WO2023077743A1 - 电池箱、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池箱、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023077743A1
WO2023077743A1 PCT/CN2022/088978 CN2022088978W WO2023077743A1 WO 2023077743 A1 WO2023077743 A1 WO 2023077743A1 CN 2022088978 W CN2022088978 W CN 2022088978W WO 2023077743 A1 WO2023077743 A1 WO 2023077743A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cavity
hole
battery box
blocking member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/088978
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚鹏程
薛丹月
陈兴地
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023077743A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077743A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery box, a battery and an electrical device.
  • a rechargeable battery (referring to a battery that can be activated by charging the active material after the battery is discharged and continues to be used, also known as a secondary battery, referred to as a battery in this paper) includes a battery box and a series battery located in the battery box. and/or a plurality of battery modules combined in parallel, wherein each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells combined in series and/or in parallel.
  • a battery cell is the smallest unit that provides an energy source in a battery.
  • the battery cell is, for example, a lithium ion battery cell, which mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode for charging and discharging.
  • an object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery box, a battery and an electrical device to improve the safety of the battery.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery box, which includes a box body and a box cover constituting an accommodation cavity.
  • the box body includes: a bottom wall; a side wall with an inner hole, an outer hole and a first cavity.
  • the outer hole is arranged on the outer wall of the side wall, the first cavity communicates with the housing cavity through the inner hole, and communicates with the outside of the box through the outer hole;
  • the hole is closed, and the blocking member can be in an open state by being impacted by air pressure, so as to communicate the accommodating cavity with the first cavity.
  • the battery box of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a path for the supply gas to be discharged from the battery box to the outside of the battery box, so that the pressure and heat in the battery box can be quickly released when the battery is thermally out of control, and the air pressure in the battery box can be effectively prevented. If the value is too high, the safety of the battery is improved, and on the other hand, it also limits the entry of material debris from the first cavity into the containing cavity. Therefore, when the battery box of the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the battery, it can effectively avoid damage to the inside of the battery caused by material debris entering the receiving chamber during vibration and impact, and improve the safety of the battery.
  • the blocking member is sheet-shaped and has a score, including a first part and a second part, the first part is fixedly connected to the inner wall, and the second part can be separated from the first part after being torn along the score by the impact of air pressure .
  • the blocking member can close the inner hole, thereby restricting material debris from entering the accommodation cavity from the first cavity.
  • the second part of the air pressure impact sealing part will be torn from the first part along the score and then separated, so that the sealing part is in an open state, so that the accommodating cavity and the first part are separated.
  • the cavity is connected.
  • the production process of the blocking member is simple and the production cost is low.
  • the score is in the shape of a closed figure, the first portion is located outside the score, and the second portion is located inside the score.
  • the air pressure impacts the blocking member. Since the first part is fixedly connected to the side wall, the second part will tear along the notch and the first part, and then separate and enter into the first cavity.
  • the notch is any one of circular, elliptical or polygonal.
  • the score is in the shape of a non-closed figure, and both ends of the score extend to the edge of the occluder.
  • the notch is in any one of a straight line, a curved line, a broken line or an arc.
  • the blocking member is sheet-shaped and has a score, including a first part and a second part, the first part is fixedly connected to the inner wall, and the second part can be torn from the first part along the score and folded after being impacted by air pressure rise.
  • the notch can be torn under a certain air pressure impact, so that only a part of the second part is separated from the first part, and the second part is folded away from the containing cavity, so that the first part and the first part are folded away.
  • An opening is formed between the second parts to allow air flow to pass through, so that the blocking member is in an open state.
  • the notch is any one of a semi-closed circle, a semi-closed ellipse, or a semi-closed polygon.
  • the blocking member includes: a fixing part having a through hole and a plunger located in the through hole, the fixing part is fixedly connected to the inner wall, and the plunger can move along the through hole to disengage from the through hole under the impact of air pressure.
  • the plunger In the normal state of the blocking member, the plunger is located in the through hole and is kept in the through hole by the friction force between the two, and the blocking member seals the inner hole.
  • the air pressure impacts the plunger, causing the plunger to overcome the friction force and break away from the through hole and enter the first cavity, so that the sealing member is in an open state, and the receiving cavity communicate with the first cavity.
  • the closure comprises a plastic closure or a metal closure.
  • the blocking member is glued, thermocompressed or locked with a fastener to the side wall.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery, including: the battery box of any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electric device, comprising: the battery of any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a disassembled structure of a battery box according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the battery box of some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a blocking member in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a top structural view of a box body of a battery box according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the box along the C-C direction of Fig. 5 in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the box along the D-D direction of Fig. 5 in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a blocking member in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a blocking member in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a blocking member in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a disassembled structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • plural refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the main structure of the battery includes a battery box and a plurality of battery modules combined in series and/or in parallel within the battery box.
  • the battery box includes a box body and a box cover. After the box cover is closed on the box body, it forms an accommodating chamber together with the box body.
  • a battery module mainly includes a plurality of battery cells combined in series and/or in parallel.
  • a battery cell is the smallest unit that provides an energy source in a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery cell.
  • the side wall of the battery box adopts a cavity structure, that is, the side wall of the box does not adopt a solid plate structure, but is designed to be hollow.
  • the cavity of the hollow structure is the cavity, which not only enhances the mechanical strength of the box, but also obtains a lighter weight than the solid plate structure with the same strength.
  • the thermal runaway of the battery is caused by the fact that the heat generation rate of the battery is much higher than the heat dissipation rate, and a large amount of heat is accumulated and not dissipated out of the battery in time.
  • the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery will cause the decomposition of the solid electrolyte interphase film (Solid Electrolyte Interphase, SEI) of the negative electrode, the decomposition of the active material of the positive electrode, and the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte due to the high temperature in the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery, thereby generating a large amount of If the gas cannot be discharged in time to release the pressure inside the battery, the battery will explode, which will seriously threaten the safety of people and property.
  • SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
  • a pressure relief structure is designed on the battery box body, such as a related structure that enables gas to be discharged from the containing cavity through the mold cavity to the outside of the battery box.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure noticed that in the manufacturing process of the battery box, such as cutting raw materials (such as various profiles with cavities) or machining raw materials (such as drilling holes on the inner or outer walls of profiles)
  • the operation generates a large amount of material debris which tends to become lodged in the cavity.
