columns
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PCT/CN2022/113661
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邹康
桂满海
张雨新
刘文华
何静
田彧
陆晟
Original Assignee
上海船舶研究设计院（中国船舶集团有限公司第六〇四研究院）
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Application filed by 上海船舶研究设计院（中国船舶集团有限公司第六〇四研究院） filed Critical 上海船舶研究设计院（中国船舶集团有限公司第六〇四研究院）
Priority to KR1020237012686A priority Critical patent/KR20230082630A/ko
Publication of WO2023093148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023093148A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B63B43/08—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability by transfer of solid ballast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/442—Spar-type semi-submersible structures, i.e. shaped as single slender, e.g. substantially cylindrical or trussed vertical bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2207/00—Buoyancy or ballast means
    • B63B2207/02—Variable ballast or buoyancy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/932—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a catamaran-like structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the application relates to a three-column semi-submersible offshore floating platform.
  • a semi-submersible offshore floating fan foundation is described.
  • the foundation includes four columns, one of which is the center column, and the fan is installed on the middle column, and the remaining three columns form a triangle around the center column.
  • the structure uses large-area triangular perforated plates at the bottom of the columns to connect the four columns to each other, and the top uses a star-shaped deck radiating from the central column to connect the remaining three columns.
  • the middle column of this structure contributes very little to the stability of the platform, which means that there is no redundancy in the stability of the platform. As long as one of the remaining three columns around the middle column is damaged and flooded, the platform will lose its stability. , resulting in an overturn.
  • FIG. 1 Another typical floating structure uses three columns to connect the lower and upper structures.
  • Patents with publication numbers AU2015339391B2, WO2012069498A1, CN208416810U, CN112009635A, and CN112357000A describe a variety of three-column offshore floating platforms.
  • the three columns are circular or Square, arranged vertically or obliquely, the three columns are connected to form a triangle with a truss or box structure, and the top is in the form of a triangle or star structure.
  • the fan is installed on one of the columns or at the center of the three columns.
  • the technical problem to be solved in this application is to provide a three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a three-column semi-submersible offshore floating platform, which includes an upper box-shaped member and a lower box-shaped member; the upper box-shaped member includes two oblique members and a transverse member, and one end of the two oblique members The two ends of the transverse member are respectively connected to two oblique members; the oblique member and the transverse member form an A-shaped structure; the structural center of the upper box-type member is located on the transverse member; the lower box-type member is hollowed out in the middle Ring structure; there are three columns between the upper box member and the lower box member; the top of one of the columns is located at the junction of one end of the two oblique members, and the tops of the other two columns are respectively located at the two oblique members the other end of the
  • the lower box-like member is triangular; the bottoms of the three columns are respectively located in the areas where the three acute angles are located; the three ends of the lower box-like member are acute-angled or arc-shaped.
  • the middle hollow portion of the lower box member is triangular or polygonal.
  • three uprights are evenly distributed around the structural center of the upper box member.
  • a heave plate is fixed on the outer wall of the middle hollow part of the lower box-type member; a structural reinforcement is provided on the heave plate; and a plurality of spoiler holes are opened on the heave plate.
  • the cross section of the columns is circular or polygonal; the columns are distributed vertically or obliquely.
  • ballast water tanks are provided in the columns; the three-column semi-submersible offshore floating platform also includes a ballast system that controls the amount of ballast water in the ballast water tanks through water pumps and pipelines.
  • a fixed ballast tank or a ballast water tank is provided in the lower box member, and solid ballast is provided in the fixed ballast tank.
  • the upper box member is a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure
  • the lower box member is a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure
  • the column is a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure.
  • the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform further includes a mooring device for anchoring connection with the seabed.
  • the beneficial effect of the present application is that: in the three-column semi-submersible offshore floating platform of the present application, the three columns are evenly arranged around the device to be installed, so that the force on the floating platform is uniform; the device is installed at the center of the floating platform , which can minimize the movement range of the device; compared with the star-shaped radial structure used on the upper part, the form of the structural connection of this platform is simpler, the structural stress is smaller, and the steel consumption of the structure can be reduced; the upper end of this platform adopts A-shaped
  • the box-shaped structure can arrange the devices to be installed in the center of the platform, and is simpler than other structural forms. The structure is less stressed, less steel is used, and it is convenient for large-scale batch construction.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform in a preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an upper box-like component of a preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of A-A in Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform in a preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present application when the first type of heave plate is provided.
