WO2023077468A1 - 燃料组件锁紧装置 - Google Patents

燃料组件锁紧装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023077468A1
WO2023077468A1 PCT/CN2021/129129 CN2021129129W WO2023077468A1 WO 2023077468 A1 WO2023077468 A1 WO 2023077468A1 CN 2021129129 W CN2021129129 W CN 2021129129W WO 2023077468 A1 WO2023077468 A1 WO 2023077468A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
loosening
rod
fuel assembly
locking device
ball
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/129129
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈威
庞铮铮
薛喆
汤阳阳
冀士哲
苏文
鲁亚恒
陈敏莉
龚鹏锋
任志立
李伟才
Original Assignee
中广核研究院有限公司
岭澳核电有限公司
中国广核集团有限公司
中国广核电力股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中广核研究院有限公司, 岭澳核电有限公司, 中国广核集团有限公司, 中国广核电力股份有限公司 filed Critical 中广核研究院有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/129129 priority Critical patent/WO2023077468A1/zh
Priority to CN202180103689.9A priority patent/CN118140276A/zh
Publication of WO2023077468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077468A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04—Constructional details
    • G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
    • G21C3/12—Means forming part of the element for locating it within the reactor core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04—Constructional details
    • G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
    • G21C3/14—Means forming part of the element for inserting it into, or removing it from, the core; Means for coupling adjacent elements, e.g. to form a stringer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/02—Details
    • G21C5/06—Means for locating or supporting fuel elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fuel assembly fixing, in particular to a fuel assembly locking device.
  • the fast neutron breeder reactor is a type of reactor in which fast neutrons trigger a chain fission reaction, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of nuclear fuel.
  • Fast breeder reactors generally adopt a pool structure. In order to ensure the airtightness of the reactor, the top cover of the reactor cannot be opened during the refueling process. In this case, it becomes difficult to implement the scheme of arranging the upper core plate to compress the fuel assembly similarly to the PWR.
  • a currently used lower locking scheme uses rotation to clamp the fuel assembly on the lower core plate.
  • the situation inside the core cannot be observed, which places a high requirement on the positioning of the fuel assembly during the hoisting operation.
  • the fuel assembly is fixed in a rotating manner, which is not conducive to the close arrangement of the fuel assemblies for common hexagonal fuel assemblies.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fuel assembly locking device that facilitates the tight arrangement of fuel assemblies.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a fuel assembly locking device, which includes a locking member fixed at the lower end of the fuel assembly and elastically engaged in the mounting hole of the lower core plate, The anti-loosening mechanism below and matched with the locking member;
  • the anti-loosening mechanism includes a catheter and an anti-loosening rod; the anti-loosening rod is arranged in the catheter and can move back and forth between a first position and a second position along the axial direction of the catheter;
  • the end of the anti-loosening rod pops out of the guide tube and fits into the locking member, restricting the locking member from getting out of the installation hole;
  • the end of the anti-loosening rod breaks away from the locking member and is recovered in the guide tube, releasing the restriction on the locking member.
  • the locking member includes a barrel that fits the mounting hole, a connecting barrel segment that is arranged on the first end of the barrel and fits with the lower end of the fuel assembly, and protrudes from the a stepped engagement portion on the outer periphery of the second end of the barrel;
  • the second end wall of the cylinder is provided with at least two slots extending along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the grooves divide the second end wall of the cylinder into at least two relatively openable and closable Shrapnel: the stepped engagement part is located on the end of each shrapnel and abuts against the lower surface of the lower core plate after passing through the installation hole.
  • the connecting cylinder section is provided with internal threads.
  • the connecting cylinder section has a diameter larger than that of the cylinder body.
  • the anti-loosening mechanism further includes at least one ball that can roll fit on the outer peripheral side of the anti-loosening rod;
  • the inner wall of the conduit is provided with a guide groove for cooperating with the ball, and the guide groove extends along the circumference and the axial direction of the conduit; in the direction of axial extension, the guide groove has at least one first a high position and at least one second high position, a low position connected between the first high position and the second high position, the height of the first high position is higher than the height of the second high position;
  • the ball When the anti-loosening bar is in the first position, the ball is in the first high position; when the anti-loosening bar is in the second position, the ball is in the second high position;
  • the guide groove is in the shape of a broken line with a plurality of crests and troughs between the crests;
  • the peaks form the first and second high points, respectively, and the troughs form the low points.
  • a concave annular groove is provided on the outer peripheral side of the anti-loosening rod, and the ball is fitted in the annular groove.
  • the anti-loosening mechanism further includes a return spring disposed in the guide tube and sheathed on the anti-loosening rod.
