WO2023077501A1 - 用于车辆的电驱动桥及其监测系统、相应的方法和计算机程序产品 - Google Patents

用于车辆的电驱动桥及其监测系统、相应的方法和计算机程序产品 Download PDF

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WO2023077501A1
WO2023077501A1 PCT/CN2021/129239 CN2021129239W WO2023077501A1 WO 2023077501 A1 WO2023077501 A1 WO 2023077501A1 CN 2021129239 W CN2021129239 W CN 2021129239W WO 2023077501 A1 WO2023077501 A1 WO 2023077501A1
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Prior art keywords
electric drive
drive axle
monitoring system
vibration
power supply
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PCT/CN2021/129239
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王民刚
李青
董婷婷
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罗伯特•博世有限公司
王民刚
李青
董婷婷
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Application filed by 罗伯特•博世有限公司, 王民刚, 李青, 董婷婷 filed Critical 罗伯特•博世有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/129239 priority Critical patent/WO2023077501A1/zh
Publication of WO2023077501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077501A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles

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  • the invention relates to a monitoring system for monitoring the operating condition of an electric drive axle of a vehicle, in particular an electric commercial vehicle, a corresponding method for operating the monitoring system, a corresponding computer program product and a corresponding electric drive axles for vehicles.
  • the electric drive axle mainly integrates the motor and the gearbox directly on the axle, which can improve the efficiency of the drive train and save space, thus saving more space for the battery, which in turn enables the vehicle to have a longer driving range .
  • the axle of an electric drive axle is usually a rigid structure, which will generate relatively large vibrations when the vehicle is running, so the motor and gearbox will also vibrate violently. If some parts of the electric drive axle are not strong enough, this large vibration will cause some parts of the electric drive axle to malfunction or appear abnormal. In order to keep the drive train in good working condition, it is necessary to equip corresponding monitoring system for diagnosis, especially for those key components.
  • the current monitoring system usually utilizes sensors arranged at certain parts of the electric drive axle for monitoring, and these sensors are powered by batteries, and the sensors are connected with the batteries by wires. Due to the above-mentioned vibration reasons and the harsh working environment of the electric drive axle, there are problems such as easy damage to the wire connection.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved monitoring system for monitoring the operating condition of an electric drive axle of a vehicle, in particular an electric commercial vehicle, a corresponding method for operating said monitoring system, a A corresponding computer program product and a corresponding electric drive axle for a vehicle.
  • a monitoring system for monitoring the working condition of an electric drive axle of a vehicle, the monitoring system includes: at least one sensor arranged on the electric drive axle, and the sensor uses to detect the vibration of the electric drive axle; and at least one power supply device arranged on the electric drive axle to follow the vibration of the electric drive axle, the power supply device includes a vibration energy harvester, and the vibration energy harvester configured to collect vibration energy of the electric drive axle and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy so that the power supply device can supply power to the sensor, wherein at least one of the at least one sensor is connected to the At least one respective one of the at least one power supply is arranged at least adjacently.
  • a method for operating the monitoring system comprising at least the steps of: acquiring detection signals from sensors of the monitoring system; The signal is analyzed and evaluated to judge the working condition of the electric drive axle, wherein the analysis and evaluation model is based on the historical monitoring data of the electric drive axle and/or the simulation analysis data and/or experiments on the electric drive axle Data creation and/or updating.
  • a computer program product comprising computer program instructions capable of implementing the method when executed by a processor.
  • an e-axle for a vehicle comprising the monitoring system.