  • Fig. 6 is a view of the use state when the first type of heave plate is set in the preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present application when a second type of heave plate is provided.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram of the use state when the second type of heave plate is set in the preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a three-column semi-submersible offshore floating platform, which includes an upper box-type component 10 and the lower box member 20 .
  • Upper box member 10 comprises two oblique members 11 and a cross member 12, and one end of two oblique members 11 is connected, and the two ends of cross member 12 are respectively connected with two oblique members 11; Diagonal member 11 and The cross members 12 form an A-shaped structure.
  • the structural center of the upper box member 10 is located on the cross member 12 .
  • the structural center of the upper box member 10 forms the structural center of the three-column semi-submersible offshore floating platform.
  • Three uprights 30 are arranged between the upper box-type member 10 and the lower box-type member 20; the top of one of the uprights 30 is located at the junction of one ends of the two oblique members 11, and the tops of the other two uprights 30 are respectively located at the two oblique to the other end of member 11. Three uprights 30 are evenly distributed around the structural center of the upper box member 10 .
  • the lower box-like member 20 is a hollowed-out ring structure.
  • the lower box member 20 is triangular; and is an equilateral triangle.
  • the bottoms of the three columns 30 are respectively located in the areas where the three acute angles are located.
  • the middle hollow part of the lower box member 20 is triangular or polygonal. In this embodiment, the middle hollow portion of the lower box member 20 is triangular.
  • the three ends of the lower box member 20 are acute-angled or arc-shaped. In this embodiment, the three ends of the lower box member 20 are arc-shaped.
  • the cross section of the column 30 is circular or polygonal; the column 30 is distributed vertically or obliquely.
  • the cross-section of the columns 30 is circular, and the columns 30 are distributed vertically.
  • the lower box member 20 is provided with a ballast tank 21 , and the ballast tank 21 may be a water ballast tank or a fixed ballast tank. Solid ballast is provided in the fixed ballast tank.
  • a ballast water tank 31 is disposed inside the column 30 .
  • the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform also includes a ballast system (not shown in the figure) that controls the amount of ballast water in the ballast water tank 31 through water pumps and pipelines.
  • a ballast system (not shown in the figure) that controls the amount of ballast water in the ballast water tank 31 through water pumps and pipelines.
  • the upper box member 10 is a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure
  • the lower box member 20 is a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure
  • the column 30 is a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure .
  • the interior of the upper box-type component 10 , the lower box-type component 20 and the column 30 is reinforced by orthogonal stiffeners or main beam structures.
  • Combination 1 the upper box-like member 10, the lower box-like member 20 and the column 30 are all steel structural parts.
  • Combination 2 the upper box-type member 10, the lower box-type member 20 and the column 30 are all reinforced concrete structural members.
  • Combination 3 the upper box-type member 10 and the lower box-type member 20 are steel structural parts, and the column 30 is a reinforced concrete structural member.
  • Combination 4 the upper box-type member 10 and the lower box-type member 20 are reinforced concrete structural parts, and the column 30 is a steel structural member.
  • the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform further includes a mooring device (not shown in the figure) for anchoring connection with the seabed.
  • various devices requiring floating installation can be installed on the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform.
  • a wind generator 50 is arranged at the structural center of the upper box-type member 10 .
  • the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform further includes a heave plate.
  • a heave plate 40 is fixed on the outer wall of the middle hollow part of the lower box-type member 20; a structural reinforcement 41 is provided on the heave plate 40; spoiler hole 42 .
  • Figure 5 and Figure 7 show two different heave plate structures respectively.
  • the heave plate 40 is arranged in the lower box member 20, which can increase the additional mass and damping coefficient of the vertical movement of the platform, and improve the vertical movement performance.
