WO2023087916A1 - 一种浮式消波装置及消波堤 - Google Patents

一种浮式消波装置及消波堤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087916A1
WO2023087916A1 PCT/CN2022/120944 CN2022120944W WO2023087916A1 WO 2023087916 A1 WO2023087916 A1 WO 2023087916A1 CN 2022120944 W CN2022120944 W CN 2022120944W WO 2023087916 A1 WO2023087916 A1 WO 2023087916A1
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Prior art keywords
wave
fixed
floating body
warehouse
floating
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PCT/CN2022/120944
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李志富
陈巍天
嵇春艳
石玉云
闫允鹤
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江苏科技大学
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Application filed by 江苏科技大学 filed Critical 江苏科技大学
Priority to JP2022568371A priority Critical patent/JP7391431B1/ja
Publication of WO2023087916A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087916A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave breaking device, in particular to a floating wave breaking device and a wave breaking dike.
  • Breakwaters are common hydraulic structures used for port construction, island development and marine engineering equipment protection. Ports built on bays, coasts or islands usually use breakwaters to form sheltered waters, and some breakwaters can also play a role in preventing the siltation of harbor basins and the erosion of shorelines by waves.
  • traditional breakwaters are usually built on the bottom, and the construction cost will increase sharply with the increase of the depth of the water area of the project.
  • large-scale specialized construction machinery is generally required during the construction process, making the construction more complicated. At the same time, once damaged, it is extremely difficult to repair.
  • the floating breakwater After a long period of development, the floating breakwater has basically matured in the wave dissipation of medium and high frequency waves, and has a good wave dissipation effect.
  • long-period waves have longer wavelengths and larger vertical spans of energy distribution.
  • the former causes the reflection coefficient of the floating body to the wave to be basically zero, and the latter makes it difficult to implement vertical dissipation wave dissipation.
  • the combination of the two leads to the fact that the current long-wave wave dissipation problem has not been effectively solved.
  • the present invention provides a double L-type floating wave dissipation device and a breakwater embankment suitable for both short-wave and long-wave wave dissipation.
  • the present invention also provides a wave breaking dike using the above wave breaking device.
  • the present invention adopts a floating wave breaking device, including a first wave breaking unit and a second wave breaking unit, and the first wave breaking unit includes a first floating body device arranged horizontally, a vertical The first energy dissipation device arranged and fixed on the left end of the first floating body device, the first push plate arranged on the first floating body device and parallel to the first energy dissipation device, the first push plate driving device, and the first mooring device;
  • the second wave absorbing unit includes a second floating body device arranged horizontally, a second energy dissipation device arranged vertically and fixed on the right end of the second floating body device, arranged on the second floating body device and parallel to the second energy dissipation device
  • the second push plate, the second push plate driving device, and the second mooring device the right side of the first floating body device is facing the left side of the second floating body device, and the first pushing plate driving device is used to drive the first push plate
  • the plate moves left and right on the first floating body
  • the first floating body device includes a first fixed compartment, a first movable compartment and a driving device for the first movable compartment, the first energy dissipation device is fixedly arranged at the left end of the first fixed compartment, and the first movable compartment is set At the right end of the first fixed warehouse, and the first movable warehouse is partially nested in the first fixed warehouse, the driving device of the first movable warehouse drives the first movable warehouse to move left and right relative to the first fixed warehouse, and changes the first movable warehouse to protrude from the first The length of the fixed bin; the second floating body device includes a second fixed bin, a second movable bin and a driving device for the second movable bin, the second energy dissipation device is fixedly arranged at the right end of the second fixed bin, and the second movable The warehouse is set at the left end of the second fixed warehouse, and the second movable warehouse is partially nested in the second fixed warehouse.
  • the driving device of the second movable warehouse drives the second
  • the first buoyancy device also includes a first buoyancy chamber, the first buoyancy chamber is arranged in the first fixed chamber for adjusting the buoyancy of the first wave breaking unit;
  • the second buoyancy device also includes a second buoyancy chamber , the second buoyancy chamber is arranged in the second fixed chamber for adjusting the buoyancy of the second wave breaking unit.
  • the driving device of the first movable bin includes a rack fixedly arranged on the side of the first movable bin, a gear meshed with the rack, a worm-gear transmission mechanism for driving the gear to rotate, and a first driving mechanism for driving the worm-gear transmission mechanism to work.
  • Motor; the gear, the worm gear and the first driving motor are fixedly arranged inside the first fixed compartment, and the rack extends from the left end to the right end of the first movable compartment.
  • the first push plate driving device includes a moving nut, a screw and a second driving motor
  • the upper end of the first fixed bin is provided with a chute
  • the chute extends from the left end to the right end of the first fixed bin
  • the screw rod is set In the chute
  • the moving nut is arranged on the screw rod and fixedly connected with the bottom of the first push plate
  • the second drive motor drives the screw rod to rotate
  • the rotation of the screw rod drives the moving nut to move left and right on the screw rod, thus driving the first push plate
  • the plate moves left and right relative to the first fixed bin.
  • the output shaft of the second driving motor is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear
  • one end of the screw rod is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear
  • the driven bevel gear meshes with the driving bevel gear
  • the second driving motor passes through the driving bevel The gear and the driven bevel gear drive the screw to rotate.
  • the first mooring device includes an anchor chain wheel, an anchor chain wound on the anchor chain wheel, and a third drive motor that drives the anchor chain wheel to rotate, one end of the anchor chain is wound on the anchor chain wheel, and the other end of the anchor chain is One end is fixed on the bottom of the sea, and the third driving motor is fixedly arranged on the first floating body device, and the third driving motor drives the anchor chain wheel to rotate so as to realize the contraction and relaxation of the anchor chain.
