WO2022205084A1 - 电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置 - Google Patents

电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205084A1
WO2022205084A1 PCT/CN2021/084448 CN2021084448W WO2022205084A1 WO 2022205084 A1 WO2022205084 A1 WO 2022205084A1 CN 2021084448 W CN2021084448 W CN 2021084448W WO 2022205084 A1 WO2022205084 A1 WO 2022205084A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
battery
thermal management
area
battery cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084448
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黎贤达
陈小波
胡璐
杨飘飘
岳金如
顾明光
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202311800964.XA priority Critical patent/CN118099653A/zh
Priority to JP2022537169A priority patent/JP7417741B2/ja
Priority to EP21742028.0A priority patent/EP4092818B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084448 priority patent/WO2022205084A1/zh
Priority to ES21742028T priority patent/ES2975961T3/es
Priority to CN202180000948.5A priority patent/CN115668613B/zh
Priority to KR1020227018656A priority patent/KR20220136992A/ko
Priority to US17/549,142 priority patent/US11881601B2/en
Publication of WO2022205084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205084A1/zh
Priority to US18/508,764 priority patent/US20240097298A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/618—Pressure control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/691—Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings; Cleaning battery or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery case, a battery, electrical equipment, and a method and device for preparing the case.
  • the present application provides a battery case, a battery, electrical equipment, and a method and device for preparing the case, which can enhance the safety of the battery.
  • a battery case in a first aspect, includes: an electrical cavity for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells including a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used in the an actuation to vent the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold; a thermal management component for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell; and a collection chamber for the vented
  • the pressure mechanism is actuated, the exhaust from the battery cells and passing through the thermal management part is collected, wherein the electrical cavity and the collection cavity are provided on both sides of the thermal management part, and the thermal The management part is used to separate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, the wall of the collection cavity is provided with a first pressure relief area, and the first pressure relief area is used to release the discharge in the collection cavity thing.
  • the first pressure relief area is provided on the wall of the collection cavity, so that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the discharge from the battery cells through the pressure relief mechanism enters the collection cavity Afterwards, it can be discharged in time through the first pressure relief area on the wall of the collection cavity to release the pressure and temperature in the collection cavity and enhance the safety of the battery.
  • the thermal management component has walls common to the electrical cavity and the collection cavity.
  • the case includes: a shielding member for shielding the thermal management component, the shielding member and the thermal management component forming the collection cavity.
  • the shielding member includes a bottom wall and a plurality of side walls to form a hollow structure with an open end, and the thermal management component covers the opening to form the collection cavity.
  • the first pressure relief area is disposed on the plurality of side walls.
  • the first pressure relief area is set on the bottom wall of the protective member, the strength of the bottom wall of the protective member will be affected, and it is not conducive to the collision safety of the entire battery during the use of the battery, so the first pressure relief area is usually set. on the side walls.
  • a plurality of the first pressure relief areas are provided on each of the plurality of side walls.
  • first pressure relief areas can speed up the discharge speed of the exhaust from the collection chamber, but considering the structural strength of the protective member, it is not appropriate to provide too many first pressure relief areas on each side wall.
  • a plurality of the first pressure relief areas are evenly arranged on each of the side walls.
  • the first pressure relief area is evenly distributed on each side wall, so that the protective member can be uniformly stressed during use, and the structural strength of the protective member will not be affected due to the local strength of the protective member being too weak.
  • the protective member is provided with a first through hole, and the first pressure relief area includes the first through hole.
  • the first pressure relief area is set as a through hole, so that the discharge entering the collection cavity can be quickly discharged through the through hole, and the discharge speed is accelerated.
  • the protective member is provided with a first weakened area, and the first weakened area is configured to be destroyed by the discharge in the collection chamber when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the The exhaust is discharged from the collection chamber, and the first pressure relief zone includes the first zone of weakness.
  • Setting the first pressure relief area as the first weak area compared with the method of setting the first pressure relief area as the first through hole, can ensure that the collection cavity is kept outside the battery when the battery cell is normal and no thermal runaway occurs.
  • the relatively sealed state prevents external moisture and dust from negatively affecting the use of the battery.
  • the melting point of the material of the first region of weakness is lower than the melting point of the material of other regions of the guard member other than the first region of weakness.
  • the temperature-sensitive material is used to set the first weak area, so that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, even when the pressure in the collection chamber is low, the first weak area can still be destroyed, so that the discharge from the battery cells can be discharged in time.
  • the melting point of the material of the first zone of weakness is less than or equal to 200°C.
  • the discharged emissions can usually reach between 400 °C and 800 °C, and after passing through the thermal management components, the temperature of the high-temperature emissions when reaching the protective member can reach 200 °C to 400 °C,
  • the melting point of the material of the first weak zone may be set to be less than or equal to 200°C.
  • the plurality of side walls are provided with the first weak regions, and the wall thicknesses of the plurality of side walls at the first weak regions are equal to those of the plurality of side walls at other regions the wall thickness to ensure the structural strength of the side wall.
  • the first area of weakness includes a score on the guard member.
  • the thermal management component is provided with a second pressure relief area, so that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the exhaust discharged from the battery cells can be discharged through the second pressure relief area to the collection chamber.
  • the second pressure relief area is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the thermal management component is provided with a flow channel for containing the fluid and destroyed by the exhaust discharged from the battery cell when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the fluid is discharged from the interior of the flow channel.
  • a second area of weakness is provided on the wall of the flow channel, so that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the flow channel is broken at the second weakened area, so that the flow channel is The fluid can be discharged directly, thereby cooling the discharge.
  • the thermal management component includes a first thermally conductive plate and a second thermally conductive plate, the first thermally conductive plate being located between and attached to the first wall , the first wall is the wall of the battery cell where the pressure relief mechanism is provided, the first heat-conducting plate is attached to the second heat-conducting plate, and the second heat-conducting plate has an opening facing the The first groove of the first heat-conducting plate, the first groove and the first heat-conducting plate form the flow channel.
  • the second weakened area is located on the side wall or the bottom wall of the first groove.
  • the second pressure relief area is a second through hole on the thermal management component.
  • the second pressure relief area is set as the second through hole, so that the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism can be quickly discharged to the collection chamber through the second through hole.
  • the second weak area is disposed on the sidewall of the second through hole.
  • the hole wall of the second through hole is the wall of the flow channel, so that when the discharge passes through the second through hole, the second weak area can be destroyed, so that the fluid in the flow channel is discharged to cool the discharge.
  • the second pressure relief area is a second groove on the thermal management component opposite to the pressure relief mechanism, and the bottom wall of the second groove is used for the relief When the pressure mechanism is actuated, it is destroyed by the exhaust discharged from the battery cells, so as to discharge the exhaust discharged from the battery cells to the collection chamber.
  • the second pressure relief area is set as a groove, so that when the battery cell is thermally out of control, the pressure relief mechanism has enough space to release the pressure, and when the battery cell is working normally, the electrical cavity and the collection cavity are not communicated with each other, and the electrical cavity is Not affected by the collection chamber.
  • the radial dimension of the second groove tapers away from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the change of the hole diameter of the second groove can increase the area of the hole wall of the second groove, which also increases the contact area between the discharge discharged from the battery cells through the pressure relief mechanism and the hole wall of the second groove, More emissions can be cooled; in addition, more emissions contact the hole wall of the second groove, which can also make the hole wall of the second groove easier to be damaged by emissions, especially in the second groove
  • the destruction of the side wall of the second groove can make the internal fluid flow out quickly and reduce the temperature of the discharge.
  • the first thermally conductive plate is recessed toward the second thermally conductive plate in the second pressure relief region to form the second groove.
  • the second groove is disposed in the first groove, so that the flow channel is formed between the side wall of the first groove and the side wall of the second groove .
  • the second weak area is disposed on the sidewall of the second groove.
  • the side wall of the second groove is the wall of the flow channel.
  • the discharge destroys the bottom wall of the second groove and enters the collection cavity, it will also damage the second weak point on the side wall of the second groove. zone, so that the fluid in the flow channel flows out and cools the discharge.
  • the melting point of the material in the second region of weakness is lower than the melting point of the material in other regions of the flow channel other than the second region of weakness.
  • the melting point of the material of the second zone of weakness is less than or equal to 400°C.
  • the material of the second weak zone can be selected from a material with a melting point of less than or equal to 400°C.
  • the wall thickness of the flow channel at the second weak region is equal to the wall thickness at other regions of the flow channel to ensure the strength of the flow channel on the thermal management component.
  • the melting point of the material of the second zone of weakness is less than the melting point of the material of the first zone of weakness.
  • the exhaust after the exhaust is discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, it first contacts the thermal management component, so the melting point of the material in the second weak area on the thermal management component can be set higher, which can also avoid excessive weakening of the thermal management component; exhaust
  • the thermal management component since the thermal management component has already cooled the emission, the cooling of the emission is relatively fast, so the melting point of the material in the first weak area on the collection cavity can be set lower, so that the A weak area can be rapidly melted, draining the discharge out of the collection chamber.
  • the box body further includes a cover body, and the cover body is a hollow structure with an opening at one end, and the thermal management component covers the opening of the cover body to form the electrical cavity.
  • a battery in a second aspect, includes a plurality of battery cells, at least one of the plurality of battery cells includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is used for The pressure relief mechanism is actuated to release the inner pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value; the battery case of the first aspect, the case body being used for accommodating the plurality of batteries monomer.
  • an electrical device comprising: the battery of the second aspect, used for providing electrical energy.
  • the powered device is a vehicle, a ship or a spacecraft.
  • a method for preparing a battery case comprising: providing an electrical cavity for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells including a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value; providing thermal management means for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell; and, providing a collection chamber for collecting emissions from within the battery cells and passing through the thermal management components upon actuation of the pressure relief mechanism, wherein the electrical chamber and the Collection chambers are arranged on both sides of the thermal management component, the thermal management components are used to separate the electrical chamber and the collection chamber, the walls of the collection chamber are provided with a first pressure relief area, the first pressure relief area is The pressure relief area is used for discharging the discharge in the collection chamber.
  • an apparatus for preparing a battery case including a module for performing the method of the fourth aspect above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a battery module disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an electrical cavity disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a case of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a case of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a case of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is an exploded view of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • thermal management component 15 is a top view of a thermal management component and a protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application after installation;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thermal management component and a protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 17 is a partial enlarged view of a cross-section of a thermal management component and a protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 18 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a thermal management component and a protective member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a battery case disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for preparing a battery case disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery cell may include a primary battery or a secondary battery, for example, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • a battery pack typically includes a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative plates to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is not coated.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, The current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer was used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP or PE, etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is actuated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined threshold can be adjusted according to different design requirements.
  • the predetermined threshold value may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may employ elements or components such as pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to form a vent for internal pressure or temperature relief. aisle.
  • the "actuating" mentioned in this application refers to the action of the pressure relief mechanism, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell can be released. Actions produced by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, rupture, tearing, or melting of at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism, among others. After the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the high temperature and high pressure substances inside the battery cells will be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism as a discharge. In this way, the battery cells can be depressurized under controlled pressure or temperature conditions, thereby avoiding potentially more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cells mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode sheets, fragments of separators, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a battery cell is short-circuited or overcharged, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to prevent the battery cells from exploding and catching fire.
  • the main focus is to release the high pressure and high heat inside the battery cell, that is, to discharge the exhaust to the outside of the battery cell.
  • a plurality of battery cells are often required, and the plurality of battery cells are electrically connected through a busbar. Emissions discharged from the inside of the battery cells may cause short-circuits in the remaining battery cells. For example, when the discharged metal scraps electrically connect the two bus components, the batteries will be short-circuited, thus posing a safety hazard.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure discharge is discharged toward the direction in which the pressure relief mechanism is provided in the battery cell, and may be discharged in the direction toward the area where the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and the power and destructive power of such discharge may be very large, It may even be enough to break through one or more structures in that direction, creating further safety concerns.
  • a thermal management component may also be provided in the battery of the embodiment of the present application, and the surface of the thermal management component is attached to the surface of the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism, and the thermal management component may also be provided with a drain nip.