  • the monitoring system can work more reliably, does not need to specially deploy wires to supply power from the outside, and simplifies deployment, and also saves the need to specially equip corresponding batteries, saving corresponding power consumption, and It can avoid the situation that the monitoring system cannot work normally due to insufficient power reserve of the battery.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a monitoring system for monitoring the working condition of an electric drive axle of a vehicle, especially an electric commercial vehicle, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a combination of a sensor and a power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a principle diagram of a vibration energy harvester of a power supply device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for operating the above monitoring system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a monitoring system for monitoring the working condition of an electric drive axle of a vehicle, especially an electric commercial vehicle, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a combination of a sensor 111 and a power supply device 112 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the monitoring system 11 includes: at least one sensor 111 arranged on the electric drive axle 1 , and the sensor 111 is used to detect the vibration of the electric drive axle 1 and at least one power supply device 112 that is arranged on the electric drive axle 1 and can follow the vibration of the electric drive axle 1, the power supply device 112 includes a vibration energy harvester 1121, and the vibration energy harvester 1121 is configured to collect electricity Drive the vibration energy of the axle 1 and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy so that the power supply device 112 can supply power to the sensors 111, wherein at least one of the at least one sensor 111 corresponds to at least one of the at least one power supply device 112 At least one of is arranged adjacently.
  • the electric drive axle 1 includes a plurality of components assembled together, and the multiple components mainly include an axle 12 (especially the rear axle of the vehicle), a motor 13 and a gearbox 14 installed on the axle 12 .
  • the axle 12 is generally a rigid shaft, and the motor 13 is used as a power source to generate rotational power, which is transmitted to the wheels 2 through the gearbox 14 to drive the vehicle.
  • the axle shaft 12 will vibrate violently when the vehicle is running, thereby, the motor 13 and the gearbox 14 mounted thereon will also experience large vibrations, which are prone to failure.
  • the sensor 111 directly uses the electric energy generated by the vibration through the vibration energy harvester 1121 of the power supply device 112 to work, so that there is no need to connect special wires for power supply, which can greatly simplify the configuration of the system and also The reliability of the system is greatly improved, and the corresponding power consumption can also be reduced.
  • the senor 111 is arranged adjacent to the corresponding power supply device 112, so that the connecting wires between them can be shortened or even omitted, which is very beneficial to the system configuration. There are other considerations in adopting this arrangement, and many advantages can be achieved, which will be described gradually below.
  • At least one of the at least one sensor 111 is arranged at the same position as at least a corresponding one of the at least one power supply device 112 .
  • the monitoring system 11 is configured to enable the detection signal of the sensor 111 to be transmitted to an evaluation and analysis unit (not shown) in a wireless manner.
  • the detection signal of the sensor 111 can be transmitted to the evaluation and analysis unit without any wires, thereby basically realizing the deployment of the entire monitoring system 11 without wires.
  • the sensor 111 may, for example, be equipped with a transmitting antenna, through which the detection signal is sent to a corresponding evaluation and analysis unit for evaluation and analysis.
  • the evaluation and analysis unit can be the electronic control unit (ECU) of the vehicle, or a cloud server, or a combination of both.
  • the cloud server can store historical data of each vehicle, and these historical data can be used to construct a more reliable analysis and evaluation model, for example, through big data analysis.
  • the sensors 111 and the power supply device 112 arranged at least adjacent to each other can form a corresponding independent monitoring unit 113, and in each monitoring unit 113, the sensor 111
  • the power supply can only be provided by the corresponding power supply device 112 .
  • each independent monitoring unit 113 can be self-supporting, so that the monitoring system 11 can be deployed conveniently.
  • Each monitoring unit 113 may include a single sensor 111 and a single power supply 112 . This method is simple and reliable, and has been able to achieve sufficient and reliable detection of the corresponding position.
  • At least one monitoring unit 113 is provided on at least one of the components of the electric drive axle 1 to monitor the working condition of the corresponding component.
  • corresponding monitoring units 113 are provided on all relevant components. As shown in FIG. 1 , corresponding monitoring units 113 are provided on the axle 12 , the motor 13 and the gearbox 14 , so that a relatively comprehensive detection of the entire electric drive axle 1 can be realized.
