WO2023083973A1

WO2023083973A1 - Method and device for automatically filtering effluents

Info

Publication number: WO2023083973A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/081503
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pierre Gomez; Marc MESSALIER; Marie-Anne LISSANDRE
Original assignee: ISYmap; Eci Meca
Priority date: 2021-11-10
Filing date: 2022-11-10
Publication date: 2023-05-19

Abstract

The method (100) for the cartridge-type automatic filtration of contaminated liquid effluents comprises: - a step (101) of automatically introducing a cartridge into a central filtration chamber from a motorized subassembly, - a step (102) of filtering effluents in the chamber containing the cartridge, - a step (103) of measuring cartridge-specific dosage, - a step (104) of measuring ambient dosage, - a step (105) of acquiring a spectrum of the radioelements present in the cartridge, - a step (106) of calculating overall radiological activity and at least a radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge, as a function of the measured values, and - according to the overall radiological activity and to at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge and to at least one measured dosage, on the one hand, and to at least one predetermined limit value associated with each calculated radiological activity value and to at least one predetermined limit value associated with the dosage, on the other hand, a step (107) of triggering ejection (108) of the cartridge and recovery of the ejected cartridge in a case of a motorized subassembly.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC EFFLUENT FILTRATION

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and a device for the automatic filtration of effluents. It concerns, in particular, the filtration of chemical or radiological effluents that are potentially dangerous for humans and/or for the environment.

STATE OF THE ART

The filtration of contaminated effluents, during the dismantling of nuclear installations for example, induces the concentration of strong radiological activities in the cartridges of liquid filtration systems. Another disadvantage of existing systems is that they do not allow real-time visualization of radiological activity by radioelement. As a result of these two points, incompatibilities related to future management of cartridges that have become waste can be observed a posteriori. As a result, risks related to the handling of these cartridges may have been incurred. Operators can be highly exposed to ionizing radiation during maintenance and cartridge change operations. Furthermore, it is difficult to bring filtration systems to sites that are not designed to accommodate heavy and bulky conventional filtration systems, the resulting cartridges often being incompatible with the waste acceptance specifications of the waste streams ( too high activity, presence of water, irradiating cartridge, radiolysis problem...). Although automatic and monitored systems exist, they are often fixed. Moreover, they do not make it possible to overcome or control the problems of cumulative activity, irradiation and contamination.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.

To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to an automatic cartridge filtration process for contaminated effluents according to claim 1.

Thanks to these provisions, the method that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to determine, in real time and remotely during the filtration of effluents, the overall radiological activity of the cartridge and the individual radiological activity of a plurality of radioelements . Thus, an operator can carry out the monitoring of the measurements, locally or remotely, during the implementation of the method. In addition, the method makes it possible to trigger a filter cartridge replacement process when at least one measured or calculated value crosses a predetermined value. Thus, the risks associated with contamination and exposure to radiation of operators, when changing cartridges, are reduced. The protection of operators is therefore considerably improved. The process also ultimately makes it possible to control the radiological activity of the contaminated cartridge. Thus, subsequent processing of the contaminated cartridge, which has become radioactive waste, is simplified.

It is noted that the method makes it possible to measure, in real time and remotely, the radiological environment and to compare, for example, the value measured with a predetermined limit value. The predetermined limit value is defined, for example, according to radiation exposure standards. In addition, the representative value of the measured radiological environment conditions the validation and the estimation of the operator intervention times near the device implementing the method. The risks The operator's exposure to radiation is therefore limited and thus the safety of the operator is improved. Each of the three associated predetermined limit values, which, as soon as one of them is reached by the calculated radiological activity values and/or the dose rate, causes the cartridge to be ejected, is defined on a case-by-case basis. case and set according to the operator's objectives. These limit values can therefore be configured and depend on the treated effluent and the management strategy chosen by the operator. It corresponds to a value of compliance with the regulations defining the conditions for accepting waste for disposal, which depends on the final outlet, and/or the safety conditions for the workers, in particular the maximum authorized operational dosimetry.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of measuring a pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge, the step of triggering the ejection of the cartridge also being a function of the comparison between the difference of measured pressures and a predetermined limit value. Thus, the method makes it possible to measure, in real time and remotely, the clogging of the cartridge and to compare the level of clogging with a predetermined limit value. Thus, the device has additional safety by avoiding problems related to clogging. In some embodiments, the step of triggering the ejection of the cartridge is also a function of the comparison between the measured evolution of the radiological activity particular to a radioelement present in the cartridge and a theoretical evolution called "curve of predetermined breakthrough, the crossing of the predetermined limit value and/or of the breakthrough curve by this particular radiological activity triggering the ejection of the cartridge. The measured evolution of the radiological activity is thus compared with a predetermined limit value and with a theoretical curve, the breakthrough curve, which is the comparison reference for the evolution of the pressure difference. Thus, the method makes it possible to measure, in real time and remotely, the radioelement saturation of the cartridge and to compare, for example, the level of saturation with a predetermined limit value, called "breakthrough point", of the curve of breakthrough. The process therefore makes it possible to avoid total saturation of the cartridge with at least one radioelement. Thus, a reduction in the quality of the filtration due to this total radioelement saturation is avoided.

In embodiments, the method further comprises a step of drying the cartridge. Thanks to these provisions, the method makes it possible to reduce the quantity of residues to be treated present in the cartridge. Thus the treatment of the cartridge as radioactive waste is facilitated. In addition, the method makes it possible to reduce the risks of radiolysis inherent in the presence of these residues. Thus, the safety of future storage facilities is enhanced.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step for triggering automatic decontamination of the effluent circuit in at least one of the following elements: the central filtration chamber, the motorized upper sub-assembly or the lower sub-assembly motorized, by circulating at least one chemical solution as a function of the overall radiological activity measured and/or of the radiological environment measured. Thanks to these provisions, the automatic decontamination is triggered when the measured radiological activity and/or the measured radiological environment is greater than a predetermined limit value. Automatic decontamination limits operator radiation exposure if manual decontamination is implemented. work. In addition, the triggering of decontamination makes it possible to limit the operator's exposure to radiation due to high values of radiological activity and/or radiological environment. Thus, operator safety is improved. In addition, the method makes it possible to measure the radiological activity and/or the radiological environment and therefore to monitor the decontamination of the system. In embodiments, the method further comprises:

- a monitoring step for at least one absorbent present in the cartridge and/or

- a step of determining at least one absorbent to be incorporated in a second cartridge according to the selectivity of each absorbent with respect to the chemical species and the radioelements to be retained in the cartridge, the selectivity being determined according to a comparison between the actual absorbent breakthrough curve and the theoretical absorbent breakthrough curve.