  • the upper end of the column 30 adopts an A-shaped box structure
  • the lower end adopts a ring structure
  • three columns 30 are used in the middle to connect the upper and lower structures.
  • ballast tanks or ballast water tanks are arranged in the lower box-type member 20, and one or more ballast water tanks are arranged in each column 30, and the ballast system passes through corresponding Advanced water pumps, pipelines and control systems automatically adjust the water volume of each ballast water tank to balance the tilt of the platform caused by external forces.
  • Several functional compartments can be arranged inside the upper box member 10 .
  • the form of the column 30 in the present application is not limited to a circle, and may be a square or other forms. According to the structure, stability and movement requirements, the size of the column 30 along the height direction can be designed to be inconsistent, and the axis of the column 30 is not limited to vertical form, and can be designed to be inclined.
  • the device used for supporting installation is not limited to wind power generators, but can be any other device that requires floating installation, such as other energy conversion devices, booster stations and fishery cages, etc.
  • the number of installations can be one or more.
  • the installation location is at the structural center of the upper box member 10 .
  • the upper end of the platform adopts an A-shaped box structure, which means that the devices to be installed can be arranged in the center of the platform, and it is simpler than other structural forms, with less structural force, less steel consumption, and convenient large-scale batch construction.
  • the three-pillar semi-submersible offshore floating platform of the present application has a simple structure and is convenient for large-scale batch construction; the supporting device is located at the center of the platform, and the movement is small; Less structural steel or less structural force.

Abstract

一种三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其包括上部箱式构件（10）和下部箱式构件（20）。上部箱式构件（10）包括两个斜向构件（11）和一个横向构件（12），两个斜向构件（11）的一端相连接，横向构件（12）的两端分别连接于两个斜向构件（11）。斜向构件（11）和横向构件（12）围成A字型结构。上部箱式构件（10）的结构中心位于横向构件（12）上。上部箱式构件（10）和下部箱式构件（20）之间设有三个立柱（30），其中一个立柱（30）的顶部位于两个斜向构件（11）的一端的连接处，另外两个立柱（30）的顶部分别位于两个斜向构件（11）的另一端。该浮动平台上部结构较常规环形和中心辐射形结构具有更少的结构用钢量或更小的结构受力，结构形式简洁，便于规模化批量建造。

Description

三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台
相关申请