  • the material debris in the cavity of the box body when the box body is an aluminum material box body, the material debris is, for example, Aluminum filings
  • the material debris is, for example, Aluminum filings
  • the inventor Based on the above considerations, in order to improve the safety of the battery, the inventor provides a battery box, a battery and an electrical device after intensive research.
  • the side wall of the battery box body adopts a mold cavity structure, and an inner hole communicating with the accommodating cavity and the first mold cavity is opened on the inner wall of the side wall, and an inner hole communicating with the first mold cavity is opened on the outer wall of the side wall.
  • the outer hole of the cavity and the external environment of the box body, and the inner hole is provided with a blocking member, which closes the inner hole under normal conditions (that is, the pressure in the chamber is not higher than the pressure threshold), and can be subjected to air pressure.
  • the impact (the pressure in the housing chamber is higher than the pressure threshold) makes it in an open state, thereby communicating the housing chamber with the first mold cavity, and then connecting the housing chamber with the external environment of the box body.
  • the cavity that communicates with both the inner hole and the outer hole is called the first cavity
  • the cavity that is not connected with the inner hole is called the second cavity. Since the second cavity is not a necessary structure and does not communicate with the inner hole, even if there is material debris in the second cavity, it will not enter into the receiving cavity. Therefore, the second cavity is not the focus of the inventors of the present disclosure.
  • the inner hole, the outer hole, the first cavity, and the plugging member in the open state provide a path for supply gas to discharge from the inside of the battery box to the outside of the battery box, so that the pressure and pressure accumulated in the battery box can be quickly released when thermal runaway occurs. heat.
  • the blocking member closes the inner hole under normal conditions, and can limit material debris from entering the accommodation cavity from the first cavity. Therefore, the design of the embodiments of the present disclosure can effectively avoid damage to the interior of the battery by material debris, thereby improving the safety of the battery, and in addition, prolonging the service life of the battery.
  • the battery containing the battery box and the electric device containing the battery can also obtain corresponding technical effects.
  • the batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be power batteries or energy storage batteries.
  • the application scenarios of power batteries include but are not limited to vehicles, ships, aircraft, spacecraft, electric tools, electric toys, various mobile terminals and so on.
  • Application scenarios of energy storage batteries include but are not limited to solar power generation systems, hydroelectric power generation systems, wind power generation systems, and so on.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the specific type of the vehicle 1000 is not limited, for example, a new energy electric vehicle, which includes a battery 100 , a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the battery 100 can supply power to each electric module of the whole vehicle, for example, supply power to the controller 200, the motor 300, the control system and the air conditioner (not shown in the figure).
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery box 10 , including a box body 11 and a box cover 12 constituting an accommodating chamber 113 .
  • the box body 11 includes a bottom wall 111 , a side wall 112 and a blocking member 118 .
  • the side wall 112 has an inner hole 114, an outer hole 115 and a first cavity 116, the inner hole 114 is located on the inner wall of the side wall 112, and the outer hole 115 is located on the outer wall of the side wall 112.
  • a mold cavity 116 communicates with the accommodating cavity 113 through the inner hole 114 , and communicates with the external environment of the box body 11 through the outer hole 115 .
  • the blocking member 118 is arranged at the inner hole 114 and closes the inner hole 114.
  • the blocking member 118 can be in an open state by being impacted by air pressure, so as to connect the receiving cavity 113 with the first cavity 116, and then connect the receiving cavity 113 to the tank.
  • the external environment of the body 11 is communicated.
  • the main functions of the box body 11 include: carrying and installing the battery module, connecting with other structures of the electrical device, realizing mechanical protection of the contents, and so on.
  • the box 11 can be a die-cast aluminum box or a sheet metal box.
  • the main functions of the box cover 12 include: realizing the dustproof and sealing of the battery box 10, mechanically protecting the contents of the battery box 10, and so on.
  • the case cover 12 can adopt sheet metal case cover or composite material case cover etc.
  • the bottom wall 111 of the box body 11 is located at the bottom of the box body 11, and the side wall 112 of the box body 11 forms an angle of approximately 90 degrees with the bottom wall 111 and surrounds the bottom wall.
  • the wall 111 circles to form an open accommodation space together with the bottom wall 111 .
  • the box cover 12 is closed on the box body 11 , the box cover 12 and the box body 11 together form a closed accommodation cavity 113 .
  • the accommodating chamber 113 is mainly used for accommodating a plurality of battery modules combined in any one of series, parallel, or hybrid (ie, both series and parallel).
  • the side wall 112 of the box body 11 adopts a cavity structure, and the structure of the side wall 112 has a hollow cavity. In this way, not only the mechanical strength of the box body 11 is enhanced, but also a lighter weight can be obtained compared with a solid plate structure with the same strength.
  • the specific structural form and molding method of the cavity structure of the side wall 112 are not limited.
  • the sidewall 112 can be welded by a plurality of frame bodies 117 each having a cavity, for example, a plurality of frame bodies 117 having a cavity are sequentially arranged along the height direction. Welded.
  • Each frame body 117 may form its cavity through an extrusion process.
  • the cavities of some frame bodies 117 (the two sub-cavities 1160 shown in the figure) can communicate with each other after welding, thereby forming a larger hollow space, such as forming the first cavity 116 .
  • the first cavity 116 is a cavity that contributes to the release of gas pressure in the battery case 10 .
  • the sub-cavity 1160 is the smallest division unit of the first cavity 116 , and the first cavity 116 may include one sub-cavity 1160 , or include multiple sub-cavities 1160 interconnected.
  • the side wall can also include the second cavity 1161, because the inner hole 114 is not opened on the frame body 117 where these second cavity 1161 are located, therefore, even if these second cavity Chips of material falling from the cavity 1161 will not enter the accommodating cavity 113 .
  • the frame body 117 is, for example, a substantially rectangular frame body.
  • the inner hole 114 is opened on the frame body 117 and communicates with the first cavity 116 .
  • the outer hole 115 can be opened on any side of the rectangle, not limited to the position shown in the figure.
  • the structure of the side wall 112 is not a single-layer plate, but includes an inner wall and an outer wall separated by some hollow cavities, wherein the inner wall can be understood as the close accommodation of the side wall 112
  • the wall surface on one side of the chamber 113 is directly exposed to the housing chamber 113
  • the outer wall can be understood as the wall surface of the side wall 112 away from the housing chamber 113
  • the outer wall is part of the exterior surface of the box body 11 .