Thanks to these provisions, the method makes it possible to select at least one absorbent according to the needs and the filtration constraints linked to the flow of effluents. Effluent filtration is more efficient. In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of capturing images of elements of the filtration system and storing captured images. Thanks to these provisions, the method allows visual monitoring, in real time, remotely and/or a posteriori, of the state of the filtration system. Thus, the condition, the presence of leaks, a fault in the positioning of part of the system or any other anomalies can be detected visually or by image processing.

According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to an automatic cartridge filtration device for contaminated effluents, which comprises:

- a means of automatic introduction, by gravity or using an active system, of a cartridge into a central filtration chamber through which these effluents pass, from a motorized subassembly, the cartridge being configured to carry out the filtration of these effluents,

- a means of measuring the dose rate specific to the cartridge,

- a means of measuring the ambient dose rate,

- a means of acquiring a spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge,

- a means of calculating an overall radiological activity and at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge, according to the measured values and

- a means of triggering ejection of the cartridge by gravity or using an active system and recovery of the ejected cartridge in a case of a motorized sub-assembly, depending on the activity overall radiological activity and/or of at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge and/or of at least one measured dose rate, on the one hand, and of at least one predetermined limit value, of on the other hand, associated with each calculated radiological activity value and at least one predetermined limit value associated with the dose rate, on the other hand, as soon as one of the calculated radiological activity values and/or the dose rate exceeds the associated predetermined limit value.

In some embodiments, this device further comprises a system for retaining and releasing the cartridge in the filtration chamber, this system comprising an inflatable seal.

In embodiments, the cartridge retrieval case at least partially includes a radiation shielding material. Thanks to these provisions, the device makes it possible to reduce the risks of exposure to radiation for the operator who handles the recovery case.

The aims, advantages and particular characteristics of the device which is the subject of the invention being similar to those of the method which is the subject of the invention, they are not repeated here.

According to a third aspect, the invention relates to an automatic filtration system with contaminated effluent cartridges, which comprises at least two devices which are the subject of the invention.

In embodiments, the devices are connected in parallel. Thanks to these provisions, the system makes it possible to divide the flow of contaminated effluents to be filtered into a number of flows equal to the number of devices. Thus the treatment of a large quantity of effluents is carried out. In addition, the system makes it possible, when the filtration is carried out only by a first device and the cartridge of the first device must be changed, to direct the flow of effluents towards the second filtration device. Thus, the complete cessation of filtration is avoided.

The aims, advantages and particular characteristics of the system which is the subject of the invention being similar to those of the method and of the device which are the subject of the invention, they are not repeated here.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Other advantages, aims and particular characteristics of the invention will emerge from the non-limiting description which follows of at least one particular embodiment of the method, of the device and of the system for the automatic filtration of effluents which are the subject of the invention, with reference to the following figures: FIG. 1 represents, in the form of a flowchart, steps for implementing a particular embodiment of the method that is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 2 represents, in the form of a flowchart, steps for implementing a particular embodiment of the method that is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 3 represents, schematically, in front view and in partial section, a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 4 represents, schematically, in perspective, a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 5 represents, schematically, in front view and in section, a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention and according to a first particular configuration,

FIG. 6 represents, schematically, in front view and in section, a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention and according to a second particular configuration,

FIG. 7 represents, schematically, an enlargement of part of the device of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 represents, schematically, in front view and in sectional view, a particular embodiment of the device which is according to a third particular configuration,

FIG. 9 represents, schematically, in perspective, a particular embodiment of an upper sub-assembly of a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 10 represents, schematically, in perspective, a particular embodiment of a central sub-assembly of a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 11 represents, schematically, in perspective, a particular embodiment of a lower sub-assembly of a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 12 represents, schematically according to a first perspective view, a particular embodiment of a measurement module of a device which is the subject of the invention, FIG. 13 represents, schematically according to a second perspective view, a particular embodiment of a measurement module of a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention also represented in FIG. 12,

FIG. 14 represents, schematically, in perspective and in section, a particular embodiment of a measurement module, also represented in FIGS. 12 and 13, of a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 15 represents, schematically, in front view and in section, a particular embodiment of a filtration cartridge of a device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 16 represents, schematically, a first perspective view, a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 17 represents, schematically, a second perspective view, a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention, also represented in FIG. 17,

FIG. 18 represents, schematically, an embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 19 represents, schematically, an embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 20 schematically represents an embodiment of the system which is the subject of the invention and

FIG. 21 schematically represents an embodiment of the system which is the subject of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

This description is given on a non-limiting basis, each characteristic of an embodiment being able to be combined with any other characteristic of any other embodiment in an advantageous manner. Figures 4 through 17 are to scale, but may be at different scales. Note that Figures 1 to 3 and 18 to 21 are not to scale.

Throughout the description, what is at the top in FIGS. 3 to 17 is called "upper" or "top", which corresponds to the normal configuration of use of the device, "lower" or "lower" what is at the bottom. in these figures 3 to 17. The terms "vertical" or "height" derive from these definitions. The devices illustrated in the figures generally have a vertical plane of symmetry (parallel to the plane of the figures). An axis of rotation A is included in the vertical plane of symmetry. We call "internal" everything that is close or oriented towards this axis and "external" what is more distant from this axis or oriented opposite to this axis. The lengths are defined parallel to this axis and the widths are defined perpendicular to the global plane of vertical symmetry. The terms “effluent” and “fluid” refer to a liquid or a gas, the liquid being, for example, a contaminated effluent and the gas being, for example, air. The term "radiation" refers to radiation from one or more radioactive compounds. The term “system” refers to a set of at least one device that is the subject of the invention and, possibly additional means. The terms “activity spectrum per radioelement” refer to a physical quantity representative of the activity of a radioelement. The terms “dose rate” refer to a physical quantity corresponding to an absorbed dose per unit of time expressed, for example, in Gray per hour (Gy/h). The term "actuator" refers to a means comprising a drive motor. The term “communicating portable terminal” refers to any device fitted with a man-machine interface and a means of communicating wired or non-wired signals, such as an antenna or a port for receiving a network cable for example. For example, such a terminal communicating laptop is a multifunction mobile phone, or ordiphone (in English "smartphone"), a digital tablet or a computer. The term “modular” refers to a system consisting of one or more modules, or devices, these devices being able to be connected together, for example in series or in parallel. The choice of the number of modules and/or devices used and of the connections between them depends on the use of the filtration system, in particular according to the volume of effluent to be filtered and/or the targeted filtration efficiency.