  • the inside of the battery case can be separated into an electrical cavity for accommodating the battery cells and a collection cavity for collecting the discharge by using the management part.
  • the pressure relief mechanism When the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the discharge of the battery cell can enter the collecting cavity, thereby reducing the The impact of small emissions on the confluence components in the electrical cavity can therefore enhance the safety of the battery; and because the emissions of the battery cells are collected through the collection cavity, the high-temperature and high-pressure emissions are buffered, and the pressure and temperature of the emissions are reduced. Lowering, reducing its destructive force to other structures, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery case, the case includes an electrical cavity, a thermal management component and a collection cavity, and a first pressure relief area is provided on the collection cavity, the first pressure relief area is The nip is used to release the discharge in the collection cavity, so that the discharge can be discharged from the collection cavity in time, and the pressure and temperature in the collection cavity are released to prevent explosion.
  • the thermal management component of the embodiments of the present application may be used to contain a fluid to regulate the temperature of a plurality of battery cells.
  • the fluid here can be liquid or gas, and adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling a plurality of battery cells.
  • the thermal management component is used to contain a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the thermal management component may also be called a cooling component, a cooling system or a cooling plate, etc.
  • the fluid it contains can also be called cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, it can be called cooling liquid or cooling gas.
  • the thermal management component may also be used for heating to heat up a plurality of battery cells, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid can be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation.
  • the fluid may be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, or the like.
  • the exhaust from the battery cells can be discharged through the pressure relief area of the thermal management component, and the thermal management component can also cool the battery cells to prevent the battery cells from exploding .
  • the electrical cavity of the embodiment of the present application can be used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells, and can also be used to accommodate a bus component.
  • the electrical cavity can be sealed or unsealed.
  • the electrical cavity provides installation space for battery cells and bus components.
  • a structure for fixing the battery cells may also be provided in the electrical cavity.
  • the shape of the electrical cavity may be determined according to the plurality of battery cells and bus components to be accommodated.
  • the electrical cavity may be square with six walls. Since the battery cells in the electrical cavity are electrically connected to form a higher voltage output, the electrical cavity can also be called a "high voltage cavity".
  • the bus components are used to realize electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells, such as parallel connection or series connection or hybrid connection.
  • the bus part can realize electrical connection between the battery cells by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells.
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells by welding.
  • the electrical connection formed by the bus component may also be referred to as a "high voltage connection”.
  • the collection chamber of the embodiment of the present application is used to collect the discharge, and may be sealed or unsealed.
  • the collection chamber may contain air, or other gases.
  • the collection chamber may also contain liquid, such as a cooling medium, or a component for accommodating the liquid may be provided to further reduce the temperature of the effluent entering the collection chamber.
  • the gas or liquid in the collection chamber is circulated.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to various devices using batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships, and spacecraft.
  • the spacecraft includes Planes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or Extended range cars, etc.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 may be provided with a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 , and the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom of the vehicle 1 or at the front or rear of the vehicle.
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for the starting, navigation and operation power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 in place of or partially in place of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20, wherein the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • the battery 10 may also be referred to as a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module 200 , and then a plurality of battery modules 200 may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery 10 . That is to say, a plurality of battery cells 20 may directly constitute the battery 10 , or may first constitute the battery module 200 , and then the battery module 200 may constitute the battery 10 .
  • the battery 10 may include at least one battery module 200 .
  • the battery module 200 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may further include a case body 11 , the interior of the case body 11 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case body 11 .
  • the box body 11 may include two parts, which are referred to here as a first part 111 and a second part 112 respectively, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shape of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the combined shape of the battery module 200 , and at least one of the first part 111 and the second part 112 has an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be a hollow cuboid and each has only one face as an open face, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first part 111
  • the box body 11 having a closed cavity is formed by engaging with the second part 112 .
  • FIG. 2 different from what is shown in FIG.
  • first portion 111 and the second portion 112 may be a hollow cuboid with an opening, and the other may be a plate shape to cover the opening.
  • the second part 112 is a hollow cuboid with only one face as an open surface
  • the first part 111 is plate-shaped as an example, then the first part 111 is covered at the opening of the second part 112 to form a box with a closed cavity 11.
  • the chamber can be used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 20.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are placed in the box 11 formed after the first part 111 and the second part 112 are buckled together after being combined in parallel or in series or in a mixed connection.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bussing component for realizing electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 20, such as parallel or series or hybrid.
  • the bus member may realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 by welding. The electrical energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box body 11 through the conductive mechanism.
  • the number of battery cells 20 in the battery module 200 can be set to any value.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed manner to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 20 are arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 constitutes a battery module 200 .
  • the number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module 200 is not limited, and can be set according to requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a battery module 200 .
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery modules 200, and the battery modules 200 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22 , a casing 211 and a cover plate 212 .
  • the casing 211 and the cover plate 212 form the housing 21 . Both the wall of the case 211 and the cover plate 212 are referred to as the wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • the casing 211 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22.
  • the casing 211 can be a hollow cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, and one surface of the casing 211 has an opening for one or more electrodes.
  • Assembly 22 may be placed within housing 211 .
  • one of the planes of the casing 211 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall, so that the casing 211 communicates with the inside and the outside.
  • the casing 211 can be a hollow cylinder
  • the end face of the casing 211 is an open face, that is, the end face does not have a wall so that the casing 211 communicates with the inside and the outside.
  • the cover plate 212 covers the opening and is connected with the case 211 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 22 is placed.
  • the casing 211 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolytic solution.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include two electrode terminals 214 , and the two electrode terminals 214 may be disposed on the cover plate 212 .
  • the cover plate 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the cover plate 212 , and the two electrode terminals 214 are the first electrode terminal 214 a and the second electrode terminal 214 b respectively.
  • the polarities of the two electrode terminals 214 are opposite. For example, when the first electrode terminal 214a is a positive electrode terminal, the second electrode terminal 214b is a negative electrode terminal.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is correspondingly provided with a connecting member 23 , which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first tab 221a and a second tab 222a.
  • the polarities of the first tab 221a and the second tab 222a are opposite.
  • the first tab 221a is a positive tab
  • the second tab 222a is a negative tab.
  • the first tabs 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to one electrode terminal through one connecting member 23
  • the second tabs 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to another electrode terminal through another connecting member 23 .
  • the positive first electrode terminal 214a is connected to the positive electrode tab through one connection member 23
  • the negative second electrode terminal 214b is connected to the negative electrode tab through the other connection member 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be set in a single or multiple number. As shown in FIG. 4 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are provided in the battery cell 20 .
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 may also be provided on one wall of the battery cell 20 . As shown in FIG. 4 , a pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided on the first wall 21 a of the battery cell 20 .
  • the first wall 21a in FIG. 4 is separated from the casing 211, that is, the bottom side of the casing 211 has an opening, the first wall 21a covers the bottom side opening and is connected to the casing 211 by welding or gluing.
  • the first wall 21a and the housing 211 may also be an integral structure.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to actuate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be a part of the first wall 21a, or can be a separate structure from the first wall 21a, and is fixed on the first wall 21a by, for example, welding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be formed by providing a notch on the first wall 21a, and the thickness of the first wall 21a corresponding to the notch is smaller than the pressure relief mechanism The thickness of the other regions of the mechanism 213 excluding the score.
  • the notch is the weakest position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can The rupture occurs at the notch, causing the casing 211 to communicate with the inside and outside, and the gas pressure and temperature are released outward through the cracking of the pressure relief mechanism 213 , thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from exploding.
  • the second wall of the battery cell 20 is provided with electrode terminals 214, the second wall is different from the first wall 21a.
  • the second wall is disposed opposite to the first wall 21a.
  • the first wall 21 a may be the bottom wall of the battery cell 20
  • the second wall may be the cover plate 212 of the battery cell 20 .
  • Disposing the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 on different walls of the battery cell 20 can make the discharge of the battery cell 20 farther away from the electrode terminal 214 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, thereby reducing the amount of discharge to the electrode
  • the influence of the terminals 214 and the bus components can therefore enhance the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is arranged on the bottom wall of the battery cell 20, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the The discharge is discharged to the bottom of the battery 10 .
  • the thermal management components at the bottom of the battery 10 can be used to reduce the risk of emissions; on the other hand, when the battery 10 is installed in the vehicle, the bottom of the battery 10 is usually far away from the passengers, thereby reducing the harm to the passengers.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be various possible pressure relief structures, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to be able to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold; and/or the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism is configured to be able to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the case 11 of the battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the case 11 may include an electrical cavity 11 a , a collection cavity 11 b , and a thermal management component 13 .
  • the thermal management component 13 may be included in the case 11 .
  • the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b are provided on both sides of the thermal management component 13, and the thermal management component 13 is used to separate the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b; the electrical cavity 11a can be used to accommodate A plurality of battery cells 20, the battery cells 20 include a pressure relief mechanism 213, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to actuate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells 20 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure; the thermal management component 13 is used for The collection chamber 11b is used to collect the exhaust discharged from the battery cell 20 and pass through the thermal management component 13 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • a first pressure relief area 113 is provided on the wall of the collection chamber 11b, and the first pressure relief area 113 is used to release the discharge in the collection chamber 11b.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 is provided on the wall of the collection cavity 11b, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the battery cells 20 pass through the pressure relief mechanism 213 After the discharged waste enters the collection chamber 11b, it can be discharged in time through the first pressure relief area 113 on the wall of the collection chamber 11b to relieve the pressure and temperature in the collection chamber 11b, and also prevent the waste from being trapped in the collection chamber 11b When the battery 10 is accumulated and cannot be discharged, the battery 10 may explode.
  • case 11 of the battery 10 shown in FIG. 5 in the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the case 11 of the battery 10 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. No longer.
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application is used to isolate the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b.
  • isolation here refers to separation, which may not be hermetically sealed.
  • the electrical cavity 11a in the embodiment of the present application is used for accommodating a plurality of battery cells 20, and can also be used for accommodating the bus component 12, that is, the electrical cavity 11a provides the accommodating space for the battery cells 20 and the bus component 12.
  • a structure for fixing the battery cells 20 may also be provided.
  • the bus member 12 is used to realize electrical connection of the plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component 12 can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals 214 of the battery cells 20 .
  • At least one battery cell 20 of the plurality of battery cells 20 may include a pressure relief mechanism 213 for actuating when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value to Relieve internal pressure or temperature.
  • the battery cell 20 involved in the related description of the pressure relief mechanism 213 below refers to the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the battery cell 20 may be the battery cell 20 in FIG. 4 .
  • a thermal management component 13 is used to isolate the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, that is, the electrical cavity 11a for accommodating a plurality of battery cells 20 and the bus component 12 and the collection cavity 11b for collecting the exhaust. are provided separately, while the thermal management part 13 has a common wall for the electrical chamber 11a and the collection chamber 11b. As shown in Fig. 5, the thermal management member 13 may be both a wall of the electrical chamber 11a and a wall of the collection chamber 11b.
  • the thermal management part 13 (or a part thereof) can be regarded as a wall shared by the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can enter the collection cavity 11b through the thermal management part 13, and at the same time, due to The existence of the thermal management component 13 can isolate the discharge from the electrical cavity 11a as much as possible, thereby reducing the risk of the discharge and enhancing the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the box body 11 may further include a cover body 110, and the cover body 110 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the electrical cavity 11a may be composed of the cover body 110 having an opening and a thermal management component 13 formed.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of the electrical cavity 11a of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrical cavity 11a of the box body 11 may include a cover body 110 having an opening at one end (eg, the lower side opening in FIG. 6 ) .
  • the cover body 110 with the opening is a semi-closed chamber with an opening communicating with the outside, and the thermal management component 13 covers the opening to form a chamber, that is, an electrical chamber 11a.
  • FIG. 7 shows another exploded view of the electrical cavity 11a of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 7 can be improved on the basis of FIG. 2 .