  • the anti-loosening rod includes a first rod segment and a second rod segment axially connected, the diameter of the first rod segment is larger than the diameter of the second rod segment; the return spring is sleeved on the on the second pole section;
  • the ball fits on the outer peripheral side of the first rod segment; the end of the first rod segment away from the second rod segment is ejected or recovered into the guide tube as the anti-loosening rod moves.
  • the anti-loosening mechanism further includes a support plate, and the conduit is vertically connected to the support plate;
  • the support plate is provided with a through hole corresponding to the anti-loosening rod, and the end of the second rod segment away from the first rod segment is fitted in the through hole; the two ends of the return spring are respectively abutted against On the support plate and the end face of the first rod segment facing the second rod segment.
  • the fuel assembly locking device further includes an operating lever, which is used to press down the anti-loosening lever from the fuel assembly inserted into the locking member.
  • the fuel assembly locking device of the present invention realizes the fixing of the fuel assembly on the lower core plate through the cooperation of the locking member and the anti-loosening mechanism, and has a simple structure and operation. cloth.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel assembly locking device in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel assembly locking device in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a locking member in a fuel assembly locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-loosening mechanism in the locked state of the fuel assembly locking device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of the fuel assembly locking device in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a conduit in a fuel assembly locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the guide groove in the catheter shown in Fig. 6 .
  • the fuel assembly locking device of the present invention is used for locking the lower end of the fuel assembly on the lower core plate.
  • a fuel assembly locking device may include a locking member 10 and an anti-loosening mechanism 20 cooperating with the locking member 10 .
  • the locking member 10 is used to be fixed on the lower end of the fuel assembly 1 and is integrated with the fuel assembly 1 .
  • the lower core plate 2 is provided with a mounting hole 3 for positioning the fuel assembly 1.
  • the locking member 10 is used as a mounting structure for the fuel assembly, and is also used for elastic engagement in the mounting hole 3 of the lower core plate 2, so that Position the fuel assembly on the lower core plate 2.
  • the cooperation between the anti-loosening mechanism 20 and the locking member 10 is used for further locking between the locking member 10 and the lower core plate 2 to prevent the locking member 10 from loosening autonomously on the lower core plate 2 .
  • the locking member 10 includes a cylinder body 11 , connecting cylinder segments 12 and stepped engaging portions 13 disposed on opposite ends of the cylinder body 11 .
  • the cylinder body 11 has a first end and a second end opposite to each other, and is used for cooperating with the installation hole 3 on the lower core plate 2 , so it is matched with the installation hole 3 .
  • the connecting cylinder section 12 is arranged on the end portion of the first end of the cylinder body 11 and can be integrally formed on the cylinder body 11 .
  • the connecting barrel section 12 is used to cooperate with the lower end of the fuel assembly 1 to realize the fixing of the locking member 10 on the lower end of the fuel assembly.
  • the stepped engaging portion 13 protrudes from the outer circumference of the second end of the cylinder 11, the outer diameter of the stepped engaging portion 13 is larger than the diameter of the mounting hole 3, and is used to pass through the mounting hole 3 of the lower core plate 2. Abutting on the lower surface of the lower core plate 2 facing away from the fuel assembly 1 realizes the axial positioning of the barrel 11 in the installation hole 3 .
  • the diameter of the connecting cylinder section 12 is larger than the diameter of the cylinder body 11 and also larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole 3 , so that it can be positioned on the upper surface of the lower core plate 2 without entering into the mounting hole 3 .
  • the connecting barrel section 12 can be threadedly engaged with the lower end of the fuel assembly 1 , for example, the connecting barrel section 12 is provided with internal threads (not shown) to match the external threads at the lower end of the fuel assembly 1 .
  • the connecting barrel section 12 can also be engaged with the lower end of the fuel assembly 1 by clamping, crimping or other means.
  • the thickness of the stepped engagement portion 13 changes stepwise, that is, its thickness gradually decreases from one end to the opposite end.
  • the stepped engagement portion 13 On the second end of the cylinder body 11 , the stepped engagement portion 13 has a thicker end facing the cylinder body 11 and a smaller thickness end facing away from the cylinder body 11 .
  • the end surface 11 of the stepped engaging portion 13 facing the cylinder is an annular plane, which can be attached to the lower surface of the lower core plate 2 to achieve stable abutment of the stepped engaging portion 13 below the lower core plate 2 .
  • the end surface 11 of the stepped engaging portion 13 facing the barrel is also chamfered, which is beneficial for the stepped engaging portion 13 to enter and exit the mounting hole 3 when the locking member 10 is plugged in and removed from the lower core plate 2 .
  • the second end wall of the cylinder 11 is provided with at least two slots 14 extending along the axial direction of the cylinder 11, and the slots 14 divide the second end wall of the cylinder 11 into at least two oppositely spaced ones.