Filtration process

We observe, in FIG. 1, schematically, an embodiment of the method 100 object of the invention. This process 100 for automatic cartridge filtration of contaminated effluents comprises:

- a step 101 of automatic introduction, by gravity or using an active system, of a cartridge into a central filtration chamber from a motorized sub-assembly,

- a step 102 of filtration of effluents in the chamber containing the cartridge,

- a step 103 for measuring the dose rate specific to the cartridge,

- a step 104 for measuring the ambient dose rate,

- a step 105 for acquiring a spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge,

- a step 106 for calculating an overall radiological activity and at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge, according to the measured values,

- a step 107 for comparing the overall radiological activity and/or at least one particular radiological activity with a radioelement present in the cartridge and/or with at least one measured dose rate, on the one hand, at at least minus a predetermined limit value, on the other hand, and triggering ejection of the cartridge in the event of crossing a predetermined limit value of overall radiological activity or radiological activity specific to a radioelement,

- in case of triggering during step 107, a step 108 of ejection of the cartridge by gravity or using an active system and recovery of the ejected cartridge in a case of a sub -motorized assembly.

The ejection can also be triggered by the crossing of a pressure differential threshold upstream/downstream of the cartridge. In preferred embodiments, the method 100 thus includes a step 110 of measuring a pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cartridge and comparing this pressure difference with a predetermined limit value.

Regarding the filtration cartridge, it is, for example, a conventional filter, and/or a physico-chemical material containing an absorbent or an adsorbent or any other physico-chemical material having capture or filtration properties. .

The steps shown in broken lines in Figures 1 and 2 are optional steps.

It should be noted that FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 make it possible to visually illustrate an embodiment of the method 100 object of the invention by means of a device 300 object of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the device 300 which is the subject of the invention, in a configuration corresponding to a step 101 of automatic introduction, by gravity, of a cartridge 311 into a central filtration chamber 310 .

We observe, in FIG. 6, an embodiment of the device 300 in a corresponding configuration: - at the end of an automatic introduction step 101 and at the start of a filtration step 102 of effluents in a chamber 310 containing the cartridge 311 where

- at a stage of filtration 102 of effluents in a chamber 310 containing the cartridge 311. One observes, in FIG. 7, an enlarged view 333 of a part of the device 300 illustrated in FIG. 6.

One observes, in FIG. 8, an embodiment of the device 300 in a configuration following the ejection and the recovery of a cartridge 311 ejected in a case 318 of a lower motorized sub-assembly 303. During the 'introductory step 101, an upper actuator 307 present in the motorized upper sub-assembly 301, as illustrated in FIG. 5, performs a joint rotation of the upper rotating part 304 and of an upper rotating plate 308. axis of rotation is the axis A visible in FIG. 5. It is noted that the rotating upper part 308 supports a cylinder 306 containing the cartridge 311. The rotation of a part of the motorized upper sub-assembly 301 aligns the cylinder 306 containing the cartridge 311 with the filtration chamber 310 initially empty. The filtration chamber is included in a central subassembly 302. The cartridge 311 is then introduced into the filtration chamber 310 by gravity or using an active system following a downward vertical movement. When the cartridge 311 is entirely in the filtration chamber 310, the upper actuator 307 performs a rotation opposite to the rotation previously described. The reverse rotation also positions an upper lid on the filtration chamber 310 by crushing a gasket 329 between the lid 328 and the cartridge 311, as illustrated in FIG. 6. During the filtration stage 102, as illustrated in FIG. 1, an inlet effluent stream is introduced into a filter cartridge 311, as illustrated in FIG. 6, inserted into a filtration chamber

310 of a central sub-assembly 302, then circulates along the filter cartridge 311 according to a downward vertical flow. The circulation of the flow of effluents is represented, in FIGS. 6 and 7, by two arrows respectively at the inlet 324 and at the outlet 325 of the filtration chamber 310. The filter cartridge

311 filters contaminants from the effluent stream, so as to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the outlet effluent stream.

During the step 103 of measuring a dose rate specific to the cartridge, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a first sensor continuously measures the overall radiological dose rate of the cartridge. It should be noted that a dose rate is a physical quantity representative of a radiological activity. The radiological measurement is carried out continuously. The information intended for the user is displayed continuously with frequency and configurable refreshment. By default, the refresh is set to two seconds, a value that can be modified at any time by the user via a user interface. It is noted, in FIGS. 6 and 7, that the sensor for measuring an overall dose rate of the cartridge is present in the measurement, analysis and communication module 313 of the device 300. In variants, the first sensor measures, per programmed time period, the overall radiological dose rate of the cartridge. Preferably, the first sensor is collimated. In FIG. 7, the collimation window 337 of the measurement module 313 of the device 300 is observed. are simultaneous.

In some embodiments, the method 100 further comprises a step 104 of measuring a dose rate of the radiological atmosphere of the environment of the filtration chamber and of the sub- together by a third sensor. It is noted, in FIG. 6, that two sensors for measuring a dose rate of the radiological environment, 322 and 331, are present on the measurement module 313.

During the step 105 of acquisition of an activity spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge, an activity spectrum is acquired, in known manner, by a second sensor. It is noted, in FIGS. 6 and 7, that this second measurement sensor is present in the measurement, analysis and communication module 313 of the device 300.

During step 106, the calculation 106 of the overall radiological activity is defined by the application of a transfer function resulting from the rules of the art, considering the geometry of the system, the energy and the relative intensity of the radiation. At least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge is also calculated by applying a transfer function resulting from the rules of the art, considering the geometry of the system, the energy and the relative intensity of the radiation.

In some embodiments, a microcomputer 344 receives, processes and communicates the values measured by the sensors, thus allowing their transmission in real time to a communicating portable terminal. In embodiments, the values are filtered before being communicated. For example, a dynamic smoothing of the measurement with statistical adaptation is carried out. It is noted that the transmission is carried out by any means of transmission known to those skilled in the art, for example by wired or wireless connection. Preferably, the microcomputer 344 is shielded and/or is located in the measurement, analysis and communication module 313 of the device 300. During the step of comparison and triggering 107 of ejection 108 of the cartridge, such as Illustrated in FIG. 1, triggering is a function of the overall radiological activity measured and/or of at least one particular radiological activity. Preferably, the triggering 107 of the ejection 108 of the cartridge takes place when one of these calculated values exceeds a predetermined limit value.

In variants, the triggering 107 of the ejection 108 of the cartridge is carried out according to the comparison between the spectrum of activity of radioelements acquired and a predetermined spectrum. The predetermined spectrum is, for example, determined according to an individual radiological activity in predetermined radioelement. For example, the individual radiological activity in predetermined radioelements corresponds to a set value representative of the saturation of the cartridge in particular radioelements. In other words, the predetermined spectrum is representative of a saturated state of the cartridge with targeted radioelements. Thus, depending on a specifically targeted filtration of a radioelement present in the flow of contaminated effluents, the method 100 allows the triggering of the ejection 108 of the cartridge. In embodiments, the step of triggering 107 the ejection 108 of the cartridge is a function of a measured dose rate.

As described above, the method 100 may further comprise a step 110 of measuring the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge, the step of triggering 107 the ejection 108 of the cartridge also being a function of the crossing of a predetermined limit value by the measured pressure difference.