本申请要求于2021年11月29日递交的申请号为202111433577.8的中国发明专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台。
背景技术
目前，随着海上风电场的不断发展和建设，近海(岸)优质风力资源以及可开发海域越来越少。而在远离海岸的远海区域，风力资源非常丰富，具有非常广阔的开发前景。然而，随着离岸距离的增加，水深也逐渐增加，当水深超过50m～60m时，目前近海风电场广泛采用的固定于海床的固定式风机基础的成本和施工难度显著增加，不再具备优势。因此，浮动式风机基础(平台)势必成为未来海上风电开发的重要研究方向。
经过近几十年的发展，用于海上油气开发的浮动式平台的设计及制造技术日趋成熟，因此，借鉴浮式油气开发平台的成熟技术(如单立柱平台、半潜式平台、张力腿等)来设计浮动式风机平台是国际上普遍采用的方法。但是，海上风电平台和油气开发平台的作业模式不尽相同，所以技术特点和设计要求也不一样，不能完全照搬油气开发平台的模式来设计海上风电平台。例如，海上油气平台一旦发生事故，生命财产损失以及对环境造成的破坏往往是巨大的。海上浮动式风机则具有数量规模大，无人值守，规模化制造，风机受力以及控制系统与平台运动高度耦合等特点。风机运动所引起的额外受力，对平台的运动和稳定性产生不利的影响，因此，开发一种运动性能优异、稳定性好、安全可靠、经济性好、制造安装方便的浮动式风电基础平台是浮式风电场开发的重要组成部分。
依托海上油气开发行业的经验和技术，目前相继提出了单立柱平台(SPAR)、半潜式平台、张力腿平台(TLP)以及驳船式平台等不同形式的风电基础概念和方案。其中一些已经工程应用或开展试验样机验证，分别为Hywind项目SPAR基础，Windfloat的半潜式基础，以及IDEOL带阻尼池的驳船式基础。
目前，存在各种形式的海上浮动式风电基础，其中不少采用半潜型浮式结构，通常具有上部结构、下部结构和若干中间连接结构，此类结构是用于海上石油和天然气开发的半潜式 平台的典型结构。整个结构的设计需要根据环境条件、风机的大小和形式、制造安装以及经济性等因素来确定。
在公开号为CN102758447B的专利中描述了一种半潜式海上浮动风机基础，该基础包括四个立柱，其中一个为中心立柱、风机安装于中间立柱之上，其余三个立柱围绕中心立柱形成三角形结构，在立柱底部采用大面积的三角形开孔板将四个立柱彼此连接，顶部采用由中心立柱辐射出去的星型甲板连接其余三个立柱。这种结构的中间立柱对平台稳定性的贡献非常小，意味着平台的稳定性没有冗余，只要围绕中间立柱的其余三个立柱中有一个发生破损进水时，就会导致平台失去稳定性，从而发生倾覆。另外，采用大面积的三角形开孔板，会使得开孔板与立柱连接处承受非常大的力矩，从而带来结构的强度和疲劳问题。公开为CN102758446B和CN104401458B的专利中描述了两种类似的结构，围绕中心立柱的另外三个立柱采用方形立柱，底部增加Y型浮箱，而顶部采用类似桁架结构的管子将四个立柱相互连接，该结构形式和前述结构没有本质区别，而且桁架结构会带来额外的连接点结构疲劳问题。
另外一种典型的浮式结构采用三个立柱连接下部和上部结构，公开号为AU2015339391B2、WO2012069498A1、CN208416810U、CN112009635A、CN112357000A的专利中描述了多种三立柱的海上浮动平台，三根立柱为圆形或方形，垂直或者倾斜布置，三立柱之间采用桁架或箱形结构连接成一个三角形，顶部采用三角形或星形结构形式，风机安装于其中一个立柱之上或者三个立柱的中心位置。风机安装于其中一根立柱之上，会使风机遭受比平台中心位置更大的运动和载荷，此外还会额外增加平台的不平衡力矩，对平台结构产生不利影响。公开号为EP3342699B1的专利中描述了一种四个立柱的方形半潜式浮动结构，上部为十字交叉结构，底部包括环状浮箱。此结构相比前述三立柱结构而言，结构的用钢量可能会更多。
现有技术的缺点如下：
(1)现有部分浮式平台风机安装于立柱之上，偏离平台中心位置，风机通常会遭受比平台中心位置更大的运动和载荷，此外还会额外增加平台的不平衡力矩，对平台结构产生不利影响；
(2)现有结构形式，部分采用桁架结构，节点处存在结构疲劳问题，可能需要增加额外的用钢量；
(3)现有部分浮式平台顶部采用星形辐射状结构形式，中间连接处结构形式和受力复杂，结构应力水平较高，用钢量也会有一定增加。
发明内容
本申请要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷，提供一种三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台。
本申请是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
本申请实施例提供一种三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其包括上部箱式构件和下部箱式构件；上部箱式构件包括两个斜向构件和一个横向构件，两个斜向构件的一端相连接，横向构件的两端分别连接于两个斜向构件；斜向构件和横向构件围成A字型结构；上部箱式构件的结构中心位于横向构件上；下部箱式构件为中部镂空的环式结构；上部箱式构件和下部箱式构件之间设有三个立柱；其中一个立柱的顶部位于两个斜向构件的一端的连接处，另外两个立柱的顶部分别位于两个斜向构件的另一端。
在一些实施例中，下部箱式构件为三角形；三个立柱的底部分别位于三个锐角所在区域；下部箱式构件的三个端部为锐角形或者弧形。
在一些实施例中，下部箱式构件的中间镂空部为三角形或为多边形。
在一些实施例中，三个立柱均匀分布于位于上部箱式构件的结构中心的周围。
在一些实施例中，下部箱式构件的中间镂空部的外壁上固设有垂荡板；垂荡板上设有结构加强件；垂荡板上开设有多个扰流孔。
在一些实施例中，立柱的横截面为圆形或为多边形；立柱为垂向分布或为斜向分布。