  • the combined shrapnel 111 is provided with at least two slots 14 extending along the axial direction of the cylinder 11, and the slots 14 divide the second end wall of the cylinder 11 into at least two oppositely spaced ones.
  • the diameter of the second end becomes smaller; after the elastic piece 111 rotates away from the central axis of the barrel 11 and recovers, the diameter of the second end of the barrel 11 where the elastic piece 111 is located returns to the initial value.
  • the stepped engaging portion 13 is also divided into a plurality and located on the end of each elastic piece 111 .
  • the elastic piece 111 When the elastic piece 111 is close to each other, it also drives the stepped engaging portion 13 to be close to each other, so as to be able to enter and exit the mounting hole 3 .
  • the elastic piece 111 moves away from each other and resets, the stepped engagement portion 13 resets accordingly, thereby stretching out of the installation hole 3 .
  • the anti-loosening mechanism 20 plays an anti-loosening effect on the locking member 10 by cooperating with the locking member 10 .
  • the anti-loosening mechanism 20 may include a conduit 21 and an anti-loosening rod 22 ; the anti-loosening rod 22 is disposed in the conduit 21 and can move back and forth between a first position and a second position along the axial direction of the conduit 21 .
  • the end of the anti-loosening rod 22 pops out of the conduit 21 and fits in the locking member 10, and has a stretching effect on the locking member 10, so that the locking member 10
  • the elastic pieces 111 cannot approach each other, and the stepped engaging portion 13 will not break away from the lower surface of the lower core plate 2 and enter the mounting hole 3 , thereby restricting the locking member 10 from getting out of the mounting hole 3 .
  • the end of the anti-loosening rod 22 is recovered in the guide tube 21 by moving downward to disengage from the locking member 10, and the restriction on the locking member 10 is released. 13 can leave the lower surface of the lower core plate 2 and enter the installation hole 3, and the locking member 10 can come out of the installation hole 3 freely.
  • the anti-loosening mechanism 20 also includes at least one roll fit on the outer periphery of the anti-loosening rod 22.
  • the inner wall of the conduit 21 is provided with a guide groove 210 for cooperating with the ball 23 , so that the ball 23 fits between the outer peripheral side of the anti-loosening rod 22 and the guide groove 210 .
  • the ball 23 is positioned at different positions of the guide groove 210 by moving along the guide groove 210, so that the anti-loosening rod 22 where the ball 23 is located is positioned and will not move axially, or the positioning of the anti-loosening rod 22 is released so that the anti-loosening rod 22 removable.
  • the guide groove 210 extends along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the conduit 21, that is, the length extends along the circumference of the conduit 21 to form an annular guide groove 210; Extends along the axial direction of the conduit 21 . 6 and 7, in the axial extension direction of the conduit 21, the guide groove 210 has at least one first high position 211 and at least one second high position 212, and a low position connected between the first high position 211 and the second high position 212 213 , the height of the first high position 211 is higher than the height of the second high position 212 .
  • the ball 23 When the anti-loose lever 22 is in the first position, the ball 23 is at the first high position 211; when the anti-loose lever 22 is in the second position, the ball 23 is in the second high position 212; when the anti-loose lever 22 moves from the first position to the second position , the ball 23 passes from the first high position 211 through the low position 213 to the second high position 212 .
  • the anti-loosening rod 22 moves from the second position to the first position, the ball 23 passes from the second high position 212 to the low position 213 to the first high position 211 .
  • the moving direction of the ball 23 can be shown by the arrow in FIG. 7 .
  • the guide groove 210 is in the shape of a broken line, extending along the inner wall of the conduit 21 to form an annular groove in the shape of a broken line.
  • the guide groove 210 has a plurality of crests and troughs between the crests, the heights of two adjacent crests are different, the higher one forms the first high position 211, the lower one forms the second high position 212, the trough between the two peaks A low of 213 was formed. Since the guide groove 210 is annular, there are at least two first high positions 211 and at least two second high positions 212 thereon, and the first high positions 211 and the second high positions 212 are arranged alternately.
  • the corresponding ball 23 is provided with a concave annular groove 220 on the outer peripheral side of the anti-loosening rod 22, and the ball 23 fits in the annular groove 220 and can roll anywhere in the annular groove 220.
  • the depth of the annular groove 220 on the anti-loosening rod 22 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 23, preferably slightly larger than the radius of the ball 23, so that the protruding part of the ball 23 can fit into the guide groove 210 while the ball 23 can be clamped.
  • the ball 23 can move along the circumferential direction in the guide groove 210 .
  • the ball 23 moves along the circumferential direction of the guide groove 210 and moves along its height direction, and engages at the first high position 211;
  • the first high position 211 moves along the circumferential direction and the height direction of the guide groove 210 again, and reaches the second high position 212 after passing through an adjacent low position 213, and engages at the second high position 212;
  • the anti-loosening rod 22 is pressed down for the third time , the ball 23 reaches the first high position 211 after passing another adjacent low position 213 , and engages at the first high position 211 .