  • the vibration characteristics of various parts of the electric drive axle 1 will be different, some parts will vibrate more, and some parts will vibrate less, and the vibration characteristics of different vehicles will also be different. If the sensor 111 is placed on a part with greater vibration, the sensor 111 can output a larger detection signal, and the position with greater vibration can often better reflect the working conditions of the corresponding parts of the electric drive axle 1, that is, In this position, when there is an abnormality or a fault, the signal detected by the sensor 111 will be quite different from the detection signal in a normal state, so it is easy to judge whether there is an abnormality or a fault. Therefore, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring units 113 are respectively arranged at corresponding predetermined monitoring positions on the electric drive axle 1, and the predetermined monitoring positions are at least based on the vibration characteristics and/or The vibration characteristics during abnormal operation are determined.
  • the predetermined monitoring position is determined based at least on the deviation between the vibration characteristics of the electric drive axle 1 during normal operation and the vibration characteristics during abnormal operation.
  • the vibration energy harvester 1121 the stronger the vibration, the more vibration energy that can be collected. Therefore, from this point of view, it may also be advantageous to arrange the vibration energy harvester 1121 at a place with relatively large vibration.
  • vibration energy harvester 1121 on the part with greater vibration of the electric drive axle 1 does not necessarily mean that the vibration energy harvester 1121 will definitely collect more vibration energy, which is also related to vibration It is related to the vibration energy collection characteristics of the energy harvester 1121 itself.
  • the predetermined monitoring position is at least determined based on the vibration characteristics of the electric drive axle 1 in normal operation and the vibration energy harvesting characteristics of the vibration energy harvester 1121 .
  • vibration energy harvester 1121 can be configured such that its vibration energy harvesting characteristics are adapted to the vibration characteristics of the electric drive axle 1 during normal operation.
  • the vibration energy harvester 1121 is configured to resonate with the vibration at the corresponding predetermined monitoring position when the electric drive axle 1 is in normal operation.
  • the vibration energy harvester 1121 can collect more vibration energy, thereby generating more electrical energy.
  • the power supply device 112 can also include an accumulator 1122 and an AC-DC converter 1123, and the electric energy generated by the vibration energy harvester 1121 is converted by the AC-DC converter 1123 Stored in the accumulator 1122 , the accumulator 1122 supplies power to the sensor 111 .
  • the accumulator 1122 may be a rechargeable battery.
  • the senor 111 and the corresponding power supply device 112 may be packaged into one body, that is, packaged together. This is very advantageous, not only to facilitate installation and deployment, but also to make it work reliably in relatively harsh environments, so it is especially suitable for the electric drive axle 1 of a vehicle.
  • the possible wire connection between the sensor 111 and the corresponding power supply device 112 and the possible wire connection between various components of the power supply device 112 are more reliable and less likely to be damaged.
  • the vibration characteristics of the electric drive axle 1 may be different, thus, if the vibration energy harvester 1121 is configured so that its resonance frequency is adjustable, it is very beneficial of.
  • vibration energy harvester 1121 can be in various forms, such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, triboelectric and so on.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester 1121 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vibration energy harvester 1121 may include a mass 1124 , a spring system 1125 and a piezoelectric generator 1126 .
  • the mass block 1124 When the electric drive axle 1 vibrates, the mass block 1124 also vibrates up and down under the action of the spring system 1125 , thereby generating a corresponding force on the piezoelectric generator 1126 , which can make the piezoelectric generator 1126 generate electric energy. Therefore, it can be considered that the vibration energy harvester 1121 is piezoelectric.
  • the sensor 111 may be arranged on the piezoelectric generator 1126 .
  • the vibration characteristics, especially the frequency characteristics, of the vibration energy harvester 1121 can be adjusted by adjusting the weight of the mass 1124 and/or the parameters of the spring system 1125 (eg, spring coefficient).
  • the sensor 111 can be configured to receive electrical energy from the power supply device 112 in a controllable manner. This means that the sensor 111 can be activated at selected points in time, for example periodically. It can be understood that, for example, regular monitoring of the electric drive axle 1 can also judge the working condition of the electric drive axle 1 in time. This discontinuous monitoring can save power consumption, which is very beneficial.