In embodiments, the step 107 of triggering the ejection 108 of the cartridge is also a function of the comparison between the measured evolution of the individual radiological activity of at least one radioelement and a theoretical evolution known as the “breakthrough curve”. This breakthrough curve is defined as follows: The abscissa is the time scale (whose unit is configurable by the user). The ordinate is a value which makes it possible to follow the evolution of the activity of the radioelement(s) of interest (value to be defined according to whether or not it is standardized to a reference system). It is noted that the breakthrough curve has a cut-off threshold also called “breakthrough point”. For example, a radiological activity of a radioelement greater than the cut-off threshold of the breakthrough curve triggers the ejection 108 of the cartridge. The limit value, or cut-off threshold, is determined by the theoretical characteristics of the sorbent used.

During a cartridge recovery step 109, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the ejected cartridge 311 is recovered, by gravity or using an active system, in a case 318 of a sub-assembly lower motorized sub-assembly 303, as represented in FIG. 8. The motor 319 present in the lower motorized subassembly 303 performs a rotation along the axis A of a part of the frame in order to align the recovery case 318 and the chamber filtration 310 comprising the cartridge 311 to be ejected. The cartridge 311 is recovered in the recovery case 318 following a downward vertical movement, with a trajectory parallel to the axis of rotation A and in the same direction.

In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 1, the method 100 further comprises a step 111 of capturing images of elements of the filtration system, for example of the filtration chamber and/or of the sub-systems. lower and upper sets, and for storing captured images. Preferably, the image capture step 111 is carried out by at least one camera which communicates and transmits the captured images remotely, to a communicating portable terminal configured to record the images captured and communicated by the camera.

Note that steps 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 111 and 107 are continuous and simultaneous.

In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 1, the method 100 further comprises a step 112 of drying the cartridge. The step 112 of drying the cartridge is upstream of the ejection of the cartridge but only if the ejection of the cartridge is triggered, when the overall radiological activity measured and/or at least one particular radiological activity exceeds a value predetermined limit or, optionally, that the pressure difference between upstream and downstream of the cartridge exceeds a predetermined limit value or that, for at least one radioelement activity, the activity spectrum of radioelements acquired exceeds a limit spectrum predetermined. In some embodiments, the drying step 112 is said to be “active”, ie the drying is carried out by connection to a drying circuit and/or by heating the filtration chamber. During the active drying step 112, the monitoring and control of the drying are carried out, for example, by measuring or estimating the residual moisture content. Thus, the residual effluents are evacuated. Preferably, the active drying step 112 is carried out by a drying circuit configured to continuously inject a gas stream, for example air, at the inlet 324 of the cartridge 311, as represented in FIG. 7. Even more preferably, the gaseous flow is preheated before being injected into the cartridge 311. For example, the gaseous flow injected is air heated to a temperature between 20°C and 100°C. In variants, the step 112 of active drying is a suction connected to the outlet 325 of the cartridge 311, as represented in FIG. 7, so as to suck the effluents coming from the cartridge 311. In variants, the step 112 of Active drying is carried out by heating the filtration chamber. For example, electric blankets are positioned around the filtration chamber. Preferably, the heating temperature of the filtration chamber is between 20°C and 200°C and, more preferably, between 20°C and 150°C.

It is noted that, during the active drying step by injection of a hot gas stream or by heating the filtration chamber, gases are emitted. The gases emitted are filtered, for example, by a THE type filter (acronym for “Very High Efficiency”), for example of the glove box type. The gas management device can be supplemented by a device of the safety valve type.

In other embodiments, the drying step 112 is called "passive", the drying being carried out by gravity draining. For example, during step 112 of passive drying, inlet 324 and outlet 325 of cartridge 311 are open with the vent protected by a filter (not shown).

In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 1, the method 100 further comprises a step 113 of automatic decontamination of the effluent circuit in at least one of the following elements: the central filtration chamber, the sub-assembly motorized upper sub-assembly or the motorized lower sub-assembly, by circulation of at least one chemical solution as a function of the values measured by the dose rate sensors.

We observe, in FIG. 2, schematically, an embodiment of the method 200 object of the invention. This process 200 for automatic cartridge filtration of contaminated effluents comprises steps 101 to 109 detailed with reference to FIG. 1, as well as the following steps:

- a step 114 for monitoring at least one absorbent present in the cartridge,

- a step 115 of determining at least one absorbent to be incorporated in a second cartridge according to the selectivity of each absorbent with respect to the chemical species and the radioelements to be retained in the cartridge and/or according to a comparison between the actual absorbent breakthrough curve and the theoretical absorbent breakthrough curve.

Steps 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 114, 115 and 107 are continuous and simultaneous.

During step 114 of monitoring at least one absorbent present in the cartridge, the measured values and the determined spectrum are monitored in real time in parallel with step 102 of filtration. It is noted that the values are measured and determined as described with regard to FIG. 1. The measured values and the determined spectrum are representative of the absorption efficiency of the absorbent present in the cartridge. During the step 115 of determining at least one absorbent to be incorporated in a second cartridge, the determination is based on the selectivity of each absorbent with respect to the chemical species and the radioelements to be retained in the cartridge, the selectivity and the the effectiveness being determined based on a comparison between the actual breakthrough curve of the absorbent and the theoretical breakthrough curve of the absorbent. It is noted that the targeted filtration and the preferential elimination of one or more radioelements from the stream of initially contaminated effluents conditions the determination of the absorbent of the cartridge. An example of an absorbent is Nickel Ferrocyanide for Cesium (Cs). It is noted that the use of an adsorbent is also possible. Of course, steps of the first embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 1 and steps of the second embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 2 can follow one another to form other embodiments of this method which is the subject of the invention. . Filter device

Figure 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the device 300 object of the invention. This device 300 for automatic cartridge filtration of contaminated effluents comprises:

- a means of automatic introduction, by gravity or using an active system, of a cartridge 311 into a central filtration chamber 310 through which these effluents pass. This introduction is made from a motorized sub-assembly 301, here in the upper position, the cartridge 311 being configured to carry out the filtration of these effluents,

- a means 320 for measuring the dose rate specific to the cartridge,

- a means 322 for measuring the ambient dose rate,

- a means 321 for acquiring a spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge,

- a means of triggering ejection of the cartridge by gravity or using an active system and recovery of the ejected cartridge in a case of a motorized sub-assembly, depending on the activity overall radiological activity and/or of at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge and/or of at least one measured dose rate, on the one hand, and of at least one predetermined limit value, of somewhere else. A microcomputer 344 preferably implements the calculating means and the triggering means. Optionally, the ejection of the cartridge is also triggered when the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cartridge crosses a predetermined pressure difference limit value.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of a device 300 object of the invention. This figure shows in perspective the device 300 also shown in Figure 3. In embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the means of automatic introduction by gravity or using an active system of a cartridge 311 and the upper sub-assembly 301 are combined.