  • the first energy dissipating device includes a box chamber, a second air-permeable plate and several perforated partitions arranged in the box room, the right side of the box room is fixedly connected to the left end of the first floating body device, and the left side of the box room
  • the first air-permeable plate is fixedly connected, and the bottom of the chamber is perforated.
  • the planes of the first air-permeable plate and the second air-permeable plate are parallel to the left side of the chamber, and the plane of the perforated partition is perpendicular to the chamber.
  • the perforated partition is provided with holes for the second permeable plate to pass through, and several perforated partitions are arranged in parallel to divide the chamber into several chambers.
  • the first permeable plate, the second permeable plate Both the plate and the perforated partition are provided with a number of permeable holes, and the permeable holes of the first permeable plate are larger than those of the second permeable plate.
  • the top of the box chamber is fixed with a fixed rail extending left and right
  • the top of the first push plate is provided with a sliding rail extending from the left side of the first push plate to the left, and the sliding rail slides on the fixed rail.
  • the present invention also adopts a breakwater embankment, which includes several above-mentioned wave breakers, first connecting lugs are fixedly arranged at both ends of the first floating body device, and first connecting lugs are fixedly arranged at the front and rear ends of the second floating body device.
  • Two connecting lugs the first connecting lug of one wave absorbing device is connected to the first connecting lug of another wave absorbing device through the anchor chain, and the second connecting lug of the wave absorbing device is connected to the other wave absorbing device through the anchor chain The second connection lug.
  • the present invention has the remarkable advantage that by adjusting the distance between the first push plate and the second push plate and the depth of the first floating body device and the second floating body device, the external wave and the internal water wave of the device can be induced Resonant motion occurs to consume external long-period wave energy, and the first energy dissipation device and the second energy dissipation device are installed to eliminate short-period wave energy, so that it can be applied to both short-wave and long-wave wave dissipation, effectively ensuring the safe operation of offshore equipment.
  • the device is convenient to change, move and assemble, and can be used repeatedly.
  • Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the working principle of the wave elimination device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wave elimination device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the first wave-suppressing unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows the structural diagram of the driving device of the first movable bin in the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the driving device of the first movable chamber in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows the front sectional view of the first push pedal and the first push pedal driving device in the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a side sectional view of the first push pedal and the first push pedal driving device in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first energy dissipation chamber in the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows the structural representation of the perforated partition in the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the first mooring device in the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram showing the connection of two first wave clipping units in the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows the top view of breakwater dike in the present invention
  • Fig. 13 shows the structural representation of breakwater embankment in the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a comparison diagram of wave height inside the wave elimination device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a comparison diagram of the wave elimination effect of the wave elimination device of the present invention.
  • the non-zero solution of the free movement of the fluid in the device can be derived, namely
  • n is any integer, and not zero at the same time
  • k is the wave number of the water wave movement inside the device, and is the positive real root of the following dispersion equation
  • ⁇ 2 gktanh(kh), (6) ⁇ is the circular frequency of water wave movement inside the device; k and m satisfy the following relationship
  • a kind of floating type wave clipping device in this embodiment includes a first wave clipping unit and a second wave clipping unit, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3,
  • the first wave clipping unit includes The first floating body device 100, the first energy dissipation device 200, the first push plate 300, the first push plate driving device 310, and the first mooring device 400;
  • the second wave dissipation unit includes the second floating body device 101, the second energy dissipation device 201, the second push plate 301, the second push plate driving device 311, the second mooring device 401;
  • the first floating body device 100 and the second floating body device 101 are arranged horizontally, the plane where the first floating body device 100 is located and the second floating body device 101 are located The planes are all parallel to the horizontal plane, and the first floating body device 100 and the second floating body device 101 are arranged on the same horizontal plane, the upper surfaces of the first floating body device 100 and the second floating body device 101 are located below the water surface, and the
  • the bottom end of the first energy dissipation device 200 is fixed on the left end of the first floating body device 100, the first energy dissipation device 200 and the first floating body device 100 form an L-shaped arrangement, and the bottom end of the second energy dissipation device 201 is fixed on the second floating body At the right end of the device 101, the first energy dissipation device 200 and the first floating body device 100 form an L-shaped mirror image arrangement.
  • the first energy dissipation device 200 and the first floating body device 100 and the second energy dissipation device 201 It forms a double L shape with the second floating body device 101 .
  • the first energy dissipating device 200 on the front face acts as a protection device for dissipating short wave energy
  • the second energy dissipating device 201 on the back wave can further dissipate the energy of the transmitted wave.
  • Both the first energy dissipating device 200 and the second energy dissipating device 201 are vertically arranged, and the planes where the first energy dissipating device 200 and the second energy dissipating device 201 are located are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the first energy dissipating device 200 and the second energy dissipating device The planes where the energy dissipation devices 201 are located are all parallel to the left side of the first floating device 100 .
  • the first floating body device 100 is provided with a first push plate 300, the plane of the first push plate 300 is parallel to the plane of the first energy dissipation device 200, and the first push plate 300 is close to the first energy dissipation device 200, the first push plate drives The device 310 drives the first push plate 300 to move left and right on the first floating body device 100; the second floating body device 101 is provided with a second push plate 301, and the plane of the second push plate 301 is parallel to the plane of the second energy dissipation device 201, and The second push plate 301 is close to the second energy dissipating device 201, and the second push plate driving device 311 drives the second push plate 301 to move left and right on the second floating body device 101, forming a gap between the first push plate 300 and the second push plate 301 There is water in the cavity; the first push pedal 300 and the second push pedal 301 are respectively driven by the first push pedal driving device 310 and the second push pedal driving device 311, and the first push pedal 300 and the second push pedal
  • the first floating device 100 is provided with a first anchoring device 400, and the first anchoring device 400 adjusts the depth of the first floating device 100 in the water, and the second floating device 101 is provided with a second anchoring device 401, and the second anchoring device 401 adjusts the second The depth of the buoyant device 101 in the water further adjusts the resonant natural frequency of the water wave in the cavity.