  • the box body 11 shown in FIG. 2 can be regarded as an electrical cavity 11 a , that is, the cover body 110 forming the electrical cavity 11 a includes a first part 111 and a second part 112 . It is only necessary to replace the bottom wall of the second part 112 in FIG. 2 with the thermal management part 13 , and use the thermal management part 13 as one wall of the electrical cavity 11 a , thereby forming the electrical cavity 11 a in FIG. 7 .
  • the first part 111 and the thermal management component 13 cover the openings on both sides of the second part 112 respectively to form The chamber, namely the electrical chamber 11a.
  • the collection chamber 11b may be formed by the thermal management part 13 and the protective member 115 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the box body 11 according to the embodiment of the present application, wherein the electrical cavity 11a in FIG. 8 is the electrical cavity 11a shown in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 9 shows the box body 11 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Another schematic diagram of FIG. 9 wherein the electrical cavity 11a in FIG. 9 is the electrical cavity 11a shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the box body 11 further includes a protective member 115 .
  • the shielding member 115 is used to shield the thermal management part 13 , and the shielding member 115 and the thermal management part 13 form a collection cavity 11 b.
  • the collection cavity 11b formed by the protective member 115 and the thermal management component 13 does not occupy the space for accommodating the battery cells 20, so a larger space for the collection cavity 11b can be provided, so as to effectively collect and buffer the exhaust and reduce its risk .
  • a fluid such as a cooling medium
  • a component for accommodating the fluid may be arranged to further reduce the temperature of the exhaust entering the collection chamber 11b.
  • the fluid provided in the collection chamber 11b does not affect the discharge of the exhaust by the first pressure relief zone 113 provided on the wall of the collection chamber 11b.
  • the collection chamber 11b may be a sealed chamber.
  • the junction of the shielding member 115 and the thermal management component 13 may be sealed by a sealing member.
  • the collection chamber 11b may not be a sealed chamber.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 of the collection chamber 11b may be airtight, so that the collection chamber 11b may communicate with the outside air, so that a part of the exhaust can be directly discharged to the outside of the tank 11 .
  • the thermal management component 13 covers the opening of the cover body 110 to form the electrical cavity 11a, and the thermal management component 13 and the protective member 115 form the collection cavity 11b.
  • the thermal management part 13 can also directly divide the closed box 11 into the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, without the need for additional protective members 115.
  • FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of the case 11 of the battery 10 according to another embodiment of the present application, and the case 11 in FIG. 10 may correspond to the case 11 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the box 11 may include a first part 111 , a second part 112 and a thermal management part 13 , and the first part 111 , the second part 112 and the thermal management part 13 can form an electrical cavity 11 a and a collection cavity 11 b.
  • the first part 111 and the second part 112 shown in FIG. 10 are both cavity structures with an opening on one side, and can respectively form a semi-closed structure.
  • the thermal management component 13 may be disposed inside the second part 112 , and the first part 111 covers the opening of the second part 112 .
  • the thermal management component 13 can be disposed in the semi-enclosed second part 112 first to isolate the collection cavity 11b, and then the first part 111 can be covered with the opening of the second part 112 to form the electrical cavity 11a.
  • the protective member 115 can be replaced by the bottom wall of the second portion 112 to form the collection cavity 11b.
  • thermal management component 13 and the protective member 115 forming the collection cavity 11b are taken as an example, but the same applies to other situations, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 includes a cover 110 , a thermal management component 13 , a protective member 115 and a plurality of battery cells 20 , wherein , the cover body 110 and the thermal management part 13 form an electrical cavity 11a for accommodating the battery cells 20; the thermal management part 13 and the protective member 115 form a collection cavity 11b for when the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the battery cell 20 is actuated , the exhaust from the battery cells 20 passes through the thermal management component 13 and enters the collection cavity 11b, and the first pressure relief area 113 on the collection cavity 11b discharges the exhaust.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 in the embodiment of the present application may be provided on any one or more walls of the anti-collection cavity 11b.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 may be provided on the thermal management component 13, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the exhaust from the battery cells 20 is discharged to the collection chamber 11b through the thermal management component 13, and then passes through The first pressure relief area 113 provided on the thermal management component 13 is discharged to prevent the battery 10 from exploding due to excessive pressure or high temperature in the collection chamber 11b.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 in the embodiment of the present application may also be provided on other walls of the collection chamber 11b, for example, may also be provided on the protective member 115.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a protective member 115 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of another protective member 115 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the protective member 115 of the embodiment of the present application includes a bottom wall 1151 and a plurality of side walls 1152 to form a hollow structure with one end open, and the thermal management component 13 covers the opening to form a collection cavity 11b.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 may be provided on the bottom wall 1151 and/or a plurality of side walls 1152 of the protective member 115 .
  • the first pressure relief area 113 is provided on the bottom wall 1151 of the protective member 115 , the bottom wall 1151 of the protective member 115 is relatively weak at the first pressure relief area 113 , then during the use of the battery 10 , there may be The structural strength of the battery 10 will be affected, and the crash safety performance of the battery 10 will be affected. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13 in FIG. 11 , the first pressure relief areas 113 are generally provided on the plurality of side walls 1152 .
  • the number of the first pressure relief areas 113 and the area size and shape of each first pressure relief area 113 can be set according to practical applications. If the number of the first pressure relief areas 113 is set to be large, and the area of each first pressure relief area 113 is set too large, the structural strength of the protective member 115 will be affected. The number of the first pressure relief area 113 is set to be small, which will affect the discharge of the discharge. Therefore, the number of the first pressure relief area 113 can be reasonably set according to the size and strength requirements of the protective member 115 and the area size of each first pressure relief area 113 .
  • each first pressure relief area 113 may also be flexibly set, and the shapes of the plurality of first pressure relief areas 113 may also be the same or different.
  • all the first pressure relief regions 113 may be set in the same shape, such as the rectangle shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 , but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • a first pressure relief area 113 may be provided on one side wall 1152 of the plurality of side walls 1152 or on the plurality of side walls 1152 , and a first pressure relief area 113 may be provided on each side wall 1152 or a plurality of first pressure relief zones 113 .
  • the plurality of first pressure relief areas 113 may be arranged evenly on each side wall 1152, so that the protective member 115 is uniformly stressed, The structural strength of the protective member 115 is guaranteed.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 in the embodiment of the present application may be implemented in various ways.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 may be a through hole.
  • the protective member 115 is provided with at least one first through hole, and the first pressure relief area 113 includes the first through hole.
  • the first pressure relief area 113 may also be a weak area on the protective member 115 .
  • the protective member 115 is provided with at least one first weak area, and the first weak area can be caused by the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the first pressure relief area 113 includes the first weak area.
  • the first weak area in the embodiment of the present application may be a groove on the protective member 115 , and the thickness of the bottom wall of the groove is smaller than that of other areas on the protective member 115 , thereby forming the first weak area.
  • the opening of the groove may be toward the inside of the collection chamber 11b, or may be toward the outside of the collection chamber 11b; the groove may include a notch on the protective member 115.
  • the first weak area is also directly a score on the protective member 115 .
  • the first weak area in the embodiment of the present application may also be the area where the temperature-sensitive material is located, that is, the material of the first weak area adopts a temperature-sensitive material, and the temperature-sensitive material is used for melting when the temperature reaches a threshold, that is, the first weak area is
  • the melting point of the material in the weak area is set lower than the melting point of the material in other areas on the protective member 115 except the first weak area, so that the first weak area using the temperature-sensitive material can be melted when the temperature of the discharge reaches a certain value.
  • the material of the first weak region can be reasonably selected according to the temperature of the exhaust discharged when the battery cell 20 undergoes thermal runaway.
  • the discharged emissions can usually reach between 400°C and 800°C, and after passing through the thermal management component 13, due to the cooling effect of the thermal management component 13, the high temperature emissions
  • the temperature when reaching the protective member 115 can reach 200° C. to 400° C.
  • the melting point of the material of the first weak zone can be set to be less than or equal to 200° C.
  • the material can be tin alloy material, or polypropylene engineering plastic material can be used, so that when the temperature reaches 200°C, the first weak area can be melted immediately, so that the discharge can be smoothly discharged from the collection chamber 11b through the melting area.
  • selecting a temperature-sensitive material to set the first weak area can ensure the mechanical strength of the first weak area and ensure that the battery 10 is in use. 11 collision safety; and, using the temperature-sensitive material to set the first weak area can make the first weak area melt quickly only by the temperature change in the collection chamber 11b when the gas pressure in the collection chamber 11b is insufficient, and phase Compared with grooves or nicks that need to be destroyed by gas accumulation to a certain pressure, using temperature-sensitive material to set the first weak area can discharge emissions in a more timely manner, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery 10 in use.
  • the thickness of the first weak region of the temperature-sensitive material is usually selected to be consistent with the thickness of other regions.
  • the wall thickness of the plurality of side walls 1152 at the first weak region is equal to the wall thickness of the plurality of side walls 1152 at other regions.
  • FIG. 14 shows an exploded view of a thermal management component 13 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 15 shows a top view of a thermal management component 13 and a protective member 115 in an embodiment of the present application after installation
  • FIG. 16 is a thermal management
  • FIG. 17 is a partial enlarged view of the area A in FIG. 16
  • FIG. 18 is the installation of the thermal management component 13 and the protective member 115.
  • a schematic cross-sectional view along the BB' direction shown in FIG. 15 A schematic cross-sectional view along the BB' direction shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the thermal management component 13 of the embodiment of the present application is provided with a flow channel 134 , the flow channel 134 is used for accommodating the fluid, and the flow channel 134 can be used by the battery cell when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated
  • the exhaust discharged from the body 20 is destroyed, so that the fluid is discharged from the interior of the flow channel 134;
  • the thermal management component 13 may also be provided with a second pressure relief area 133, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the battery cell 20 is The discharged discharge can be discharged to the collection chamber 11b through the second pressure relief area 133 .
  • the second pressure relief area 133 in the embodiment of the present application may be set according to the position and size of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the second pressure relief area 133 can be arranged opposite the pressure relief mechanism 213, and the first pressure relief area 133 can also be arranged.
  • the area of the second pressure relief area 133 is larger than that of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the shape of the second pressure relief area 133 can also be set according to the shape and area of the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the shape of the second pressure relief area 133 and the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 213 are the same, both of which are
  • the racetrack shape shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 is taken as an example for description, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the size, position and shape of the flow channel 134 in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to practical applications.
  • the flow channel 134 in the embodiment of the present application may be provided in a long strip shape; in order to enable the discharge from the battery cells 20 to pass through the second drain when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated press area 133 and destroy the flow channel 134 so that the fluid is discharged from the flow channel 134, so as to reduce the temperature of the discharge, the flow channel 134 can be arranged around the second pressure relief area 133, and the flow channels at different positions
  • the cross-sectional shape or size of 134 may be the same or different, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the thermal management component 13 of the embodiment of the present application may include a first thermally conductive plate 131 and a second thermally conductive plate 132 . 5 , 11 , and 14 to 18 , the first heat conduction plate 131 is located between the first wall 21 a where the pressure relief mechanism 213 is located and the second heat conduction plate 132 , and the first heat conduction plate 131 is attached to the first heat conduction plate 131 .
  • One wall 21a, the first heat-conducting plate 131 and the second heat-conducting plate 132 are attached together.
  • the second heat-conducting plate 132 has a first groove 1321 opening toward the first heat-conducting plate 131 , and the first groove 1321 and the first heat-conducting plate 131 form a flow channel 134 .
  • the size of one or more first grooves 1321 provided on the second heat conducting plate 132 may be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first thermal conductive plate 131 is attached to the first wall 21a of the battery cell 20 may include the first thermal conductive plate 131 directly contacting the first wall 21a, or may include the first thermal conductive plate 131 through heat conduction Glue or other substances are attached to the first walls 21 a to achieve heat exchange between the first heat conducting plates 131 and the first walls 21 a of the battery cells 20 .
  • the wall of the flow channel 134 in the embodiment of the present application may be provided with a second weak area 135, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the flow channel 134 is more easily damaged, that is, the flow channel 134 can be damaged in the first
  • the second weak area 135 is destroyed, and the fluid in the flow channel 134 flows out to cool the discharge.