Figure 9 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an upper sub-assembly of the device 300. In embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the upper sub-assembly 301 comprises:

- a pivoting upper part 304,

- a fixed upper part 305,

- a cylindrical tube 306,

- an upper actuator 307,

- a rotating upper plate 308 and

- an effluent inlet 324.

In embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the pivoting upper part 304, the cylindrical tube 306 and the effluent inlet 324 are arranged on the rotating upper plate 308.

In embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the parts 304, 306, 308 and 324 constitute an upper one-piece assembly rotating relative to the fixed part 305 around the axis A.

In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 9, the fixed upper part 305 is arranged between the lower portion of the upper actuator 307 and the pivoting upper part 304. In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 9, the upper actuator 307 comprises a motor coupled to a reduction gear thus forming a geared motor. Even more preferably, the geared motor is a brushless geared motor.

In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 5, the upper actuator 307 crosses the fixed upper part 305 and is connected to an upper central axis of rotation 342. Preferably, the central upper axis of rotation 342 corresponds to an axis of a rotating shaft. It is noted that the upper central axis of rotation 342 is incorporated in the upper pivoting part 304. Thus, the upper pivoting part 304 is guided on the fixed part 305 and driven (parallel to the axis A then in rotation around this axis A) by the central upper axis coupled to a system of mechanical cams. In embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the cylindrical tube 306 is configured to receive a new cartridge, the cylindrical tube 306 having an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the cartridge. Even more preferably, as shown in Figure 5, the cylindrical tube 306 is fitted to the cartridge 311. It is noted that the lower portion of the cylindrical tube 306 extends over the entire thickness of the upper rotating plate 308. The cylindrical tube 306 forms a cavity in the thickness of the rotating upper plate 308. In variants, the cylindrical tube 306 is surmounted by a carousel of loading tubes comprising at least one new cartridge. This carousel comprises a device for rotating the carousel around an axis parallel to axis A. For example, the carousel loading tubes include removable caps or an automatic hold-and-release system holding the new cartridge. In some embodiments, a support plate comprising a hole in line with the loading station makes it possible to drop the cartridge in the tube 306.

Note that the carousel is also similar to a barrel. Thus, the operator is freed from a step of loading the cartridge into the cylindrical tube 306. The automation of the device is therefore increased, thus limiting the duration of intervention by the operator when changing the cartridge. In embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the effluent inlet 324 is disposed on the upper rotating plate 308, forming a cavity in the thickness of the upper rotating plate 308. For example, the flow of effluent circulates through this inlet 324 in order to be injected into the cartridge 311 . Preferably, the effluent inlet 324 is a connector configured to be connected to an inlet of an effluent stream.

In embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, upper subassembly 301 is configured to open filtration chamber 310 and load cartridge 311 into filtration chamber 310. In embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper sub-assembly 301 is configured to close the filtration chamber 310. Preferably, the upper sub-assembly 301 is configured to perform, in stages and successively:

- an upward vertical movement allowing the opening of the filtration chamber 310,

- a "go" rotation followed by an introduction of the new cartridge 311 present in the cylindrical tube 306,

- a "return" rotation so that the upper sub-assembly 301 returns to an initial position before the “go” rotation,

- a downward vertical movement allowing the closure of the filtration chamber, with maintenance in position by controlled effort.

It is noted that the four steps previously described are partially or totally automatic. Preferably, these steps are performed by the action of at least one actuator 307 coupled to a rotation shaft with mechanical cams.

It is observed, in FIG. 5, that the cartridge 311 is introduced by gravity into the filtration chamber 310 from the motorized upper sub-assembly 301, according to a downward vertical movement parallel and coplanar with the axis A. Alternatively, the cartridge 311 is introduced using an active system in the filtration chamber 310.

It is observed, in FIG. 6, that the effluent inlet 324 and the upper plate 308 form the cover of the filtration chamber 310. The upper sub-assembly 301 is arranged on a central sub-assembly 302. Preferably, a connection by screws is made between the fixed part 305 of the sub-assembly 300 and the fixed upper plate 309 of the central sub-assembly 302.

In embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 6, the effluent filtration means is the central sub-assembly 302.

Figure 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the central sub-assembly 302 of the device 300. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 10, the central sub-assembly 302 comprises:

- a fixed upper plate 309,

- a 310 filtration chamber,

- a measurement, analysis and communication module 313,

- at least one column 312,

- a fixed lower plate 314,

- a 326 anchoring plate and

- at least one 327 hook.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 10, the upper fixed plate 309 and the lower fixed plate 314 are parallel, and intersected by the connecting columns 312 and the attachment plate 326. It is noted that the upper plate 309 is located on the upper part of the attachment plate 326 and the lower plate 314 is located on the lower part of the attachment plate 326. Preferably, the columns 312 are parallel and not coplanar. In FIG. 7, an enlarged view 333 of part of the device 300 illustrated in FIG. 6 can be seen.

In some embodiments, as represented in FIG. 10, the filtration chamber 310 is a single piece. In some embodiments, the internal wall of the chamber 310 is at least partially made of stainless steel, for example with the reference “stainless steel 316L” or “URANUS 45 N”.

In embodiments, the surface of the internal wall of the filtration chamber 310 is at least partially smooth so as to promote decontamination. Preferably, the roughness index, denoted Ra, of the surface is between 0.4 and 0.8, and even more preferably equal to 0.4. It is noted that a surface of the internal wall of the smooth filtration chamber 310 is obtained, for example, by polishing. Preferably, the polishing is electropolishing. Thanks to provisions, the flow of the flow of filtered effluents along the filtration chamber is facilitated. Thus, retention of contamination in filtered effluents is limited.

In embodiments, the filtration chamber 310 has an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the cartridge 311. It is noted that the internal diameter of the filtration chamber 310 is configured for, during the filtration of the flow of contaminated effluents , allow circulation of the flow of filtered effluents along the walls of the filtration chamber 310.

Figure 15 is a schematic view of one embodiment of cartridge 311. Note that the cartridge 311 is configured for the filtration of contaminated effluents. The cartridge 311 can have the same characteristics of materials stated above for the filtration chamber 310. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 15, the cartridge 311 comprises walls comprising through orifices, an introduction cylinder 340 of the contaminated effluent stream. The introduction cylinder 340 has through holes in contact with a filter medium.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 15, the cartridge comprises a filtering medium 339. It is noted that the choice of the filtering medium 339 included in the cartridge is made, for example, according to the nature of the flow of contaminated effluents to be treated. Preferably, the filtering medium further comprises mineral absorbents, for example natural or grafted zeolites with chemical species selective for the radioelement(s) of interest.

In embodiments, such as in FIG. 15, the cartridge 311 includes a gasket 329. The gasket 329 is configured to, during filtration, maintain a seal at the junction between the inlet 324 and the cylinder. filtration 340, as shown in Figure 7. Preferably the gasket 329 is flat.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 15, the cartridge 311 includes a removable cover 341. The removable cover 341 is configured to close the lower part of the cartridge 311, thus allowing its filling during the filtration of effluents contaminated.