  • first wave clipping unit and the second wave clipping unit are symmetrically distributed left and right, and the structural connection relationship between the two structural units is the same except that the direction is opposite.
  • the structural connection relationship of the first wave clipping unit will be described below as an example. .
  • the first floating device 100 includes a first fixed chamber 11, a first movable chamber 12, a first buoyancy chamber 13 and a first movable chamber driving device 15, and the first energy dissipating device 200 is fixedly arranged on the first fixed chamber.
  • the left end of the warehouse 11, the first movable warehouse 12 is arranged at the right end of the first fixed warehouse 11, and the first movable warehouse 12 is partially nested in the first fixed warehouse 11, and the first movable warehouse driving device 15 drives the first movable warehouse 12 relative to the first fixed warehouse.
  • a fixed bin 11 moves left and right to change the length of the first movable bin 12 protruding from the first fixed bin 11 .
  • the nesting part of the first fixed warehouse 11 and the first movable warehouse 12 is provided with a warehouse fixed rail 141.
  • the upper and lower ends of the inner walls on both sides of the first fixed warehouse 11 are provided with a warehouse fixed rail 141.
  • the extension direction of the warehouse fixed rail 141 is from the left end of the first fixed warehouse 11. Extending to the right end; the first movable warehouse 12 and the first fixed warehouse 11 nested part are provided with warehouse fixed rails 142, and the first movable warehouse 12 is provided with four warehouse fixed rails 142 corresponding to the four warehouse fixed rails 141, and the warehouse fixed rails 142 are in the Slide in the warehouse fixed rail 141.
  • the first movable bin driving device 15 comprises a rack 152, a gear 151, a worm and gear transmission mechanism 16 and a first drive motor, and the inner surfaces of both sides of the first movable bin 12 are fixedly provided with racks. 152, and the rack 152 is located between the bin fixing rails 142, and the extending direction of the rack 152 is parallel to the extending direction of the bin fixing rails 142.
  • Each rack 152 is provided with a gear 151 meshing with it, and the gear 151 is provided with a gear shaft, and the gear shaft 153 is vertically installed on the inner sidewall of the first fixed warehouse 11 through a bearing seat, and the worm gear 161 of the worm gear mechanism 16 is fixedly connected At the lower end of the gear shaft, the worm 162 is installed on the bottom surface of the first fixed warehouse 11 through the bearing seat, and the end of the worm 162 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first driving motor through a coupling.
  • the gear shaft 153 rotates to realize the movement of the gear 151 on the rack 152, thereby driving the first movable bin 12 to move left and right relative to the first fixed bin 11, and realize the expansion and contraction of the right side of the first floating body device 100.
  • the expansion and contraction principle on the left side of the second floating body device 101 is the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • the distance between the first floating body device 100 and the second floating body device 101 is adjusted. In this way, energy transmission between ocean waves and waves in the cavity between the first push plate 300 and the second push plate 301 can be adjusted.
  • the distance between the first floating body device 100 and the second floating body device 101 can be set to be 0.2-0.4 times the cavity width.
  • the first buoyancy chamber 13 is arranged in the middle part of the bottom plate of the first fixed chamber 11, and is used for adjusting the buoyancy of the device.
  • the first push plate driving device 310 includes a moving nut 342, a screw rod 341, a bevel gear transmission mechanism 33 and a second driving motor, and the upper surface of the first fixed storehouse 11 is provided with a chute 343, the chute 343 extends from the left end of the first fixed warehouse 11 to the right side, a screw rod 341 is arranged in the chute 343, the extension direction of the screw rod 341 is parallel to the extension direction of the chute 343, the moving nut 342 is arranged on the screw rod 341, and the moving nut 342 is threadedly connected with the screw rod 341 , and the moving nut 342 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the first push plate 300; one end of the screw rod 341 is fixedly connected with the driven bevel gear 332 in the bevel gear transmission mechanism 33, the driven bevel gear 332 meshes with the driving bevel gear 331, and the driving bevel gear 331 Bevel gear shaft 333 is fixedly connected, and bevel gear shaft 333 is arranged on the inner
  • bevel gear shaft 333 is fixedly connected with the axis center of driving bevel gear 331, and the other end is connected with the second shaft through a coupling.
  • the output shafts of the two driving motors are fixedly connected.
  • the second driving motor drives the screw rod 341 to rotate through the driving bevel gear 331 and the driven bevel gear 332.
  • the rotation of the screw rod 341 drives the moving nut 342 to move left and right on the screw rod 341, thereby driving the first push plate 300 to move relative to each other.
  • the principle of the second push plate 301 moving left and right on the second fixed bin is the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first energy dissipation device 200 includes a chamber 21 , a first hollow plate 22 , a second hollow plate 23 and several partition plates 24 with holes.
  • the second air-permeable plate 23 and several opening partitions 24 are arranged in the box chamber 21, the left side of the box chamber 21 is fixedly connected with the first air-through plate 22, and the right side of the bottom of the box chamber 21 is fixedly connected with the left end of the first fixed warehouse 11.