  • the sensor 111 can be turned off, for example remotely by the vehicle's electronic control unit. It is also possible to judge the state of the vehicle according to the vibration condition of the electric drive axle 1 of the vehicle. For example, when it is found that the electric drive axle 1 no longer vibrates (for example, the vehicle is turned off), the sensor 111 can be turned off to save electric energy.
  • the layout position of the sensor 111 should be considered to be able to detect the fault/abnormality of the electric drive axle 1 more easily and reliably, and the vibration energy harvester 1121 should be considered to be able to collect more vibration energy.
  • the vibration characteristics of each part of the machine are different, so it is necessary to balance and match among the three.
  • the vibration characteristics of various parts of the electric drive axle 1 can be determined through simulation analysis, such as finite element analysis or experimental analysis, and then the sensor 111 and/or the vibration energy harvester 1121 (or the entire power supply device 112) can be determined based on the vibration characteristics. and the vibration characteristics of the vibration energy harvester 1121 .
  • the present invention has fully considered and weighed these three aspects.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for operating the above-mentioned monitoring system 11 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method includes: step S1, in which step S1, the detection signal is obtained from the sensor 111 of the monitoring system 11; and step S2, in which step S2, the detection signal is analyzed and evaluated based on the analysis and evaluation model,
  • the analysis and evaluation model can be established and/or updated based on the historical monitoring data of the electric drive axle 1 and/or the simulation analysis data and/or experimental data of the electric drive axle 1 .
  • the vibration characteristics of various parts of the electric drive axle 1 during normal operation can be determined through simulation analysis as a criterion for judgment. If the criterion is deviated to a certain extent, it can be considered that the corresponding part of the electric drive axle 1 has a fault/abnormality.