  • the movement and positioning of the anti-loosening bar 22 are realized through the cooperation of the ball 23 and the guide groove 210 .
  • the anti-loosening mechanism 20 also includes a return spring 24 disposed in the conduit 21 and sheathed on the anti-loosening rod 22 , for driving the moved anti-loosening rod 22 to reset.
  • a return spring 24 disposed in the conduit 21 and sheathed on the anti-loosening rod 22 , for driving the moved anti-loosening rod 22 to reset.
  • the return spring 24 stretches and restores through its own restoring force and simultaneously drives the anti-loosening rod 22 to move upwards and reset, thereby making the anti-loosening rod 22 The end of the ejection catheter 21.
  • the anti-loosening rod 22 may further include a first rod segment 221 and a second rod segment 222 that are axially connected, and the diameter of the first rod segment 221 is larger than the diameter of the second rod 222 .
  • the first rod segment 221 of the anti-loosening rod 22 faces the locking member 10 , and the end of the first rod segment 221 away from the second rod segment 222 is ejected or retracted into the conduit 21 as the anti-loosening rod 22 moves.
  • the return spring 24 is sheathed on the second rod section 222 and abuts against the end surface of the first rod section 221 facing the second rod section 222 .
  • the ball 23 fits on the outer peripheral side of the first rod section 221, and the annular groove 220 corresponds to The guide groove 210 and the annular groove 220 are disposed on the inner wall of the corresponding end of the guide pipe 21 on the outer peripheral side of the first rod segment 221 .
  • the anti-loosening mechanism 20 also includes a support plate 25 on which the conduit 21 is vertically connected.
  • the support plate 25 is provided with a through hole corresponding to the anti-loosening rod 22, and the end of the second rod section 222 away from the first rod 221 fits in the through hole; the two ends of the return spring 24 are respectively abutted against the support 25 and the first rod section 221 faces the end face of the second rod segment 222 .
  • the anti-loosening mechanism 20 can be connected to the lower core plate 2 through the conduit 22 or the support plate 25 to achieve relative fixation, and the anti-loosening rod 22 can be axially aligned with the conduit 21, the support plate 25 and the lower core plate 2. Move back and forth in the direction (between the first position and the second position).