  • the bottom of the chamber 21 is permeable for water; the plane where the first air-permeable plate 22 and the plane where the second air-permeable plate 23 are located are parallel to the left side of the chamber 21, and the plane where the perforated partition 24 is located is perpendicular to the chamber
  • the perforated partition 24 is provided with openings for the second permeable plate 23 to pass through, and the second permeable plate 23 divides the left side of the box chamber 21 to the right at equal intervals, and several perforated partitions 24 are parallel
  • the arrangement divides the chamber 21 into several chambers.
  • the first permeable plate 22, the second permeable plate 23 and the perforated partition 24 are all provided with a number of rectangular penetrating permeable holes, and the permeable holes of the first permeable plate 22 are larger than the second permeable holes.
  • the top of the box chamber 21 is fixed with a fixed rail extending left and right
  • the top of the first push plate 300 is provided with a sliding rail 321 extending from the left side of the first push plate 300 to the left.
  • the sliding rail slides on the fixed rail 322 to guide the first push plate 300 of the mobile.
  • the second energy dissipating device 201 and the first energy dissipating device 200 are only installed in the opposite direction, and have the same structural connection relationship, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first mooring device 400 includes a chain wheel 431, a chain 41 wound on the chain wheel 431 and a third driving motor that drives the chain wheel 431 to rotate, one end of the chain 41 is fixed on the seabed, and the other One end passes through the anchor chain channel 42 arranged at the bottom of the first fixed warehouse 11 and then is wound on the anchor chain wheel 431 , and the end is fixed with the anchor chain wheel 431 .
  • two anchor chain wheels 431 are provided to connect two anchor chains 41 respectively.
  • a pair of meshing gears are coaxially connected.
  • the two anchor chain wheels 431 synchronously wind up and release the anchor chain 41, and cooperate with the first buoyancy chamber 13 in the first anchor chamber 11 to change the first anchor chain.
  • the draft of warehouse 11 The principle of adjusting the draft of the second fixed warehouse by the second mooring device 401 is the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • the range of motion and working range of the wave absorbing device can be flexibly adjusted, so that the device can It is suitable for sea areas with different water depths, and is less affected by seabed topography and geological conditions, and has a wide range of applications.
  • the wave elimination device in this embodiment utilizes the phenomenon of water wave resonance, which effectively solves the problem of long-period wave wave elimination.
  • the anti-wave performance of the wave device is the phenomenon of water wave resonance, which effectively solves the problem of long-period wave wave elimination.