  • the battery box 10 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a part of the main structure of the battery, and an exhaust structure that can discharge gas out of the battery box 10 is also designed for thermal runaway.
  • the inner hole 114 is the hole located on the inner wall of the side wall 112
  • the outer hole 115 is the hole located on the outer wall of the side wall 112
  • the first cavity 116 communicates with the housing cavity 113 through the inner hole 114
  • the outer hole 115 communicates with the outside of the box body 11 .
  • the blocking member 118 closes the inner hole 114 under normal conditions, and can limit material debris from entering the accommodation cavity 113 from the first cavity 116 .
  • the air pressure impacts the blocking member 118 to open it, thereby communicating the accommodating cavity 113 with the first cavity 116 .
  • the inner hole 114, the plugging member 118, the first cavity 116 and the outer hole 115 serve as an exhaust structure, providing a path for the supply gas to be discharged from the inside of the battery box 10 to the outside of the battery box 10, so that it can be released quickly when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the battery box 10 of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a path for the supply gas to be discharged from the battery box to the outside of the battery box, so that the pressure and heat accumulated in the battery box can be quickly released when thermal runaway occurs, and the safety of the battery is improved. On the other hand, it also limits the entry of material debris from the first cavity into the receiving cavity. Therefore, the battery box of the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to a battery, which can effectively avoid damage to the inside of the battery by material debris and improve the safety of the battery.
  • the blocking member 118 is sheet-shaped and has a score 1180 , including a first part 1181 and a second part 1182 , the first part 1181 and the side wall 112
  • the inner wall of the second part 1182 is fixedly connected, and the second part 1182 can be separated from the first part 1181 after being torn along the notch 1180 by the impact of air pressure.
  • the blocking member 118 is in the shape of a sheet, that is, in the shape of a sheet or a thin plate. Score refers to the line mark formed on the sheet with a tool such as a knife, which is thinner than other areas. As shown in FIG. 4 , since the thickness of the notch 1180 is relatively thin, the structure is relatively weak. When the second part 1182 is impacted by a certain external force, it will be torn apart from the first part 1181 at the notch 1180 .
  • the first part 1181 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side wall 112 , and the connection methods include, but are not limited to, adhesive bonding, thermal compression connection, or locking with fasteners such as screws.
  • the notch 1180 can be torn until broken under the impact of a certain air pressure, so that the second part 1182 is completely separated from the first part 1181 . It can be understood that since the gas pressure on the blocking member 118 is directed away from the containing cavity 113 , the second part 1182 will fall into the first cavity 116 after being separated from the first part 1181 . The structure of the blocking member 118 is destroyed after opening.
  • the blocking member 118 can close the inner hole 114 under normal conditions, thereby restricting material debris from entering the accommodation cavity 113 from the first cavity 116 .
  • the second part 1182 of the air pressure shock blocking member 118 is torn from the first part 1181 along the score 1180 and then separated, so that the sealing member 118 is in an open state, thereby The accommodating cavity 113 is communicated with the first cavity 116 . Therefore, the design of the battery box in the embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively solve the technical problems in the related art and improve the safety of the battery.
  • the production process of the blocking member is simple, and the production cost is also low.
  • the area where the notch 1180 is located should face the opening area of the inner hole 114 .
  • the overall shape of the blocking member 118 and the shape of the notch 1180 are not specifically limited.
  • the overall shape of the blocking member 118 can be, for example, designed as a circle or a polygon (such as a square) or the like.
  • the score 1180 is in the shape of a closed figure, the first part 1181 is located outside the score 1180 , and the second part 1182 is located inside the score 1180 .
  • a closed graphic shape is, for example, a graphic shape without endpoints such as a circle, a polygon (such as a square), or an ellipse.
  • the inner side of the notch 1180 is the inner area defined by the closed graphic shape, and the outer side of the notch 1180 is the outer area defined by the closed graphic shape.
  • the notch 1180 may also be in the shape of a non-closed figure, and both ends of the notch 1180 extend to the edge of the blocking member 118 .
  • the shape of the notch 1180 is, for example, any one of straight line, curved line, broken line or arc shape, and its open figure shape is relative to the aforementioned closed figure shape. It can be seen from the figure that the blocking member 118 can still be divided into a first part 1181 and a second part 1182 by the notch 1180 .
  • the air pressure impacts the blocking member 118, and since the first part 1181 is fixedly connected to the side wall 112, the second part 1182 will be formed along the score 1180 with the first part 1181. The tearing, and subsequent separation, enters the first cavity 116 .
  • the blocking member 118 is sheet-shaped and has a score 1180 , including a first part 1181 and a second part 1182 , and the first part 1181 is used for fixed connection with the inner wall of the side wall 112 , the second part 1182 can be torn from the first part 1181 along the notch 1180 by the impact of air pressure, and then folded.
  • the notch 1180 can be torn under a certain air pressure impact, so that the first There is only a partial separation between the second part 1182 and the first part 1181, and the second part 1182 is folded away from the accommodating cavity 113 (no notch is provided at the fold line), so that an opening is formed between the first part 1181 and the second part 1182, allowing Air flow passes, therefore, the blocking member 118 is in an open state.
  • the shape of the notch 1180 is not limited, for example, any one of a semi-closed circle, a semi-closed ellipse, or a semi-closed polygon (eg, a semi-closed square). Wherein, the semi-closed shape is relative to the aforementioned closed figure shape.
  • the blocking member 118 can also be designed to include: a fixing part 83 having a through hole 830 and a plunger 84 located in the through hole 830, the fixing part 83 is used for connecting with the side The wall 112 is fixedly connected, and the plunger 84 can be impacted by air pressure and move along the through hole 830 to disengage from the through hole 830 .
  • the fixing part 83 can be fixedly connected with the inner wall of the side wall 112 , so as to fix the blocking member 118 on the side wall 112 and realize the installation of the blocking member 118 .
  • the shape of the plunger 84 is adapted to the shape of the through hole 830, but the specific shape is not limited, for example, the plunger 84 is a cylindrical plunger.
  • the plunger 84 In the normal state of the blocking member 118 , the plunger 84 is located in the through hole 830 and is held in the through hole 830 by the friction force between the two, and the blocking member 118 blocks the inner hole 114 .
