WO2023078293A1 - 用于药剂递送的电化学泵及其药剂递送装置 - Google Patents

用于药剂递送的电化学泵及其药剂递送装置 Download PDF

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WO2023078293A1
WO2023078293A1 PCT/CN2022/129246 CN2022129246W WO2023078293A1 WO 2023078293 A1 WO2023078293 A1 WO 2023078293A1 CN 2022129246 W CN2022129246 W CN 2022129246W WO 2023078293 A1 WO2023078293 A1 WO 2023078293A1
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electrochemical pump
electrically connected
electrolyte
electrodes
electrochemical
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PCT/CN2022/129246
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李柏颖
郑宗杰
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洁霺生医科技股份有限公司
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Priority to AU2022381167A priority Critical patent/AU2022381167A1/en
Publication of WO2023078293A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023078293A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
    • A61N1/303—Constructional details
    • A61N1/306—Arrangements where at least part of the apparatus is introduced into the body

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an electrochemical pump and a drug delivery device thereof for automatic delivery of drugs.
  • the electrode and the contact plate of the traditional electrochemical pump are usually located on the same side of the substrate, which leads to the problem that the connection structure material between the control circuit board and the electrode is inevitably corroded by the electrochemical electrolyte during the electrochemical reaction, which seriously affects the overall electrochemical performance. Operation and energy performance of the pump system.
  • the actuation mechanism of the electrochemical drug delivery medical device is mainly driven by the pressure of the generated gas, for example, using the pressure difference between the inside of the drug delivery device and the surrounding environment of the device to output the drug.
  • precise control of the pressure amplitude generated in the device requires advanced device structure (mechanism) design and electronic control device design.
  • the wrong design of the above structure and electronic control system may make it difficult to accurately control the amount of gas produced to accurately control a small amount of medicine and The purpose of stabilizing drug delivery rate.
  • the circuit board and power supply must also have The ability to output ultra-high output energy.
  • the lead part (Lead) between the contact plate and the electrode greatly increases the overall resistance impedance, which in turn seriously affects the energy loss from the power supply to the electrode, thus greatly reducing Pressure power output performance of an integral electrochemical pumping system.
  • the present application provides an electrochemical pump for drug delivery and a drug delivery device thereof.
  • the electrochemical pump includes: a substrate with a first surface, a second surface and a plurality of through holes, wherein the second surface has a plurality of contacts, and the through holes have conductive materials and are electrically connected to the A plurality of contacts; a plurality of electrodes, arranged on the first surface, and electrically connected to a plurality of contacts on the second surface through the conductive material in the plurality of through holes; an electronic device, arranged on the second surface and electrically connected to the contacts on the second surface; and a space for accommodating an electrolyte solution, which has an electrolyte solution and is adjacent to the first surface, so that the plurality of electrodes are in contact with the electrolyte solution.
  • the electrodes at least include an anode and a cathode.
  • the electrodes further include a reference electrode.
  • the electrodes further include a redundant electrode.
  • any of the electrodes is electrically connected to a plurality of contacts through a plurality of through holes.
  • the first surface is coated with a hydrophilic layer.
  • the space for accommodating the electrolyte is formed by adding a superabsorbent material to the first surface.
  • the superabsorbent material is a sponge.
  • the superabsorbent material is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylic acid, polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), PLA/PGA copolymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), and polymer fiber products made of the aforementioned materials.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • Pacrylic acid polyacrylic acid
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PGA polyglycolic acid
  • PLA/PGA copolymer PLA/PGA copolymer
  • PCL polycaprolactone
  • the space for accommodating the electrolyte is formed by attaching a gas-permeable film to the first surface, wherein the space for accommodating the electrolyte is sealed by the gas-permeable film.
  • the electronic device includes: a circuit board; an input port; and an output port.
  • the output port is electrically connected to the circuit board to the electrochemical pump substrate, one end of the input port is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the other end is an input port of a power supply.
  • the electronic device further includes a driving circuit component.
  • the electronic device includes a power supply.
  • the output port is electrically connected to the circuit board to the contacts
  • the power supply is electrically connected to the circuit board through the input port
  • the driving circuit component is electrically connected to the circuit board and On the other hand, it is electrically connected to the power supply.