  • the second weak region 135 can be implemented in various ways.
  • the second weak region 135 can be a notch on the wall of the flow channel 134; or, the second weak region 135 can also be made of a temperature-sensitive material, that is, the melting point of the material in the second weak region 135 is lower than that of the flow channel The melting point of the material in other regions except the second weak region 135 on the 134, so that the second weak region 135 can be melted when the temperature reaches a certain value.
  • the material of the second weak region 135 may be selected according to the temperature of the exhaust discharged from the battery cells 20 . For example, considering that when the thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 20, the discharged emissions can usually reach between 400°C and 800°C.
  • the material of the second weak region 135 can be selected from a material with a melting point of less than or equal to 400°C. In this way, Emissions contacting the second region of weakness 135 may melt the second region of weakness 135, causing the second region of weakness 135 to be destroyed.
  • the second weak area 135 can be made of tin alloy material, or can also be made of polypropylene engineering plastic material.
  • the wall thickness of the flow channel 134 at the second weak area 135 is usually set equal to the wall thickness at other areas of the flow channel 134 , so as not to cause the battery 10 to be damaged during use of the battery 10 .
  • the second weak region 135 is destroyed in advance before the thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 occurs.
  • the second weak area 135 can be made of tin alloy material, and the rest of the flow channel 134 can be made of aluminum material, the thickness of the two can be set to be the same, and they are connected by welding or structural glue, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this. .
  • the second weak area 135 can ensure the structural strength of the flow channel 134, which also ensures the structural strength of the thermal management component 13, so that the battery In the normal use process of 10, the second weak area 135 is not easy to be damaged; and, when the second weak area 135 is set by means of grooves, the air pressure acting on the surface of the second weak area 135 needs to be large enough, using The second weak area 135 provided by the temperature sensitive material can quickly melt the second weak area 135 by sensing the temperature change when the gas pressure is insufficient. The provision of the second weak area 135 can destroy the flow channel 134 in a more timely manner, realize the timely cooling of the thermally runaway battery cell 20 , and enhance the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the exhaust will first pass through the thermal management component 13 and then reach the collection chamber 11b, that is, the exhaust will destroy the second weak area 135 first, so the material of the second weak area 135
  • the melting point can be set larger, which can not only ensure the strength of the flow channel 134, but also melt the second weakened region 135 when the discharge material contacts the second weakened region 135, so that the fluid in the flow channel 134 can be discharged.
  • the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cells 20, the exhaust and the box 11 is lowered, and when the cooled exhaust enters the collection chamber 11b, the temperature has dropped.
  • the melting point of the material of the second weak zone 135 can be set to be lower than the first
  • the melting point of the material of the first weak area included in the pressure relief area 113 is such that the discharged material after the temperature can melt the material of the first pressure relief area 113, and the discharged material is discharged from the collection chamber 11b.
  • the shape and area of the second weak region 135 in this embodiment of the present application may be set according to practical applications.
  • the area of the second weak area 135 should not be set too large, because the second weak area 135 with a large area will cause the flow channel 134 to be too weak, and the mechanical strength of the flow channel 134 cannot be guaranteed; and when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, if The large area of the second weak area 135 is destroyed, which will cause waste of the fluid in the flow channel 134 .
  • the position of the second weak area 135 in the embodiment of the present application may be set according to practical applications, and the second weak area 135 may be set at any one or more positions of the flow channel 134.
  • the second pressure relief area 133 can be set according to the second pressure relief area 133 .
  • the position of the second weak area 135 is such that the discharge passing through the second pressure relief area 133 can destroy the second weak area 135 ; in addition, the position of the second weak area 135 can also be reasonably set according to the position of the flow channel 134 .
  • the second pressure relief area 133 in the embodiment of the present application may be a through hole on the thermal management component 13 , for example, the thermal management component 13 may be provided with a hole penetrating through the first thermal conductive plate 131 and the second thermal conductive plate 132 .
  • the second through hole, the second pressure relief area 133 is the second through hole.
  • the side wall of the second through hole may be the wall of the flow channel 134, then the second weak area 135 may be provided on the side wall of the second through hole, so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can pass through the second through hole.
  • the second weak area 135 on the hole wall can be destroyed, so that the fluid in the flow channel 134 can flow out smoothly.
  • the second pressure relief area 133 in the embodiment of the present application may also be a second groove 1311 on the thermal management component 13 .
  • the second pressure relief area 133 is a second groove 1311 opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 213 on the thermal management component 13 .
  • the exhaust discharged from the battery cells 20 is destroyed to discharge the exhaust discharged from the battery cells 20 to the collection chamber 11b.
  • the opening of the second groove 1311 may face the pressure relief mechanism 213 or may also be away from the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the second weakened region 135 may also be disposed on the side wall of the second groove 1311 .
  • the following description will be given by taking FIG. 14 to FIG. 18 as an example.
  • the second groove 1311 in the embodiment of the present application can be realized by the first heat conducting plate 131 of the thermal management component 13 , namely The first heat-conducting plate 131 is recessed toward the second heat-conducting plate 132 in the second pressure relief area 133, thereby forming a second groove 1311.
  • the size of the second groove 1311 can be set according to practical applications.
  • the radial size of the second groove 1311 in the embodiment of the present application is far from the pressure relief mechanism 213 along the radial direction. It can gradually become smaller in the direction of the second groove 1311, and the change of the aperture of the second groove 1311 can increase the area of the hole wall of the second groove 1311, which also increases the discharge of the battery cells 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the contact area with the hole wall of the second groove 1311 can cool more discharges; in addition, more discharges contact the hole wall of the second groove 1311, which can also make the second groove 1311
  • the hole wall of the second groove 1311 is more easily damaged by the discharge, especially in the case where the hole wall of the second groove 1311 is used as the wall of the flow channel 134, the damage of the side wall of the second groove 1311 can make the internal fluid flow out quickly, and the discharge cooling down.
  • the radial dimension of the second groove 1311 may also remain unchanged along the direction away from the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the second pressure relief area 133 in the embodiment of the present application may also be used in combination with a through hole and a groove.
  • FIG. 14 may also be used as an example.
  • the through hole 1312 and the corresponding fourth through hole 1322 provided on the second heat conducting plate 132 can form the second pressure relief area 133 , and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the use of grooves and through holes to form the second pressure relief area 133 may also include other methods.
  • the bottom wall of the second groove 1311 is provided with a third through hole 1312, but the cross-sectional area of the third through hole 1312 is smaller than the area of the bottom wall of the second groove 1311, and the corresponding second heat conduction plate 132
  • the fourth through hole 1322 is not provided, and the second heat-conducting plate 132 can be connected through the non-through hole area on the bottom wall of the second groove 1311 to form the second pressure relief area 133; or, the second groove 1311
  • the second groove 1311 in the embodiment of the present application may be disposed in the first groove 1321 , so that the side wall of the first groove 1321 and the side wall of the second groove 1311 A flow channel 134 is formed between the side walls; correspondingly, a second weak area 135 may be provided on the side wall of the second groove 1311 , and the discharge can destroy the second pressure relief area 133 while destroying the second groove.
  • the second weak area 135 on the side wall of 1311 so that the fluid in the flow channel 134 can flow out, and can be directly sprayed to the thermally runaway battery cell 20, thereby directly exerting a cooling effect on the thermally runaway battery cell 20 .
  • the second weak area 135 may also be located at other positions of the flow channel 134.
  • the second weak area 135 may also be located on the side wall or the bottom wall of the first groove 1321 forming the flow channel 134 .
  • the second weak area 135 disposed on the side wall or bottom wall of the first groove 1321 is usually made of a temperature-sensitive material.
  • the air pressure may be insufficient, However, the temperature may still be high, so the use of temperature-sensitive material to set the second weak area 135 can make the discharge through the second weak area 135 set on the side wall or bottom wall of the first groove 1321 to quickly destroy the flow channel 134.
  • the wall is formed so that the fluid in the flow channel 134 directly flows into the collection cavity 11b, which further reduces the temperature of the protective member 115, and can also indirectly play a cooling effect on the thermally runaway battery cells 20.
  • the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application includes an electric cavity 11a and a collection cavity 11b, and the electric cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b are respectively disposed on both sides of the thermal management component 13.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 Actuated the discharged exhaust can enter the collection chamber 11b through the thermal management component 13, and the exhaust can be discharged from the collection chamber 11b through the first pressure relief area 113 provided on the collection chamber 11b to discharge the inside of the collection chamber 11b
  • the pressure and temperature can improve the safety of the battery 10 during use.
  • a second weak area 135 may also be provided on the thermal management component 13, for example, the second weak area 135 may be provided on the flow channel 134, and the discharge from the battery cells 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can destroy the second weak area 135.
  • the two weak areas 135 allow the fluid in the flow channel 134 to flow out to cool the battery cells 20 , and can also cool the collecting chamber 11b and the discharge in the collecting chamber 11b, further reducing the possibility of the battery 10 exploding.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 300 for preparing a battery case according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 300 may include: S310 , providing an electrical cavity, where the electrical cavity is used for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells include a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used in all the battery cells.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 400 for preparing a battery case according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 400 may include: a providing module 410 .