在一些实施例中，立柱内设有压载水舱；所述三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括通过水泵和管路来控制压载水舱内压载水量的压载系统。
在一些实施例中，下部箱式构件内设有固定压载舱或压载水舱，固定压载舱内设有固体压载物。
在一些实施例中，上部箱式构件为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件；下部箱式构件为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件；立柱为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件。
在一些实施例中，所述三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括用于与海底进行锚固连接的系泊装置。
本申请的有益效果在于：本申请的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台中，三立柱围绕着需安装的装置均匀布置在四周，使得浮式平台受力均匀；装置安装在浮式平台的中心位置，可最小化装置的运动幅度；与上部采用星形辐射状结构相比，本平台结构连接处的形式更简洁，结构应力更小，可降低结构的用钢量；本平台上端采用A字型箱形结构，即可以将需安装的装置布置在平台中心，又较其他结构形式简洁，结构受力小，用钢量少，且便于规模化批量建造。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请较佳实施例的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台的立体图。
图2为本申请较佳实施例的上部箱式构件的示意图。
图3为图2中A-A剖视图。
图4为本申请较佳实施例的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台的使用状态示意图。
图5为本申请较佳实施例设置第一种垂荡板时的立体图。
图6为本申请较佳实施例设置第一种垂荡板时的使用状态图。
图7为本申请较佳实施例设置第二种垂荡板时的立体图。
图8为本申请较佳实施例设置第二种垂荡板时的使用状态图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本申请实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，但并不作为对本申请的限定。
如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5、图6、图7和图8所示，本申请实施例提供一种三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其包括上部箱式构件10和下部箱式构件20。
上部箱式构件10包括两个斜向构件11和一个横向构件12，两个斜向构件11的一端相连接，横向构件12的两端分别连接于两个斜向构件11；斜向构件11和横向构件12围成A字型结构。
上部箱式构件10的结构中心位于横向构件12上。上部箱式构件10的结构中心形成三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台的结构中心。
上部箱式构件10和下部箱式构件20之间设有三个立柱30；其中一个立柱30的顶部位于两个斜向构件11的一端的连接处，另外两个立柱30的顶部分别位于两个斜向构件11的另一端。三个立柱30均匀分布于位于上部箱式构件10的结构中心的周围。
下部箱式构件20为中部镂空的环式结构。本实施例中，下部箱式构件20为三角形；且为等边三角形。三个立柱30的底部分别位于三个锐角所在区域。
下部箱式构件20的中间镂空部为三角形或为多边形。本实施例中，下部箱式构件20的 中间镂空部为三角形。
下部箱式构件20的三个端部为锐角形或者弧形。本实施例中，下部箱式构件20的三个端部为弧形。
立柱30的横截面为圆形或为多边形；立柱30为垂向分布或为斜向分布。本实施例中，立柱30的横截面为圆形，立柱30为垂向分布。
在一些实施例中，下部箱式构件20设有压载舱21，该压载舱21可以是压载水舱，也可以是固定压载舱。固定压载舱内设有固体压载物。
在一些实施例中，立柱30内设有压载水舱31。
在一些实施例中，三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括通过水泵和管路来控制压载水舱31内压载水量的压载系统(图上未示出)。
在一些实施例中，上部箱式构件10为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件；下部箱式构件20为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件；立柱30为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件。上部箱式构件10、下部箱式构件20和立柱30内部由正交的扶强材或者主梁结构进行加强。
由此，上部箱式构件10、下部箱式构件20和立柱30可以有多种组合。
组合一：上部箱式构件10、下部箱式构件20和立柱30均为钢结构件。
组合二：上部箱式构件10、下部箱式构件20和立柱30均为钢筋混凝土结构件。
组合三：上部箱式构件10和下部箱式构件20为钢结构件，立柱30为钢筋混凝土结构件。
组合四：上部箱式构件10和下部箱式构件20为钢筋混凝土结构件，立柱30为钢结构件。
在一些实施例中，三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括用于与海底进行锚固连接的系泊装置(图上未示出)。