  • the electronic device is detachable.
  • the present application provides a drug delivery device, comprising: a container for accommodating a drug, having a first opening and a second opening opposite to each other, wherein the first opening is an output port of the drug; a spacer, arranged between the two openings in the inner boundary of the container, and can slide freely along the wall of the container; and the electrochemical pump, placed in the second opening, so that the electrochemical pump is closely combined with the container to seal the second opening .
  • the container is a syringe, which may further include an injection needle disposed at the first opening.
  • the container is transparent or translucent.
  • the container is rigid or flexible.
  • the spacer is formed by a rubber stopper.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the electrochemical pump of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the drug delivery device of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a graph of the relationship between the flow rate of the electrochemical pump and the number of through holes.
  • Figure 4 is a graph of the total delivered volume of the electrochemical pump versus the number of through holes.
  • the terms “on”, “on”, “above”, or similar terms in this specification refer to a component that is in direct contact with another component (such as a substrate), but also refer to a component that is in direct contact with another component (such as a substrate). No direct contact.
  • the electrochemical pump 10 includes: a substrate 101 ; a space 102 for accommodating electrolyte; a plurality of electrodes 103 ; and an electronic device 104 .
  • the substrate 101 has a first surface 1011 , a second surface 1012 , a plurality of through holes 1013 , a plurality of conductive materials 1014 and a plurality of contacts 1015 .
  • the contacts 1015 are arranged on the side of the second surface 1012 where the through holes 1013 are located, and the through holes 1013 have a conductive material 1014, so that the components on the first surface 1011 and the second surface 1012 can be connected.
  • the above components are electrically connected.
  • the space 102 for accommodating the electrolyte is disposed on the first surface 1011 and has the electrolyte 1021 therein.
  • the electrodes 103 are disposed on the first surface 1011 , are in direct contact with the electrolyte solution 1021 , and are electrically connected to the conductive material 1014 in the through hole 1013 .
  • the electronic device 104 is disposed on the second surface 1012 and electrically connected to the contacts 1015 .
  • the two sides of the through hole 1013 can be electrically connected by filling the conductive material in the through hole 1013, coating the conductive material layer on the wall of the through hole, or inserting wires, etc., but the technical means should not be limited to this .
  • the vias 1013 and the conductive material 1014 therein can be completed by using the feedthrough technology widely used in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and integrated circuit (IC) packaging technology. This achieves a "wet" structure (that is, various structures on the first surface that are in direct contact with the electrolyte) and a “dry” structure (that is, various structures on the second surface that are in contact with the surface, such as electronic devices). Completely separated to avoid direct contact between the electrolyte and the electronic device to enhance the reliability of the overall device.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • IC integrated circuit
  • the contacts 1015 are a plurality of contact pads.
  • the space 102 for accommodating the electrolyte is formed by adding a superabsorbent material to the first surface, or by adding a gas-permeable film to the first surface.
  • the space 102 for accommodating the electrolyte is a superabsorbent material coated on the first surface 1011, and the electrolyte 1021 is made into a gel to keep the electrodes 103 and the electrolyte 1021 contact, and make these electrolytes not leak, and allow the gas produced to leave the space 102 for containing the electrolyte;
  • the electrolyte 1021 is a solution that can generate gas through the electrodes, such as water or electrolyte solution, but should not be limited here.
  • the superabsorbent material is a sponge.
  • the superabsorbent material is attached to the surfaces of the electrodes 103, and the superabsorbent material is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide ( PEO), polyacrylic acid, polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), PLA/PGA copolymer, and polycaprolactone (PCL).
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • PEO polyacrylic acid
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PGA polyglycolic acid
  • PLA/PGA copolymer PLA/PGA copolymer
  • PCL polycaprolactone
  • the number of the electrodes 103 is not less than three. More specifically, two of the electrodes 103 are used as an anode and a cathode. In order to have better electrochemical performance, the anode and cathode are arranged in a staggered comb-like electrode structure, and the other electrode is a reference electrode to avoid voltage decay, for example, because current flows in dilute acid solution, salt water and other ionic electrolytes. The resulting ohmic voltage. Voltage dips can affect the accuracy of drug delivery and must be avoided to obtain accurate potential measurements. If a fourth electrode or more electrodes are provided, the remaining electrodes are redundant electrodes. These redundant electrodes can avoid the inconvenience of repairing when an electrode suddenly fails.