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product, such as a computer-readable program carrier, wherein said computer program product comprises computer program instructions capable of implementing the method described above when executed by a processor(s).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种用于监测车辆的电驱动桥(1)的工作状况的监测系统(11)，包括：设置于电驱动桥上的至少一个传感器(111)，其用于探测电驱动桥的振动；以及设置于电驱动桥上而能跟随电驱动桥振动的至少一个供电装置(112)，其包括振动能量收集器(1121)，所述振动能量收集器被配置成用于收集电驱动桥的振动能量并将振动能量转换成电能而使供电装置能向传感器供电，其中，所述至少一个传感器(111)中的至少一个与所述至少一个供电装置(112)中的至少相应的一个至少邻近地布置。还公开了一种相应的方法、一种相应的计算机程序产品以及一种相应的用于车辆的电驱动桥(1)。根据本发明的某些实施例的监测系统可以更可靠地工作，无需专门供电。

Description

用于车辆的电驱动桥及其监测系统、相应的方法和计算机程序产品 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监测车辆(尤其是电动商用车辆)的电驱动桥的工作状况的监测系统、一种相应的用于操作监测系统的方法、一种相应的计算机程序产品以及一种相应的用于车辆的电驱动桥。
背景技术
环保要求的不断提高、车辆本身性能的内在提升需求等因素促使电动车辆越来越普及。尤其是，商用车辆的电气化已经成为未来发展趋势。对于商用车辆来说，越来越多的供应商开始注重开发电驱动桥。电驱动桥主要将电机和变速箱直接安装于车轴上而集成为一体，其可提高传动系的效率并可节省空间，从而为电池节省出更多空间，进而可使车辆具有更远的行驶里程。
尽管电驱动桥具有诸多优势，但也存在一些不足。例如，电驱动桥的车轴通常是刚性结构，从而车辆行驶时会产生比较大的振动，因此电机和变速箱也会跟随剧烈振动。如果电驱动桥的某些部件的强度不够，这种大的振动会导致电驱动桥的一些部件产生故障或出现异常。为了将传动系保持在良好的工况下，需要配备相应的监测系统进行诊断，尤其是对那些关键部件进行诊断。
目前的监测系统通常利用设置在电驱动桥的某些部位处的传感器进行监测，这些传感器由电池供电，传感器与电池之间用导线连接。由于上述振动原因，加之电驱动桥的工作环境比较恶劣，因此，导线连接存在容易损坏等问题。
因此，存在持续改进的需求。
发明内容
为此，本发明的目的是提供一种改进的用于监测车辆(尤其是电动商 用车辆)的电驱动桥的工作状况的监测系统、一种相应的用于操作所述监测系统的方法、一种相应的计算机程序产品以及一种相应的用于车辆的电驱动桥。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于监测车辆的电驱动桥的工作状况的监测系统，所述监测系统包括：设置于所述电驱动桥上的至少一个传感器，所述传感器用于探测所述电驱动桥的振动；以及设置于所述电驱动桥上而能跟随所述电驱动桥振动的至少一个供电装置，所述供电装置包括振动能量收集器，所述振动能量收集器被配置成用于收集所述电驱动桥的振动能量并将所述振动能量转换成电能而使所述供电装置能向所述传感器供电，其中，所述至少一个传感器中的至少一个与所述至少一个供电装置中的至少相应的一个至少邻近地布置。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种用于操作所述监测系统的方法，所述方法至少包括以下步骤：从所述监测系统的传感器获取探测信号；以及基于分析评估模型对所述探测信号进行分析评估，以判断所述电驱动桥的工作状况，其中，所述分析评估模型基于所述电驱动桥的历史监测数据和/或对所述电驱动桥的仿真分析数据和/或实验数据建立和/更新。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令被处理器执行时能够实施所述方法。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种用于车辆的电驱动桥，所述电驱动桥包括所述监测系统。
根据本发明的某些实施例，该监测系统可以更可靠地工作，无需专门部署导线从外部进行供电，而且简化了部署，也省去了专门配备相应的电池，节省了相应的电能消耗，并可避免电池电能储备不足造成监测系统无法正常工作的情况。
附图说明
下面，通过参看附图更详细地描述本发明，可以更好地理解本发明的原理、特点和优点。附图包括：
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的用于监测车辆、 尤其是电动商用车辆的电驱动桥的工作状况的监测系统的原理图。
图2单独示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的传感器与供电装置的组合体。
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的供电装置的振动能量收集器的原理图。