  • the providing module 410 is used for: providing an electrical cavity for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells including a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for the internal pressure of the battery cells or when the temperature reaches a threshold, actuated to relieve the internal pressure; providing thermal management components for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cells; and providing a collection chamber for Exhaust from the battery cells and passing through the thermal management component is collected upon actuation of the pressure relief mechanism, wherein the electrical cavity and the collection cavity are disposed at two sides of the thermal management component. side, the thermal management component is used to separate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, the wall of the collection cavity is provided with a first pressure relief area, and the first pressure relief area is used to release the collection cavity the emissions inside.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置。该箱体包括：电气腔，用于容纳多个电池单体，该电池单体包括泄压机构，该泄压机构用于在该电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给该电池单体调节温度；收集腔，用于在该泄压机构致动时收集从该电池单体内排出并穿过该热管理部件的排放物，其中，该电气腔和该收集腔设置于该热管理部件的两侧，该热管理部件用于隔开该电气腔和该收集腔，该收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，该第一泄压区用于泄放该收集腔内的该排放物。本申请提供了一种电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置，能够增强电池的安全性。

Description

电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置，能够增强电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池的箱体，该箱体包括：电气腔，用于容纳多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度；以及，收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集从所述电池单体内排出并穿过所述热管理部件的排放物，其中，所述电气腔和所述收集腔设置于所述热管理部件的两侧，所述热管理部件用于隔开所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，所述第一泄压区用于泄放所述收集腔内的所述排放物。
因此，本申请实施例的电池的箱体，通过在收集腔的壁上设置第一泄压区，使得在泄压机构致动时，由电池单体通过泄压机构排出的排放物进入收集腔之后，可以通过收集腔的壁上的第一泄压区及时排出，以泄放收集腔内的压力和温度，增强电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件具有为所述电气腔和所述收集腔共用的壁。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体包括：防护构件，所述防护构件用于防护所述热管理部件，所述防护构件与所述热管理部件形成所述收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件包括底壁和多个侧壁，以形成一端开口的中空结构，所述热管理部件盖合所述开口以形成所述收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述多个侧壁上设置有所述第一泄压区。
若在防护构件的底壁设置第一泄压区，会影响该防护构件的底壁强度，在电池的使用过程中，不利于整个电池的碰撞安全性，所以通常将该第一泄压区设置在侧壁。
在一些实施例中，所述多个侧壁中每个侧壁上设置多个所述第一泄压区。
设置多个第一泄压区可以加快排放物在从收集腔排出的速度，但是考虑到防护构件的结构强度，每个侧壁上不宜设置过多的第一泄压区。
在一些实施例中，多个所述第一泄压区在所述每个侧壁上均匀排列。
每个侧壁上均匀分布第一泄压区，可以使得该防护构件在使用过程中受力均匀，不会由于防护构件的局部强度过弱，从而影响该防护构件的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件上设置有第一通孔，所述第一泄压区包括所述第一通孔。
将第一泄压区设置为通孔，能够使得进入收集腔的排放物迅速通过该通孔排出，加快了排放速度。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件上设置有第一薄弱区，所述第一薄弱区用于在所述泄压机构致动时被所述收集腔内的所述排放物破坏，以使所述排放物从所述收集腔排出，所述第一泄压区包括所述第一薄弱区。
将第一泄压区设置为第一薄弱区，相比于将第一泄压区设置为第一通孔的方式，能够保证收集腔在电池单体正常且未发生热失控时与电池外部保持相对密封的状态，防止外界水汽及灰尘对电池使用造成负面影响。
在一些实施例中，所述第一薄弱区的材料的熔点低于所述防护构件上除所述第一薄弱区以外的其他区域的材料的熔点。
采用温敏材料设置该第一薄弱区，使得泄压机构致动时，即使在收集腔内压力较低时，该第一薄弱区仍然能够被破坏，进而及时排出电池单体排出的排放物。
在一些实施例中，所述第一薄弱区的材料的熔点小于或者等于200℃。
考虑到电池单体发生热失控时，排出的排放物通常可以达到400℃到800℃之间，而经过热管理部件后，该高温排放物到达防护构件时的温度能达到200℃到400℃，为了使得到达防护构件的排放物能够熔化第一薄弱区，该第一薄弱区的材料的熔点可以设置为小于或者等于200℃。
在一些实施例中，所述多个侧壁上设置有所述第一薄弱区，所述多个侧壁在所述第一薄弱区处的壁厚等于所述多个侧壁在其他区域处的壁厚，以保证侧壁的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一薄弱区包括所述防护构件上的刻痕。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件上设置有第二泄压区，以在所述泄压机构致动时所述电池单体内排出的排放物能够穿过所述第二泄压区排放至所述收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述第二泄压区与所述泄压机构相对设置。
这样，在泄压机构致动时，排出的排放物能够直接通过该第二泄压区排出电气腔。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件上设置有流道，所述流道用于容纳所述流体，并在所述泄压机构致动时被所述电池单体内排出的排放物破坏，以使所述流体从所述流道的内部排出。
在一些实施例中，所述流道的壁上设置有第二薄弱区，以在所述泄压机构致动时，所述流道在所述第二薄弱区处被破坏，这样，流道内的流体能够直接排出，从而对排放物进行降温。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件包括第一导热板和第二导热板，所述第一导热板位于第一壁和所述第二导热板之间且附接于所述第一壁，所述第一壁为所述电池单体的设置有所述泄压机构的壁，所述第一导热板与所述第二导热板贴合，所述第二导热板具有开口朝向所述第一导热板的第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽与所述第一导热板形成所述流道。
在一些实施例中，所述第二薄弱区位于所述第一凹槽的侧壁或者底壁。
在一些实施例中，所述第二泄压区为所述热管理部件上的第二通孔。
将第二泄压区设置为第二通孔，能够使得从泄压机构排出的排放物快速通过第二通孔排至收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述第二通孔的侧壁上设置有所述第二薄弱区。
第二通孔的孔壁为流道的壁，这样，排放物经过该第二通孔时，能够破坏该第二薄弱区，从而使得流道内的流体排出，以对排放物进行降温。
在一些实施例中，所述第二泄压区为所述热管理部件上的与所述泄压机构相对设置的第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽的底壁用于在所述泄压机构致动时被所述电池单体内排出的排放物破坏，以将所述电池单体内排出的排放物排出至所述收集腔。
将第二泄压区设置为凹槽，使得电池单体在热失控时，泄压机构有足够的空间泄放压力且在电池单体正常工作时，电气腔和收集腔相互不连通，电气腔不会受到收集腔的影响。
在一些实施例中，所述第二凹槽的径向尺寸在沿远离所述泄压机构的方向上逐渐变小。
第二凹槽的孔径的变化可以增大第二凹槽的孔壁的面积，也就增加了电池单体通过泄压机构排出的排放物与第二凹槽的孔壁之间的接触面积，可以为更多的排放物降温；另外，更多的排放物接触第二凹槽的孔壁，还可以使得该第二凹槽的孔壁更容易被排放物破坏，尤其是在第二凹槽的孔壁作为流道的壁的情况下，第二凹槽的侧壁被破坏可以使得内部流体迅速流出，对排放物降温。
在一些实施例中，所述第一导热板在所述第二泄压区向所述第二导热板凹陷以形成所述第二凹槽。
在一些实施例中，所述第二凹槽设置于所述第一凹槽内，以使所述第一凹槽的侧壁和所述第二凹槽的侧壁之间形成所述流道。
在一些实施例中，所述第二凹槽的侧壁上设置有所述第二薄弱区。
也就是说，第二凹槽的侧壁即为流道的壁，排放物破坏第二凹槽的底壁并进入收集腔的同时，也会破坏第二凹槽的侧壁上的第二薄弱区，以使得流道内的流体流出，对排放物进行降温。
在一些实施例中，所述第二薄弱区的材料的熔点低于所述流道上除所述第二薄弱区以外的其他区域的材料的熔点。
在一些实施例中，所述第二薄弱区的材料的熔点小于或者等于400℃。
考虑到电池单体发生热失控时，排出的排放物通常可以达到400℃到800℃之间，因此，第二薄弱区的材料可以选择熔点小于或者等于400℃的材料。
在一些实施例中，所述流道在所述第二薄弱区处的壁厚等于在所述流道的其他区域处的壁厚，以保证热管理部件上流道的强度。
在一些实施例中，所述第二薄弱区的材料的熔点小于所述第一薄弱区的材料的熔点。
考虑到排放物从泄压机构排出后，首先接触热管理部件，因此可以将该热管理部件上的第二薄弱区的材料的熔点设置的较高，这样还可以避免热管理部件过度薄弱；排放物经过热管理部件进入收集腔时，由于热管理部件已经对排放物降温，排放物降温较快，所以可以将收集腔上的第一薄弱区的材料的熔点设置较低，即可使得该第一薄弱区可以被快速熔化，将排放物排出收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体还包括罩体，所述罩体为一端开口的中空结构，所述热管理部件盖合所述罩体的开口，以形成所述电气腔。
第二方面，提供了一种电池，所述电池包括：多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；第一方面中的电池的箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述多个电池单体。
第三方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括：第二方面中的电池，用于提供电能。
在一些实施例中，所述用电设备为车辆、船舶或航天器。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的箱体的方法，包括：提供电气腔，所述电气腔用于容纳多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供热管理部件，所述热管理部件用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度；以及，提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集从所述电池单体内排出并穿过所述热管理部件的排放物，其中，所述电气腔和所述收集腔设置于所述热管理部件的两侧，所述热管理部件用于隔开所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，所述第一泄压区用于泄放所述收集腔内的所述排放物。
第五方面，提供了一种制备电池的箱体的装置，包括执行上述第四方面的方法的模块。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池模组的局部结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的爆炸图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的剖面图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的一种电气腔的爆炸图；
图7是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电气腔的爆炸图；
图8是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的箱体结构示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的箱体结构示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的箱体的爆炸图；
图11是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的爆炸图；
图12是本申请一实施例公开的一种防护构件的示意图；
图13是本申请一实施例公开的另一种防护构件的剖面示意图；
图14是本申请一实施例公开的一种热管理部件的爆炸图；
图15是本申请一实施例公开的一种热管理部件和防护构件安装后的俯视图；
图16是本申请一实施例公开的一种热管理部件和防护构件的剖面示意图；
图17是本申请一实施例公开的一种热管理部件和防护构件的剖面的局部放大图；
图18是本申请一实施例公开的一种热管理部件和防护构件的另一剖面示意图；
图19是本申请一实施例公开的一种制备电池的箱体的方法示意性流程图；
图20是本申请一实施例公开的一种制备电池的箱体的装置的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上(包括两个)；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”和“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括一次电池、二次电池，例如可以是锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池包一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，为了提高电池的安全性能，对电池单体一般会设置泄压机构。泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该预定阈值可以根据设计需求不同而进行调整。所述预定阈值可取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如对压力敏感或温度敏感的元件或部件，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构致动，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的 至少一部分破裂、被撕裂或者熔化，等等。泄压机构在致动后，电池单体内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从泄压机构向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当电池单体发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
目前的泄压机构设计方案中，主要关注将电池单体内部的高压和高热释放，即将所述排放物排出到电池单体外部。然而，为了保证电池的输出电压或电流，往往需要多个电池单体且多个电池单体之间通过汇流部件进行电连接。从电池单体内部排出的排放物有可能导致其余电池单体发生短路现象，例如，当排出的金属屑电连接两个汇流部件时会引起电池发生短路，因而存在安全隐患。并且，高温高压的排放物朝向电池单体设置泄压机构的方向排放，并且可更具体地沿朝向泄压机构致动的区域的方向排放，这种排放物的威力和破坏力可能很大，甚至可能足以冲破在该方向上的一个或多个结构，造成进一步的安全问题。