  • any electrode 103 can be electrically connected to the electronic device 104 through a plurality of through holes 1013 .
  • the anode and the cathode each have 20 through holes.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a comparison of the electrochemical efficiency of electrodes with other designs, where the anode and cathode each have 20 vias (electrode and contact pads are on the opposite side, with 40 vias) compared to those without The electrode with through-hole design (the electrode and the contact pad are on the same side), the flow rate and the total delivery volume increase by about 30%; 2 through holes), the flow rate and total delivery volume also increased by about 20%.
  • the first surface 1011 and the electrodes 103 can be coated with a hydrophilic layer to improve electrochemical efficiency.
  • the coating materials include but are not limited to: polyvinylphenol (PVP), polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly Ethylene oxide (PEO), polysaccharides, proton exchange membranes (such as sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene, also known as Nafion), nanostructured metals, epoxy resins, and the aforementioned materials Manufactured polymer fiber products.
  • the coated hydrophilic layer is used to ensure that the first surface 1011 of the electrochemical pump 10 is hydrophilic, and gas can be continuously generated during the electrochemical reaction. Compared with conventional untreated electrodes, the coated electrodes can provide better gas solubility.
  • the inverted trapezoidal electrodes are processed by modified standard electron beam lithography or modified photolithography procedures with modified oxygen plasma treatment, modified reactive ion etching (RIE), modified deep reactive ion etching ( DRIE) or improved inductively coupled plasma (ICP).
  • the electrochemical efficiency can be enhanced by changing the shape of the electrodes.
  • the electrode 103 is made in the shape of an inverted trapezoid to generate a strong electric field and cause a larger amount of gas generation.
  • the hydrophilicity of the electrochemical pump 10 can be achieved by hydrophilic treatment, such as oxygen plasma treatment, chemical etching and mechanical friction.
  • the electronic device 104 is electrically connected to the contacts 1015 for providing power to the electrodes 103 and controlling the time and power of the electrochemical reaction.
  • the electronic device 104 is detachable and can be assembled and separated from other components of the electrochemical pump 10 .
  • the electronic device 104 includes: a circuit board 1041 ; an input port 1042 ; and an output port 1043 .
  • the output port 1043 is electrically connected to the circuit board 1041 to the contact point 1015 to control the electrodes 103 and further control the electrochemical pump 10 to generate gas.
  • One end of the input port 1042 is electrically connected to the circuit board 1041 , and the other end is an input port of a power source, which can be electrically connected to a power source to provide power for the electrochemical pump 10 .
  • the power supply can be an external power supply, or included in the electronic device 104 .
  • the electronic device 104 further includes a power source 1044 electrically connected to the input port 1042 .
  • the electronic device 104 further includes a driving circuit component to control the switching of the electronic device 104 .
  • the output port 1043 acts as a bridge between the electronic devices 104 and the remaining components of the electrochemical pump 10 .
  • the output port 1043 can be a micro connector, such as pogo pin.
  • the present application provides a drug delivery device 200 , comprising: a container, which is a syringe 20 ; and the electrochemical pump 10 .
  • the syringe 20 has a first opening 21 , a second opening 22 , and a spacer 23 .
  • the first opening 21 and the second opening 22 are opposite to each other.
  • the syringe 20 further has an injection needle 24 disposed on the first opening 21 .
  • the medicament delivery device 100 is small enough to deliver a small amount of medicament, wherein the volume of the syringe 10 is preferably on the order of microliter (0.1-500 microliter).
  • the medicament delivery device 100 can deliver medicaments with high concentration and large volume, wherein the volume of the syringe 20 is preferably on the order of milliliters (mL) (0.1-500 mL).
  • the spacer 23 is arranged in the syringe 20, and divides the syringe 20 into a first chamber 201 and a second chamber 202, the first chamber 201 is used to accommodate The medicament is placed, and the second chamber 202 is used to accommodate the space 102 for accommodating the electrolyte of the electrochemical pump and the electrolyte 1021 therein.
  • the container can be a syringe 20 made of transparent or translucent material, and the container, such as a syringe, can be rigid or flexible.