  • the air pressure impacts the plunger 84, so that the plunger 84 overcomes the friction force and breaks away from the through hole 830 and enters the first cavity 116, so that the sealing member 118 is in the In the open state, the accommodating cavity 113 is communicated with the first cavity 116 . Therefore, the solution of this embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively solve the technical problems in the related art and improve the safety of the battery.
  • the area where the through hole 830 is located should be directly opposite to the opening area of the inner hole 114 on the side wall 112 .
  • the first cavity 116 of the side wall 112 of the box body 11 may include one sub-cavity 1160 , or may include multiple sub-cavities 1160 connected thereto. Wherein, for example, each sub-cavity 1160 is correspondingly formed in one of the aforementioned frame bodies 117 .
  • these sub-cavities 1160 can be connected through structural design, for example, connected in sequence, so that the airflow can be quickly dispersed into these sub-cavities 1160 through the blocking member 118, It then escapes to the external environment through the outer hole 115 of the side wall 112 .
  • the first cavity 116 includes a plurality of connected sub-cavities 1160 (for example, 2 shown in the figure), and the multiple sub-cavities 1160 are arranged in sequence along a direction away from the bottom wall 111 , and each sub-cavity 1160 surrounds the accommodating cavity 113 for a week.
  • the inner hole 114 can be opened on two adjacent frame bodies 117 of the side wall 112 (as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 ), so as to directly communicate with the two sub-cavities 1160 .
  • the inner hole 114 can also be opened on one of the frame bodies 117 of the side wall 112 so as to directly communicate with a sub-cavity 1160 .
  • the material type of the sealing member 118 is not limited, for example, it may be a plastic sealing member or a metal sealing member, as long as it can meet the strength required by the structure and is durable.
  • the material of the plastic sealing member mainly includes plastic, such as polycarbonate (PC) or polystyrene (PS) and the like.
  • the material of the metal blocking member mainly includes metal, such as aluminum, copper, or aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • the specific connection method between the blocking member 118 and the side wall 112 is not limited, for example, the blocking member 118 and the side wall 112 may be bonded, thermocompressed or locked by fasteners.
  • Bonding is to arrange glue on the contact surface of the blocking member 118 and the side wall 112, so that the two are bonded by glue.
  • Hot pressing is a process of applying a certain pressure to a material heated to a molten state to bond the material to another object.
  • Fastener locking is to use screws or bolt assemblies to lock the blocking member 118 to the side wall 112, for example, to connect the blocking member 118 to the side wall 112 through the bolt assembly passing through the first part 1181 of the blocking member 118 and the side wall 112. The walls 112 are locked.
  • a battery 100 is also provided, including the battery box 10 of any one of the above embodiments, and multiple batteries combined in series and/or in parallel within the battery box 10 .
  • a battery module 20 is also provided, including the battery box 10 of any one of the above embodiments, and multiple batteries combined in series and/or in parallel within the battery box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may be a power battery or an energy storage battery applied to various electric devices. Since the above-mentioned design of the battery box 10 can bring about the above-mentioned beneficial effects, the safety of the battery 100 is significantly improved.
  • an electric device 2000 is also provided, including the battery of any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electrical device 2000 may be any of the aforementioned electrical devices requiring a battery, such as an electrical device or an energy storage device. Since the safety of the battery 100 is significantly improved, the safety of the electric device 2000 is correspondingly improved.
  • the battery box 10 provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure includes a box body 11 and a box cover 12 constituting an accommodating cavity 113 .
  • the box body 11 includes a bottom wall 111 , a side wall 112 and a blocking member 118 .
  • the side wall 112 has an inner hole 114, an outer hole 115 and a first cavity 116, the inner hole 114 is arranged on the inner wall of the side wall 112, the outer hole 115 is arranged on the outer wall of the side wall 112, and the first cavity 116 is connected with the inner hole 114.
  • the receiving cavity 113 communicates with the outside of the box body 10 through the outer hole 115 .
  • the blocking member 118 is disposed at the inner hole 114 and closes the inner hole 114 , and the blocking member 118 can be opened under the impact of air pressure to connect the accommodating cavity 113 with the first cavity 116 .
  • the blocking member 118 is sheet-shaped and has a score 1180 in the shape of a closed figure, including a first part 1181 outside the score 1180 and a second part 1182 inside the score 1180.
  • the first part 1181 is fixed to the inner wall of the side wall 112 Connected, the second part 1182 can be separated from the first part 1181 after being torn along the score 1180 by the impact of air pressure.
  • the blocking member 118 closes the inner hole 114 under normal conditions, and can limit material debris from entering the accommodation cavity 113 from the first cavity 116 .
  • the battery box of the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to a battery, which can effectively avoid damage to the inside of the battery by material debris and improve the safety of the battery.