  • the fuel assembly locking device of the present invention also includes an operating lever 30, which is used to penetrate the locking member 10 from the fuel assembly 1 and press down the anti-loosening rod 22, so that the anti-loosening rod 22 The end part disengages from the locking member 10.
  • one end (lower end) of the operating rod 30 is inserted from the top of the fuel assembly 1 until it enters the locking member 10, and the other end (upper end) of the operating rod 30 is connected to the refueling mechanism.
  • the fixing of the fuel assemblies on the lower core plate in the present invention is mainly through axial movement to achieve engagement and locking without rotation, which is conducive to the tight arrangement of fuel assemblies, especially the tight arrangement of hexagonal fuel assemblies. cloth.
  • the design complexity of the locking device and the refueling mechanism is reduced, and it is suitable for liquid metal reactors.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种燃料组件锁紧装置，包括设置在燃料组件下端并弹性卡合在下堆芯板的安装孔内的锁紧件、设置在下堆芯板下方并与所述锁紧件配合的防松机构；所述防松机构包括导管以及防松杆；所述防松杆设置在所述导管内并可沿所述导管的轴向在第一位置和第二位置来回移动；在所述第一位置，所述防松杆的端部弹出所述导管并配合在所述锁紧件内，限制所述锁紧件脱出所述安装孔；在所述第二位置，所述防松杆的端部脱离所述锁紧件而回收在所述导管内，解除对所述锁紧件的限制。本发明的燃料组件锁紧装置，以锁紧件和防松机构的配合实现燃料组件在下堆芯板上的固定，结构及操作简单，相比于现有的旋转方式，利于燃料组件的紧密排布。

Description

燃料组件锁紧装置 技术领域
本发明涉及燃料组件固定技术领域，尤其涉及一种燃料组件锁紧装置。
 背景技术
快中子增殖反应堆是一种由快中子引发链式裂变反应的堆型，能极大地提供核燃料的利用率。快中子增殖反应堆一般采用池式结构，为了保证反应堆的密闭性，在换料过程中，反应堆的顶盖不能打开。在此情况下，类似压水堆设置上堆芯板压紧燃料组件的方案变得难以实施。
为了实现燃料组件的轴向固定，需在燃料组件下尾部采用锁紧机构。目前使用的一种下部锁紧方案，采用旋转方式将燃料组件卡在下堆芯板上。然而，在实际操作过程中，在液态金属冷却剂下，堆芯内的情况无法观测，这对吊装操作过程中燃料组件的定位要求很高。
另外，采用旋转方式进行固定燃料组件，这对于常见的六边形的燃料组件而言，不利于燃料组件紧密排布。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种利于燃料组件紧密排布的燃料组件锁紧装置。
 技术解决方案
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：提供一种燃料组件锁紧装置，包括固定在燃料组件下端并弹性卡合在下堆芯板的安装孔内的锁紧件、设置在下堆芯板下方并与所述锁紧件配合的防松机构；
所述防松机构包括导管以及防松杆；所述防松杆设置在所述导管内并可沿所述导管的轴向在第一位置和第二位置来回移动；
在所述第一位置，所述防松杆的端部弹出所述导管并配合在所述锁紧件内，限制所述锁紧件脱出所述安装孔；
在所述第二位置，所述防松杆的端部脱离所述锁紧件而回收在所述导管内，解除对所述锁紧件的限制。
优选地，所述锁紧件包括与所述安装孔相适配的筒体、设置在所述筒体的第一端端部上并与燃料组件的下端配合的连接筒段、凸出设置在所述筒体的第二端端部外周上的阶梯卡合部；
所述筒体的第二端壁面上设有至少两个沿着筒体的轴向延伸的开槽，所述开槽将所述筒体的第二端壁面分成至少两个可相对开合的弹片；所述阶梯卡合部位于每一所述弹片的端部上并在穿过所述安装孔后抵接在下堆芯板的下表面上。
优选地，所述连接筒段设有内螺纹。
优选地，所述连接筒段的直径大于所述筒体的直径。
优选地，所述防松机构还包括至少一个可滚动配合在所述防松杆的外周侧面上的滚珠；
所述导管的内壁设有用于与所述滚珠配合的导槽，所述导槽沿着所述导管的周向和轴向延伸；在轴向延伸方向上，所述导槽具有至少一个第一高位和至少一个第二高位、连接在所述第一高位和第二高位之间的低位，所述第一高位的高度高于所述第二高位的高度；
所述防松杆处于所述第一位置时，所述滚珠位于所述第一高位；所述防松杆处于所述第二位置时，所述滚珠处于所述第二高位；
在所述防松杆从所述第一位置移动至所述第二位置时，所述滚珠从所述第一高位经所述低位至所述第二高位。
优选地，所述导槽呈折线状，其上具有多个波峰和位于波峰之间的波谷；
所述波峰分别形成所述第一高位和第二高位，所述波谷形成所述低位。
优选地，所述防松杆的外周侧面上设有内凹的环形槽，所述滚珠配合在所述环形槽内。
优选地，所述防松机构还包括设置在所述导管内并套设在所述防松杆上的复位弹簧。