  • the syringe 20 is made of rigid materials, including but not limited to: glass (such as quartz, fused silica, soda lime, silicate and borosilicate), polymer/plastic (such as Polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), ethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic elastomer ( TPE) and parylene, cycloolefin polymer of COP or COC), rubber (natural rubber and rubber), colloid (epoxy resin, silicone and acrylic resin) and conductive polymer (polyfluorene, polybiphenyl compound, Polypyrene, polyazulene, polynaphthalene, polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline (PANI), polythi
  • the spacer 23 is a diaphragm.
  • the separator can be made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEPS), and polypara materials such as toluene, but the application is not limited thereto.
  • the spacer 23 can also be a blocking member, made of a rubber plug
  • the rubber plug can be made of rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), silicone (silicone), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEPS), and parylene and other materials.
  • the electrochemical pump 10 is arranged on the second opening 22 of the syringe, and the electrochemical pump 10 and the syringe 20 are closely combined to seal the second opening 22 to prevent the electrolyte 1021 contained therein from And the leakage of gas generated by the electrochemical pump 10 work. Therefore, if the electrolyte 1021 undergoes an electrochemical reaction to generate gas, the pressure of the second chamber 202 will be higher than the pressure of the first chamber 201, and the spacer 23 will move toward the first opening 21. Advance, and then output medicine. Therefore, the spacer 23 must be arranged to isolate the first chamber 201 and the second chamber 202 from each other, so as to prevent the electrolyte and the medicament from mixing.
  • the sealing method includes, but should not be limited to, using a gasket (such as an O-ring), sealing with an adhesive, or sealing with welding (such as ultrasonic, heat, or laser welding).
  • the electrochemical pump 10 is detachable.
  • the electrochemical pump 10 is non-detachable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供一种用于药剂递送的电化学泵及其药剂递送装置。其中，该电化学泵包括：一基板，具有一第一表面、一第二表面以及复数个通孔，其中该第二表面上具有复数个接点，该通孔中具有导电材料并电性连接该复数个接点；复数个电极，设置于该第一表面上，并通过该复数个通孔中的导电材料与第二表面上的复数个接点电性连接；一电子装置，设置于该第二表面上，并电性连接于该第二表面上的该些接点；以及一容置电解液的空间，其中具有电解液，且邻接该第一表面，使该复数个电极与该电解液接触。本申请也提供一种实施该电化学泵的药剂递送装置。