In embodiments, as represented in FIGS. 6 and 7, in a configuration where the introduction of the cartridge 311 into the filtration chamber 310 is total, a retaining system keeps the cartridge stationary. Preferably, the restraint system includes an inflatable seal 330. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 7, the flow of contaminated effluent is injected into the cartridge 311 through the inlet 324. Then, the flow of effluent circulates along the introduction cylinder 340 and accumulates in the cartridge 311 . Note that in Figure 7, the circulation of the flow of effluents is shown schematically by arrows. When the introduction cylinder 340 is filled with contaminated effluent, the flow of contaminated effluent circulates through the through holes of the cylinder 340 and then circulates through the filtration medium 339. Then, the flow of effluent passing through the medium of filtration 339 leaves the cartridge 311 through the through holes included in the wall of the cartridge 311 . Then, the flow of filtered effluents circulates along the volume delimited by the wall of the cylinder 311 comprising the through holes and the internal wall of the filtration chamber 310, then accumulates at the bottom of the filtration chamber 310 and is evacuated. by exit 325.

Figures 12, 13 and 14 give a schematic view of a measurement module 313. The measurement module 313 is preferably also an analysis and communication module. In embodiments, the measurement module 313 includes shielding. Preferably, the shielding consists of a lead or steel type material. The minimum thickness of the shielding is calculated in such a way as to meet at least two objectives, to ensure the mechanical strength of the module 313 and to stop the beta radiation. The maximum shielding thickness is a function of the free dimensions available and the desired gamma radiation attenuation. For example, the armor thickness is 40 millimeters.

In embodiments, the measurement module 313 comprises:

- the sensor 320 for measuring the dose rate specific to the cartridge,

- the ambient dose rate measurement sensor 322,

- the sensor 321 for acquiring a spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge, and

- a 337 collimation window.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 14, the interior of the collimator delimited by the collimation window 337 includes the measurement sensor 320 and the spectrum acquisition sensor 321 and a microcomputer 344.

Preferably, the positioning of the sensors is outside the direct field of radiation.

Preferably, the collimation window 337 is sized so that the two sensors, 320 and 321, have a solid angle encompassing only the filtration cartridge. This solid angle is a particular geometry given to the shielding allowing the sensors to perform measurements only on the area of interest. In embodiments, the first sensor 320 measures a dose rate depending on the overall radiological activity. For example, the detectors are based on Silicon or Sodium Lodide. In some embodiments, the second sensor 321 is, for example, a “60 mm ³ gamma spectrometry CZT” reference crystal. In some embodiments, the microcomputer 344 comprises an electronic card for acquiring and centralizing information with a microprocessor. Preferably, this card comprises an external shield.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 3, the measurement sensors 320, 321, 322 and 331 are connected to a communicating portable terminal 323. Preferably, a communicating portable terminal comprises a control and command interface of the device 300. In some embodiments, the front face 334 of the module 313 comprises the measurement sensor 331 configured to measure the radiological environment and a collimation window 337.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 13, the rear face 335 of the module 313 comprises the measurement sensor 322 configured to measure a radiological environment and a box 332 comprising an Ethernet communication system.

Preferably, the sensors, 322 and 331, measure a dose rate representative of the radiological environment. Thus, according to the values measured by the sensors, 322 and 331, the estimation of the duration of intervention and the validation of the intervention of an operator near the device are carried out. Thus, operator safety is enhanced. It is noted that the front 334 and rear 335 faces of the measurement module are secured by at least one fastener 336 or 338. Preferably, the mass of the two front 334 and rear 335 faces is less than 25 kilograms.

It is observed in Figure 6 that the lower sub-assembly 303 is attached to the central sub-assembly 302 fixed. Preferably, a screw connection is made between the fixed part 317 of the subassembly 303 and the fixed bottom plate 314 of the central sub-assembly 302.

Figure 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a lower sub-assembly 303 of the device 300. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 11, the lower sub-assembly 303 comprises:

- a pivoting lower part 316,

- a fixed lower part 317,

- a 318 case,

- a lower actuator 319,

- a lower rotating plate 315, and

- an effluent outlet 325.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 11, the pivoting lower part 316, the case 318 and the effluent outlet 325 are arranged on the rotating lower plate 315.

In embodiments, as represented in FIG. 11, the parts 315, 316, 318 and 325 constitute a one-piece assembly rotating with respect to the fixed part 317 along the axis of rotation A. In embodiments, such as shown in Figure 11, the fixed lower part 317 is disposed between the upper portion of the lower actuator 319 and the lower pivoting part 316. In embodiments, as shown in Figure 11, the lower actuator 319 comprises a motor coupled to a reducer thus forming a geared motor. Even more preferably, the geared motor is a brushless geared motor.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 8, the lower actuator 319 passes through the fixed lower part 317 and is connected to a central lower axis of rotation 343. Preferably, the central lower axis of rotation 343 corresponds to a axis of a rotating shaft. It is noted that the central lower axis of rotation 343 is incorporated in the lower pivoting part 316. The lower pivoting part 316 is guided on the fixed part 317 and driven (parallel to the axis A then in rotation around this axis A) by the central lower axis coupled to a system of mechanical cams. In some embodiments, the retrieval case 318 of the cartridge 311 comprises at least partially a radiation occulting material. For example, the material is composed of a stainless steel, for example of reference "stainless steel 316L" or reference "URANUS 45 N". Thus, the operator recovers the cartridge 311 included in the shielded case 318 in a safe manner by reducing his exposure to radiation.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 11, the case 318 is configured to receive a contaminated cartridge. Preferably, the case 318 has an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the cartridge. Even more preferably, as shown in Figure 8, the case 318 is fitted to the cartridge 311. It is noted, in Figure 11, that the portion comprising the open section of the case 318 extends over the entire thickness of the lower rotating plate 315. In other words, the case 318 forms a cavity in the thickness of the lower rotating plate 315.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 11, the effluent outlet 325 is disposed on the lower rotating plate 315, forming a cavity in the thickness of the lower rotating plate 315. For example, the flow of filtered effluent flows through this outlet 325. Preferably, the effluent outlet 325 is a connector configured to be connected to an inlet of an effluent stream. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 6, the lower sub-assembly 303 is configured to close the filtration chamber 310.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 8, the lower sub-assembly 303 is configured to open the filtration chamber 310 and recover the cartridge 311 in the case 318. It is noted that an opening command of the filtration chamber 310 and cartridge recovery 311 is sent by the trigger means 345.

In embodiments, such as that represented in FIG. 3, the means 345 for triggering an ejection and recovery of the cartridge 311 is incorporated into the portable communicating terminal 323. The triggering means is, for example, an electronic component or software, configured to issue a positive command corresponding to a triggering action, as a function of the overall radiological activity measured and/or of the activity spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge 311. As described elsewhere, the ejection of the cartridge can, optionally, also be triggered when the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cartridge crosses a predetermined pressure difference limit value.