优选地，所述防松杆包括轴向相接的第一杆段和第二杆段，所述第一杆段的直径大于所述第二杆段的直径；所述复位弹簧套设在所述第二杆段上；
所述滚珠配合在所述第一杆段的外周侧面上；所述第一杆段远离所述第二杆段的端部随所述防松杆的移动弹出或回收至所述导管内。
优选地，所述防松机构还包括支撑板，所述导管垂直连接在所述支撑板上；
所述支撑板上对应所述防松杆设有通孔，所述第二杆段远离所述第一杆段的端部配合在所述通孔内；所述复位弹簧的两端分别抵接在所述支撑板和所述第一杆段朝向所述第二杆段的端面上。
优选地，所述燃料组件锁紧装置还包括操作杆，用于从燃料组件穿进所述锁紧件中下压所述防松杆。
 有益效果
本发明的燃料组件锁紧装置，以锁紧件和防松机构的配合实现燃料组件在下堆芯板上的固定，结构及操作简单，相比于现有的旋转方式，利于燃料组件的紧密排布。
 附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是本发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置处于锁紧状态的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置处于解锁状态的结构示意图；
图3是本发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置中锁紧件的结构示意图；
图4是发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置中防松机构处于锁紧状态的结构示意图；
图5本发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置中防松机构处于解锁状态的结构示意图；
图6是本发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置中导管的剖面结构示意图；
图7是图6所示导管中导槽的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明的燃料组件锁紧装置，用于将燃料组件的下端锁紧在下堆芯板上。
如图1、2所示，本发明一实施例的燃料组件锁紧装置，可包括锁紧件10、与锁紧件10配合的防松机构20。
锁紧件10用于固定在燃料组件1的下端，与燃料组件1形成一体。下堆芯板2上设有安装孔3用于定位燃料组件1，对此，锁紧件10作为燃料组件的安装结构，还用于弹性卡合在下堆芯板2的安装孔3内，从而将燃料组件定位在下堆芯板2上。
防松机构20与锁紧件10的配合，用于对锁紧件10和下堆芯板2之间进一步锁定，防止锁紧件10在下堆芯板2上自主松脱。
如图1、3所示，锁紧件10包括筒体11、设置在筒体11相对两端上的连接筒段12和阶梯卡合部13。
筒体11具有相对的第一端和第二端，用于与下堆芯板2上的安装孔3配合，因此与安装孔3相适配设置。连接筒段12设置在筒体11的第一端的端部上，可以一体形成在筒体11上。该连接筒段12用于与燃料组件1的下端配合连接，实现锁紧件10固定在燃料组件的下端。阶梯卡合部13凸出设置在筒体11的第二端端部外周上，阶梯卡合部13的外径大于安装孔3的孔径，用于穿过下堆芯板2的安装孔3后抵接在下堆芯板2背向燃料组件1的下表面上，实现筒体11在安装孔3内的轴向定位。
连接筒段12的直径大于筒体11直径，也大于安装孔3的内径，从而可定位在下堆芯板2的上表面上，不会进入安装孔3内。
作为选择，连接筒段12可以通过螺纹连接的方式与燃料组件1的下端配合，例如，连接筒段12上设有内螺纹（未图示），与燃料组件1下端的外螺纹相配合。在其他选择方式中，连接筒段12还可通过卡接、嵌接等方式与燃料组件1的下端配合。
在锁紧件10的轴向剖面上，阶梯卡合部13的厚度呈阶梯变化，即其厚度从一端到相对另一端逐渐递减。在筒体11的第二端上，阶梯卡合部13以其厚度较大的一端朝向筒体11，厚度较小的一端背向筒体11。
阶梯卡合部13朝向筒体的端面11为环形的平面，可与下堆芯板2的下表面贴合，实现阶梯卡合部13在下堆芯板2下方的稳定抵接。阶梯卡合部13朝向筒体的端面11还经过倒角设置，利于锁紧件10在下堆芯板2上插拔时阶梯卡合部13进出安装孔3。
进一步地，筒体11的第二端壁面上设有至少两个沿着筒体11的轴向延伸的开槽14，开槽14将筒体11的第二端壁面分成至少两个可相对开合的弹片111。14的设置，在分成弹片111的同时也使得弹片111之间有活动空间，从而弹片111可向筒体11的中心轴方向转动而相对靠近，使得弹片111所在的筒体11第二端的直径变小；弹片111向远离筒体11的中心轴方向转动而复原后，使得弹片111所在的筒体11第二端的直径恢复初始值。
阶梯卡合部13也被分成多个且位于每一弹片111的端部上。当弹片111相向靠近时，也带动阶梯卡合部13相向靠近，从而可以进出安装孔3。当弹片111相背远离复位时，阶梯卡合部13随之复位，从而撑开在安装孔3外。
防松机构20通过与锁紧件10配合对锁紧件10起到防松脱的作用。防松机构20可包括导管21以及防松杆22；防松杆22设置在导管21内并可沿导管21的轴向在第一位置和第二位置来回移动。在第一位置，如图1、4所示，防松杆22的端部弹出导管21并配合在锁紧件10内，对锁紧件10有一个撑开的作用，使得锁紧件10的弹片111不能相向靠近，阶梯卡合部13不会脱离下堆芯板2的下表面而进入安装孔3，从而限制锁紧件10脱出安装孔3。在第二位置，如图2、5示，防松杆22的端部通过向下移动脱离锁紧件10而回收在导管21内，解除对锁紧件10的限制，此时阶梯卡合部13可离开下堆芯板2的下表面而进入安装孔3，锁紧件10可自由脱出安装孔3。
如图4、5所示，为使得防松杆22的端部弹出导管21后、回缩至导管21内后能够定位，防松机构20还包括至少一个可滚动配合在防松杆22的外周侧面上的滚珠23，导管21的内壁设有用于与滚珠23配合的导槽210，这样滚珠23配合在防松杆22的外周侧面和导槽210之间。滚珠23通过沿导槽210移动而定位在导槽210的不同位置上，使得滚珠23所在的防松杆22定位而不会再轴向移动，或者解除防松杆22的定位而使得防松杆22可移动。