  • a breakwater dike in this embodiment includes several wave breakers in the above-mentioned embodiments, and first connecting lugs 171 are fixedly arranged at both ends of the first buoyancy device 100, Both the front and rear ends of the second buoyant device 101 are fixedly provided with second connecting lugs, and other structures of the wave absorbing device will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the chain 172 is connected to the first connecting lug 171 of another wave absorbing device, while the second connecting lug 171 of the wave absorbing device is connected to the second connecting lug of another wave absorbing device through an anchor chain, by connecting multiple wave absorbing devices Into an integral structure, can expand the range of protection sea area of the device.
  • Both the front and rear ends of the first floating body device 100 and the second floating body device 101 are provided with a number of rubber anti-collision blocks 18, and when two adjacent devices are close enough, friction and collision between them can be avoided.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种浮式消波装置，包括两个消波单元，消波单元包括水平设置的浮体装置、竖直设置且固定于浮体装置一端的消能装置、设置于浮体装置上且与消能装置平行设置的推板、推板驱动装置、锚泊装置；浮体装置设置于水面以下，两个消波单元呈对称布置的L型，两个消波单元之间形成容纳水的腔体，推板驱动装置用于驱动推板在浮体装置上左右移动，锚泊装置用于调节浮体装置的深度。通过调整两个推板之间的距离以及两个浮体装置的深度，诱导外部波浪与装置内部水波发生共振运动，以消耗外部长周期波浪能量，设置消能装置消除短周期波浪能，实现同时适用于短波和长波波浪消波，有效保障了海上装备的安全运营。

Description

一种浮式消波装置及消波堤 技术领域
本发明涉及消波装置，具体是涉及一种浮式消波装置及消波堤。
背景技术
防波堤是常见的用于港口建设、岛屿开发和海洋工程装备防护的水工建筑物。建造在海湾、海岸或岛屿的港口通常采用防波堤来形成有掩护的水域，部分防波堤还可以起到防止港池淤积和波浪冲蚀岸线的作用。然而，传统的防波堤通常是坐底型式的，建造费用会随着工程水域深度的增加而剧增，且施工过程中一般都需要大型专门的施工机械，施工较复杂。同时，一旦发生破坏，修复极其困难。
理论分析和大量试验结果表明：波浪的能量大部分集中在水体的表层，在表层2倍和3倍波高的水层厚度内分别集中了90％和98％的波能。由此产生了适应波能分布特点的浮式防波堤，其主要优点包括：随着水深的增加，其造价比固定式的防波堤低廉，很容易应用在软土海床水域，不需要做特殊的地基处理；不影响海水交换，对沿岸、水体和生物交换、海湾或河口环境状况等影响极小；可任意拆迁，重复使用；建造周期短，速度快。
浮式防波堤经过了长期发展，目前在中高频波浪消波方面已经基本成熟，且具备较好的消波效果。但是，长周期波浪波长较长，且能量分布垂向跨度大。前者导致浮体对波浪的反射系数基本为零，后者导致垂向耗散消波难以实施，二者结合，导致目前长波消波问题仍未得到有效解决。
发明内容
发明目的：针对以上缺点，本发明提供一种同时适用于短波和长波波浪消波的双L型浮式消波装置及消波堤。
本发明还提供一种使用上述消波装置的消波堤。
技术方案：为解决上述问题，本发明采用一种浮式消波装置，包括第一消波单元和第二消波单元，所述第一消波单元包括水平设置的第一浮体装置、竖直设置且固定于第一浮体装置左端的第一消能装置、设置于第一浮体装置上且与第一消能装置平行设置的第一推板、第一推板驱动装置、第一锚泊装置；所述第二消波单元包括水平设置的第二浮体装置、竖直设置且固定于第二浮体装置右端的第二消能装置、设置于第二浮体装置上且与第二消能装置平行设置的第二推板、第二推板驱动装置、第二锚泊装置；所述第一浮体装置右侧正对第二浮体装置的左侧，所述第一推板驱动装置用于驱动第一推板在第一浮体装置 上左右移动，所述第二推板驱动装置用于驱动第二推板在第二浮体装置上左右移动，所述第一锚泊装置用于调节第一浮体装置的深度，所述第二锚泊装置用于调节第二浮体装置的深度。
进一步的，所述第一浮体装置包括第一固定仓、第一活动仓和第一活动仓驱动装置，所述第一消能装置固定设置于第一固定仓左端，所述第一活动仓设置于第一固定仓右端，且第一活动仓部分嵌套于第一固定仓内，第一活动仓驱动装置驱动第一活动仓相对第一固定仓左右移动，改变第一活动仓伸出第一固定仓的长度；所述第二浮体装置包括第二固定仓、第二活动仓和第二活动仓驱动装置，所述第二消能装置固定设置于第二固定仓右端，所述第二活动仓设置于第二固定仓左端，且第二活动仓部分嵌套于第二固定仓内，第二活动仓驱动装置驱动第二活动仓相对第二固定仓左右移动，改变第二活动仓伸出第二固定仓的长度。
进一步的，所述第一浮体装置还包括第一浮力舱，第一浮力舱设置于第一固定仓内用于调节第一消波单元的浮力；所述第二浮体装置还包括第二浮力舱，第二浮力舱设置于第二固定仓内用于调节第二消波单元的浮力。
进一步的，所述第一活动仓驱动装置包括固定设置于第一活动仓侧面的齿条、与齿条啮合的齿轮、带动齿轮转动的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构以及驱动蜗轮蜗杆传动机构工作的第一驱动电机；所述齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构以及第一驱动电机固定设置于第一固定仓内部，所述齿条由第一活动仓左端向右端延伸。