鉴于此，本申请实施例的电池内还可以设置热管理部件，该热管理部件的表面与电池单体的设置有泄压机构的表面附接，并且，该热管理部件上还可以设置有泄压区。利用该管理部件可以将电池的箱体的内部分离成容纳电池单体的电气腔与收集排放物的收集腔，在泄压机构致动时，电池单体的排放物能够进入收集腔，从而减小排放物对电气腔中的汇流部件的影响，因此能够增强电池的安全性；且由于电池单体的排放物经由收集腔收集，高温高压排放物得到了缓冲，排放物的压力及温度有所降低，减小了其对其他结构的破坏力，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
但是进入收集腔的排放物若无法及时排出，那么很可能引发热扩散，该排放物很可能引起其他电池单体也发生热失控，进而引发电池发生爆炸。
为了解决这一问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池的箱体，该箱体包括电气腔、热管理部件和收集腔，并且在收集腔上设置有第一泄压区，该第一泄压区用于泄放收集腔内的排放物，以使得排放物能够从收集腔内及时排出，泄放收集腔内的压力和温度，防止发生爆炸。
应理解，本申请实施例的该热管理部件可以用于容纳流体以给多个电池单体调节温度。这里的流体可以是液体或气体，调节温度是指给多个电池单体加热或者冷却。在给电池单体冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件用于容纳冷却流体以给多个电池单体降低温度，此时，热管理部件也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。另外，热管理部件也可以用于加热以给多个电池单体升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，所述流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，流体可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
另外，在泄压机构致动时，电池单体内排出的排放物能够通过该热管理部件的泄压区排出，并且，该热管理部件还可以为电池单体降温，以避免电池单体发生爆炸。
本申请实施例的电气腔可以用于容纳多个电池单体，还可以用于容纳汇流部件。电气腔可以是密封或非密封的。电气腔提供电池单体和汇流部件的安装空间。在一些实施例中，电气腔中还可以设置用于固定电池单体的结构。电气腔的形状可以根据所容纳的多个电池单体和汇流部件而定。在一些实施例中，电气腔可以为方形，具有六个壁。由于电气腔内的电池单体通过电连接形成较高的电压输出，电气腔也可以称为“高压腔”。
汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。汇流部件可通过连接电池单体的电极端子实现电池单体之间的电连接。在一些实施例中，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体的电极端子。对应于“高压腔”，汇流部件形成的电连接也可称为“高压连接”。
本申请实施例的收集腔用于收集排放物，可以是密封或非密封的。在一些实施例中，所述收集腔内可以包含空气，或者其他气体。收集腔内没有连接至电压输出的电连接，对应于“高压腔”，收集腔也可以称为“低压腔”。可选地，或附加地，所述收集腔内也可以包含液体，比如冷却介质，或者，设置容纳该液体的部件，以对进入收集腔的排放物进一步降温。进一步可选地，收集腔内的气体或者液体是循环流动的。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20，其中，多个电池单体20之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池10也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体20可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块200，多个电池模块200再串联或并联或混联组成电池10。也就是说，多个电池单体20可以直接组成电池10，也可以先组成电池模块200，电池模块200再组成电池10。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括至少一个电池模块200。电池模块200包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体11，箱体11内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体11内。如图2所示，箱体11可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据电池模块200组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112中至少一个具有一个开口。例如，如图2所示，该第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体11。再例如，不同于图2所示，第一部分111和第二部分112中可以仅有一个为具有开口的中空长方体，而另一个为板状，以盖合开口。例如，这里以第二部分112为中空长方体且只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111为板状为例，那么第一部分111盖合在第二部分112的开口处以形成具有封闭腔室的箱体11，该腔室可以用于容纳多个电池单体20。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体11内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体11而引出。
根据不同的电力需求，电池模块200中的电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块200。电池模块200中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。例如，图3为电池模块200的一个示例。电池10可以包括多个电池模块200，这些电池模块200可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
图4为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211和盖板212。壳体211和盖板212形成外壳21。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁。壳体211根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。盖板212覆盖开口并且与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体20还可以包括两个电极端子214，两个电极端子214可以设置 在盖板212上。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为第一电极端子214a和第二电极端子214b。两个电极端子214的极性相反。例如，当第一电极端子214a为正电极端子时，第二电极端子214b为负电极端子。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图4所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221a为正极极耳时，第二极耳222a为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子连接。例如，正的第一电极端子214a通过一个连接构件23与正极极耳连接，负的第二电极端子214b通过另一个连接构件23与负极极耳连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图4所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
在电池单体20的一个壁上还可以设置泄压机构213。如图4所示，电池单体20的第一壁21a上设置泄压机构213。图4中的第一壁21a与壳体211分离，即壳体211的底侧具有开口，第一壁21a覆盖底侧开口并且与壳体211连接，连接方式可以是焊接或胶接等。可替换地，第一壁21a与壳体211也可以是一体式结构。泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
该泄压机构213可以为第一壁21a的一部分，也可以与第一壁21a为分体式结构，通过例如焊接的方式固定在第一壁21a上。当泄压机构213为第一壁21a的一部分时，例如，泄压机构213可以通过在第一壁21a上设置刻痕的方式形成，与该刻痕的对应的第一壁21a厚度小于泄压机构213除刻痕处其他区域的厚度。刻痕处是泄压机构213最薄弱的位置。当电池单体20产生的气体太多使得壳体211内部压力升高并达到阈值或电池单体20内部反应产生热量造成电池单体20内部温度升高并达到阈值时，泄压机构213可以在刻痕处发生破裂而导致壳体211内外相通，气体压力及温度通过泄压机构213的裂开向外释放，进而避免电池单体20发生爆炸。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，如图4所示，在泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的第一壁21a的情况下，电池单体20的第二壁设置有电极端子214，第二壁不同于第一壁21a。
可选地，第二壁与第一壁21a相对设置。例如，第一壁21a可以为电池单体20的底壁，第二壁可以为电池单体20的盖板212。
将泄压机构213和电极端子214设置于电池单体20的不同壁上，可以使得泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物更加远离电极端子214，从而减小排放物对电极端子214和汇流部件的影响，因此能够增强电池10的安全性。
进一步地，在电极端子214设置于电池单体20的盖板212上时，将泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的底壁，可以使得泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物向电池10底部排放。这样，一方面可以利用电池10底部的热管理部件降低排放物的危险性，另一方面，当电池10设置于车辆内时，电池10底部通常会远离乘客， 从而能够降低对乘客的危害。
泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
图5是本申请一个实施例的电池10的箱体11的示意图。如图5所示，箱体11可以包括电气腔11a、收集腔11b以及热管理部件13。具体地，如图5所示，电气腔11a和收集腔11b设置于热管理部件13的两侧，热管理部件13用于隔开电气腔11a和收集腔11b；该电气腔11a可以用于容纳多个电池单体20，电池单体20包括泄压机构213，泄压机构213用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力；该热管理部件13用于容纳流体以给电池单体20调节温度；该收集腔11b用于在泄压机构213致动时收集从电池单体20内排出并穿过热管理部件13的排放物。另外，如图5所示，收集腔11b的壁上设置有第一泄压区113，第一泄压区113用于泄放收集腔11b内的排放物。
因此，本申请实施例的电池10的箱体11，通过在收集腔11b的壁上设置第一泄压区113，使得在泄压机构213致动时，由电池单体20通过泄压机构213排出的排放物进入收集腔11b之后，可以通过收集腔11b的壁上的第一泄压区113及时排出，以泄放收集腔11b内的压力和温度，还可以避免排放物在收集腔11b内堆积而无法排出时导致电池10发生爆炸。
应理解，本申请实施例的如图5所示的电池10的箱体11可以对应于如图1至图4所示的电池10的箱体11，并且适用于相关描述，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例中的热管理部件13用于隔离电气腔11a和收集腔11b。这里所谓的“隔离”指分离，可以不是密封的。
本申请实施例中的电气腔11a用于容纳多个电池单体20，并且也可以用于容纳汇流部件12，即电气腔11a提供电池单体20和汇流部件12的容纳空间，电气腔11a中还可以设置用于固定电池单体20的结构。
汇流部件12用于实现多个电池单体20的电连接。汇流部件12可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子214实现电池单体20间的电连接。
多个电池单体20中的至少一个电池单体20可以包括泄压机构213，泄压机构213用于在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
为了便于描述，以下关于泄压机构213的相关描述中所涉及的电池单体20指设有泄压机构213的电池单体20。例如，电池单体20可以为图4中的电池单体20。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，采用热管理部件13隔离电气腔11a和收集腔11b，即容纳多个电池单体20和汇流部件12的电气腔11a与收集排放物的收集腔11b是分离设置的，而热管理部件13具有为电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁。如图 5所示，热管理部件13可以同时为电气腔11a的一个壁以及收集腔11b的一个壁。也就是说，热管理部件13(或其一部分)可以看作电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁，这样，电池单体20的排放物可以经过热管理部件13进入收集腔11b，同时，由于热管理部件13的存在，可以将该排放物与电气腔11a尽可能的隔离，从而降低排放物的危险性，增强电池10的安全性。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，箱体11还可以包括罩体110，该罩体110可以为一端开口的中空结构，电气腔11a可以由具有开口的该罩体110和热管理部件13形成。例如，图6示出了本申请实施例的电气腔11a的爆炸图，如图6所示，箱体11的电气腔11a可以包括具有一端开口的罩体110(例如图6中下侧开口)。具有开口的罩体110为半封闭的腔室，具有与外部相通的开口，热管理部件13盖合该开口，形成腔室，即电气腔11a。
可选地，罩体110也可以由多部分组成，例如，图7示出了本申请实施例的电气腔11a的另一爆炸图。图7的实施例可以在图2的基础上改进而得到。具体而言，可以将图2所示的箱体11看作电气腔11a，即形成电气腔11a的罩体110包括第一部分111和第二部分112。只需要将图2中的第二部分112的底壁替换为热管理部件13，将热管理部件13作为电气腔11a的一个壁，从而形成图7中的电气腔11a。换句话说，当将图2中的第二部分112的底壁去掉，即，形成两侧开口的环壁，第一部分111和热管理部件13分别盖合第二部分112的两侧开口，形成腔室，即电气腔11a。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，对于收集腔11b，可以由热管理部件13和防护构件115形成。例如，图8示出了本申请实施例的箱体11的示意图，其中，图8中的电气腔11a为图6所示的电气腔11a；图9示出了本申请实施例的箱体11的另一示意图，其中，图9中的电气腔11a为图7所示的电气腔11a。如图8和图9所示，箱体11还包括防护构件115。防护构件115用于防护热管理部件13，并且，防护构件115与热管理部件13形成收集腔11b。
防护构件115与热管理部件13形成的收集腔11b，不占用可容纳电池单体20的空间，因此可以设置较大空间的收集腔11b，从而可以有效地收集和缓冲排放物，降低其危险性。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，收集腔11b内还可以设置流体，比如冷却介质，或者，设置容纳该流体的部件，以对进入收集腔11b内的排放物进一步降温。但收集腔11b内设置的流体并不会影响收集腔11b的壁上设置的第一泄压区113将排放物排出。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，收集腔11b可以是密封的腔室。例如，防护构件115与热管理部件13的连接处可以通过密封构件密封。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，收集腔11b也可以不是密封的腔室。例如，收集腔11b的第一泄压区113可以是不密封的，使得收集腔11b可以与外部空气连通，这样，一部分排放物可以直接排放到箱体11外部。
在上述实施例中，热管理部件13盖合罩体110的开口形成电气腔11a，热管理部件13与防护构件115形成收集腔11b。可选地，热管理部件13也可以直接将封 闭的箱体11分隔为电气腔11a和收集腔11b，而无需设置额外的防护构件115。
例如，在本申请一个实施例中，图10示出了本申请另一实施例的电池10的箱体11的爆炸图，该图10的箱体11可以对应于图2所示的箱体11。如图10所述，该箱体11可以包括第一部分111、第二部分112和热管理部件13，并且第一部分111、第二部分112和热管理部件13能够形成电气腔11a和收集腔11b。具体地，图10所示的第一部分111和第二部分112均为一侧具有开口的空腔结构，分别可以形成半封闭结构。热管理部件13可以设置于第二部分112的内部，第一部分111盖合第二部分112的开口。换句话说，可以先将热管理部件13设置于半封闭的第二部分112内，以隔离出收集腔11b，再将第一部分111盖合第二部分112的开口，形成电气腔11a，这样，对比图10和图9可知，可以由第二部分112的底壁代替防护构件115以形成收集腔11b。