具体地，在导管21的内壁上，导槽210沿着导管21的周向和轴向延伸，即在长度上沿着导管21的周向延伸而可形成环状的导槽210，在高度上沿着导管21的轴向延伸。结合图6、图7，在导管21的轴向延伸方向上，导槽210具有至少一个第一高位211和至少一个第二高位212、连接在第一高位211和第二高位212之间的低位213，第一高位211的高度高于第二高位212的高度。防松杆22处于第一位置时，滚珠23位于第一高位211；防松杆22处于第二位置时，滚珠23处于第二高位212；在防松杆22从第一位置移动至第二位置时，滚珠23从第一高位211经低位213第二高位212。当防松杆22从第二位置移动至第一位置时，滚珠23从第二高位212经低位213第一高位211。滚珠23的移动方向可如图7中箭头所示。
当滚珠23在低位213时，滚珠23在导槽210内压到位，无法再向下走，从而防松杆22无法继续下压。
在本实施例中，如图6、图7所示，导槽210呈折线状，沿着导管21的内壁延伸形成一个环形且呈折线状的槽。导槽210上具有多个波峰和位于波峰之间的波谷，相邻两个波峰高度不一，较高者形成第一高位211，较低者形成第二高位212，两个波峰之间的波谷形成低位213。由于导槽210呈环状，因此其上具有至少两个第一高位211和至少两个第二高位212，第一高位211和第二212交错排布。
又如图4、5所示，对应滚珠23，防松杆22的外周侧面上设有内凹的环形槽220，滚珠23配合在环形槽220内并可在环形槽220内任何位置滚动。环形槽220在防松杆22上的深度小于滚珠23的直径，优选稍大于滚珠23的半径，可卡设滚珠23的同时，滚珠23凸出的部分可配合到导槽210内。
另外，结合导槽210如图6、7所示折线状设置，滚珠23可沿导槽210中的周向移动。当第一次下压防松杆22，滚珠23沿导槽210周向移动同时沿其高度方向移动，卡合在第一高位211处；第二次下压防松杆22时，滚珠23从第一高位211处再次沿导槽210周向和高度方向移动，经过相邻的一低位213后达到第二高位212，卡合在第二高位212处；第三次下压防松杆22时，滚珠23经过相邻的另一低位213后达到第一高位211，卡合在第一高位211处。以此类推，通过滚珠23和导槽210的配合实现防松杆22的移动及定位。
进一步地，防松机构20还包括设置在导管21内并套设在防松杆22上的复位弹簧24，用于驱使移动后的防松杆22复位。例如，防松杆22受压相对下堆芯板2向下移动并同时压缩复位弹簧24后，复位弹簧24通过自身回复力伸展复原同时带动防松杆22向上移动复位，进而使得防松杆22的端部弹出导管21。
防松杆22进一步可包括轴向相接的第一杆段221和第二杆段222，第一杆段221的直径大于第二杆222的直径。防松杆22以其第一杆段221朝向锁紧件10，第一杆段221远离第二杆段222的端部随防松杆22的移动弹出或回收至导管21内。
复位弹簧24套设在第二杆段222上，抵接第一杆段221朝向第二杆段222的端面。在防松杆22受外力作用向下移动时，第一杆段221的端部脱离锁紧件10并可回缩至导管21内，同时压缩复位弹簧24；在外力消失时，复位弹簧24伸展复原，驱使防松杆22向上移动，带动第一杆段221的端部弹出导管21并可进入锁紧件10内。
由于复位弹簧24套设在防松杆22的第二杆段222上，为了避免滚珠23和复位弹簧24之间相互干涉，滚珠23配合在第一杆段221的外周侧面上，环形槽220对应设置第一杆段221的外周侧面上，导槽210与环形槽220相对而设置在导管21的对应端的内壁上。
又进一步地，防松机构20还包括支撑板25，导管21垂直连接在支撑板25上。支撑板25上对应防松杆22设有通孔，第二杆段222远离第一杆221的端部配合在通孔内；复位弹簧24的两端分别抵接在支撑25和第一杆段221朝向第二杆段222的端面上。
在下堆芯板2下方，防松机构20可通过导管22或支撑板25与下堆芯板2连接实现相对固定，防松杆22可相对导管21、支撑板25和下堆芯板2在轴向方向（在第一位置和第二位置之间）来回移动。
防松杆22从第一位置移动至第二位置可通过施加压力在其上实现。对此，如图1、2所示，本发明的燃料组件锁紧装置还包括操作杆30，用于从燃料组件1穿进锁紧件10中下压防松杆22，使防松杆22的端部脱离锁紧件10。
在装卸燃料组件1时，将操作杆30的一端（下端）从燃料组件1顶部穿进其中直至进入锁紧件10，操作杆30的另一端（上端）与换料机构连接。
在将燃料组件1的下端安装固定在下堆芯板2上时，通过操作杆30下压防松杆22，使防松杆22的端部脱离下堆芯板2的安装孔3，将燃料组件1下端的锁紧件10穿进下堆芯板2的安装孔3，阶梯卡合部13穿过安装孔3并卡合在下堆芯板2的下表面；上提操作杆30，防松杆22在复位弹簧24作用下向上移动，防松杆22的端部弹出并进入在锁紧件10内，从而配合在安装孔3和锁紧件10内，将锁紧件10锁紧在下堆芯板2上。
拆卸燃料组件1时，通过操作杆30下压防松杆22，使防松杆22的端部脱离安装孔3和锁紧件10，此时锁紧件10的阶梯卡合部13可相向靠近而回缩，能脱离下堆芯板2的下表面而进入安装孔3，上提燃料组件1即可将燃料组件1及其下端的锁紧件10从下堆芯板2上分离。
综上可知，本发明对燃料组件在下堆芯板上的固定主要通过轴向移动实现卡合及锁紧，无需旋转，利于燃料组件的紧密排布，特别也利于六边形燃料组件的紧密排布。在满足燃料组件锁紧的条件下，减少锁紧装置和换料机构设计的复杂性，适用于液态金属反应堆。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，包括固定在燃料组件下端并弹性卡合在下堆芯板的安装孔内的锁紧件、设置在下堆芯板下方并与所述锁紧件配合的防松机构；
    所述防松机构包括导管以及防松杆；所述防松杆设置在所述导管内并可沿所述导管的轴向在第一位置和第二位置来回移动；