图4示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的用于操作上述监测系统的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案以及有益的技术效果更加清楚明白，以下将结合附图以及多个示例性实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，而不是用于限定本发明的保护范围。
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的用于监测车辆、尤其是电动商用车辆的电驱动桥的工作状况的监测系统的原理图。
图2单独示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的传感器111与供电装置112的组合体。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，如图1和图2所示，监测系统11包括：设置于电驱动桥1上的至少一个传感器111，所述传感器111用于探测电驱动桥1的振动；以及设置于电驱动桥1上而能跟随电驱动桥1振动的至少一个供电装置112，所述供电装置112包括振动能量收集器1121，所述振动能量收集器1121被配置成用于收集电驱动桥1的振动能量并将所述振动能量转换成电能而使供电装置112能向传感器111供电，其中，所述至少一个传感器111中的至少一个与所述至少一个供电装置112中的至少相应的一个至少邻近地布置。
如图1所示，电驱动桥1包括组装在一起的多个部件，所述多个部件主要包括车轴12(尤其是车辆的后轴)以及安装于车轴12上的电机13和变速箱14。车轴12通常为刚性轴，电机13作为动力源产生旋转动力，通过变速箱14传递给车轮2驱动车辆行驶。车轴12在车辆行驶时会产生剧烈振动，从而，安装在其上的电机13和变速箱14也会经受大的振动，容 易发生故障。
如图1和图2所示，传感器111直接通过供电装置112的振动能量收集器1121利用振动所产生的电能进行工作，从而无需再连接专门的导线进行供电，这可以大大简化系统的配置，也大大提高了系统的可靠性，同时也可降低相应的电力消耗。
本领域技术人员可以理解，传感器111与相应的供电装置112邻近地布置，可以缩短或甚至省去它们之间的连接导线，对系统配置是非常有利的。采用这种布置方式还有其它方面的考虑，并可实现诸多优点，下面将逐渐展开描述。
优选地，所述至少一个传感器111中的至少一个与所述至少一个供电装置112中的至少相应的一个布置在相同位置处。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，监测系统11被配置成能使传感器111的探测信号以无线方式向评估分析单元(未示出)传输。这意味着，传感器111的探测信号也不需要任何导线就能传输给评估分析单元，从而基本上实现了整个监测系统11的无导线部署。为此，传感器111可例如配备有发射天线，将检测信号通过发射天线发送给相应的评估分析单元进行评估分析。
评估分析单元可以为车辆的电子控制单元(ECU)，也可以是云端服务器，或者两者的组合。云端服务器可以存储有各个车辆的历史数据，这些历史数据例如通过大数据分析可以构造出更可靠的分析评估模型。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，如图1和图2所示，彼此至少邻近地布置的传感器111与供电装置112可组成相应独立的监测单元113，在每个监测单元113中，传感器111可仅由相应的供电装置112供电。这意味着，每个独立的监测单元113可实现自立，从而，可方便地部署监测系统11。
每个监测单元113可包括单个传感器111和单个供电装置112。这种方式简单可靠，且已经能够实现对相应位置的充分、可靠检测。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，在电驱动桥1的多个部件中的至少一个部件上设有至少一个监测单元113，以监测相应部件的工作状况。优选地，在所有相关部件上都设置相应的监测单元113。如图1所示，在车轴 12、电机13和变速箱14上都设有相应的监测单元113，从而可以对整个电驱动桥1实现比较全面的检测。
电驱动桥1在车辆行驶过程中，各个部位的振动特性会有所不同，有的部位振动较大，而有的部位振动较小，不同的车辆之间也会不同。如果将传感器111放置在振动较大的部位上，可以使传感器111输出更大的探测信号，而振动较大的部位往往也能更好地反映电驱动桥1的相应部位的工作状况，即，在该部位上，出现异常或存在故障时传感器111所检测到的信号会与正常状态下的检测信号相差较大，容易借此判断是否存在异常或故障。因此，根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，监测单元113分别布置在电驱动桥1上的相应预定监测位置处，所述预定监测位置至少基于电驱动桥1正常工作时的振动特性和/或异常工作时的振动特性确定。
进一步地，所述预定监测位置至少基于电驱动桥1正常工作时的振动特性与异常工作时的振动特性之间的偏差确定。
另一方面，对于振动能量收集器1121而言，振动越强烈，所能收集的振动能量就可能越多。因此，从这个角度讲，将振动能量收集器1121设置在振动较大的部位上可能也是有利的。
本领域技术人员可以理解，将振动能量收集器1121设置在电驱动桥1的振动较大的部位上并不必然意味着，振动能量收集器1121一定会收集更多的振动能量，这还与振动能量收集器1121自身的振动能量收集特性有关。