Description

用于药剂递送的电化学泵及其药剂递送装置 技术领域
本申请是关于一种电化学泵及其药剂递送装置，用于自动递送药剂。
背景技术
近来于制药业，电化学式泵用于递送治疗药剂的技术被认为是可进一步研发改进的领域。但传统上治疗药剂的递送所使用的电化学泵的设计存在缺陷仍待改善。例如，使用微电极结构的电化学泵其电解液的高阻抗与低局部电场，造成的高功率损耗；以及，较低的电极表面固态自由能，以上两者均造成的泵整体系统的高功率能耗的问题。
另，传统电化学泵的电极与接触板通常位于基板同一侧，导致控制电路板与电极的连接结构材料在电化学反应时不可避免地遭到电化学电解液腐蚀的问题，严重影响整体电化学泵系统的运作与能耗表现。
电化学式药剂递送医疗装置的作动机制主要是通过产生气体的压力来做为驱动的动力来源，例如：利用药剂输送装置的内部与装置周围环境之间的压力差，进而输出药剂。但，精准控制装置内产生的压力幅度需要先进的装置结(机)构设计与电控装置设计，以上结构与电控系统的错误设计可能导致难以精确控制气体的产生量达到精准控制少量药剂与稳定药物输送速度的目的。
另，当需要药剂递送装置输出超高速流速来驱动高黏稠度药剂时，该电化学装置的动力输出需要相应调高，使其具备输出超大驱动力的能力，因此，电路板与电源也必须具备输出超高输出能量的能力。对于接触板至电极间的同侧结构设计来说，接触板到电极中间的导线部(Lead)大幅度增加整体的电阻阻抗，进而严重影响能量由电源传递至电极间的能量损耗，因而大幅降低整体电化学泵系统的压力动力输出性能。
此外，当需要以皮下注射或肌肉注射递送大体积(如数毫升)高浓稠度的药剂时，为了避免注射速度过快造成病人疼痛的问题，因此 需时采取较温和的注射速度与稍久的注射时间，若采用人力来手动注射递送，不仅耗费人力，且亦难以精准控制药剂递送的速率来避免上述的疼痛问题。目前市面上自动递送的装置，多采用机械力(如弹簧)或以微型马达来做为驱动动力的来源，但由于弹簧或微型马达所引起的不稳定驱动力，可能会在注射过程中引起意想不到的疼痛，难以同时达到快速且稳定的递送速度。
因此，本领域亟需改进并解决上述问题，开发一种不会因为电极与导线板位于同侧造成腐蚀的电化学泵结构，同时降低阻抗增加大能量传输的效率、增加能量传输的控制精准度来减少疼痛，并兼具小体积的致动供药装置或方法。
发明内容
为达成创作的目的，本申请提供一种用于药剂递送的电化学泵及其药剂递送装置。其中，该电化学泵包括：一基板，具有一第一表面、一第二表面以及复数个通孔，其中该第二表面上具有复数个接点，该通孔中具有导电材料并电性连接该复数个接点；复数个电极，设置于该第一表面上，并通过该复数个通孔中的导电材料与第二表面上的复数个接点电性连接；一电子装置，设置于该第二表面上，并电性连接于该第二表面上的该些接点；以及一容置电解液的空间，其中具有电解液，且邻接该第一表面，使该复数个电极与该电解液接触。
于一实施例，该些电极至少包括一阳极及一阴极。其中该些电极另包括一参考电极。其中该些电极另包括一冗余电极。
于一实施例，其中该些电极其中任一通过复数个通孔电性连接复数个接点。
于一实施例，该第一表面涂布一亲水层。
于一实施例，该容置电解液的空间是由第一表面附加一超吸收材料所构成。
于一实施例，其中该超吸收材料为一海绵。
于一实施例，其中该超吸收材料为选自由下列组成的群的材料制成：聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚丙烯酸、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、PLA/PGA共聚物、聚己内酯(PCL)，以及由前述材料 所制造的高分子纤维制品。
于一实施例，该容置电解液的空间是由第一表面附加一透气膜所构成，其中该容置电解液的空间以该透气膜密封。
于一实施例，该电子装置包括：一电路板；一输入端口；和一输出端口。
于一实施例，该输出端口是将该电路板电性连接至该电化学泵基板，该输入端口一端电性连接至该电路板，另一端为电源的输入口。
于一实施例，该电子装置更包含一驱动电路构件。
于一实施例，该电子装置包括一电源。
于一实施例，该输出端口是将该电路板电性连接至该些接点，该电源是经由该输入端口电性连接至该电路板，以及该驱动电路构件是电性连接至该电路板并另一方面电性连接至该电源。
于一实施例，该电子装置为可拆卸式。
另一方面，本申请提供一种药剂递送装置，包括：一容器，容置一药剂，具有彼此相对的一第一开口和一第二开口，其中该第一开口为该药剂的输出口；一间隔件，设置于该容器内界于两开口间，可沿该容器壁自由滑动；以及该电化学泵，置于该第二开口，使该电化学泵与该容器紧密结合密封该第二开口。
于一实施例，该容器为一注射筒，可进一步包含一注射针头，设置于该第一开口。
于一实施例，该容器为透明或半透明。
于一实施例，该容器为刚性或具有可挠性。
于一实施例，该间隔件以一橡胶塞所构成。
附图说明
图1是本申请的电化学泵结构示意图。
图2是本申请的药剂递送装置的剖面图。
图3是电化学泵流速与通孔数量的关系图。
图4是电化学泵总递送体积与通孔数量的关系图。
附图标记说明
10电化学泵
101基板
1011第一表面
1012第二表面
1013通孔
1014导电材料
