WO2023092791A1 - 一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法 - Google Patents

一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023092791A1
WO2023092791A1 PCT/CN2021/141066 CN2021141066W WO2023092791A1 WO 2023092791 A1 WO2023092791 A1 WO 2023092791A1 CN 2021141066 W CN2021141066 W CN 2021141066W WO 2023092791 A1 WO2023092791 A1 WO 2023092791A1
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raw materials
composting
waste
fallen leaves
aeration
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French (fr)
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王旭
马王睿
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海南大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production and the technical field of crop pest control, in particular to a method for composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf mahogany to prevent and control pests.
  • Swietenia macrophylla is a perennial deciduous tree of the genus Swietenia in the subfamily Mahogany of the Meliaceae family. It is native to Central and South America and widely distributed in western India, Malaysia and southern China. .
  • the invention provides a method for composting the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany to prevent and control insect pests.
  • a method for composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf mahogany to prevent and control insect pests comprising the following steps:
  • the fertilizer obtained in the present invention can be used for the purpose of providing nutrients to plants, and/or for the purpose of controlling pests. It can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing.
  • the amount of fertilizer is not particularly limited, and it can be added as appropriate according to the degree of pest damage, the degree of soil fertility, and the nutrient requirements of plants.
  • the pretreatment includes crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, water content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment;
  • the crushing and mixing refers to crushing each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mixing;
  • the pH adjustment refers to adjusting the pH of the compost raw material to 7.5 with 1%-3wt% sodium hydroxide solution ⁇ 8.5;
  • the moisture content adjustment refers to adding or removing water, so that the moisture content of the compost raw material is 55 ⁇ 65wt%;
  • the mass ratio of fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany to biochar is 6-7:1.
  • the intermittent aeration method is aeration for 5-6 minutes, stop aeration for 15-20 minutes, and the aeration volume is set to 4-5 L ⁇ min -1 in the low temperature period and 6-10 L ⁇ min -1 in the high temperature period.
  • the low temperature period means that the stack body temperature is lower than 50°C
  • the high temperature period means that the stack body temperature is ⁇ 50°C.
  • the primary fermentation time is 12-15 days.
  • the secondary fermentation time is 10-15 days.
  • the biochar is made by pyrolysis of domestic garbage or plant roots.
  • the pests include termites.
  • the fallen leaves and waste branches of the big-leaf mahogany described in the present invention include branches and leaves that fall naturally, or branches and leaves that break off under the action of external force. Also known as bigleaf mahogany litter.
  • the invention mixes and composts the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar and kitchen waste.
  • the nitrogen content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, and water content of kitchen waste are complementary to the characteristics of large-leaf mahogany waste. Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost matrix to 25-35, and the best state of water content is 60%.
  • Adding biochar optimizes the composting process, improves product quality, and promotes the harmlessness of composting products.
  • the two-stage composting technology is used to aerate twice intermittently to effectively improve the composting efficiency.
  • the fertilizer obtained by the invention has a good control effect on insect pests such as termites.
  • Embodiment 1 take the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany as the method of raw material production fertilizer
  • Pretreatment of compost raw materials including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.
  • Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix;
  • the pH adjustment is to adjust the pH of the compost raw material to 8.0 with 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution;
  • the moisture content adjustment is to make the compost raw material moisture content by adding water. 60wt%;
  • the adjustment of carbon-nitrogen ratio is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 6:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25;
  • High temperature can kill pathogenic bacteria, and organic matter degrades fastest in an appropriate temperature range. Therefore, the temperature of the compost determines the speed of composting.
  • Example 1 the method of Example 1 was adopted, and five treatment groups with carbon-nitrogen ratios of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 were designed, and the center temperature and carbon conversion rate of the pushing body were detected and recorded every day.
  • Example 1 the method of Example 1 was adopted, and whether biochar was added or not was used as the experimental variable to conduct a control experiment.
  • the results showed that the temperature of the experimental group was maintained above 50°C for 12 days, and the temperature above 60°C was maintained for 5 days, which met the harmless hygiene requirements. ;
  • the temperature above 50°C was maintained for 8 days, and the temperature above 60°C was maintained for 3 days. It can be seen that the addition of biochar promotes the harmlessness of compost products.
  • Embodiment 2 take the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany as the method for raw material production fertilizer
  • Pretreatment of compost raw materials including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.
  • Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7 mm, and then mix;
  • pH adjustment is to use 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the compost raw material to 7.5;
  • moisture content adjustment is to add water to make the compost raw material hydrated
  • the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of the big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 7:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the compost raw materials reach a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;
  • Embodiment 3 the method for raw material production fertilizer with the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany
  • Pretreatment of compost raw materials including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.
  • Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix;
  • pH adjustment is to use 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of compost raw materials to 8.5;
  • moisture content adjustment is to add water to make compost raw materials The moisture content is 55wt%;
  • the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 6:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the compost raw materials can reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25;
  • Comparative example 1 method of producing fertilizer
  • Pretreatment of compost raw materials including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.
  • Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix;
  • pH adjustment is to use 1%-3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of compost raw materials to 7.5-8.5;
  • moisture content adjustment is to add Moisture makes the compost raw material have a moisture content of 55-65wt%;
  • the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix biochar with kitchen waste to make the compost raw material reach a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;
  • Comparative example 2 the method for producing fertilizer with the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany as raw material
  • Pretreatment of compost raw materials including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.
  • Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix;
  • pH adjustment is to use 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of compost raw materials to 8.0;
  • moisture content adjustment is to add water to make compost raw materials The moisture content is 60wt%;
  • the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by mixing the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 6:1, and then adding kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio so that the compost raw materials reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25;
  • the termites in the control group and treatment group 2 (using the fertilizer of Comparative Example 1) had active behavior, normal development, round abdomen, no obvious antifeedant behavior, and no significant difference in food intake from the blank group.
  • the termites in treatment group 1 (using the fertilizer of Example 1) and treatment group 3 (using the fertilizer of Comparative Example 2) were sluggish in behavior, thin in size, flat in abdomen, significantly lighter in body weight, and were in a dead or dying state.
  • the food refusal rate of treatment group 1 reached 88%, which was higher than 72% of treatment group 3 (p ⁇ 0.01), and treatment group 1 died 2 days earlier than treatment group 3.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理使原料碳氮比为25～35；(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐进行堆肥发酵，采用间歇式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为3～5d/次；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为6～7d/次；得肥料；(4)将肥料施于土壤中。本方法通过对大叶桃花心木废弃枝叶进行两段式堆肥处理为有机肥，既可以废物利用，又可以杀灭土壤害虫。

Description

一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及有机肥生产技术领域及农作物虫害防治技术领域，具体涉及一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法。
背景技术