为此，根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，所述预定监测位置至少基于电驱动桥1正常工作时的振动特性和振动能量收集器1121的振动能量收集特性确定。
显然有利的是，振动能量收集器1121可被配置成使其振动能量收集特性适配于电驱动桥1正常工作时的振动特性。
更有利的是，振动能量收集器1121被配置成能够与电驱动桥1正常工作时的相应的预定监测位置处的振动产生共振。
当达到共振点时，振动能量收集器1121能够收集更多的振动能量，从而可产生更多的电能。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，如图2所示，供电装置112还可包括蓄电器1122和AC-DC转换器1123，振动能量收集器1121产生的电能通 过AC-DC转换器1123转换后存储于蓄电器1122中，蓄电器1122向传感器111供电。蓄电器1122可以为可充电电池。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，传感器111和相应的供电装置112可封装成一体，即一起封装。这是非常有利的，不仅方便安装和部署，而且还能使其在较为恶劣的环境下可靠地工作，从而特别适用于车辆的电驱动桥1。另一方面，一体封装时，传感器111与相应的供电装置112之间的可能的导线连接以及供电装置112的各个部件之间可能的导线连接更为可靠，不易损坏。
如上所述，不同的车辆或不同的电驱动桥1，电驱动桥1的振动特性可能会不同，从而，如果将振动能量收集器1121配置成使其共振频率是可调的，则是非常有利的。
本领域技术人员可以理解，振动能量收集器1121可以为多种方式，例如电磁式的、压电式的、摩擦发电式的等。本发明对此并不进行限制。
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的振动能量收集器1121的原理图。
如图3所示，振动能量收集器1121可以包括质量块1124、弹簧系统1125和压电发电装置1126。在电驱动桥1振动时，质量块1124在弹簧系统1125的作用下也上下振动，从而会对压电发电装置1126产生相应的力作用，该力作用可以使压电发电装置1126产生电能。因此，可以认为，该振动能量收集器1121是压电式的。传感器111可以布置在压电发电装置1126上。
对于这种布置形式，可以通过调节质量块1124的重量和/或弹簧系统1125的参数(例如，弹簧系数)调节振动能量收集器1121的振动特性、特别是频率特性。
另外，根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，传感器111可以被配置成能够以可控的方式从供电装置112接收电能。这意味着，可以在选定的时间点、例如定期地激活传感器111。可以理解，对电驱动桥1例如进行定期监测，也可及时判断电驱动桥1的工作状况，这种非连续性监测可以节省对电能的消耗，从而是非常有利的。在车辆停驶、例如熄火时，传感器111可以关闭，例如通过车辆的电子控制单元远程关闭。也可以根据车辆的电 驱动桥1的振动状况判断车辆的状态，例如当发现电驱动桥1不再振动(例如车辆熄火)时，可以关闭传感器111，节省电能。
如上所述，传感器111的布置位置要考虑到能够更容易、更可靠地检测出电驱动桥1的故障/异常，振动能量收集器1121要考虑能够收集到更多的振动能量，电驱动桥1的各个部位的振动特性不同，因此要在三者之间进行权衡和匹配。例如，可以通过仿真分析、例如有限元分析或通过实验分析确定电驱动桥1各个部位的振动特性，然后再基于该振动特性确定传感器111和/或振动能量收集器1121(或整个供电装置112)的布置位置以及振动能量收集器1121的振动特性。本发明在这三个方面做出了充分考虑和权衡。
图4示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的用于操作上述监测系统11的方法的流程图。
如图4所示，所述方法包括：步骤S1，在该步骤S1，从监测系统11的传感器111获取探测信号；以及步骤S2，在该步骤S2，基于分析评估模型对探测信号进行分析评估，以判断电驱动桥1的工作状况，其中，所述分析评估模型可基于电驱动桥1的历史监测数据和/或对电驱动桥1的仿真分析数据和/实验数据建立和/更新。
如上所述，可以通过仿真分析确定电驱动桥1正常工作时各个部位的振动特性作为判断基准，如果偏离该基准一定程度可以认为电驱动桥1的相应部位出现了故障/异常。
本发明还涉及一种计算机程序产品、例如计算机可读程序载体，其中，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令被(一个或多个)处理器执行时能够实施上述方法。
而且，对于本领域的技术人员而言，本发明的其他优点和替代性实施方式是显而易见的。因此，本发明就其更宽泛的意义而言并不局限于所示和所述的具体细节、代表性结构和示例性实施例。相反，本领域的技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的基本精神和范围的情况下进行各种修改和替代。
附图标记列表
1       电驱动桥
2       车轮
11      监测系统
12      车轴
13      电机
14      变速箱
111     传感器
112     供电装置
113     监测单元
1121    振动能量收集器
1122    蓄电器
1123    AC-DC转换器