1015接点
102容置电解液的空间
1021电解液
103电极
104电子装置
1041电路板
1042输入端口
1043输出端口
1044电源
200药剂递送装置
20注射筒
201第一腔室
202第二腔室
21第一开口
22第二开口
23间隔件
24注射针头。
具体实施方式
本发明说明书及权利要求中所述的所有技术性及科学用语，除非另有所定义，皆为本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可知晓的定义。其中单数用语“一”、“一个”、“该”、或其近似用语，除非另有说明，皆可指涉多于一个对象。本说明书使用的“或”、“以及”、“和”，除非另有说明，皆指涉“或/和”。此外，用语“包含”、“包括”皆非有所限制的开放式连接词。前述定义仅说明用语定义的指涉而不应 解释为对本发明的限制。除非另有说明，本发明所用的材料皆为市售易于取得。
本说明书和权利要求所提及的序数，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于说明所揭示的组件，而非指称或表示组件之间具有任何执行次序，亦非指称或表示于一组件和另一组件之间的次序、或制程的步骤次序。该些序数仅用于使具有某命名的一组件得以和另一具有相同命名的组件能清楚区分。
另，本说明书用语“上”、“之上”、“上方”、或相似用语指涉一组件与另一组件(例如基板)直接接触，但亦指涉一组件与另一组件(例如基板)不直接接触。
实施例
如图1所示，本申请提供一种电化学泵10，该电化学泵10包括：一基板101；一容置电解液的空间102；复数个电极103；以及一电子装置104。
该基板101具有一第一表面1011、一第二表面1012、复数个通孔1013、复数个导电材料1014及复数个接点1015。该些接点1015设置于该些通孔1013位于该第二表面1012的一侧，且该些通孔1013内具有导电材料1014，因此可使该第一表面1011上的组件和该第二表面1012上的组件得以电性连接。该容置电解液的空间102设置于该第一表面1011之上，其中具有电解液1021。该些电极103设置于该第一表面1011，其与该电解液1021直接接触，并与该通孔1013内的导电材料1014电性连接。该电子装置104设置于该第二表面1012之上，并且与该些接点1015电性连接。
于本申请，可通过于通孔1013内填充导电材料、涂布导电材料层于通孔壁，或置入导线等方式使通孔1013两侧得以电性连结，然其技术手段应不限于此。于本申请，该些通孔1013与其中的导电材料1014可以通过使用在互补式金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)制程与集成电路(IC)封装技术中广泛使用的馈通(feedthrough)技术完成，由此达成“湿”结构(即第一表面上的各种结构，该结构与电解液直接接触)与“干”结构(即第二表面上与该面接触的各种结构，如电子装置)的完全分隔，避免电解液与电子装置的直接接触，以强化该整体装置的可靠性。
于一具体实施例，该些接点1015为复数个接触垫(contact pad)。
于本申请，该容置电解液的空间102为第一表面附加一超吸收材料(superabsorbent material)所构成，或第一表面附加一透气膜所构成。于一具体实施例，该容置电解液的空间102为一涂布于第一表面1011上的超吸收材料，将电解液1021制成凝胶状，以保持该些电极103与该电解液1021接触，且使该些电解液不致泄漏，并允许产生的气体离开该容置电解液的空间102；该电解液1021为经电极可产生气体的溶液，例如水或电解质溶液，但不应受限于此。
于一较佳实施例，该超吸收材料为一海绵。在另一具体实施例中，该超吸收材料被附加至该些电极103表面，该超吸收材料为选自由下列组成的群的材料制成：聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚丙烯酸、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、PLA/PGA共聚物和聚己内酯(PCL)。
于一较佳实施例，该些电极103的数量不小于3。更特定而言，该些电极103之二是用作为阳极与阴极。为了有较佳的电化学效能，阳极与阴极布置成一交错排列的梳状电极结构，而另一电极为参考电极，以避免电压衰退，例如因为在稀酸液、盐水等离子电解质中的电流流过所产生的奥姆电压。电压衰退可能影响药剂递送的准确度，故须避免以获得精确的电位测量。若设有第四电极或更多电极，该等剩余的电极则为冗余电极。该些冗余电极可以避免一电极发生突然失效时的修复的不便。
为了改善电化学效率，任一电极103皆可通过复数个通孔1013电性连接电子装置104。于一较佳实施例，阳极与阴极上各具有20个通孔。图3及图4显示其与其他设计的电极电化学效率的比较，其中阳极与阴极各具有20个通孔的设计(电极与接触垫位在对面侧，具有40通孔)相比于不具有通孔设计的电极(电极与接触垫位在同侧)，流速与总递送体积增加约30％；相比于阴极与阳极各仅有一通孔的设计(电极与接触垫位在对面侧，具有2通孔)，流速与总递送体积亦增加约20％。