在一些实施例中，三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台上可以安装各种需要浮式安装的装置。如图4所示，位于上部箱式构件10的结构中心上设有风力发电机50。
在另外的实施例中，三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括垂荡板。如图5和图7所示，下部箱式构件20的中间镂空部的外壁上固设有垂荡板40；垂荡板40上设有结构加强件41；垂荡板40上开设有多个扰流孔42。图5和图7分别示出两种不同的垂荡板结构。
下部箱式构件20中设置垂荡板40，可以增加平台垂向运动的附加质量和阻尼系数，提高垂向运动性能。
本申请的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，立柱30上端采用A字型箱形结构，下端采用环形结构，中间采用三根立柱30连接上下端结构。
本申请的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，下部箱式构件20内设有固定压载舱或压载水舱，每根立柱30内布置一个或多个压载水舱，压载系统通过相应的水泵、管路以及控制系统自动 调节每个压载水舱的水量，以平衡外力导致的平台倾斜。上部箱式构件10内可以布置若干功能舱室。
本申请中立柱30的形式不限于圆形，可以是方形或者其他形式。根据结构、稳定性以及运动要求，立柱30沿高度方向的尺寸可以设计成不一致，并且立柱30的轴线也不限于垂直形式，可以设计成倾斜。
本申请的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，用于支撑安装的装置不限于风力发电机，可以是其他任何需要浮式安装的装置，如其他能量转换装置、升压站和渔业网箱等，安装的数量可以是一个或者多个。安装的位置为上部箱式构件10的结构中心处。
与常规节能装置相比，本申请具有如下优点：
(1)三立柱围绕着需安装的装置均匀布置在装置的四周，使得浮式平台受力均匀；
(2)需要浮式安装的装置安装在浮式平台的中心位置，可使装置的运动幅度最小化；
(3)与上部采用星形辐射状结构相比，本平台结构连接处的形式更简洁，结构应力更小，可降低结构的用钢量；
(4)本平台上端采用A字箱形结构，即可以将需安装的装置布置在平台中心，又较其他结构形式简洁，结构受力小，用钢量少，且便于规模化批量建造。
本申请的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，结构形式简洁，便于规模化批量建造；支撑安装的装置位于平台的中心位置，运动小；该浮动平台上部结构较常规环形和中心辐射形结构具有更少的结构用钢量或更小的结构受力。
虽然以上描述了本申请的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本申请的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本申请的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其包括上部箱式构件和下部箱式构件；其中，上部箱式构件包括两个斜向构件和一个横向构件，两个斜向构件的一端相连接，横向构件的两端分别连接于两个斜向构件；斜向构件和横向构件围成A字型结构；上部箱式构件的结构中心位于横向构件上；下部箱式构件为中部镂空的环式结构；上部箱式构件和下部箱式构件之间设有三个立柱；其中一个立柱的顶部位于两个斜向构件的一端的连接处，另外两个立柱的顶部分别位于两个斜向构件的另一端。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，下部箱式构件为三角形；三个立柱的底部分别位于三个锐角所在区域；下部箱式构件的三个端部为锐角形或者弧形。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，下部箱式构件的中间镂空部为三角形或为多边形。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，三个立柱均匀分布于位于上部箱式构件的结构中心的周围。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，下部箱式构件的中间镂空部的外壁上固设有垂荡板；垂荡板上设有结构加强件；垂荡板上开设有多个扰流孔。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，立柱的横截面为圆形或为多边形；立柱为垂向分布或为斜向分布。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，立柱内设有压载水舱；所述三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括通过水泵和管路来控制压载水舱内压载水量的压载系统。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，下部箱式构件内设有固定压载舱或压载水舱，固定压载舱内设有固体压载物。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，上部箱式构件为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件；下部箱式构件为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件；立柱为钢结构件或为钢筋混凝土结构件。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台，其中，所述三立柱半潜式海上浮动平台还包括用于与海底进行锚固连接的系泊装置。
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