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Abstract

一种电池箱、电池及用电装置。电池箱包括构成容纳腔的箱体（11）和箱盖（12），箱体包括：底壁（111）；侧壁（112），具有内孔（114）、外孔（115）和第一型腔（116），内孔（114）设于侧壁（112）的内壁，外孔（115）设于侧壁（112）的外壁，第一型腔（116）通过内孔（114）与容纳腔连通，并且通过外孔（115）与箱体（11）外连通；以及封堵件（118），设于内孔（114）处并将内孔（114）封闭，封堵件（118）能够受气压冲击而处于开启状态，以将容纳腔与第一型腔（116）连通。

Description

电池箱、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2021年11月08日递交的名称为“电池箱、电池及用电装置”的第202122724274.3号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池箱、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
在相关技术中，充电电池(指在电池放电后可通过充电的方式使活性物质激活而继续使用的电池，又称二次电池，本文简称为电池)包括电池箱以及位于电池箱内的通过串联和/或并联方式组合的多个电池模块，其中，每个电池模块包括通过串联和/或并联方式组合的多个电池单体。电池单体是电池中提供能量来源的最小单元。电池单体例如为锂离子电池单体，其主要依靠锂离子在正极和负极之间移动来进行充放电。
如何改善电池的安全性，一直是本领域技术人员研发的关键课题。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少解决相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的一个目的在于提出一种电池箱、电池及用电装置，以改善电池的安全性。
本公开第一方面的实施例提供一种电池箱，包括构成容纳腔的箱体和箱盖，箱体包括：底壁；侧壁，具有内孔、外孔和第一型腔，内孔设于侧壁的内壁，外孔设于侧壁的外壁，第一型腔通过内孔与容纳腔连通，并且通过外孔与箱体外连通；以及封堵件，设于内孔处并将内孔封闭，封堵件能够受气压冲击而处于开启状态，以将容纳腔与第一型腔连通。
本公开实施例的电池箱，一方面，提供了供气体从电池箱内向电池箱外排出的路径，从而可以在电池发生热失控时快速释放电池箱内的压力和热量，有效防止电池箱内气压过高，提高电池的安全性，另一方面，还限制了材料碎屑从第一型腔进入到容纳腔内。因此，本公开实施例的电池箱应用于电池，可以有效避免材料碎屑在振动冲击过程中进入到容纳腔而对电池内部造成的破坏，提高电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，封堵件呈片状且具有刻痕，包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与内壁固定连接，第二部分能够受气压冲击而沿刻痕与第一部分撕裂后分离。
封堵件在常态下可以将内孔封闭，从而限制材料碎屑从第一型腔进入到容纳腔内。当电池箱内压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击封堵件的第二部分沿刻痕与第一部分撕裂并继而分离，使封堵件处于开启状态，从而将容纳腔与第一型腔连通。封堵件的制作工艺简单，制作成本较低。
在一些实施例中，刻痕呈封闭图形形状，第一部分位于刻痕的外侧，第二部分位于刻痕的内侧。
当电池箱内压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击封堵件，由于第一部分与侧壁是固定连接的，因此第二部分会沿刻痕与第一部分产生撕裂、继而分离后进入到第一型腔内。
在一些实施例中，刻痕呈圆形、椭圆形或多边形中的任意一种。
在一些实施例中，刻痕呈非封闭图形形状，并且刻痕的两端延伸至封堵件的边缘。
在一些实施例中，刻痕呈直线形、曲线形、折线形或弧线形中的任意一种。
在一些实施例中，封堵件呈片状且具有刻痕，包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与内壁固定连接，第二部分能够受气压冲击而沿刻痕与第一部分撕裂后折起。
通过合理设计刻痕的薄弱程度，可以使刻痕在一定气压冲击下撕裂，从而使第二部分与第一部分之间只有一部分分离，第二部分背向容纳腔折起，这样，第一部分和第二部分之间形成一开口，允许气流通过，使封堵件处于开启状态。
在一些实施例中，刻痕呈半封闭的圆形、半封闭的椭圆形或半封闭的多边形中的任意一种。
在一些实施例中，封堵件包括：具有通孔的固定部及位于通孔内的柱塞，固定部与内壁固定连接，柱塞能够受气压冲击而沿通孔移动至脱离通孔。
封堵件在常态下，柱塞位于通孔内并且通过两者之间的摩擦力保持在通孔内，封堵件将内孔封堵。当电池箱内的压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击柱塞，使柱塞克服摩擦力而脱离通孔并进入到第一型腔内，从而封堵件处于开启状态，将容纳腔与第一型腔连通。
在一些实施例中，封堵件包括塑料封堵件或金属封堵件。
在一些实施例中，封堵件与侧壁粘接、热压连接或者通过紧固件锁接。
本公开第二方面的实施例提供了一种电池，包括：前述任一实施例的电池箱。
由于电池箱的上述设计能够带来上述的有益效果，因此电池的安全性得到显著提升。
本公开第三方面的实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括：前述任一实施例的电池。
由于电池的安全性得到显著提升，因此用电装置的安全性得到相应提升。
上述说明仅是本公开技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本公开的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本公开的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本公开的具体实施方式。
附图说明
在附图中，除非另外规定，否则贯穿多个附图相同的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件或元素。这些附图不一定是按照比例绘制的。应该理解，这些附图仅描绘了根据本公开公开的一些实施方式，而不应将其视为是对本公开范围的限制。
图1为本公开一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本公开一些实施例的电池箱的拆分结构示意图；
图3为本公开一些实施例的电池箱的箱体的拆分结构示意图；
图4为本公开一些实施例中封堵件的结构示意图；
图5为本公开一些实施例的电池箱的箱体的俯视结构图；
图6为本公开一些实施例中箱体沿图5的C-C向的截面结构示意图；
图7为本公开一些实施例中箱体沿图5的D-D向的截面结构示意图；
图8本公开一些实施例中封堵件的结构示意图；
图9本公开一些实施例中封堵件的结构示意图；
图10本公开一些实施例中封堵件的结构示意图；
图11为本公开一些实施例的电池的拆分结构示意图；以及
图12为本公开一些实施例的用电装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1000-车辆；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；10-电池箱；11-箱体；
12-箱盖；20-电池模块；111-底壁；112-侧壁；113-容纳腔；114-内孔；
115-外孔；116-第一型腔；1160-子型腔；1161-第二型腔；117-框架体；
118-封堵件；1180-刻痕；1181-第一部分；1182-第二部分；83-固定部；830-通孔；