该第一表面1011和该些电极103可涂布一亲水层，用以改进电化学效率，其涂布材料包括但不限于：像是聚乙烯苯酚(PVP)、聚丙烯酸 (PAA)、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、多醣类、质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane)(如磺化聚四氟乙烯(sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene，又称Nafion))、奈米结构金属、环氧树脂，以及由前述材料所制造的高分子纤维制品。
该涂布的一亲水层用于确保该电化学泵10的第一表面1011具有亲水性，于电化学反应时可连续地产生气体。与传统未处理的电极相比之下，该经涂布电极可以提供较佳的气体可溶性。
为了进一步强化该电化学效率，有效的是改变电极的几何。在某些具体实施例中，倒梯形的电极通过与改进氧电浆处理的改进标准电子射束微影术或改进光微影术程序、改进反应离子蚀刻(RIE)、改进深反应离子蚀刻(DRIE)或改进感应耦合电浆(ICP)的方式制成。另一方面，该电化学效率可通过改变该电极的形状而加强。于一具体实施例，该电极103制成为倒梯形的形状，以产生强烈电场并引起更大量的气体产生。于另一具体实施例，该电化学泵10的亲水性可利用亲水处理达成，像是氧电浆处理、化学蚀刻与力学摩擦。
该电子装置104电性连接该些接点1015，用于向该些电极103提供电力并控制其产生电化学反应的时间及功率。于一较佳实施例，该电子装置104组态为可拆卸式，可与该电化学泵10的其余组件组装及分离。
于一具体实施例，该电子装置104包括：一电路板1041；一输入端口1042；和一输出端口1043。
该输出端口1043是将该电路板1041电性连接至该接点1015，以控制该些电极103，进而控制该电化学泵10产生气体。该输入端口1042其中一端电性连接至该电路板1041，另一端为电源的输入口，可电性连接至一电源，以提供该电化学泵10电力。该电源可为一外接电源，或包含于该电子装置104中。
于一实施例，该电子装置104更包括一电源1044，该电源1044电性连结至该输入端口1042。
于一较佳实施例，该电子装置104更包含一驱动电路构件，以控制该电子装置104的开关。
据此，该输出端口1043做为该等电子装置104与该电化学泵10 其余组件之间的电桥。该输出端口1043可为一种微型连接器，如弹簧针(Pogo pin)。
如图2所示，本申请提供一种药剂递送装置200，包括：一容器，为一注射筒20；和该电化学泵10。
该注射筒20具有一第一开口21，一第二开口22，和一间隔件23。该第一开口21和该第二开口22彼此相对。
于一较佳实施例，该注射筒20进一步具有一注射针头24，其设置于该第一开口21。
于一实施例，该药剂递送装置100够微小以能递送微量的药剂，其中该注射筒10的体积较佳地为微升(microliter)量级(0.1-500microliter)。
于另一实施例，该药剂递送装置100能递送高浓稠度、大体积的药剂，其中该注射筒20肢体积较佳地为毫升(mL)量级(0.1-500mL)。
根据本申请的实施例，该间隔件23设置于该注射筒20内，并将该注射筒20分隔为一第一腔室201和一第二腔室202，该第一腔室201用于容置该药剂，以及该第二腔室202用于容纳该电化学泵的容置电解液的空间102及其内的电解液1021。
根据本申请的实施例，该容器可为一注射筒20，由透明或半透明材料制成，以及该容器，例如一注射筒，可为刚性或具有可挠性。较佳地，该注射筒20是刚性材料所组成，其材料包括但不限于：玻璃(例如石英、熔融二氧化硅、碱石灰、硅酸盐及硼硅酸盐)、聚合物/塑料(例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)、聚乳酸(PLA)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)及聚对二甲苯、COP或COC的环烯烃聚合物)、橡胶(天然橡胶与橡胶)、胶体(环氧树脂、硅胶和丙烯酸树脂)与传导聚合物(聚芴、聚联苯化合物、聚芘、聚薁、聚萘、聚吡咯(PPY)、聚苯胺(PANI)、聚噻吩(PT)、聚(3、4-乙撑二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)、聚对苯硫(PPS)、聚乙炔(PAC)及聚苯并乙烯(PPV))。
于本实施例，该间隔件23是一隔膜(diaphragm)。该隔膜可由热塑性弹性体(TPE)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物(SEPS)、及聚对二甲苯等材料构成， 但本申请不限于此。但于另一实施例，该间隔件23亦可为一阻档件，以一橡胶塞所构成，该胶塞可由橡胶、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)、硅胶(silicone)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物(SEPS)、及聚对二甲苯等材料构成。
于本申请，该电化学泵10设置于该注射筒的第二开口22，并使该电化学泵10与该注射筒20紧密结合密封该第二开口22，避免容纳于其内的电解液1021以及该电化学泵10工作所产生的气体外漏。是以，该电解液1021若受电化学反应，而产生气体，将导致该第二腔室202的压力高于该第一腔室201的压力，并使该间隔件23朝该第一开口21推进，进而输出药剂。故该间隔件23的设置须使该第一腔室201和该第二腔室202彼此隔离，以免电解液和药剂混合。该密封方法包括使用垫片(如O形环)、使用黏着剂密封，或利用焊接(如超音波、热或雷射焊接)密封，但应不限于此。