现有的杀虫剂应用正面临着抗性上升、对人畜不安全及污染环境等问题。同时大叶桃花心木在我国南部广泛种植且具有木材的可利用价值，每年修剪下大量的枝叶废物，这些枝叶废物的处理成为一大难题。大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla)是楝科(Meliaceae)桃花心木亚科桃花心木属(Swietenia)多年生落叶乔木，原产于中美洲和南美洲，广泛分布于印度西部、马来西亚和中国南部。由于大叶桃花心木具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗诱变、抗癌、抗肿瘤和抗糖尿病的药用活性，其果实和种子在很多亚洲国家被用于民间治疗各种疾病。
大叶桃花心木在农用活性方面的研究较少，未见关于其落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的相关报导。相关研究主要涉及其提取物对香蕉皮氏叶螨、莴苣指管蚜等害虫的驱避或触杀活性，例如刘奎等指出大叶桃花心木提取物对香蕉皮氏叶螨有驱避作用。张筑宏等研究了大叶桃花心木花粉精油对4种田间害虫的杀虫活性，结果表明大叶桃花心木花粉精油对莴苣指管蚜(Uroleucon formosanum)具有很好的触杀活性，对玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)有较好的驱避活性，但对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)的触杀活性和3龄斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)的拒食活性均较低。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法。
本发明技术方案主要包括以下内容：
一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理使原料碳氮比为25～35；
(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐进行堆肥发酵，采用间歇式曝气方式 完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为3～5d/次；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为6～7d/次；得肥料；
(4)将肥料施于土壤中。
本发明所得肥料可基于为植物提供养分的目的而使用，和/或基于虫害防治的目的而使用。可作为基肥或追肥使用。对于肥料的用量不特别限制，可根据虫害程度、土壤肥沃程度以及植物对养分的需求情况酌情添加。
优选的，所述预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节；
优选的，所述破碎混匀是指将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；所述酸碱度调节是指用1％～3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至7.5～8.5；所述含水率调节是指通过添加或去除水分，使堆肥原料含水率为55～65wt％；所述碳氮比调节是指将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭按比例混合后，再添加厨余垃圾，使堆肥原料达到碳氮比为25～35。
优选的，所述堆肥原料中，大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭的质量比为6～7:1。
优选的，所述间歇式曝气方式为曝气5～6min，停曝15～20min，曝气量设置为低温期4～5L·min -1、高温期6～10L·min -1。
优选的，所述低温期是指堆体温度低于50℃，所述高温期是指堆体温度≥50℃。
优选的，一次发酵时间为12～15d。
优选的，二次发酵时间为10～15d。
优选的，所述生物炭由生活垃圾或植物根茎高温分解制成。
优选的，所述虫包括白蚁。
本发明中所述大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝包括自然掉落的枝叶，或外力作用下折断的枝叶。也可称之为大叶桃花心木废弃物。
本发明所取得的效果：
本发明将大叶桃花心木落叶废枝与生物炭、厨余垃圾进行混合堆肥。厨余垃圾的氮元素含量、碳氮比、含水率等与大叶桃花心木废弃物的特征互补，调整堆肥基质碳氮比在25～35，含水率为60％的最佳状态。添加生物炭优化堆肥过程、提高产品质量、促进堆肥产品无害化程度。采用两段式堆肥技术分两次间歇曝气，有效提高堆肥效率。
本发明所得肥料对白蚁等虫害具有很好的防治效果。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1：以大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝为原料生产肥料的方法
(1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理，预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节。破碎混匀是将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；酸碱度调节是3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至8.0；含水率调节是通过加水使堆肥原料含水率为60wt％；碳氮比调节是将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭按质量比6:1混合后，再添加厨余垃圾调节碳氮比为25；
(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐(高0.8m，直径0.5m)进行堆肥发酵，装填量为发酵罐体积的约75％。采用间歇式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为5d/次，一次发酵时间为15d；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为7d/次，二次发酵时间为15d；得肥料；间歇式曝气方式为曝气5～6min，停曝20min，曝气量设置为低温期5L·min -1、高温期8L·min -1。
实验1：
高温可杀死病原菌，且在适当的温度范围内有机质降解最快，因此，堆体温度的高低决定堆肥速度的快慢。
本实验采用实施例1的方法，设计碳氮比分别为15、20、25、30、35的5个处理组，每天检测并记录推体中心温度及碳转化率。
结果显示C/N15、C/N 20、C/N 25、C/N 30、C/N 35分别在17d、10d、10d、10d、11d温度升到40℃以上，C/N15处理的堆肥升温效果要显著低于其它 4个处理，说明提高碳氮比有助于堆肥升温。5个处理的堆肥温度差异很大，较低的碳氮比(C/N15、C/N 20、C/N 25)会影响大叶桃花心木落叶废枝堆肥的高温维持天数并推迟高温出现时间，较高的碳氮比(C/N 30、C/N 35)则可以更早达到堆肥高温，且高温维持天数较长。本试验中，C/N 25和C/N 30两个处理的碳转化率更高，分别为22.54％，20.55％，说明其处理的堆肥腐熟更快，效率更高。
实验2：
本实验采用实施例1的方法，以是否添加生物炭作为实验变量进行对照实验，结果显示实验组50℃以上的温度维持了12d，60℃以上的温度维持了5d，达到了无害化卫生要求；对照组50℃以上的温度维持了8d，60℃以上的温度维持了3d。可见，生物炭的添加促进了堆肥产品的无害化程度。
实施例2：以大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝为原料生产肥料的方法
(1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理，预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节。破碎混匀是将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；酸碱度调节是用3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至7.5；含水率调节是通过添加水分使堆肥原料含水率为65wt％；碳氮比调节是将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭按质量比7:1混合后，再添加厨余垃圾调节碳氮比，使堆肥原料达到碳氮比为25；
(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐(高0.8m，直径0.5m)进行堆肥发酵，装填量为发酵罐体积的约75％，采用间歇式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为3d/次，一次发酵时间为12d；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为6d/次，二次发酵时间为15d；得肥料；间歇式曝气方式为曝气5～6min，停曝20min，曝气量设置为低温期5L·min -1、高温期10L·min -1。