84-柱塞；2000-用电装置。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本公开技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本公开的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本公开的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本公开的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本公开；本公开的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本公开实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本公开实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本公开的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本公开实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本公开实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本公开实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开实施例的限制。
在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介 间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开实施例中的具体含义。
电池的主要结构包括电池箱以及位于电池箱内的通过串联和/或并联方式组合的多个电池模块。电池箱包括箱体和箱盖，箱盖盖合于箱体后与箱体共同构成容纳腔。电池模块主要包括通过串联和/或并联方式组合起来的多个电池单体。电池单体是电池中提供能量来源的最小单元，例如为锂离子电池单体。
为了提高电池箱的机械强度、使电池箱轻量化，相关技术中，电池箱的箱体的侧壁采用型腔构造，即，箱体的侧壁并不是采用实心板结构，而是设计为中空结构，中空结构的腔体即为型腔，这样不但使得箱体的机械强度得到加强，而且相比同等强度下的实心板结构，可以获得更轻的重量。
电池的热失控是由于电池的生热速率远高于散热速率，且热量大量累积而未及时散发到电池外所引起的。以电池为锂离子电池为例，锂离子电池在热失控中由于高温会导致负极的固体电解质界面膜(Solid Electrolyte Interphase，SEI)分解、正极的活性物质分解和电解液的氧化分解，从而产生大量气体，使电池内部气压急剧升高，如果不能及时将气体排出、释放电池内部的压力，将引起电池爆炸，进而严重威胁到人身和财产的安全。如今，随着动力电池尺寸和容量的不断增加，热失控释放出的气体往往也会成倍的增加。因此，电池使用的安全性一直是本领域技术人员的研究重点。
在一些相关技术中，针对上述热失控问题，在电池箱的箱体上设计了泄压结构，例如使气体能够从容纳腔经过型腔排放到电池箱外部的相关结构。
本公开的发明人注意到，在电池箱的制造过程中，诸如裁切原材料(例如带有型腔的各种型材)或对原材料进行机械加工(例如在型材的内壁或外壁上钻孔)的操作会产生大量材料碎屑，这些材料碎屑容易存留在型腔中。在包括这种电池箱的相关技术的电池在测试、运输或使用过程中，受振动冲击，箱体的型腔内的材料碎屑(当箱体为铝材箱体时，材料碎屑例如为铝屑)很可能会通过开孔进入到电池箱的箱体内部。一旦这些材料碎屑进入到箱体内部，甚至进入到电池模块的内部，将对电池带来严重的破坏，还会带来极大的安全隐患。
因此，在考虑热失控排气泄压的前提下，如何防止材料碎屑进入到箱体内部，也是本公开发明人考虑的重点内容。
基于以上考虑，为了改善电池的安全性，发明人经过深入研究，提供了一种电池箱、电池和用电装置。
在本公开提供的实施例中，电池箱的箱体的侧壁采用型腔构造，在侧壁的内壁开设连通容纳腔和第一型腔的内孔，在侧壁的外壁开设连通第一型腔和箱体外部环境的外孔，并且，在内孔处设置了封堵件，该封堵件在常态下(即容纳腔内压力不高于压力阈值)将内孔封闭，并且能够受气压冲击(容纳腔内压力高于压力阈值)而处于开启状态，从而将容纳腔与第一型腔连通，继而将容纳腔与箱体外部环境连通。
在本文中，为便于区分，将与内孔、外孔均连通的型腔称为第一型腔，将与内孔不连通的型腔称为第二型腔。由于第二型腔不是必须结构且不与内孔连通，因此第二型腔内即使有材料碎屑也不会进入到容纳腔内，故，第二型腔不是本公开发明人关注的重点。
内孔、外孔、第一型腔以及处于开启状态的封堵件提供了供气体从电池箱内向电池箱外排出的路径，从而可以快速释放在发生热失控时在电池箱内积聚的压力和热量。封堵件在常态下将内孔封闭，可以限制材料碎屑从第一型腔进入到容纳腔内。因此，本公开实施例的设计可以有效避免材料碎屑对电池内部造成的破坏，从而提高电池的安全性，此外，还有利于延长电池的使用寿命。
基于上述电池箱的技术效果，包含该电池箱的电池以及包含该电池的用电装置也可以获得相应的技术效果。
本公开实施例中公开的电池可以为动力电池或储能电池。其中，动力电池的应用场景包括但不限于车辆、船舶、飞行器、航天器、电动工具、电动玩具，各类移动终端等等。储能电池的应用场景包括但不限于太阳能发电系统、水力发电系统、风力发电系统，等等。
如图1所示，为本公开一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。该车辆1000的具体类型不限，例如为新能源电动汽车，其包括电池100、控制器200和马达300。电池100可以为整车的各个用电模块供电，例如，为控制器200、马达300、以及操控系统和空调等(图中未示出)供电。
如图2所示，本公开一些实施例提供了一种电池箱10，包括构成容纳腔113的箱体11和箱盖12。其中，箱体11包括了底壁111、侧壁112和封堵件118。如图2至图7所示，侧壁112具有内孔114、外孔115和第一型腔116，内孔114设于侧壁112的内壁，外孔115设于侧壁112的外壁，第一型腔116通过内孔114与容纳腔113连通，并且通过外孔115与箱体11的外部环境连通。封堵件118设于内孔114处并将内孔114封闭，封堵件118能够受气压冲击而处于开启状态，以将容纳腔113与第一型腔116连通，继而将容纳腔113与箱体11的外部环境连通。
箱体11的主要功能包括：承载和安装电池模块，与用电装置的其它结构连接，实现对内容物的机械保护，等等。箱体11可以为压铸铝箱体或者钣金箱体等。箱盖12的主要功能包括：实现电池箱10的防尘与密封，对电池箱10的内容物进行机械保护，等等。箱盖12可以采用钣金箱盖或者复合材料箱盖等。
以电池的通常使用状态作为方位参考，如图2所示，箱体11的底壁111位于箱体11的底部，箱体11的侧壁112与底壁111大致呈90度夹角并且围绕底壁111一圈，从而与底壁111共同形成一敞口的容纳空间，当箱盖12盖合于箱体11后，箱盖12与箱体11共同形成一封闭的容纳腔113。该容纳腔113主要用于容纳以串联、并联、或者混联(即，既有串联又有并联)中任一一种方式组合的多个电池模块。
如图5、图6和图7所示，箱体11的侧壁112采用型腔构造，侧壁112的结构具有中空的腔体。这样，不但使得箱体11的机械强度得到加强，而且相比同等强度下的实心板结构，可以获得更轻的重量。
在本公开实施例中，对于侧壁112的型腔构造的具体结构形式和成型方式不限。例如，如图6和图7所示，在一些实施例中，侧壁112可以由多个分别具有型腔的框架体117焊接而成，例如多个具有型腔的框架体117沿高度方向依次焊接而成。每个框架体117可以通过挤压工艺形成其型腔。一些框架体117的型腔(如图中所示的两个子型腔1160)在焊接后可以相互连通，从而形成更大的中空空间，例如形成第一型腔116。