为了便于描述，下文中以热管理部件13和防护构件115构成收集腔11b为例进行说明，但同样适用于其他情况，本申请实施例并不限于此。
具体地，图11示出了本申请实施例的电池10的爆炸图，如图11所示，该电池10包括罩体110、热管理部件13、防护构件115和多个电池单体20，其中，罩体110和热管理部件13构成电气腔11a，以用于容纳电池单体20；热管理部件13和防护构件115形成收集腔11b，以在电池单体20的泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20排出的排放物穿过热管理部件13进入收集腔11b，该收集腔11b上的第一泄压区113将排放物排出。
可选地，本申请实施例的第一泄压区113可以设置在防收集腔11b的任意一个或者多个壁上。例如，可以在热管理部件13上设置该第一泄压区113，以使得泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20排出的排放物通过热管理部件13排放至收集腔11b后，再通过热管理部件13上设置的第一泄压区113排出，避免收集腔11b内气压过大或者温度过高而引起电池10爆炸。
可选地，本申请实施例的第一泄压区113也可以设置在收集腔11b的其他壁上，例如还可以设置在防护构件115上。具体地，图12示出了本申请实施例的防护构件115的示意图，图13示出了本申请实施例的另一防护构件115的剖面图。如图11至图13所示，本申请实施例的防护构件115包括底壁1151和多个侧壁1152，以形成一端开口的中空结构，热管理部件13盖合开口以形成收集腔11b。
可选地，该第一泄压区113可以设置在防护构件115的底壁1151和/或多个侧壁1152上。考虑到如果将第一泄压区113设置在防护构件115的底壁1151上，则防护构件115的底壁1151在该第一泄压区113处相对薄弱，那么在电池10使用过程中，可能会影响电池10的结构强度，影响该电池10的碰撞安全性能。因此，如图11中图13所示，通常在多个侧壁1152上设置有第一泄压区113。
另外，本申请实施例中第一泄压区113的个数以及每个第一泄压区113的面积大小和形状都可以根据实际应用进行设置。如果将第一泄压区113的个数设置较多，每个第一泄压区113的面积设置过大，则会影响该防护构件115的结构强度，但如果将第一泄压区113的个数设置较少，每个第一泄压区113的面积设置较小，则会 影响排放物的排放，因此，可以根据防护构件115的尺寸和强度需求合理设置第一泄压区113的个数以及每个第一泄压区113的面积大小。而每个第一泄压区113的形状也可以灵活设置，并且多个第一泄压区113的形状也可以相同或者不同。例如，为了便于加工，可以将全部第一泄压区113设置为相同形状，比如图11至图13所示的矩形，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
可选地，如图11至图13所示，可以在多个侧壁1152中一个侧壁1152或者多个侧壁1152上设置第一泄压区113，并且每个侧壁1152上可以设置一个或者多个第一泄压区113。另外，若每个侧壁1152上设置多个第一泄压区113，可以设置该多个第一泄压区113在每个侧壁1152上均匀排列，以使得该防护构件115受力均匀，保证该防护构件115的结构强度。
应理解，本申请实施例中的第一泄压区113可以通过多种方式实现。可选地，该第一泄压区113可以为通孔，例如，防护构件115上设置有至少一个第一通孔，第一泄压区113包括该第一通孔。可选地，该第一泄压区113也可以为该防护构件115上的薄弱区，例如，防护构件115上设置有至少一个第一薄弱区，该第一薄弱区能够在泄压机构213致动时被收集腔11b内的排放物破坏，以使排放物从收集腔11b排出，该第一泄压区113包括该第一薄弱区。
可选地，本申请实施例的第一薄弱区可以为该防护构件115上的凹槽，该凹槽的底壁的厚度比防护构件115上其他区域的厚度小，从而形成第一薄弱区。可选地，该凹槽的开口可以朝向该收集腔11b的内部，也可以朝向收集腔11b的外部；该凹槽可以包括该防护构件115上的刻痕。当然，可以理解的是，第一薄弱区也直接是防护构件115上的刻痕。
可选地，本申请实施例的第一薄弱区也可以为温敏材料所在区域，即第一薄弱区的材料采用温敏材料，该温敏材料用于在温度达到阈值时熔化，即将第一薄弱区的材料的熔点设定低于防护构件115上除第一薄弱区以外的其他区域的材料的熔点，使得采用温敏材料的第一薄弱区能够在排放物温度达到一定值时被熔化。具体地，可以根据电池单体20发生热失控时排出的排放物的温度，合理选择该第一薄弱区的材料。例如，考虑到电池单体20发生热失控时，排出的排放物通常可以达到400℃到800℃之间，而经过热管理部件13后，由于该热管理部件13的降温作用，该高温排放物到达防护构件115时的温度能达到200℃到400℃，为了使得第一薄弱区能够被熔化，该第一薄弱区的材料的熔点可以设置为小于或者等于200℃，例如，第一薄弱区的材料可以选择锡合金材料，或者也可以采用聚丙烯工程塑料材料，使得在温度达到200℃时，第一薄弱区能够立马被熔化，从而使得排放物通过熔化区域顺利排出收集腔11b。
相比于采用强度薄弱的凹槽或刻痕的方式设置该第一薄弱区，选择温敏材料设置该第一薄弱区可以保证该第一薄弱区的机械强度，保证电池10使用过程中箱体11的碰撞安全性；并且，采用温敏材料设置该第一薄弱区能够在收集腔11b内气体压力不足时，仅通过收集腔11b内的温度变化，而使得第一薄弱区快速被熔化，相比于需要气体积聚至一定压力而被破坏的凹槽或刻痕，采用温敏材料设置第一薄弱区能够 更加及时的排出排放物，增强电池10使用的安全性。
为了保证防护构件115的结构强度，选择温敏材料的第一薄弱区的厚度通常与其他区域的厚度保持一致。例如，在多个侧壁1152上设置有第一薄弱区时，多个侧壁1152在第一薄弱区处的壁厚等于多个侧壁1152在其他区域处的壁厚。
图14示出了本申请实施例的一种热管理部件13的爆炸图，图15示出了本申请实施例的一种热管理部件13和防护构件115安装后的俯视图，图16为热管理部件13和防护构件115安装后沿着图15所示的A-A’方向上的剖面示意图，图17为图16中区域A的局部放大图，图18为热管理部件13和防护构件115安装后沿着图15所示的B-B’方向上的剖面示意图。
如图14至图18所示，本申请实施例的热管理部件13上设置有流道134，流道134用于容纳流体，并且，流道134可以在泄压机构213致动时被电池单体20内排出的排放物破坏，以使流体从流道134的内部排出；热管理部件13上还可以设置有第二泄压区133，以在泄压机构213致动时电池单体20内排出的排放物能够穿过第二泄压区133排放至收集腔11b。
本申请实施例的第二泄压区133可以根据泄压机构213的位置和大小进行设置。例如，为了能够使得泄压机构213致动时，排放物顺利通过第二泄压区133排至收集腔11b，该第二泄压区133可以与泄压机构213相对设置，还可以设置该第二泄压区133的面积大于该泄压机构213的面积。另外，第二泄压区133的形状也可以根据泄压机构213的形状和面积进行设置，例如，本申请实施例以第二泄压区133的形状和泄压机构213的形状相同，均为如图14和图15所示的跑道形为例进行说明，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请实施例的流道134的大小、位置和形状可以根据实际应用进行设置。如图14至图18所示，本申请实施例的流道134可以设置为长条形；为了能够使得泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20内排出的排放物能够穿过第二泄压区133，并破坏流道134，以使流体从流道134内排出，从而对排放物降温，可以将流道134设置在第二泄压区133的周围，并且，不同位置处的流道134的截面形状或者尺寸可以相同，也可以不同，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
如图134至图18所示，本申请实施例的热管理部件13可以包括第一导热板131和第二导热板132。结合图5、图11、图14至图18所示，第一导热板131位于泄压机构213所在的第一壁21a和第二导热板132之间，并且第一导热板131附接于第一壁21a，第一导热板131与第二导热板132贴合。其中，第二导热板132具有开口朝向第一导热板131的第一凹槽1321，第一凹槽1321与第一导热板131形成流道134。其中，第二导热板132上设置的一个或者多个第一凹槽1321的尺寸可以相同或者不同，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例中第一导热板131附接于电池单体20的第一壁21a可以包括第一导热板131直接与第一壁21a接触，也可以包括第一导热板131通过导热胶或其他物质与第一壁21a连接，以实现第一导热板131与电池单体20的第一壁21a之间的热交换。
可选地，本申请实施例的流道134的壁上可以设置有第二薄弱区135，以在泄压机构213致动时，流道134更容易被破坏，即该流道134可以在第二薄弱区135处被破坏，流道134内的流体流出，对排放物进行降温。
可选地，该第二薄弱区135可以通过多种方式实现。例如，该第二薄弱区135可以为流道134的壁上的刻痕；或者，该第二薄弱区135也可以采用温敏材料，即该第二薄弱区135的材料的熔点低于流道134上除第二薄弱区135以外的其他区域的材料的熔点，以使得该第二薄弱区135在温度达到一定值时，能够被熔化。具体地，可以根据电池单体20排出的排放物的温度，选择第二薄弱区135的材料。例如，考虑到电池单体20发生热失控时，排出的排放物通常可以达到400℃到800℃之间，因此，第二薄弱区135的材料可以选择熔点小于或者等于400℃的材料，这样，排放物接触该第二薄弱区135，可以熔化该第二薄弱区135，导致该第二薄弱区135被破坏。例如，该第二薄弱区135可以采用锡合金材料，或者也可以采用聚丙烯工程塑料材料。
考虑到热管理部件13上流道134的强度，该流道134在第二薄弱区135处的壁厚通常设置为等于在流道134的其他区域处的壁厚，以免在电池10使用过程中，第二薄弱区135在电池单体20未发生热失控时提前被破坏。例如，第二薄弱区135可以采用锡合金材料，而流道134其余区域采用铝材，二者厚度可以设置为相同，并通过焊接或者结构胶等方式连接，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
相比于采用刻痕的方式设置该第二薄弱区135，采用温敏材料设置该第二薄弱区135可以保证流道134的结构强度，也就保证了热管理部件13的结构强度，使得电池10的正常使用过程中，该第二薄弱区135不易于被破坏；并且，采用凹槽的方式设置该第二薄弱区135时，需要作用于该第二薄弱区135表面的气压足够大，采用温敏材料设置该第二薄弱区135能够在气体压力不足时，通过感应温度变化，而使得第二薄弱区135快速被熔化，相比于需要气体积聚而被破坏的凹槽，采用温敏材料设置第二薄弱区135能够更加及时的破坏流道134，实现对热失控电池单体20降温的及时性，增强电池10的安全性。
考虑到电池单体20发生热失控时，排出的排放物会先经过热管理部件13后达到收集腔11b，即该排放物会先破坏第二薄弱区135，所以该第二薄弱区135的材料的熔点可以设置的较大，既可以保证流道134的强度，又可以在排放物接触该第二薄弱区135时，熔化该第二薄弱区135，以使流道134内的流体排出，对热失控电池单体20、排放物及箱体11进行降温，而降温后的排放物进入收集腔11b时，温度已经下降，因此，可以将第二薄弱区135的材料的熔点设置为小于第一泄压区113包括的第一薄弱区的材料的熔点，以使降温后的排放物可以熔化第一泄压区113的材料，将排放物排出收集腔11b。
可选地，本申请实施例的第二薄弱区135的形状和面积可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，该第二薄弱区135的面积不宜设置过大，大面积的第二薄弱区135会导致流道134过度薄弱，无法保证流道134的机械强度；而且泄压机构213致动时，如果大面积的第二薄弱区135被破坏，会造成流道134内的流体的浪费。
可选地，本申请实施例的第二薄弱区135的位置可以根据实际应用进行设 置，该第二薄弱区135可以设置在流道134的任意一个或者多个位置处。例如，在泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物可以通过热管理部件13的第二泄压区133排出至收集腔11b，因此，可以根据第二泄压区133设置该第二薄弱区135的位置，以使得经过第二泄压区133的排放物能够破坏该第二薄弱区135；另外，也可以根据流道134的位置，合理设置该第二薄弱区135的位置。下面将结合附图进行举例说明。
可选地，本申请实施例的第二泄压区133可以为热管理部件13上的通孔，例如，该热管理部件13上可以设置有贯穿第一导热板131和第二导热板132的第二通孔，该第二泄压区133为该第二通孔。并且，该第二通孔的侧壁可以为流道134的壁，那么该第二通孔的侧壁上可以设置有该第二薄弱区135，以使得电池单体20的排放物经过该第二通孔时，能够破坏孔壁上的第二薄弱区135，从而使得流道134内的流体顺利流出。
可选地，本申请实施例的第二泄压区133还可以为热管理部件13上的第二凹槽1311。具体地，该第二泄压区133为热管理部件13上的与泄压机构213相对设置的第二凹槽1311，第二凹槽1311的底壁用于在泄压机构213致动时被电池单体20内排出的排放物破坏，以将电池单体20内排出的排放物排出至收集腔11b。可选地，该第二凹槽1311的开口可以朝向泄压机构213或者也可以背离该泄压机构213。
若该第二凹槽1311的侧壁为流道134的一个壁，该第二薄弱区135还可以设置在第二凹槽1311的侧壁上。为了便于说明，下面以图14至图18为例进行说明。如图14至图18所示，以第二凹槽1311的开口朝向泄压机构213为例，本申请实施例的第二凹槽1311可以通过热管理部件13的第一导热板131实现，即第一导热板131在第二泄压区133向第二导热板132凹陷，从而形成第二凹槽1311，这样，泄压机构213至该第二凹槽1311的底壁之间具有空隙，能够为泄压机构213提供变形空间，从而保证电池单体20热失控时，该泄压机构213能够顺利打开，以提高电池10的安全性。
可选地，第二凹槽1311的尺寸可以根据实际应用进行设置，例如，如图14至图18所示，本申请实施例的第二凹槽1311的径向尺寸在沿远离泄压机构213的方向上可以逐渐变小，第二凹槽1311的孔径的这种变化可以增大第二凹槽1311的孔壁的面积，也就增加了电池单体20通过泄压机构213排出的排放物与第二凹槽1311的孔壁之间的接触面积，可以为更多的排放物降温；另外，更多的排放物接触第二凹槽1311的孔壁，还可以使得该第二凹槽1311的孔壁更容易被排放物破坏，尤其是在第二凹槽1311的孔壁作为流道134的壁的情况下，第二凹槽1311的侧壁被破坏可以使得内部流体迅速流出，对排放物降温。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，第二凹槽1311的径向尺寸在沿远离泄压机构213的方向上也可以是保持不变的。
可选地，本申请实施例的第二泄压区133还可以为通孔和凹槽结合使用的情况，例如，还可以以图14为例，通过在第二凹槽1311底壁设置第三通孔1312，以及对应的在第二导热板132上设置第四通孔1322，可以形成该第二泄压区133，本申请实施例并不限于此。
或者，采用凹槽和通孔形成该第二泄压区133还可以包括其他方式。例 如，该第二凹槽1311的底壁上设置有第三通孔1312，但第三通孔1312的截面面积小于该第二凹槽1311的底壁的面积，而对应的第二导热板132上未设置第四通孔1322，通过该第二凹槽1311的底壁上非通孔的区域与第二导热板132连接，可以形成第二泄压区133；或者，该第二凹槽1311的底壁上未设置有第三通孔1312，但对应的第二导热板132上设置有第四通孔1322，但第四通孔1322的截面面积小于该第二凹槽1311的底壁的面积，通过该第二凹槽1311的底壁与第二导热板132上第四通孔1322周围的区域连接，也可以形成第二泄压区133，本申请实施例并不限于此。
可选地，如图14至图18所示，本申请实施例的第二凹槽1311可以设置于第一凹槽1321内，以使第一凹槽1321的侧壁和第二凹槽1311的侧壁之间形成流道134；对应的，第二凹槽1311的侧壁上可以设置有第二薄弱区135，排放物在破坏第二泄压区133的同时，还能够破坏第二凹槽1311的侧壁上的第二薄弱区135，以使得流道134内的流体流出，并可以直接喷向热失控的电池单体20，从而直接起到对热失控的电池单体20的降温效果。
可选地，该第二薄弱区135还可以位于流道134的其他位置，例如，如图14和图17所示，对于由第一凹槽1321与第一导热板131上未设置第二凹槽1311的区域形成的流道134，第二薄弱区135还可以位于形成该流道134的第一凹槽1321的侧壁或者底壁。可选地，该第一凹槽1321的侧壁或者底壁设置的该第二薄弱区135通常选择温敏材料，考虑到电池单体20排出的排放物进入收集腔11b时，可能气压不足，但是温度仍然可能较高，所以采用温敏材料设置该第二薄弱区135可以使得排放物通过在该第一凹槽1321的侧壁或者底壁设置的第二薄弱区135快速破坏流道134的壁，使得流道134内的流体直接流到收集腔11b内，进一步降低防护构件115的温度，也能间接起到对热失控的电池单体20的降温效果。