Preferably, following the command of the triggering means, the lower subassembly 303 is configured to perform, in stages and successively:

- a downward vertical movement allowing the opening of the filtration chamber 310,

- a “go” rotation allowing the alignment of the 318 case and the recovery of the contaminated 311 cartridge by gravity or using an active system,

- a "return" rotation so that the lower sub-assembly 303 returns to an initial position before the "go" rotation,

- a vertical movement allowing the closure of the filtration chamber, with maintenance in position by controlled effort.

It is noted that the four steps previously described are partially or totally automatic. Preferably, these steps are performed by the action of at least one actuator 319 coupled to a rotation shaft with mechanical cams.

It is observed, in FIG. 8, that the cartridge 311 is introduced by gravity or using an active system into the case 318 from the filtration chamber 310, according to a downward vertical movement parallel to the axis A In embodiments, the open top portion of the case 318 containing the cartridge 311 can be closed with a plug during replacement of the recovery case 318. Preferably, the extraction of the case 318 requires an upward vertical movement involving the positioning of the stopper. In some embodiments, the restraint system 330 previously described is also a release system. It is noted that the retention and release system is included in the upper portion of the filtration chamber 310. The system becomes a release system following a command from the trigger means 345. The release system releases the cartridge 311 then descending by gravity (or with the aid of an active system) into the recovery case 318. In embodiments, the parts of the device in direct contact with the flow of effluent are at least partially stainless steel. For example, stainless steel reference "inox 316L" or reference "URANUS 45 N" is used.

There is seen in Figures 16 and 17, a schematic view of a device 400 object of the invention. This device 400 for automatic cartridge filtration of contaminated effluents comprises:

- a device 300 previously described, further comprising a means of measuring the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge comprising two pressure sensors, 406 and 407 (see figure 17), it is noted that the first upper pressure sensor 406 is configured to measure the pressure of the flow of effluents at the cartridge inlet and that the second lower pressure sensor 407 is configured to measure the pressure of the flow of filtered effluents at the cartridge outlet,

- a 401 chassis,

- a 404 control-command system,

- a pump 403,

- a 405 tank,

- at least one solenoid valve, 402 and/or 409, and

- flexible pipes 408 and associated fittings, configured to allow the various connections and thus the circulation of the flow of effluents.

In embodiments, such as those represented in FIGS. 16 and 17, the frame 401 is configured to support the subassemblies, 301, 302 and 303, of the device 300. Preferably, the frame 401 is mechanically welded. It is observed, in Figures 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10, that the device 300 is secured to the frame 401 by the hooks 327 of the device 300. It is noted that the hook 327 is configured to be fixed to a frame or on a support, the hook 327 being adaptable according to the type of use of the device. In some embodiments, the control-command system 404 comprises an industrial programmable logic controller, also called PLC or PLC in English for “programmable logic controller”.

In some embodiments, the industrial programmable logic controller of the control-command system 404 receives the measurements captured in real time by the measurement module 313. It is noted that the industrial programmable logic controller is configured to parameterize the predetermined trigger values of cartridge ejection. Preferably, the industrial programmable logic controller is connected to a microprocessor and a computer control unit configured to configure and monitor the evolution of the filtration and cartridge change process using data visualization systems. It should be noted that the data displayed refer to the data measured previously described, such as an overall radiological activity, an individual radiological activity, a radiological atmosphere, a pressure difference between the inlet and outlet flow of the cartridge, or images captured by, for example, a camera.

In some embodiments, the information is displayed on a communicating portable terminal comprising an interactive man-machine interface. The communicating portable terminal is configured to communicate remotely and wirelessly in real time, with display on, for example, a smartphone, a tablet or a computer. Preferably, the man-machine interface comprises an input means, for example a keyboard and a mouse, configured to input the predetermined limit values. Thus, the piloting of the process, 100 or 200, can be carried out entirely remotely.

In embodiments, the pump 403 is a peristaltic pump with variable speed. frequency. In embodiments, tank 405 has a capacity of 50 liters.

In embodiments, at least one solenoid valve, 402 and/or 409, is three-way and therefore three-position. For example, it is noted that the first position corresponds to an effluent circulation, the second position allows an isolation of the valve corresponding to an interrupted circulation and the third position corresponds to a circulation of gas flow, for example of air, or of fluid (for example, for decontamination). Preferably the solenoid valves, 402 and 409, are controlled by a control-command system 404.

It can be seen, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17, that the device 400 is compact, facilitating routing in places that are difficult to access and also the assembly of devices 300 in parallel and/or in series. The command and control system 404 can control several devices 300 in parallel and/or in series.

In embodiments, the device 300 is a modular piece of equipment and the modules constituting the device 300 are manually transportable. Preferably, the modules have a unit mass of less than 25 kilograms.

In some embodiments, the footprint of the device 400 is less than one square meter.

Figure 18 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the device 500 object of the invention. It is noted that the device 500 comprises a filtration device 300 and an active drying device 501.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 18, the contaminated effluent circulation circuit is a closed circuit. Thus, a mono-filtration of the same flow of effluents is carried out and the concentration of pollutants in the contaminated effluents in the tank 405 decreases.

In some embodiments, the active drying device 501 is configured to dry the cartridge before its ejection by circulation of a gas flow. Note, in Figure 18, the circulation of the drying gas stream represented by arrows. A gas flow, such as an air flow, is sucked into the upper portion of the drying device 501 . The gas flow is then injected at the top of the cartridge, the three-way valve being in a “gas flow circulation” position. The gas flow circulating in the cartridge carries the effluent residues to the bottom of the cartridge. The residual gas stream and effluent mixture is then injected into the drying device 501 and then discharged into the lower portion of the drying device 501.

In variants, the drying of the cartridge of the device 500 is a passive drying.

In some embodiments, the device 500 comprises a control-command system 404. FIG. 19 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the device 600 which is the subject of the invention. It is noted that the device 600 comprises a filtration device 300, an active drying device 501 and a decontamination device 602.

In some embodiments, the decontamination device 602 is configured to decontaminate the parts of the device 600 contaminated by the pollutants of the effluents still present downstream of the filtration. In Figure 19, the flow of decontaminating solutions is represented by a hatched arrow.

In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 19, the decontaminating solution from the decontamination device 602 is injected into the system through the use of a three-way valve 601. Thus, the device 600 makes it possible to decontaminate, upstream of a second filtration, several parts having been in contact with the flow of contaminated effluents during a first filtration. It is specified that, during the decontamination, the device 600 does not include a cartridge. Preferably the valve 601 is a solenoid valve and is controlled by a control-command system 404. Even more preferably, the decontamination implemented by the decontamination device 602 of the device 600 is automatic and is triggered according to the overall radiological activity measured and/or the radiological environment measured.