进一步的，所述第一推板驱动装置包括移动螺母、螺杆和第二驱动电机，所述第一固定仓上端设置有滑槽，滑槽由第一固定仓左端向右端延伸，所述螺杆设置于滑槽内，所述移动螺母设置于螺杆上，且与第一推板底部固定连接，所述第二驱动电机驱动螺杆转动，螺杆转动带动移动螺母在螺杆上左右移动，从而带动第一推板相对于第一固定仓左右移动。
进一步的，所述第二驱动电机输出轴上固定连接有主动锥齿轮，所述螺杆一端固定连接有从动锥齿轮，从动锥齿轮与主动锥齿轮啮合，所述第二驱动电机通过主动锥齿轮和从动锥齿轮带动螺杆旋转。
进一步的，所述第一锚泊装置包括锚链轮、缠绕在锚链轮上的锚链以及驱动锚链轮转动的第三驱动电机，所述锚链一端缠绕在锚链轮上，锚链另一端固定于海底，所述第三驱动电机固定设置于第一浮体装置上，第三驱动电机驱动锚链轮转动从而实现锚链的收缩与放松。
进一步的，所述第一消能装置包括箱室以及设置于箱室内的第二透空板和若干开孔隔板，所述箱室右侧固定连接于第一浮体装置左端，箱室左侧固定连 接有第一透空板，且箱室底部开孔，所述第一透空板所在平面和第二透空板所在平面平行于箱室左侧面，开孔隔板所在平面垂直于箱室左侧面，开孔隔板设置开孔用于第二透空板穿过，若干开孔隔板平行设置将箱室分隔为若干腔室，所述第一透空板、第二透空板和开孔隔板均设置若干透水孔，第一透空板透水孔大于第二透空板的透水孔。
进一步的，所述箱室顶部固定设置左右延伸的固定轨，所述第一推板顶部设置由第一推板左侧向左延伸的滑动轨，所述滑动轨在固定轨上滑动。
本发明还采用一种消波堤，包括若干上述消波装置，所述第一浮体装置前后两端均固定设置有第一连接吊耳，所述第二浮体装置前后两端均固定设置有第二连接吊耳，一个消波装置的第一连接吊耳通过锚链连接另一个消波装置的第一连接吊耳，同时消波装置的第二连接吊耳通过锚链连接另一个消波装置的第二连接吊耳。
有益效果：本发明相对于现有技术，其显著优点是通过调整第一推板和第二推板之间的距离以及第一浮体装置和第二浮体装置的深度，诱导外部波浪与装置内部水波发生共振运动，以消耗外部长周期波浪能量，设置第一消能装置和第二消能装置消除短周期波浪能，实现同时适用于短波和长波波浪消波，有效保障了海上装备的安全运营，且该装置改变移动和组装方便，可重复使用。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明消波装置的工作原理示意图；
图2所示为本发明消波装置的整体结构示意图；
图3所示为本发明第一消波单元的剖视图；
图4所示为本发明中第一活动仓驱动装置结构图；
图5所示为本发明中第一活动仓驱动装置局部放大图；
图6所示为本发明中第一推板与第一推板驱动装置的正剖视图；
图7所示为本发明中第一推板与第一推板驱动装置的侧剖视图；
图8所示为本发明中第一消能室的分解示意图；
图9所示为本发明中开孔隔板的结构示意图；
图10所示为本发明中第一锚泊装置的结构示意图；
图11所示为本发明中两个第一消波单元连接的结构示意图；
图12所示为本发明中消波堤的俯视图；
图13所示为本发明中消波堤的结构示意图；
图14所示为本发明消波装置内部波高对比图；
图15所示为本发明消波装置消波效果对比图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在实际情况中，浮式消波装置的消波原理为：首先假设装置沿垂直于波浪主浪向布置，浮式消波装置间构成的腔体宽为b，腔体内部水深为h；为了描述装置内流体运动，引入笛卡尔直角坐标系o-xyz，其中o-xy位于装置内流体静水面上，z轴垂直向上，宽度方向为y∈(0,b)，深度方向为z∈(-h,0)；引入描述装置内流体运动的速度势Φ＝Re(φe iωt)，φ在装置内部满足拉普拉斯方程，即
Figure PCTCN2022120944-appb-000001
在装置左、右以及底部满足法向不可穿透条件，即
Figure PCTCN2022120944-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022120944-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022120944-appb-000004
通过分离变量法，可以推导得出装置内流体自由运动非零解，即
Figure PCTCN2022120944-appb-000005
其中，m为任意整数，且不同时为零，k为装置内部水波运动的波数，为如下色散方程的正实根，
ω 2＝gktanh(kh)，         (6)ω为装置内部水波运动的圆频率；k和m满足如下关系
Figure PCTCN2022120944-appb-000006
由公式(7)可知，通过合理调整b的值，可以改变腔内水波运动的波数k，结合公式(6)，通过合理调整装置内水深h，达到预期的装置内水波共振固有频率ω r，当下潜式双L型浮式消波装置外部波浪频率ω与装置内水波共振固有频率ω r接近时，便会通过装置底部开口，诱导装置内出现大幅水波共振运动，从而实现耗散外部波浪能的目的。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例中的一种浮式消波装置，包括第一消波单元和第二消波单元，如图2和图3所示，第一消波单元包括第一浮体装置100、 第一消能装置200、第一推板300、第一推板驱动装置310、第一锚泊装置400；第二消波单元包括第二浮体装置101、第二消能装置201、第二推板301、第二推板驱动装置311、第二锚泊装置401；第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101水平设置，第一浮体装置100所在平面和第二浮体装置101所在平面均平行于水平面，且第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101设置于同一水平面，第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101上表面均位于水面以下，且第一浮体装置100右侧面正对第二浮体装置101的左侧面。
第一消能装置200底端固定设置于第一浮体装置100的左端，第一消能装置200与第一浮体装置100形成L型布置，第二消能装置201底端固定设置于第二浮体装置101的右端，第一消能装置200与第一浮体装置100形成L型的镜像形式布置，在本实施例中，第一消能装置200与第一浮体装置100和第二消能装置201与第二浮体装置101形成双L型。迎浪面的第一消能装置200起到耗散短波波浪能和保护装置的作用，背浪面的第二消能装置201可进一步耗散透射波的能量。第一消能装置200和第二消能装置201均竖直设置，第一消能装置200和第二消能装置201所在平面相互平行且均垂直于水平面，第一消能装置200和第二消能装置201所在平面均平行于第一浮体装置100的左侧面。