在本公开实施例中，第一型腔116是对于电池箱10内气体压力释放有贡献的型腔。子型腔1160是第一型腔116的最小划分单元，第一型腔116可以包括一个子型腔1160，或者包括多个相互连通的子型腔1160。
当然，例如图6和图7中所示，侧壁还可以包括第二型腔1161，由于内孔114不开在这些第二型腔1161所在的框架体117上，因此，即使这些第二型腔1161内掉落材料碎屑也不会进入到容纳腔113内。
框架体117例如为大致呈长方形的框架体，内孔114开设在框架体117上并且与第一型腔116连通，外孔115可以开设在长方形的任意一个边，不限于图中所示位置。
由于侧壁112采用了型腔构造，因此，侧壁112的结构并不是单层板，而是包括被一些中空腔体间隔开的内壁和外壁，其中，内壁可以理解为侧壁112的靠近容纳腔113的一侧的壁面，内壁直接曝露在容纳腔113中，外壁可以理解为侧壁112的远离容纳腔113的一侧的壁面，外壁作为箱体11的外观表面的一部分。
本公开实施例提供的电池箱10作为电池主要结构的一部分，还针对热失控设计了可以将气体排出电池箱10外的排气结构。
内孔114即为设于侧壁112的内壁上的孔，外孔115即为设于侧壁112的外壁上的孔，第一型腔116通过内孔114与容纳腔113连通，通过外孔115与箱体11的外部连通。封堵件118在常态下将内孔114封闭，可以限制材料碎屑从第一型腔116进入到容纳腔113内。当电池箱10内的压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击封堵件118使其开启，从而将容纳腔113与第一型腔116连通。
内孔114、封堵件118、第一型腔116和外孔115作为排气结构，提供了供气体从电池箱10内向电池箱10外排出的路径，从而可以快速释放在发生热失控时在电池箱10内积聚的压力和热量。
本公开实施例的电池箱10，一方面，提供了供气体从电池箱内向电池箱外排出的路径，从而可以快速释放在发生热失控时在电池箱内积聚的压力和热量，提高电池的安全性，另一方面，还限制了材料碎屑从第一型腔进入到容纳腔内。因此，本公开实施例的电池箱应用于电池，可以有效避免材料碎屑对电池内部造成的破坏，提高电池的安全性。
如图2、图3和图4所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，封堵件118呈片状且具有刻痕1180，包括第一部分1181和第二部分1182，第一部分1181与侧壁112的内壁固定连接，第二部分1182能够受气压冲击而沿刻痕1180与第一部分1181撕裂后分离。
封堵件118呈片状，即呈薄片状或者薄板状。刻痕是指使用刀具等工具在片材上形成的厚度薄于其它区域的线痕。如图4所示，由于刻痕1180的厚度较薄，因此结构也较为薄弱，当第二部分1182受到一定外力的冲击时，会与第一部分1181在刻痕1180处撕裂断开。
第一部分1181与侧壁112的内壁固定连接，连接方式例如包括但不限于，通过胶体粘接、通过热压连接，或者通过螺钉等紧固件锁接等。
在该实施例中，通过合理设计刻痕1180的薄弱程度，可以使刻痕1180在一定气压冲击下撕裂直至断开，从而使第二部分1182与第一部分1181完全分离。可以理解的，由于封堵件118所受气体压力是背向容纳腔113的，因此，第二部分1182在与第一部分1181分离后将落入第一型腔116内。封堵件118在开启后结构被破坏。
封堵件118在常态下可以将内孔114封闭，从而限制材料碎屑从第一型腔116进入到容纳腔113内。当电池箱10内压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击封堵件118的第二部分1182沿刻痕1180与第一部分1181撕裂并继而分离，使封堵件118处于开启 状态，从而将容纳腔113与第一型腔116连通。因此，本公开实施例电池箱的设计可以有效解决相关技术中的技术问题，提高电池的安全性。封堵件的制作工艺简单，制作成本也较低。
可以理解的，为了使封堵件118能够被准确开启，刻痕1180所在的区域应当正对内孔114的开设区域。
在本公开实施例中，对于封堵件118的整体形状、刻痕1180的形状均不作具体限定。封堵件118的整体形状例如可以设计为圆形或者多边形(例如方形)等等。
如图3和图4所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，刻痕1180呈封闭图形形状，第一部分1181位于刻痕1180的外侧，第二部分1182位于刻痕1180的内侧。
封闭图形形状例如为圆形、多边形(例如方形)或者椭圆形等没有端点的图形形状。刻痕1180的内侧是由封闭图形形状所界定的内部区域，刻痕1180的外侧是由封闭图形形状所界定的外部区域。
如图8所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，刻痕1180也可以呈非封闭图形形状，并且刻痕1180的两端延伸至封堵件118的边缘。
刻痕1180的形状例如呈直线形、曲线形、折线形或弧线形中的任意一种，其非封闭图形形状是相对前述的封闭图形形状而言的。从图中可以看出，封堵件118仍然可以被刻痕1180分割为第一部分1181和第二部分1182。
当电池箱10内压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击封堵件118，由于第一部分1181与侧壁112是固定连接的，因此第二部分1182会沿刻痕1180与第一部分1181产生撕裂、继而分离后进入到第一型腔116内。
如图9所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，封堵件118呈片状且具有刻痕1180，包括第一部分1181和第二部分1182，第一部分1181用于与侧壁112的内壁固定连接，第二部分1182能够受气压冲击而沿刻痕1180与第一部分1181撕裂后折起。
与图3和图8中所示封堵件118的结构相区别，在该实施例中，通过合理设计刻痕1180的薄弱程度，可以使刻痕1180在一定气压冲击下撕裂，从而使第二部分1182与第一部分1181之间只有一部分分离，第二部分1182背向容纳腔113折起(折线处未设置刻痕)，这样，第一部分1181和第二部分1182之间形成一开口，允许气流通过，因此，封堵件118处于开启状态。
可以理解的，由于封堵件118所受气体压力是背向容纳腔113的，因此，第二部分1182在与第一部分1181撕裂后是背向容纳腔113折起的。封堵件118在开启后结构被破坏。
在这些实施例中，刻痕1180的形状不限，例如呈半封闭的圆形、半封闭的椭圆形或半封闭的多边形(例如半封闭的方形)中的任意一种。其中，半封闭的形状是相对前述封闭图形形状而言的。
如图10所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，封堵件118还可以设计为包括：具有通孔830的固定部83及位于通孔830内的柱塞84，固定部83用于与侧壁112固定连接，柱塞84能够受气压冲击而沿通孔830移动至脱离通孔830。
固定部83例如可以与侧壁112的内壁固定连接，从而将封堵件118固定在侧壁112上，实现封堵件118的安装。
柱塞84的形状与通孔830的形状相适应，但具体形状不限，例如柱塞84为圆柱柱塞。封堵件118在常态下，柱塞84位于通孔830内并且通过两者之间的摩擦力保持在通孔830内，封堵件118将内孔114封堵。当电池箱10内的压力持续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击柱塞84，使柱塞84克服摩擦力而脱离通孔830并进入到第一型腔116内，从而封堵件118处于开启状态，将容纳腔113与第一型腔116连通。因此，本公开该实施例方案可以有效解决相关技术中的技术问题，提高电池的安全性。