1124    质量块
1125    弹簧系统
1126    压电发电装置

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于监测车辆的电驱动桥(1)的工作状况的监测系统(11)，所述监测系统(11)包括：
    设置于所述电驱动桥(1)上的至少一个传感器(111)，所述传感器(111)用于探测所述电驱动桥(1)的振动；以及
    设置于所述电驱动桥(1)上而能跟随所述电驱动桥(1)振动的至少一个供电装置(112)，所述供电装置(112)包括振动能量收集器(1121)，所述振动能量收集器(1121)被配置成用于收集所述电驱动桥(1)的振动能量并将所述振动能量转换成电能而使所述供电装置(112)能向所述传感器(111)供电，
    其中，所述至少一个传感器(111)中的至少一个与所述至少一个供电装置(112)中的至少相应的一个至少邻近地布置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述至少一个传感器(111)中的至少一个与所述至少一个供电装置(112)中的至少相应的一个布置在相同位置处；和/或
    所述监测系统(11)被配置成能使所述传感器(111)的探测信号以无线方式向评估分析单元传输。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    彼此至少邻近地布置的传感器(111)与供电装置(112)组成相应独立的监测单元(113)，在每个监测单元(113)中，所述传感器(111)仅由相应的供电装置(112)供电。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    每个监测单元(113)包括单个传感器(111)和单个供电装置(112)。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述电驱动桥(1)包括组装在一起的多个部件，在所述多个部件中的 至少一个部件上设有至少一个监测单元(113)，以监测相应部件的工作状况。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述多个部件包括车轴(12)以及安装于所述车轴(12)上的电机(13)和变速箱(14)。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任一所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述监测单元(113)分别布置在所述电驱动桥(1)上的预定监测位置处，所述预定监测位置至少基于所述电驱动桥(1)正常工作时的振动特性和/或异常工作时的振动特性确定。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述预定监测位置至少基于所述电驱动桥(1)正常工作时的振动特性和所述振动能量收集器(1121)的振动能量收集特性确定；和/或
    所述预定监测位置至少基于所述电驱动桥(1)正常工作时的振动特性与异常工作时的振动特性之间的偏差确定。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述振动能量收集器(1121)被配置成使其振动能量收集特性适配于所述电驱动桥(1)正常工作时的振动特性。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述振动能量收集器(1121)被配置成能够与所述电驱动桥(1)正常工作时的相应的预定监测位置处的振动产生共振。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述供电装置(112)还包括蓄电器(1122)和AC-DC转换器(1123)，所述振动能量收集器(1121)产生的电能通过所述AC-DC转换器(1123)转换后存储于所述蓄电器(1122)中，所述蓄电器(1122)向所述传感器 (111)供电；和/或
    所述传感器(111)和相应的供电装置(112)封装成一体。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一所述的监测系统(11)，其中，
    所述振动能量收集器(1121)被配置成使其共振频率是可调的；和/或
    所述传感器(111)被配置成能够以可控的方式从所述供电装置(112)接收电能。
  13. 一种用于操作根据权利要求1-12中任一所述的监测系统(11)的方法，所述方法至少包括以下步骤：
    从所述监测系统(11)的传感器(111)获取探测信号；以及
    基于分析评估模型对所述探测信号进行分析评估，以判断所述电驱动桥(1)的工作状况，
    其中，所述分析评估模型基于所述电驱动桥(1)的历史监测数据和/或对所述电驱动桥(1)的仿真分析数据和/或实验数据建立和/更新。
  14. 一种计算机程序产品，其中，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令被处理器执行时能够实施根据权利要求13所述的方法。
  15. 一种用于车辆的电驱动桥(1)，其中，所述电驱动桥(1)包括根据权利要求1-12中任一所述的监测系统(11)。
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