第一浮体装置100上设置第一推板300，第一推板300所在平面平行于第一消能装置200所在平面，且第一推板300靠近第一消能装置200，第一推板驱动装置310驱动第一推板300在第一浮体装置100上左右运动；第二浮体装置101上设置第二推板301，第二推板301所在平面平行于第二消能装置201所在平面，且第二推板301靠近第二消能装置201，第二推板驱动装置311驱动第二推板301在第二浮体装置101上左右运动，第一推板300和第二推板301之间形成腔体，腔体内有水；通过第一推板驱动装置310和第二推板驱动装置311分别驱动第一推板300和第二推板301，调节第一推板300和第二推板301之间的距离，实现改变腔体内水波的共振固有频率。
第一浮体装置100设置有第一锚泊装置400，第一锚泊装置400调节第一浮体装置100在水中的深度，第二浮体装置101设置有第二锚泊装置401，第二锚泊装置401调节第二浮体装置101在水中的深度，进一步调节腔体内水波的共振固有频率。
在本实施例中，第一消波单元和第二消波单元左右对称分布，两者结构单元除方向相反外，结构连接关系相同，下面以第一消波单元的结构连接关系为例进行说明。
如图3所示，第一浮体装置100包括第一固定仓11、第一活动仓12、第一浮力舱13和第一活动仓驱动装置15，第一消能装置200固定设置于第一固定仓11左端，第一活动仓12设置于第一固定仓11右端，且第一活动仓12部分嵌套于第一固定仓11内，第一活动仓驱动装置15驱动第一活动仓12相对第一固定仓11左右移动，改变第一活动仓12伸出第一固定仓11的长度。第一固定仓11与第一活动仓12嵌套部分设置仓固定轨141，第一固定仓11两侧内壁上下端均设置仓固定轨141，仓固定轨141延伸方向由第一固定仓11左端向右端延伸；第一活动仓12与第一固定仓11嵌套部分设置仓固定轨142，第一活动仓12相对应四个仓固定轨141设置四个仓固定轨142，仓固定轨142在仓固定轨141中滑动。
如图4和图5所示，第一活动仓驱动装置15包括齿条152、齿轮151、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构16以及第一驱动电机，第一活动仓12两侧内侧面均固定设置有齿条152，且齿条152位于仓固定轨142之间，齿条152延伸方向平行于仓固定轨142延伸方向。每个齿条152均设置有齿轮151与之啮合，齿轮151设置有齿轮轴，齿轮轴153通过轴承座竖直安装在第一固定仓11的内侧壁，蜗轮蜗杆传动机构16的涡轮161固定连接于齿轮轴下端，蜗杆162通过轴承座安装于第一固定仓11底面，蜗杆162端部通过联轴器与第一驱动电机的输出轴固定连接，第一驱动电机工作时，在蜗轮蜗杆传动机构16的传动下，齿轮轴153转动，实现齿轮151在齿条152上移动，从而带动第一活动仓12相对第一固定仓11左右移动，实现第一浮体装置100右侧的伸缩。第二浮体装置101左侧的伸缩原理相同，在此不再赘述，通过第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101的伸缩，调节第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101之间的距离，从而实现调节海洋波浪与第一推板300和第二推板301之间腔体内波浪间的能量传递。在本实施例中，第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101之间的距离可以设置为0.2-0.4倍的腔体宽度。第一浮力舱13设置在第一固定仓11底板中部，用来调节装置浮力。
如图6和图7所示，第一推板驱动装置310包括移动螺母342、螺杆341、锥齿轮传动机构33和第二驱动电机，第一固定仓11上表面设置有滑槽343，滑槽343由第一固定仓11左端向右侧延伸，滑槽343内设置螺杆341，螺杆341延伸方向平行于滑槽343延伸方向，移动螺母342设置于螺杆341上，移动螺母342与螺杆341螺纹连接，且移动螺母342与第一推板300底部固定连接；螺杆341一端固定连接有锥齿轮传动机构33中的从动锥齿轮332，从动锥齿轮332与主动锥齿轮331啮合，主动锥齿轮331固定连接有锥齿轮轴333， 锥齿轮轴333通过轴承座设置于第一固定仓11上端内侧面，锥齿轮轴333一端与主动锥齿轮331的轴心固定连接，另一端通过联轴器与第二驱动电机输出轴固定连接，第二驱动电机通过主动锥齿轮331和从动锥齿轮332带动螺杆341旋转，螺杆341转动带动移动螺母342在螺杆341上左右移动，从而带动第一推板300相对于第一固定仓11左右移动。第二推板301在第二固定仓上左右移动的原理相同，在此不再赘述，通过调节第一推板300和第二推板301之间的距离，实现改变腔体内水波的共振固有频率。
如图8和图9所示，第一消能装置200包括箱室21、第一透空板22、第二透空板23和若干开孔隔板24。第二透空板23和若干开孔隔板24设置于箱室21内，箱室21左侧固定连接有第一透空板22，箱室21底部右侧固定连接于第一固定仓11左端，且箱室21底部开孔，用于透水；第一透空板22所在平面和第二透空板23所在平面平行于箱室21左侧面，开孔隔板24所在平面垂直于箱室21左侧面，开孔隔板24设置开孔用于第二透空板23穿过，第二透空板23将箱室21左侧到右侧等间距分隔，若干开孔隔板24平行设置将箱室21分隔为若干腔室。如图7至图9所示，第一透空板22、第二透空板23和开孔隔板24均设置若干矩形的贯穿透水孔，第一透空板22透水孔大于第二透空板23的透水孔。箱室21顶部固定设置左右延伸的固定轨，第一推板300顶部设置由第一推板300左侧向左延伸的滑动轨321，滑动轨在固定轨322上滑动，引导第一推板300的移动。第二消能装置201与第一消能装置200仅设置方向相反，结构连接关系相同，在此不再赘述。
如图10所示，第一锚泊装置400包括锚链轮431、缠绕在锚链轮431上的锚链41以及驱动锚链轮431转动的第三驱动电机，锚链41一端固定于海底，另一端穿过布置在第一固定仓11底部的锚链孔道42然后缠绕在锚链轮431上，端部与锚链轮431固定。在本实施例中，设置有两个锚链轮431，分别连接两根锚链41，两个锚链41分别从锚链孔道42的两端伸出与海底连接，两锚链轮431分别与一对啮合的齿轮同轴连接，在第三驱动电机的驱动下两锚链轮431同步收卷和释放固定锚链41，配合第一固定仓11内的第一浮力舱13来改变第一固定仓11的吃水深度。第二锚泊装置401调节第二固定仓的吃水深度原理相同，在此不再赘述，通过第一锚泊装置400和第二锚泊装置401灵活的调节消波装置的运动幅度和工作范围，使装置可以适应不同水深的海域，且受海底地形和地质条件的影响较小，应用范围广泛。
如图14和图15所示，水深为H＝40m、波幅为A＝1m、周期为T＝11.1943s的外部波浪场下的消波示意图，第一消波装置和第二消波装置长度 方向与外部波浪传播方向垂直，装置内第一推板300和第二推板301间距为b＝40m，装置内部水深为h＝3m，装置外部波浪会诱导装置内部波浪形成水波共振运动，实现消波目的。
本实施例中的消波装置利用了水波共振现象，有效解决了长周期波浪消波的问题，同时将消能室与装置结合，使装置同时适用短波和长波波浪的消波，提升浮式防波装置的防波性能。
实施例2