    在所述第一位置，所述防松杆的端部弹出所述导管并配合在所述锁紧件内，限制所述锁紧件脱出所述安装孔；
    在所述第二位置，所述防松杆的端部脱离所述锁紧件而回收在所述导管内，解除对所述锁紧件的限制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述锁紧件包括与所述安装孔相适配的筒体、设置在所述筒体的第一端端部上并与燃料组件的下端配合的连接筒段、凸出设置在所述筒体的第二端端部外周上的阶梯卡合部；
    所述筒体的第二端壁面上设有至少两个沿着筒体的轴向延伸的开槽，所述开槽将所述筒体的第二端壁面分成至少两个可相对开合的弹片；所述阶梯卡合部位于每一所述弹片的端部上并在穿过所述安装孔后抵接在下堆芯板的下表面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述连接筒段设有内螺纹。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述连接筒段的直径大于所述筒体的直径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述防松机构还包括至少一个可滚动配合在所述防松杆的外周侧面上的滚珠；
    所述导管的内壁设有用于与所述滚珠配合的导槽，所述导槽沿着所述导管的周向和轴向延伸；在轴向延伸方向上，所述导槽具有至少一个第一高位和至少一个第二高位、连接在所述第一高位和第二高位之间的低位，所述第一高位的高度高于所述第二高位的高度；
    所述防松杆处于所述第一位置时，所述滚珠位于所述第一高位；所述防松杆处于所述第二位置时，所述滚珠处于所述第二高位；
    在所述防松杆从所述第一位置移动至所述第二位置时，所述滚珠从所述第一高位经所述低位至所述第二高位。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述导槽呈折线状，其上具有多个波峰和位于波峰之间的波谷；
    所述波峰分别形成所述第一高位和第二高位，所述波谷形成所述低位。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述防松杆的外周侧面上设有内凹的环形槽，所述滚珠配合在所述环形槽内。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述防松机构还包括设置在所述导管内并套设在所述防松杆上的复位弹簧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述防松杆包括轴向相接的第一杆段和第二杆段，所述第一杆段的直径大于所述第二杆段的直径；所述复位弹簧套设在所述第二杆段上；
    所述滚珠配合在所述第一杆段的外周侧面上；所述第一杆段远离所述第二杆段的端部随所述防松杆的移动弹出或回收至所述导管内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述防松机构还包括支撑板，所述导管垂直连接在所述支撑板上；
    所述支撑板上对应所述防松杆设有通孔，所述第二杆段远离所述第一杆段的端部配合在所述通孔内；所述复位弹簧的两端分别抵接在所述支撑板和所述第一杆段朝向所述第二杆段的端面上。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的燃料组件锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述燃料组件锁紧装置还包括操作杆，用于从燃料组件穿进所述锁紧件中下压所述防松杆。
PCT/CN2021/129129 2021-11-05 2021-11-05 燃料组件锁紧装置 WO2023077468A1 (zh)

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CN107767967A (zh) * 2017-09-29 2018-03-06 中广核研究院有限公司 燃料组件下部锁紧装置及锁紧、解锁方法
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CN110600145A (zh) * 2019-10-10 2019-12-20 中国科学院近代物理研究所 一种铅基反应堆燃料组件的锁紧、解锁及抓取提升装置
CN112420224A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-26 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) 一种适用于船用反应堆的锁紧装置及燃料组件

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB1155350A (en) * 1967-06-06 1969-06-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Fuel Assembly with Solid End-Fitting
JPH07280979A (ja) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-27 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 舶用原子炉の制御棒支持構造
JPH10227882A (ja) * 1997-02-17 1998-08-25 Toshiba Corp 燃料支持金具プラグ
CN103985419A (zh) * 2014-06-05 2014-08-13 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种液态重金属反应堆的燃料组件锁紧装置
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