可以理解的，为了使封堵件118能够被准确开启，通孔830所在的区域应当正对内孔114在侧壁112上的开设区域。
在本公开实施例中，箱体11的侧壁112的第一型腔116可以包括一个子型腔1160，也可以包括相连通的多个子型腔1160。其中，每个子型腔1160例如对应形成于一个前述框架体117。当第一型腔116包括多个子型腔1160时，这些子型腔1160可以通过结构设计而相连通，例如依次连通，从而可以使气流通过封堵件118快速分散到这些子型腔1160内，继而通过侧壁112的外孔115排散到外部环境中。
参考图5、图6和图7所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，第一型腔116包括相连通的多个子型腔1160(例如图中所示的2个)，该多个子型腔1160沿远离底壁111的方向依次排列，每个子型腔1160环绕容纳腔113一周。内孔114可以开设在侧壁112的相邻两个框架体117上(如图6和图7所示)，从而与两个子型腔1160直接连通。此外，内孔114也可以开设在侧壁112的其中一个框架体117上，从而与一个子型腔1160直接连通。
在本公开实施例中，封堵件118的材料类型不限，例如可以为塑料封堵件或金属封堵件，只要能够满足结构所需强度并且经久耐用即可。
其中，塑料封堵件的材料主要包括塑料，例如聚碳酸酯(PC)或聚苯乙烯(PS)等等。金属封堵件的材料主要包括金属，例如铝、铜、或者铝合金等等。
在本公开实施例中，封堵件118与侧壁112的具体连接方式不限，例如，封堵件118与侧壁112可以粘接、热压连接或者通过紧固件锁接。
粘接是在封堵件118与侧壁112的接触面设置胶体，使两者通过胶体粘接。热压是对加热到熔融状态的材料施加一定压力，使材料与另一物体粘接在一起的工艺。紧固件锁接是使用螺钉或者螺栓组件等，将封堵件118与侧壁112锁接，例如通过贯穿封堵件118的第一部分1181以及侧壁112的螺栓组件将封堵件118与侧壁112锁接。
如图11所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，还提供了一种电池100，包括以上任一实施例的电池箱10，以及位于电池箱10内的通过串联和/或并联方式组合的多个电池模块20。
该电池100可以为应用于各类用电装置的动力电池或者储能电池。由于电池箱10的上述设计能够带来上述的有益效果，因此电池100的安全性得到显著提升。
如图12所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，还提供了一种用电装置2000，包括前述任一实施例的电池。
用电装置2000可以是前述的任意一种需要使用到电池的用电装置，例如为用电设备或者储能设备。由于电池100的安全性得到显著提升，因此用电装置2000的安全性得到相应提升。
参见图2所示，本公开一些实施例提供的电池箱10，包括构成容纳腔113的箱体11和箱盖12。其中，箱体11包括了底壁111、侧壁112和封堵件118。侧壁112具有内孔114、外孔115和第一型腔116，内孔114设于侧壁112的内壁，外孔115设于侧壁112的外壁，第一型腔116通过内孔114与容纳腔113连通，并且通过外孔115与箱体10的外部连通。封堵件118设于内孔114处并将内孔114封闭，封堵件118能够受气压冲击而处于开启状态，以将容纳腔113与第一型腔116连通。封堵件118呈片状且具有呈封闭图形形状的刻痕1180，包括位于刻痕1180外侧的第一部分1181和位于刻痕1180内侧的第二部分1182，第一部分1181与侧壁112的内壁固定连接，第二部分1182能够受气压冲击而沿刻痕1180与第一部分1181撕裂后分离。封堵件118在常态下将内孔114封闭，可以限制材料碎屑从第一型腔116进入到容纳腔113内。当电池箱10内的压力持 续升高并达到一定值时，气压冲击封堵件118使其开启，从而将容纳腔113与第一型腔116连通。因此，本公开实施例的电池箱应用于电池，可以有效避免材料碎屑对电池内部造成的破坏，提高电池的安全性。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本公开的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本公开并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池箱，包括构成容纳腔的箱体和箱盖，所述箱体包括：
    底壁；
    侧壁，具有内孔、外孔和第一型腔，所述内孔设于所述侧壁的内壁，所述外孔设于所述侧壁的外壁，所述第一型腔通过所述内孔与所述容纳腔连通，并且通过所述外孔与所述箱体外连通；以及
    封堵件，设于所述内孔处并将所述内孔封闭，所述封堵件能够受气压冲击而处于开启状态，以将所述容纳腔与所述第一型腔连通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述封堵件呈片状且具有刻痕，包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分与所述内壁固定连接，所述第二部分能够受气压冲击而沿所述刻痕与所述第一部分撕裂后分离。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述刻痕呈封闭图形形状，所述第一部分位于所述刻痕的外侧，所述第二部分位于所述刻痕的内侧。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述刻痕呈圆形、椭圆形或多边形中的任意一种。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述刻痕呈非封闭图形形状，并且所述刻痕的两端延伸至所述封堵件的边缘。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述刻痕呈直线形、曲线形、折线形或弧线形中的任意一种。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述封堵件呈片状且具有刻痕，包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分与所述内壁固定连接，所述第二部分能够受气压冲击而沿所述刻痕与所述第一部分撕裂后折起。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述刻痕呈半封闭的圆形、半封闭的椭圆形或半封闭的多边形中的任意一种。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述封堵件包括：具有通孔的固定部及位于所述通孔内的柱塞，所述固定部与所述内壁固定连接，所述柱塞能够受气压冲击而沿所述通孔移动至脱离所述通孔。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述封堵件包括塑料封堵件或金属封堵件。
  11. 如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池箱，其中，
    所述封堵件与所述侧壁粘接、热压连接或者通过紧固件锁接。
  12. 一种电池，包括：如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电池箱。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求12所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/088978 2021-11-08 2022-04-25 电池箱、电池及用电装置 WO2023077743A1 (zh)

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