如图11至图13所示，本实施例中的一种消波堤，包括若干上述实施例中的消波装置，第一浮体装置100前后两端均固定设置有第一连接吊耳171，第二浮体装置101前后两端均固定设置有第二连接吊耳，消波装置其他结构在本实施例中不再赘述，本实施例中的一个消波装置的第一连接吊耳171通过锚链172连接另一个消波装置的第一连接吊耳171，同时消波装置的第二连接吊耳通过锚链连接另一个消波装置的第二连接吊耳，通过将多个消波装置连接成一个整体结构，可扩大装置的防护海域范围。第一浮体装置100和第二浮体装置101前后两端均设置有若干橡胶防撞块18，当两个相邻装置足够近时，可避免相互间的摩擦碰撞。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮式消波装置，其特征在于，包括第一消波单元和第二消波单元，所述第一消波单元包括水平设置的第一浮体装置(100)、竖直设置且固定于第一浮体装置(100)左端的第一消能装置(200)、设置于第一浮体装置(100)上且与第一消能装置(200)平行设置的第一推板(300)、第一推板驱动装置(310)、第一锚泊装置(400)；所述第二消波单元包括水平设置的第二浮体装置(101)、竖直设置且固定于第二浮体装置(101)右端的第二消能装置(201)、设置于第二浮体装置(101)上且与第二消能装置(201)平行设置的第二推板(301)、第二推板驱动装置(311)、第二锚泊装置(401)；所述第一浮体装置(100)右侧正对第二浮体装置(101)的左侧，所述第一推板驱动装置(310)用于驱动第一推板(300)在第一浮体装置(100)上左右移动，所述第二推板驱动装置(311)用于驱动第二推板(301)在第二浮体装置(101)上左右移动，所述第一锚泊装置(400)用于调节第一浮体装置(100)的深度，所述第二锚泊装置(401)用于调节第二浮体装置(101)的深度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第一浮体装置(100)包括第一固定仓(11)、第一活动仓(12)和第一活动仓驱动装置(15)，所述第一消能装置(200)固定设置于第一固定仓(11)左端，所述第一活动仓(12)设置于第一固定仓右端，且第一活动仓(12)部分嵌套于第一固定仓(11)内，第一活动仓驱动装置(15)驱动第一活动仓(12)相对第一固定仓(11)左右移动，改变第一活动仓(12)伸出第一固定仓(11)的长度；所述第二浮体装置(101)包括第二固定仓、第二活动仓和第二活动仓驱动装置，所述第二消能装置(201)固定设置于第二固定仓(11)右端，所述第二活动仓设置于第二固定仓左端，且第二活动仓部分嵌套于第二固定仓内，第二活动仓驱动装置驱动第二活动仓相对第二固定仓左右移动，改变第二活动仓伸出第二固定仓的长度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第一浮体装置(100)还包括第一浮力舱(13)，第一浮力舱(13)设置于第一固定仓(11)内用于调节第一消波单元的浮力；所述第二浮体装置(101)还包括第二浮力舱，第二浮力舱设置于第二固定仓内用于调节第二消波单元的浮力。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第一活动仓驱动装置(15)包括固定设置于第一活动仓(12)侧面的齿条(152)、与齿条(152)啮合的齿轮(151)、带动齿轮(151)转动的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构(16)以及驱动蜗轮蜗杆传动机构(16)工作的第一驱动电机；所述齿轮(151)、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构(16)以及第一驱动电机固定设置于第一固定仓(11)内部， 所述齿条(152)由第一活动仓(12)左端向右端延伸。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第一推板驱动装置(310)包括移动螺母(342)、螺杆(341)和第二驱动电机，所述第一固定仓(11)上端设置有滑槽(343)，滑槽(343)由第一固定仓(11)左端向右端延伸，所述螺杆(341)设置于滑槽内，所述移动螺母(342)设置于螺杆(341)上，且与第一推板(300)底部固定连接，所述第二驱动电机驱动螺杆(341)转动，螺杆(341)转动带动移动螺母(342)在螺杆(341)上左右移动，从而带动第一推板(300)相对于第一固定仓(11)左右移动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第二驱动电机输出轴上固定连接有主动锥齿轮(331)，所述螺杆(341)一端固定连接有从动锥齿轮(332)，从动锥齿轮(332)与主动锥齿轮(331)啮合，所述第二驱动电机通过主动锥齿轮(331)和从动锥齿轮(332)带动螺杆(341)旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第一锚泊装置(400)包括锚链轮(431)、缠绕在锚链轮(431)上的锚链(41)以及驱动锚链轮(431)转动的第三驱动电机，所述锚链(41)一端缠绕在锚链轮(431)上，锚链(41)另一端固定于海底，所述第三驱动电机固定设置于第一浮体装置(100)上，第三驱动电机驱动锚链轮(431)转动从而实现锚链(41)的收缩与放松。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述第一消能装置(200)包括箱室(21)以及设置于箱室(21)内的第二透空板(23)和若干开孔隔板(24)，所述箱室(21)右侧固定连接于第一浮体装置(100)左端，箱室(21)左侧固定连接有第一透空板(22)，且箱室(21)底部开孔，所述第一透空板(22)所在平面和第二透空板(23)所在平面平行于箱室(21)左侧面，开孔隔板(24)所在平面垂直于箱室(21)左侧面，开孔隔板(24)设置开孔用于第二透空板(23)穿过，若干开孔隔板(24)平行设置将箱室(21)分隔为若干腔室，所述第一透空板(22)、第二透空板(23)和开孔隔板(24)均设置若干透水孔，第一透空板(22)透水孔大于第二透空板(23)的透水孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的浮式消波装置，其特征在于，所述箱室(21)顶部固定设置左右延伸的固定轨，所述第一推板(300)顶部设置由第一推板(300)左侧向左延伸的滑动轨，所述滑动轨在固定轨上滑动。
  10. 一种消波堤，其特征在于，包括若干如权利要求1～9任意一项所述的消波装置，所述第一浮体装置(100)前后两端均固定设置有第一连接吊耳，所 述第二浮体装置(101)前后两端均固定设置有第二连接吊耳，一个消波装置的第一连接吊耳通过锚链连接另一个消波装置的第一连接吊耳，同时消波装置的第二连接吊耳通过锚链连接另一个消波装置的第二连接吊耳。
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