实施例3：以大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝为原料生产肥料的方法
(1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理，预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节。破碎混匀是将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；酸 碱度调节是用3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至8.5；含水率调节是通过添加水分，使堆肥原料含水率为55wt％；碳氮比调节是将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭按质量比6:1混合后，再添加厨余垃圾调节碳氮比，使堆肥原料达到碳氮比为25；
(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐(高0.8m，直径0.5m)进行堆肥发酵，装填量为发酵罐体积的约75％，采用间歇式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为5d/次，一次发酵时间为12d；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为7d/次，二次发酵时间为10d；得肥料；间歇式曝气方式为曝气5～6min，停曝15min，曝气量设置为低温期4L·min -1、高温期6L·min -1。
对比例1：生产肥料的方法
本例堆肥原料中未添加大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝。
(1)将生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理，预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节。破碎混匀是将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；酸碱度调节是用1％～3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至7.5～8.5；含水率调节是通过添加水分使堆肥原料含水率为55～65wt％；碳氮比调节是将生物炭与厨余垃圾混合，使堆肥原料达到碳氮比为25；
(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐(高0.8m，直径0.5m)进行堆肥发酵，装填量为发酵罐体积的约75％。采用间歇式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为5d/次，一次发酵时间为15d；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为7d/次，二次发酵时间为15d；得肥料；间歇式曝气方式为曝气5～6min，停曝20min，曝气量设置为低温期5L·min -1、高温期8L·min -1。
对比例2：以大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝为原料生产肥料的方法
本例采用连续式曝气方式。
(1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
(2)对堆肥原料进行预处理，预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节。破碎混匀是将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；酸 碱度调节是用3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至8.0；含水率调节是通过添加水分，使堆肥原料含水率为60wt％；碳氮比调节是将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭按质量比6:1混合后，再添加厨余垃圾调节碳氮比，使堆肥原料达到碳氮比为25；
(3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐(高0.8m，直径0.5m)进行堆肥发酵，装填量为发酵罐体积的约75％，采用连续式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为5d/次，一次发酵时间为15d；再继续采用连续式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为7d/次，二次发酵时间为15d；得肥料；曝气方式为连续曝气，曝气量设置为低温期5L·min -1、高温期8L·min -1。
实验3：肥料对白蚁的防治效果试验
将肥料与土壤(10:1)混合、灭菌后平铺于培养皿内，厚度为0.5～0.6cm，将足量白蚁饵料均匀置于土壤上。每处理引入100头白蚁，并将培养皿置于25±2℃、RH 80±5％的黑暗条件下进行实验，每天适量加水，保持土壤湿润，并观察白蚁取食行为。以使用实施例1、对比例1和对比例2肥料为处理组1～3，以未添加肥料为空白对照组。在第10d称量剩余饵料量，计算取食量和拒食率。拒食率＝(空白对照组取食量-处理组取食量)/空白对照组取食量×100％。
结果显示：实施例肥料明显影响白蚁的生长发育，白蚁出现拒食行为。对照组和处理组2(使用对比例1肥料)白蚁行为活跃，发育正常，腹部圆鼓，无明显拒食行为，取食量与空白组差异不显著。处理组1(使用实施例1肥料)、处理组3(使用对比例2肥料)白蚁行为迟缓，发育瘦小，腹部扁平，体重明显减轻，处于死亡或濒死状态。处理组1拒食率达到88％，高于处理组3的72％(p＜0.01)，处理组1比处理组3提前2d出现死亡。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，但并不构成对本发明的限定，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝堆肥化防治虫害的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝、生物炭、厨余垃圾混合作为堆肥原料；
    (2)对堆肥原料进行预处理使原料碳氮比为25～35；
    (3)将预处理后的原料进料至发酵罐进行堆肥发酵，采用间歇式曝气方式完成一次发酵，翻堆频率为3～5d/次；再继续采用间歇式曝气方式进行二次发酵，翻堆频率为6～7d/次；得肥料；
    (4)将肥料施于土壤中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预处理包括破碎混匀、酸碱度调节、含水率调节和碳氮比调节。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述破碎混匀为将各成分粉碎至粒径为5～7mm，然后混匀；所述酸碱度调节为用1wt％～3wt％的氢氧化钠溶液将堆肥原料pH调整至7.5～8.5；所述含水率调节为通过添加或去除水分，使堆肥原料含水率为55～65wt％；所述碳氮比调节为将大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭按比例混合后，再添加厨余垃圾，使堆肥原料达到碳氮比为25～35。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述堆肥原料中，大叶桃花心木的落叶废枝与生物炭的质量比为6～7:1。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述间歇式曝气方式为曝气5～6min，停曝15～20min，曝气量设置为低温期4～5L·min -1、高温期6～10L·min -1。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述低温期为堆体温度低于50℃，所述高温期为堆体温度≥50℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，一次发酵时间为12～15d。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，二次发酵时间为10～15d。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生物炭由生活垃圾或植物根茎高温分解制成。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虫包括白蚁。
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