Figure 20 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the system 700 object of the invention. The 700 automatic filtration system with contaminated effluent cartridges includes:

- at least two filtration devices 300,

- an active drying device 501, and

- a decontamination device 602.

In variants, the active drying device 501 is optional to the filtration system 700.

In embodiments, the two devices 300 of the system 700 are in parallel and only a single device 300 carries out the filtration of the flow of contaminated effluents.

In some embodiments, the system 700 comprises a control-command system 404. This system is configured to control the system 700 in particular according to the measured values. For example, when saturation with pollutants of the cartridge included in a first device 300 is detected, a “bypass” type command is sent to the system 700. This command corresponds to the deviation of the flow of effluents towards a second device 300. Next, a command to trigger ejection of the cartridge from the first device 300 is sent to the system 700. Thanks to provisions, the filtration system 700 makes it possible to carry out a filtration of an effluent flow continuously, without interrupting filtration when a cartridge change is necessary. Thus, the change of the cartridge is carried out in "hidden time", without impact on the duration of implementation of the filtration.

In variants, the two devices 300 of the system 700 are in parallel and the two devices 300 carry out the filtration of the flow of contaminated effluents in parallel. Thus, the filtration rate is increased. It is noted that the realization of the system 700 comprising devices 300 in parallel is carried out by a simple and rapid connection thanks to the modular character of the devices 300. It is also noted that this modular character makes it possible to adapt the spatial configuration of the devices 300 according to the special constraints inherent in the installation environment of the System 700.

Figure 21 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the system 800 object of the invention. The 800 automatic filtration system with contaminated effluent cartridges comprises at least two 300 filtration devices and/or 500 filtration systems.

In embodiments, the filtration devices 300 and/or filtration systems 700 of the system 800 operate in parallel. Thus, the general filtration rate is increased. Thus, the rate of filtration of contaminated effluents is increased.

In variants, the filtration devices 300 and/or filtration systems 700 of the system 800 operate in series. Thus, the 800 system allows successive and therefore staged filtration of effluents contaminated. Thus, more efficient filtration is achieved. In variants, the filtration devices 300 and/or filtration systems 700 of the system 800 operate in series-parallel.

In some embodiments, the filtration devices 300 and/or filtration systems 700 of the system 800 comprise cartridges comprising filtration media having different physico-chemical characteristics. Thus, the 800 system makes it possible to carry out selective filtration, for example, of a radioelement, at the level of each cartridge. Preferably, the means of the devices, 300, 400, 500 and/or 600, and the systems 700 and/or 800, are configured to implement the steps of the methods 100 and/or 200 and their embodiments as exposed above and the methods 100 and/or 200 as well as their various embodiments can be implemented by means of the devices, 300, 400, 500 and/or 600, and the systems 700 and/or 800.

Claims

1. Process (100, 200) for automatic cartridge filtration of contaminated liquid effluents, characterized in that it comprises:

- a step (101) of automatic introduction, by gravity or using an active system, of a cartridge into a central filtration chamber from a motorized sub-assembly,

- a step (102) for filtering effluents in the chamber containing the cartridge,

- a step (103) for measuring the dose rate specific to the cartridge,

- a step (104) for measuring the ambient dose rate,

- a step (105) for acquiring a spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge,

- a step (106) for calculating an overall radiological activity and at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge, according to the measured values and

- as a function of the overall radiological activity and of at least one radiological activity specific to a radioelement present in the cartridge and of at least one measured dose rate, on the one hand, and of at least one predetermined limit value associated with each calculated radiological activity value and at least one predetermined limit value associated with the dose rate, on the other hand, a step (107) for triggering an ejection (108) of the cartridge by gravity or using an active system and recovery of the cartridge ejected in a case of a motorized subassembly as soon as one of the calculated radiological activity values and/or the dose rate exceeds the limit value associated predetermined.

2. Method (100) according to claim 1, which further comprises a step of measuring (110) the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cartridge, the step of triggering the ejection ( 108) of the cartridge also being a function of the comparison between the measured pressure difference and a predetermined limit value.

3. Method (100, 200) according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which the step of triggering the ejection (108) of the cartridge is also a function of the comparison between the measured evolution of the activity particular to a radioelement present in the cartridge and a predetermined theoretical evolution called "breakthrough curve", the crossing of the predetermined limit value and/or of the breakthrough curve by this particular radiological activity triggering the ejection of the cartridge.

4. Method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, which further comprises a step (112) of drying the cartridge.

5. Method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, which further comprises a step (113) for triggering automatic decontamination of the effluent circuit in at least one of the following elements: the filtration chamber central unit, the motorized upper sub-assembly or the motorized lower sub-assembly, by circulating at least one chemical solution as a function of the overall radiological activity measured and/or of the radiological environment measured.

6. Method (200) according to one of claims 1 to 5, which further comprises:

- a tracking step (114) of at least one absorbent present in the cartridge and/or

- a step of determining (115) at least one absorbent to be incorporated into a second cartridge according to the selectivity of each absorbent with respect to the chemical species and the radioelements to be retained in the cartridge, the selectivity being determined according to a comparison between the actual breakthrough curve of the absorbent and the theoretical breakthrough curve of the absorbent.

7. Method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, which further comprises a step (110) of capturing images of elements of the filtration system and storing captured images.

8. Device (300, 400, 500, 600) for automatic cartridge filtration of contaminated effluents, characterized in that it comprises:

- a means of automatic introduction, by gravity or using an active system, of a cartridge (311) into a central filtration chamber (310) through which these effluents pass, from a sub-assembly motorized (301), the cartridge being configured to carry out the filtration of these effluents,

- a means (320) for measuring the dose rate specific to the cartridge,

- a means (322) for measuring the ambient dose rate,

- a means (321) for acquiring a spectrum of radioelements present in the cartridge,

- means (345) for triggering ejection of the cartridge by gravity or using an active system and recovery of the ejected cartridge in a case (318) of a motorized sub-assembly ( 303), depending on the overall radiological activity and at least one radiological activity particular to a radioelement present in the cartridge and at least one measured dose rate, on the one hand, and at least one value predetermined limit associated with each calculated radiological activity value and at least one predetermined limit value associated with the dose rate, on the other hand, as soon as one of the calculated radiological activity values and/or the dose rate exceeds the associated predetermined limit value.

9. Device (300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 8, which further comprises a system for retaining and releasing the cartridge (311) in the filtration chamber (310), this system for retaining and release having an inflatable seal (330).

10. Device (300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the recovery case (318) of the cartridge comprises at least partially a material obscuring radiation.

11. System (700, 800) for automatic filtration with contaminated effluent cartridges characterized in that it comprises at least two devices (300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of claims 8 to 10.

12. System (700, 800) according to claim 11, in which the devices (300, 400, 500, 600) are connected in parallel.