因此，本申请实施例的电池10包括电气腔11a和收集腔11b，电气腔11a和收集腔11b分别设置在热管理部件13的两侧，当电池单体20发生热失控时，泄压机构213致动，排出的排放物可以通过热管理部件13进入收集腔11b，通过在收集腔11b上设置的第一泄压区113，能够将该排放物排出收集腔11b，以泄放收集腔11b内的压力和温度，提高电池10使用过程的安全性。另外，还可以在热管理部件13上设置第二薄弱区135，例如，可以在流道134上设置该第二薄弱区135，电池单体20通过泄压机构213排出的排放物能够破坏该第二薄弱区135，以使流道134内的流体流出，以对电池单体20降温，也可以对收集腔11b及收集腔11b内的排放物进行降温，进一步减少电池10发生爆炸的可能。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池10的箱体11、电池10和用电设备，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池的箱体的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图19示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的箱体的方法300的示意性流程图。如图19所示，该方法300可以包括：S310，提供电气腔，所述电气腔用于容纳多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；S320，提供热管理部件，所述热管 理部件用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度；以及，S330，提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集从所述电池单体内排出并穿过所述热管理部件的排放物，其中，所述电气腔和所述收集腔设置于所述热管理部件的两侧，所述热管理部件用于隔开所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，所述第一泄压区用于泄放所述收集腔内的所述排放物。
图20示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的箱体的装置400的示意性框图。如图20所示，该装置400可以包括：提供模块410。该提供模块410用于：提供电气腔，所述电气腔用于容纳多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供热管理部件，所述热管理部件用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度；以及，提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集从所述电池单体内排出并穿过所述热管理部件的排放物，其中，所述电气腔和所述收集腔设置于所述热管理部件的两侧，所述热管理部件用于隔开所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，所述第一泄压区用于泄放所述收集腔内的所述排放物。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种电池的箱体，其特征在于，包括：
    电气腔(11a)，用于容纳多个电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)包括泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    热管理部件(13)，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体(20)调节温度；以及，
    收集腔(11b)，用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时收集从所述电池单体(20)内排出并穿过所述热管理部件(13)的排放物，
    其中，所述电气腔(11a)和所述收集腔(11b)设置于所述热管理部件(13)的两侧，所述热管理部件(13)用于隔开所述电气腔(11a)和所述收集腔(11b)，所述收集腔(11b)的壁设置有第一泄压区(113)，所述第一泄压区(113)用于泄放所述收集腔(11b)内的所述排放物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(13)具有为所述电气腔(11a)和所述收集腔(11b)共用的壁。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述箱体包括：
    防护构件(115)，所述防护构件(115)用于防护所述热管理部件(13)，所述防护构件(115)与所述热管理部件(13)形成所述收集腔(11b)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述防护构件(115)包括底壁(1151)和多个侧壁(1152)，以形成一端开口的中空结构，所述热管理部件(13)盖合所述开口以形成所述收集腔(11b)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述多个侧壁(1152)上设置有所述第一泄压区(113)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述多个侧壁(1152)中每个侧壁(1152)上设置多个所述第一泄压区(113)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的箱体，其特征在于，多个所述第一泄压区(113)在所述每个侧壁(1152)上均匀排列。
  8. 根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述防护构件(115)上设置有第一通孔，所述第一泄压区(113)包括所述第一通孔。
  9. 根据权利要求4至8中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述防护构件(115)上设置有第一薄弱区，所述第一薄弱区用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时被所述收集腔(11b)内的所述排放物破坏，以使所述排放物从所述收集腔(11b)排出，所述第一泄压区(113)包括所述第一薄弱区。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第一薄弱区的材料的熔点低于所述防护构件(115)上除所述第一薄弱区以外的其他区域的材料的熔点。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第一薄弱区的材料的熔点小于或者等于200℃。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述多个侧壁(1152)上设置有所述第一薄弱区，所述多个侧壁(1152)在所述第一薄弱区处的壁厚等于所述多个侧壁(1152)在其他区域处的壁厚。
  13. 根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第一薄弱区包括所述防护构件(115)上的刻痕。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(13)上设置有第二泄压区(133)，以在所述泄压机构(213)致动时所述电池单体(20)内排出的排放物能够穿过所述第二泄压区(133)排放至所述收集腔(11b)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二泄压区(133)与所述泄压机构(213)相对设置。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(13)上设置有流道(134)，所述流道(134)用于容纳所述流体，并在所述泄压机构(213)致动时被所述电池单体(20)内排出的排放物破坏，以使所述流体从所述流道(134)的内部排出。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述流道(134)的壁上设置有第二薄弱区(135)，以在所述泄压机构(213)致动时，所述流道(134)在所述第二薄弱区(135)处被破坏。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(13)包括第一导热板(131)和第二导热板(132)，所述第一导热板(131)位于第一壁(21a)和所述第二导热板(132)之间且附接于所述第一壁(21a)，所述第一壁(21a)为所述电池单体(20)的设置有所述泄压机构(213)的壁，所述第一导热板(131)与所述第二导热板(132)贴合，所述第二导热板(132)具有开口朝向所述第一导热板(131)的第一凹槽(1321)，所述第一凹槽(1321)与所述第一导热板(131)形成所述流道(134)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二薄弱区(135)位于所述第一凹槽(1321)的侧壁或者底壁。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二泄压区(133)为所述热管理部件(13)上的第二通孔。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二通孔的侧壁上设置有所述第二薄弱区(135)。
  22. 根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二泄压区(133)为所述热管理部件(13)上的与所述泄压机构(213)相对设置的第二凹槽(1311)，所述第二凹槽(1311)的底壁用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时被所述电池单体(20)内排出的排放物破坏，以将所述电池单体(20)内排出的排放物排出至所述收集腔(11b)。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二凹槽(1311)的径向尺寸在沿远离所述泄压机构(213)的方向上逐渐变小。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(13)包 括第一导热板(131)和第二导热板(132)，所述第一导热板(131)位于第一壁(21a)和所述第二导热板(132)之间且附接于所述第一壁(21a)，所述第一壁(21a)为所述电池单体(20)的设置有所述泄压机构(213)的壁，所述第一导热板(131)与所述第二导热板(132)贴合，所述第二导热板(132)具有开口朝向所述第一导热板(131)的第一凹槽(1321)，所述第一凹槽(1321)与所述第一导热板(131)形成所述流道(134)，所述第一导热板(131)在所述第二泄压区(133)向所述第二导热板(132)凹陷以形成所述第二凹槽(1311)。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二凹槽(1311)设置于所述第一凹槽(1321)内，以使所述第一凹槽(1321)的侧壁和所述第二凹槽(1311)的侧壁之间形成所述流道(134)。
  26. 根据权利要求22至25任一所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二凹槽(1311)的侧壁上设置有所述第二薄弱区(135)。
  27. 根据权利要求17至26中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二薄弱区(135)的材料的熔点低于所述流道(134)上除所述第二薄弱区(135)以外的其他区域的材料的熔点。
  28. 根据权利要求17至27任一所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二薄弱区(135)的材料的熔点小于或者等于400℃。
  29. 根据权利要求17或28所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述流道(134)在所述第二薄弱区(135)处的壁厚等于在所述流道(134)的其他区域处的壁厚。
  30. 根据权利要求17至29中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述箱体还包括：
    防护构件(115)，所述防护构件(115)用于防护所述热管理部件(13)，所述防护构件(115)与所述热管理部件(13)形成所述收集腔(11b)，所述防护构件(115)上设置有第一薄弱区，所述第一薄弱区用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时被所述收集腔(11b)内的所述排放物破坏，以使所述排放物从所述收集腔(11b)排出，所述第二薄弱区(135)的材料的熔点小于所述第一薄弱区的材料的熔点。
  31. 根据权利要求1至30中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述箱体还包括罩体(110)，所述罩体(110)为一端开口的中空结构，所述热管理部件(13)盖合所述罩体(110)的开口，以形成所述电气腔(11a)。
  32. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的电池的箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述多个电池单体。
  33. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求32所述的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
  34. 一种制备电池的箱体的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供电气腔，所述电气腔用于容纳多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供热管理部件，所述热管理部件用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度；以及，
    提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集从所述电池单体内排出并穿过所述热管理部件的排放物，
    其中，所述电气腔和所述收集腔设置于所述热管理部件的两侧，所述热管理部件用于隔开所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，所述第一泄压区用于泄放所述收集腔内的所述排放物。
  35. 一种制备电池的箱体的装置，其特征在于，包括：提供模块，所述提供模块用于：
    提供电气腔，所述电气腔用于容纳多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供热管理部件，所述热管理部件用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度；以及，
    提供收集腔，所述收集腔用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集从所述电池单体内排出并穿过所述热管理部件的排放物，
    其中，所述电气腔和所述收集腔设置于所述热管理部件的两侧，所述热管理部件用于隔开所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述收集腔的壁设置有第一泄压区，所述第一泄压区用于泄放所述收集腔内的所述排放物。
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EP21742028.0A EP4092818B1 (en) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Battery box body, battery, electric device, and method for preparing box body
PCT/CN2021/084448 WO2022205084A1 (zh) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置
ES21742028T ES2975961T3 (es) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Cuerpo de caja de batería, batería, dispositivo eléctrico y método para preparar el cuerpo de caja
CN202180000948.5A CN115668613B (zh) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 电池的箱体、电池、用电设备、制备箱体的方法和装置
KR1020227018656A KR20220136992A (ko) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 배터리의 박스 본체, 배터리, 전기 장치, 박스 본체 제조 방법 및 장치
US17/549,142 US11881601B2 (en) 2021-03-31 2021-12-13 Box of battery, battery, power consumption device, and method and apparatus for producing box
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