于一实施例，该第二开口22密封后，该电化学泵10为可拆卸式。
于另一实施例，该第二开口22密封后，该电化学泵10为不可拆卸式。
于本说明书实施例揭示的内容，本发明所属领域的技术人员可明显得知前述实施例仅为例示而非限制；本领域技术人员可通过诸多变换、替换而实施，并不与本发明的技术特征有所差异。依据说明书实施例，本发明可有多种变换仍无碍于实施。本说明书提供的权利要求限定本发明的范围，该范围涵盖前述方法与结构及与其相等的创作。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电化学泵，包括：
    一基板，具有一第一表面、一第二表面以及复数个通孔，其中该第二表面上具有复数个接点，该通孔中具有导电材料并电性连接该复数个接点；
    复数个电极，设置于该第一表面上，并通过该复数个通孔中的导电材料与第二表面上的复数个接点电性连接；
    一电子装置，设置于该第二表面上，并电性连接于该第二表面上的所述接点；以及
    一容置电解液的空间，其中具有电解液，且邻接该第一表面，使该复数个电极与该电解液接触。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中所述电极至少包括一阳极及一阴极。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电化学泵，其中所述电极另包括一参考电极。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电化学泵，其中所述电极另包括一冗余电极。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中所述电极其中任一通过复数个通孔电性连接复数个接点。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中该第一表面涂布一亲水层。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中该容置电解液的空间是由第一表面附加一超吸收材料所构成。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电化学泵，其中该超吸收材料为一海绵。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电化学泵，其中该超吸收材料为选自由下列组成的群的材料制成：聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚丙烯酸、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、PLA/PGA共聚物、聚己内酯(PCL)，以及由前述材料所制造的高分子纤维制品。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中该容置电解液的空间是由第一表面附加一透气膜所构成，其中该容置电解液的空间以该透气膜密封。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中该电子装置包括：一电路板；一输入端口；和一输出端口。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电化学泵，其中该电子装置更包括一驱动电路构件。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电化学泵，其中该电子装置包括一电源。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电化学泵，其中该输出端口是将该电路板电性连接至所述接点，该电源是经由该输入端口电性连接至该电路板，以及该驱动电路构件是电性连接至该电路板并另一方面电性连接至该电源。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，其中该电子装置为可拆卸式。
  16. 一种药剂递送装置，包括：
    一容器，用于容置一药剂，具有彼此相对的一第一开口和一第二开口，其中该第一开口为该药剂的输出口；
    一间隔件，设置于该容器内界于两开口间，能够沿该容器壁自由滑动；以及
    如权利要求1所述的电化学泵，置于该第二开口，使该电化学泵与该容器紧密结合密封该第二开口。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其中该容器为一注射筒。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的装置，该注射筒包含一针头，设置于该第一开口。
  19. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其中该容器为透明或半透明。
  20. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其中该容器为刚性或具有可挠性。
  21. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其中该间隔件以一橡胶塞所构成。
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